自考 英语水平考试二 笔试 串讲

自考00015英语（二）串讲资料（3）第七题：英译汉主要特点：综合考查词汇和语法，注意定语从句、状语从句、比较级、倒装句的理解。

阅卷要求：根据总体印象打分，分为15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五个档次。

只要译文大体准确通顺即可得分，不要求译得非常漂亮。

结语知己知彼，百战不殆！II.重点语法复习动词时态和语态非谓语动词虚拟语气定语从句和名词性从句1.动词主要时态和语态表一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动：do did will do被动：are done were done will be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动：are doing were doing will be doing被动：are being done were being done现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动：have done had done will have done被动：have been done had been done现在完成进行时主动：have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now，so far，for three years，since 1995，over past ten years，by the end of this week，by the year of 1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g.We haven‘t met each other since last year.By the end of this week，we‘ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。

汉语提示语：一直e.g.The water has been running the whole night. 过去完成时said，reported，thought。

自考“英语（二）”串讲资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。

* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。

* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。

哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。

在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture 等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。

* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。

在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。

一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。

同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。

复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。

英语二内容串讲阅读三重境界＊彻底糊涂：细节＊彻底明白：细节+主旨＊似懂非懂：翻译阅读四项能力词能、句能、篇能、考能词能第一一、五个猜词绝招1.利用上下文确定词义例1：He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.例2：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.例3：A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student.例4：The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep.2.利用构词法确定词义例1：Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.例2：They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions.例3：The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.3.利用语法知识确定词义例1：For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person.例2：A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.例3：Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.例4：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义表示反义的信号词：in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to……例1：My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.例2：Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.例3：A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others.5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义例1：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.例2：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.二、词的构成：常见的前缀和后缀前缀：改变词义，不改变词性后缀：改变词性，不改变词义前缀：en-/em-；否定前缀；后缀：名词后缀；形容词后缀；动词后缀；副词后缀前缀en-, em- “使…”enable v. 使能够eg: The pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价。

主要内容 试卷分析和最新出题思路 重点语法 备考要诀及学习⽅法 最新英语（⼆）试卷主观题统计数据 考题 满分 平均分 单词拼写 10 2.48 词形填空 10 2.17 汉译英 15 5.53 英译汉 15 10.75 总分 50 20.93 最新出题思路 （1）与课⽂的关系 往年与课⽂有关的⼤题：第⼀、第四、第五和第六⼤题 近年与课⽂有关的⼤题：第四和第六⼤题 建议：熟读课⽂，掌握课⽂中的⼤纲词汇，特别留意课⽂中体现重点语法和经典句型的句⼦。

（2）与课⽂⽆关的⼤题：第⼆、第三、第七⼤题。

⽂章选材：主要涉及社会⽂化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和⽣活常识等内容。

建议：⼴泛阅读此类题材的⽂章，是中英⽂对照版本。

推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《⼤学英语》，《英语学习》。

每道题的考点： 第⼀题：词汇语法题 主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常⽤句型。

近年来词汇题⽐重增加。

建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟⼤纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的⽐较，牢记固定搭配。

历年试题举例： 1. At the end of 1994 the pitish government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers. [A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect A 2. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting. [A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over B 3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes. [A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which B 第⼆题：完型填空题 主要考点：除了第⼀⼤题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的⽤法。

2、常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。

P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternat ivecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。

P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatt hefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。

P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。

P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsb asedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。

P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproble msinaneither/orfashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。

P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterm iningwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—that is,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievemen toforganizationalgoals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。

P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increas edfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproducts mightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。

自考英语二重点串讲英语（二）重点内容：Unit 1常考句子：1、A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.决策是从那些可以得到可供选择的行动方针中进行抉择。

2、Although managers cannot predict the future, （but）many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events.虽然管理者们不能预见未来，但是他们的很多决策都要求他们考虑未来可能发生的事件。

Although he thought he was helping us with the job, he was only in the way.虽然他以为他在帮助我们干这件事，但他只是在碍我们的事。

3、Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as litt le as possible to chance.通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳的预测，使偶然性尽可能少地发生“as+形容词（副词）+as possible”尽可能地……；尽量4、If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.如果没有选择，也就无法做出决策5、 For managers every decision has constraints based on politics, procedures, laws, precede nts and the like.对于管理者来说，每一个决策都要受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面因素的制约。

2. ⾮谓语动词 动词主要时态和语态⼀览表 ⾮谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 ⼀般式 doing 主动，正在进⾏ 被动式 being done 被动，正在进⾏ 完成主动式 having done 主动，已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动，已经完成 过去分词 done 被动，已经完成 动词不定式 ⼀般式 to do 主动，将要进⾏ 被动式 to be done 被动，将要进⾏ 完成主动式 to have done 主动，已经完成 进⾏主动式 to be doing 主动，正在进⾏ ⾮谓语动词作状语 ？动词不定式：1）⽬的状语；2）结果状语 e.g. I came here to meet you. （⽬的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果） ？分词：1）伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语 e.g. Walking along the street， he met his old friend. （时间） Being very tired， my father didn‘t go out with us. （原因） Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因） Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件） ⾮谓语动词，状语从句和独⽴结构 ？ Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分词作状语） ？ After having done their homework， the children began to play. （连词+分词） ？ After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （状语从句） ？ With homework done， the children began to play. （独⽴结构） ⾮谓语动词作定语 ？ If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。

