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锁定主旨大意题A(2017·江西五市八校二次联考)Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cell phone and typed a text to her mom，one recent Saturday.Her mom was right downstairs in the kitchen.The text was that Anna wanted an egg for breakfast.Soon after，Joanna Schiferl called，“If you want to talk to me，Anna，come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now.“I was kind of lazy，” she admits.These days，many people with cell phones prefer texting to a phone call.And that's creating a communication divide of sorts—the talkers VS the texters.Some would argue that it's no big deal.But many experts say the most successful communicators will，of course，have the competence to do both.And they fear that more of us are unable to have—or at least are avoiding—the traditional face－to－face conversations.Many professors say it is not common to see students outside of class.“I sit in my office lonely now because if my students have a question，they email me，often late at night，” says Renee Houston，a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state.“And they never call.”As Anna sees，“There are people you'll text，but won't call.It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected.“The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny，co－author of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.“The problem has been there since we've had telephones—probably since the time of a telegraph，” G renny says.Texting is just the latest way to do that.Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves，Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cell phones.He says that they also should set limits，as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.语篇解读：现在很多人用发信息的方式和别人交流而忽视了面对面的交流，本文介绍了不同的人对这种交流方式的态度和观点。
2018高考全国Ⅱ卷英语试卷答案及解析2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷注意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUTB. WBPC. CRFD. POT22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.文体：应用文主题：文章主要提供给了孩子们四种不同类型的夏日活动以及相关具体信息。
第一部分专题一第4讲A(2022·山东省泰安市高三一模)Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse.The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg.In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his companyʼs name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products.Facebook has launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________A．It is a video game like real life.B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？________A．The fiction SnowCrash.B．The origin of metaverse.C．A VR superhero.D．The film ReadyPlayerOne.3．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his companyʼs name？________A.Metaverse has become more popular.B．He lives in a virtual world every day.C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.4．What can we know from the text about VR headsets？________A．They are very cheap for most of us.B．Their users can experience a virtual world.C．Horizon Workroom donʼt need them at all.D．They will bring us into the final stage of the Internet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间(metaverse)、其产生的由来及运用。
2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（推理判断）含答案阅读理解----推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题形式：1．细节推断题(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2)The author strongly suggests that .(3)The writer implies but not directly states that .(4)The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题(1)The passage would most likely be found in .(2)In which of the following publications would this passage most likely come from?(3)Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?3．写作意图类推断题(1)What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage?(2)The purpose of the passage is to get people to .(3)The writer writes the last paragraph in order to .4．态度倾向类推断题(1)The attitude of the author towards...is .(2)What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?(3)What does the author think about...?1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
专题能力训练十阅读理解(一)A(2017·天津耀华中学一模,A)ChineseLanguageandCultureDayCampJuly 25-29,2017Monday-Friday,9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.For ages 7-16Location:Confucius Institute,10 Park Street,AlfredCampFee:$150(includes lunch)Enrollment(注册)Deadline:July 11,2017ProgramThe AU Confucius Institute Chinese Language and Culture Day Camp offers a great introduction to Chinese language and culture in an exciting,fun-filled,interactive environment.The small-class format ensures that each camper gets enough individual attention.This program features:·Chinese Language Classes·Traditional Chinese Arts and Crafts·Calligraphy·Songs·Dances·Games·Cooking·Daily supervised cafeteria-style lunch in the University Dining HallFaculty(教员)Top quality instruction is provided by distinguished members of the AU Confucius Institute faculty who are experienced teachers,fluent in both English and Chinese.WhoCanAttend?This week-long,day camp is for students aged 7-16 who wish to participate in a fun,dynamic summer experience in Chinese language and culture.For classes,students will be divided into younger and older age groups.ScheduleStudents must arrive at the Confucius Institute each day by 9:00 a.m.and must be picked up at 3:30p.m.Morning lessons will focus on Chinese language classes,while afternoons will be filled with hands-on cultural activities.Instructors will bring students to the Powell Campus Center dining hall for a supervised,cafeteria-style lunch each day.HowtoEnrollPlease finish the enrollment form and return by July 11,with your $150 payment,to:Office of Summer Programs,Alfred University,I Saxon Drive,Alfred,NY 14802.Checks should be made payable to Alfred University.Major credit cards are also accepted.(If paying by credit card,feel free to fax enrollment form to us at 607-871-2045.)Cancellation(取消)PolicyFull refunds(退款) will be made for cancellations received by 3:30 p.m.on July 22,2017.We cannot make refunds to students who cancel after July 22 because the amount of materials purchased,meal counts and classroom spaces are based upon the number of students expected and cannot be changed after that time.Questions?For further information,please contact the Office of Summer Programs via email or by calling 607-871-2612.【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。
2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（主旨大意）含答案阅读理解----主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：1．What is the best title for this passage?2．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3．What’s the main idea of the text?4．The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that .1．标题归纳类标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。
名师点津干扰项特点1．以偏概全；2.断章取义；3.主题扩大；4.张冠李戴；5.无中生有。
典题印证(2016·全国Ⅱ，C片段)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”32．What is the best title for the text?A．Online Reading：A Virtual TourB．Electronic Books：A New TrendC．A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD．A Website Links People Through Books答案 D解析标题归纳题。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷2）英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.What does John find difficult in learning German？A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A.Colleagues.B.Brother and sister.C.Teacher and student.3.Where does the conversation probably take place？A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4. What are the speakers talking about？A.A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview？A.It was tough.B.It was interesting.C.It was successful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题【构建知识体系】2015-2017年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2015-2017年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2016-2017年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计【考纲解读】【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]CSome of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actuallycolor, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Exploring the Future of Jazz.B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz.C．The Story of a Jazz Musician.D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.【2017课标全国I卷】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]CTerrafugia Inc .said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hourin the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it t o show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test andcomplete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s Fist FlightC.Pilots’Dream Comi ng TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality31.主旨大意题。
专题一阅读理解第四讲词义猜测类真题验证A(2017·天津，C)导学号 47404020 This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi－autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect driverless cars，” Merat says. “You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening inthe UK and Singapore, where government－provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。
随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广，无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。
德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规，并就此提出了自己的主张。
❶What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to？____D____ A．A place where cars often break down.B．A case where passing a law is impossible.C．An area where no driving is permitted.D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.解析：考查推理判断。
根据下文“the grey area between...the driverless future”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域(界线不明、难以界定的领域)，故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。
❷The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to____B____.A．stop people from breaking traffic rulesB．help promote fully automatic drivingC．protect drivers of all ages and racesD．prevent serious property damage解析：考查推理判断。
根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permit fully automatic driving)可知，选B。
❸What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？____D____ A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.B．It should be the main concern of law makers.C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D．It should involve no human responsibility.解析：考查推理判断。
题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。
❹Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ____C____.A．Singapore B．the UKC．the US D．Germany解析：考查细节理解。
在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕(go down poorly in the US)，在这里，认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的(would get absolutely nowhere)，由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。
故选C。
❺What could be the best title for the passage？____A____A．Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B．Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC．Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D．Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents解析：考查主旨大意。
全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选A。
B(2017·全国Ⅰ，C)导学号 47404021 Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It's Jason Moran's job to help change __that__. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hopi ng to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black or white anymore. It's actually colorful, and it's actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspectof the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”文章大意：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。
