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英汉翻译八大注意事项

英汉翻译八大注意事项
英汉翻译八大注意事项

英语学习者一般愿做英译汉题目,怕做汉译英题目。由于历史和文化上的差异,汉英词语之间存在着或显或隐的翻译上的陷阱,导致汉译英远比英译汉易于出错。用鲁迅的话说,就是“词典不离手,冷汗不离身。”这提醒译者必须对这些差异心中有数,然后再调和这些差异,“摆平”这些差异。为此,要迈好下面八道坎儿,时刻要留心这八条“戒律”——只想为你擦亮满天星光,以免在熟路上“迷失方向”。

一、戒“从一而终”

汉语言简意赅,句子灵活,往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇,具体到在本句中应该采用那个意项,务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变,这就是显示译者功力的地方了。

比如:都是“问题”,下面的翻译各不相同,几乎是打一枪换一个地方。

共同关心的问题questions of common interest

解决问题solve a problem

问题的关键the heart of the matter

关键问题a key problem

原则问题a question/ matter of principle

悬而未决的问题an outstanding issue

没有什么问题Without any mishap

摩托车有点问题。Something is wrong with the motorcycle.

问题不在这里。That is not the point.

最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, and bureaucracy have been brought to light

recently.

译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”,翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。

沙博里将《水浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。

二、戒望文生义,机械直译

这多半是初学者犯的毛病,他们易于被表面现象所迷惑,做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。

黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正,下同)黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)从小青梅竹马(green plum bamboo horse——grew up together)

黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)白菜( white vegetable ——Chinese cabbage)

红木(red wood——pad auk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)

黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)

三、戒“水土不符”,习惯搭配失当

这的确是难度系数较大的问题,它要求译者既有较高的中文修养,又要有较高的英文造诣,一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。如:

写罢,掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回,再饮数杯酒,不觉沉醉,力不胜酒,便呼酒保计算了,取些银子算还,多的都赏了酒保。

And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself,

then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)

目前,《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美国,青年时来到中国,一住就是半个多世纪。为了译好《水浒传》,据说他潜心研究了山东的地方志和旧时方言,可谓精诚所致,译著既“达”又“雅”。然而历史告诉我们,中国古人没有用过钢笔,宋时用的还是毛笔,故the pen 应改为the writing-brush。

白洋淀的导游牌上,“红菱”被硬硬地翻译成Red Ling。菱角有对应词的,应改为Red Water Chestnut。这里常常有外国人参观,如此翻译,令人汗颜!

下面的几段译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯。

老者道:“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远,正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰,周围寸草不生,若过此山,就是铜脑盖,铁身躯,也要化成汁哩。”

"It's impossible to get to the west," the old man replied, "The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but they're over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them."

(詹纳尔译《西游记·孙悟空一调芭蕉扇》)

美国把贸易和人权扯在一起,只会损害两国的经济利益。

The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.

关起门来搞建设是不成的,中国的发展离不开世界。China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.

四、戒主语暗淡

主语是句子的灵魂,定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了,整个句子将显得松散乏力,甚至会误导读者。

如果这个问题不解决,势必影响两国的利益。

Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two countries seriously.

If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries

在上面的两种译文中,显然第一种译文主语选得好,句子流畅。

共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。

What holds our two great nations together is the cement of common interests.

此句主语部分处理得颇为干练。

操吴戈兮披犀甲,车错毂兮短兵接。

We grasp huge shields, clad in Rhinoceros Hide;the Chariots clash, the Daggers gashing wide.(杨宪益译《屈原·国殇》)

屈原一开篇就“操吴戈兮披犀甲,车错毂兮短兵接”,显然需要补充应有的主语。在《国殇》诗中,后面还有“身既死兮神以灵,子魂魄兮为鬼雄”的句子,可见屈原是以“局外人”的视角来写为国捐躯的将士的,而非把自己混为军中一员。译文中的主语应改为“They”较妥。

厨房里少了一条鱼,主人发誓要一查到底,揪出偷鱼的贼。

Finding a fish in kitchen was lost, the host swore to find out the thief who stole the fish.

尽管汉语中似乎有“厨房”“主人”两个主语,译者果断地选定了the host 作主语。打点清晰,增强了句子的内聚力。

夏威夷的沙滩上,椰影婆娑,海风习习,一妙龄女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上养神。

On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy.

因为是轻松读本,又是描述性的文字,使用三个主语the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。

五、戒结构单调,组合生硬“拉郎配”

由于汉英结构不同,表达方式迥异,“硬性翻译”不仅读起来别扭,而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧,将句子整合,凸显汉语中所隐含的层次,补充所缺失的成分。有时要将简单句译成并列句,有时将并列句译成主从句。

在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时,我忽然问起原来的班主任:“我个子又不矮,怎么把我安排在了第一排呢?”