67. Would you mind _____ （rephrase） the question， please. 68. They used to _____ （work） twelve or fourteen hours a day at that time. 69. An organization is a group of people， and a decision __ （make） today may have consequences far into the future. 70. For managers， every decision has constraints _____ （base） on policies， procedures and laws. 71. As I'll be away for a year， I'd appreciate _____ （hear） from you now and then. 72. What developed was a music readily _____ （take） on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. 73. Many other new techniques are available that enable more research _____ （do） in the test tube. 74. _____ （not， get）enough hands， she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task. 75. A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after _____ （convict） of murder. 76. With apples at 25 cents a pound， we couldn't resist _____ （take） four pounds. 77. When _____ （give） the chance， it is quite possible for him to fulfill the task within ten days. 78. I'll be only too pleased _____ （help） out those who are in difficulty. 79. Television is another major instrument of communication， _____ （permit） us to see as well as to hear the performer. 80.There are several means _____ （measure） the length and width of the gap. 81. _____ （seize） Jane by the collar， they dragged her out of the vehicle and locked her up in the dark room. 82.I couldn't help but _____ （feel） this is a very strange life. 83. _____ （use ） economically， one tin of oil will last at least three months. 84.It seems reasonable to assume that， other things _____ （be） equal， they would prefer single to shared rooms. 85. With the strike _____ （settle）， the work on the new assembly line went ahead like wildfire. 86. People appreciate _____ （talk） with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous. 87. Since the author did not stick to the topic， I found his article very _____ （confuse） and hard to follow. 88. You may find yourself _____ （face） one interviewer or panel. 89. _____ （understand） the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people. 90. The domestics can have their passports removed， _____ （make） leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible. 91. Miss Hannah Arent was the first person _____ （define） the difference between work and labor. 92. I would rather he _____（buy）the house next year. 93.They demanded that the right to vote _____（give）to every adult person. 94.The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____ （meet） them before. 95.If it hadn't been for your help， we _____ （be） in real trouble. 96.If you had come earlier， you _____ （not miss） the first act of the play. 97.He would have given you more help， if he _____ （not be） so busy. 98. I would recommend that you _____ （think） about doing something similar for yourself. 99. She treats me as if I _____ （be） a stranger. 100. It's time something _____ （do） about the traffic problem downtown. 101. It was imperative that students _____ （finish） their papers before July 1st. 102. It is high time that we _____ （take） firm measures to protect our environment. 103. Had he been treated well， he _____ （get over） this disease. 104. If only the board _____ （approve） the proposal and put it into effect. 105. If thalidomide _____ （invent） today， it would never be released for human use because new tests on pregnant animals would reveal the dangers. 106. He _________（write） her 10 letters since he met her last years. 107. I think it necessary for him ________ （finish） the work in time. 108. The house is ______ （complete） before his brother's wedding ceremony. 109. You had better ________ （bring） enough money with you. 110. If I hadn't listened to you， I would _______ （make） such a silly mistake. 111. The three players repeatedly denied ________ （take） any drug. 112. People who are entitled to ________ （vote） should be over eighteen. 113. If she ______（catch） the 10 O'clock train， she can get there by lunch time. 2. 从句 ――――定语从句，名词从句和状语从句 1.It was there， the police believe， _____ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. untilB. whichC. thatD. when 2.It is not yet known _____ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. how 3.Such attitudes amount to a belief _____ leisure can and should be put to good use.A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. that 4. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition，____， to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech （⾼技术）products.A. whereB. whichC. asD. that 5. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. in that 6.Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.A. thatB. which C .in which D. in that 7. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. who 9. There is no doubt _____ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery.A. whatB. ofC. ifD. that 10. Such people _____ you describe are nowadays.A. asB. thatC. whoD. which 11. Was it in that school _____ he developed his interest in physics？A. whichB. from whichC. whereD. that 12. Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter _____ he really needs is encouragement？A. when thatB. since thatC. when whatD. now that 13. _____， I couldn't get a job in this company.A. Try as I mightB. As I might tryC. Try though I mightD. I might try 14. It is a well-known fact ____ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether 15. Very few people understood this contract， _____was very obscure.A. the languageB. the language of whichC. all it saidD. which it had said 16. Management often works hard to set up a situation _____work is done in series.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what 17. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement， he wonders ____will happen to his family life.A. itB. thatC. whatD. this 18. We cannot leave this tough job to a person _____.A. who nobody has confidenceB. in whom nobody has confidenceC. for whom nobody has confidenceD. who everyone has confidence of 19. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black， which is _____ the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. why 20.Robots differ from automatic machines _____ after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.A. so thatB. in whichC. given thatD. in that 21. His name will be crossed out from the list _____ he makes the same mistake again.A. ifB. unlessC. becauseD. though 22. Five minutes earlier， _____we may have caught the gunman.A. andB. butC. orD. so。