At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?"

一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴,秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins,the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.

黑体字部分,正是契合了英语的表达习惯。

六、戒“愚忠”,不谙增减之道

我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水,译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否则,外国人会不知所云。毕竟,汉译英最终是给外国人看的。

例如:风水

fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.

例如:(美国对台)“三不政策”

会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。

One day I shall climb

Clear to the summit,

See how small surrounding

Mountain tops appear as they lie below me

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科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.

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英语翻译题(完整版)

Enterprises 1.in recent years,foreign companies have been buying best-selling brands from their locally listed subsidiaries and moving them to entities that are 100%-owned by the far-off parent. 近年来,外国企业一直从它们本地的上市子公司手中买入畅销品牌,并将这些畅销品牌并入由于母公司100%控股的实体企业中。 2.so they have set up wholly-owned,unlisted subsidiaries,or increaseed their stakes in existing affiliates,to gain total operating control。 所以,他们要么设立了不上市的全资子公司,要么增持现有关联方的股份,以获得总运营控制权。 3.not only was the Acer group to be flat,rather than pyramidal,but the holding company would own no more than 30% of each subsidiary,and Mr.Shih himself would control no more than 5%of the holding company. 鸿基集团采用平行的金字塔结构,而且控股公司在每个子公司的股权比例不超过30%,施先生在控股公司中的持股也不超过5%。 4.Loans to related companies are rarely made on an arm's length basis,and tend to be granted at below-market rates,with scant credit vetting. 放给关联公司的贷款基本都不按市场条件的正常交易,收取的利率往往低于市场水平,并很少进行认真的资信调查。

2017考研英语:翻译复习重要知识点总结

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标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分,也是一个明显的拆分点。 5. 除此之外,介词on, in, with, at, of, to等引导的介词短语,不定式符号to,分词结构也可以作为拆分点。 例如:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(35词,2003年62题) 拆分本句的信号词有:which, in, that。注意本句出现的两个and 连接的是几个词汇,并非句子,所以不用作为拆分点。因此这个句子可以拆分成四个片段。拆分后句子的总结构是: (1)主干Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry; (2)定语从句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors; (3)方式状语in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner; (4)定语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。 二、运用翻译策略,组合汉语译文 正确理解原文后,接下来就是翻译。翻译时,关键是综合运用各种翻译方法将英文的原意忠实地表达出来。主要有如下翻译技巧。 1.词汇的增减转 由于英汉两种语言的差异,在英文看上去比较正常的句子,译成

汉译英注意事项

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科技英语翻译的注意事项

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英语翻译题题库

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英语翻译基础知识教育测试题目100

Exploration on the construction of enterprise culture in the civil aircraft industry Author: Liu Yue Abstract: the long-term stable development of civil aircraft industry can not be separated from the successful construction of enterprise culture, corporate identity system is the core part of the enterprise culture construction. Combined with the core view of the image recognition system theory and other related theories, from the aspects of enterprise value concept, corporate visual image, enterprise behavior, etc., to strengthen the construction of enterprise culture, and promote the development of civil aircraft industry. Keywords: civil aircraft industry; corporate culture; corporate identity system In recent years,, the state attaches great importance to the development of civil aircraft industry, for the capacity of national security, science and technology innovation, talent training, industry upgrade paid attention to the propaganda, to create a good cultural atmosphere for the development of the civil aircraft business. In such a social and cultural atmosphere, the establishment of the internal cultural environment of the civil aircraft industry is the combination of social and cultural construction and the development of the enterprise's own image and cultural soft power, which is transformed into the real productive forces. The long-term development of of any enterprise cannot do without corporate culture, so is the civil aircraft industry. Enterprise culture is the inherent driving force for the development of enterprises. It is a catalyst for talent, management and innovation, which is a key factor to determine the rise and fall of an enterprise, which is a key factor in determining the rise and fall of an enterprise, which is based on a variety of functions, such as [1], which is the function of the enterprise, such as the aggregation, incentive, restraint. Enterprise culture constitutes the important soft power in the enterprise competition, and it has a long and extensive influence with the technology, facilities and products. Therefore, the current world enterprises (including all major Multi-National Corporation) are very attached to the enterprise culture construction, as the core component of enterprise development. It is in this sense, in the guidance of national policy, based on the actual characteristics of the industry, to foster the development of the market economy to adapt to the requirements of the enterprise culture, for China's civil aircraft industry to establish a market economy operating mechanism, and promote the further development of the aviation industry has a very important significance.

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