英语四六级英语阅读理解常见题型解析
词汇和语义理解题
词汇和语义理解题对词汇理解的考查是阅读测试的一个重要方面。词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。这类题需要考生拥有较大的词汇量。这类试题主要测试考生利用上下文猜测生词词义的能力或确定常用词汇在特定语境中确切含义的能力。
生词可以大致分为两种类型：一类是单词本身并不复杂,重要的是要求考生能够在特定的语境中判断出该词的含义,这类词一般是多义词;另外一类则为纯粹的生词,对于这类词汇,考生应该从词性及其在句子中所起的语法作用确定生词所处的语境,用整个句子所具有的意思来分析词义,确定生词与上下文中的其他词是否具有同义、近义或反义等关系。
1. 词汇和语义理解题常见提问形式
The author uses the phrase “...” to illustrate...
From the passage, we can infer that the word “...” is...
What does the word “...” mean in this passage?
What do we kn ow about the author's house from “...” ?
Which of the following does the word “...” in line...refers to?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “...”?
2. 词汇和语义理解题命题规律
(1) 含有指示代词的句中,常考查词汇或短语。
(2) 具体环境中,具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇，尤其是名词,常成为考查对象。
(3) 常考一词多义的常见词及词组。有些词一词多义,要求考生能通过阅读理解该词的确切含义。平时积累生词时,一定要掌握在大纲规定范围内的所有词义，这样考试才会胸有成竹。
(4) 对比处常考这类题目考查考生能否从有对比含义的上下文中猜测出某个单词的含义。
(5) 复杂句常考复杂句句子结构复杂,句子之间的指代关系复杂,主要考查考生的理解能力。
3. 词汇和语义理解题答题技巧
考生拥有比较大的词汇量和一定的构词知识,这自然有助于理解短文意义和解答词汇理解类型题目。但由于测试文章题材广泛,体裁多样,并且同一单词在不同的语境中或上下文中有不同的含义,考生在测试时必然会遇到一些生词或熟词的生僻词义。因此掌握正确的猜测方法有助于考生正确地解答词汇理解类型题。确定词汇在文章中的准确含义,取决于对其所在的上下文的正确理解,并在理解的基础上推测词义。
一般常见的方法如下:
(1) 利用上下文与该词逻辑和意义上的联系
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after revolution he was banished.
A few members of the Senate opposed the decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.
从上下文中我们知道第二句中的the decision指的就是he was banished,少数
人反对这个决定，多数人支持这个决定：国王必须永远离开这个国家。由此我们可以推测banish为“驱逐,流放”之意。
(2) 利用文章中的定义或者解释
Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off, usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether.
这句话实际上是给procrastinators下了一个定义,从中我们可以猜测其意义是“拖延者，拖拖拉拉的人”。
(3) 利用对比关系
所谓对比关系,就是利用相邻两句(或者两个分句)结构上或意义上的对比来猜测词义。
In spite of his aged appearance, his movements were spirited as a young man’s. 短语in spite of连接让步状语,对主句的意思起反衬作用,使前后两部分形成意义上的对比。根据对比可以推知spirited意为“有精神的,朝气蓬勃的”。
(4) 利用同位关系
在一个句子中,有时两个或者两个以上的词构成同位关系,起同样的作用,意义大体相近或具有一定的联系。这种同位关系有时通过破折号表示,有时通过一定的解释性提示词表示。如:particularly, mainly, chiefly, such as, say, for example, or, namely, in other words, that is to say等。
Have some sherries—the most distinguished wine from Spain.
通过破折号后面的意义,我们可以得知sherries是一种西班牙产的酒。
(5) 利用定语从句
有时在某些生词或者重要的词后面,作者使用定语从句来进一步解释说明,考生可以通过理解定语从句的意义来猜测该词的意义。
This set of book is for children. The first book of the sequence, which is one of the most popular series of children's stories, is actually a collection of stories about the people in the village.
定语从句说明了sequence的含义是a series of books。
(6) 利用举例
某些词的意思也可通过such as, like, for example, for instance等举例加以说明。
如: Many ships leave land and disappear completely; the US Cyclops, for example, vanished in 1918.
由for example可知vanish与disappear是同义词,意思是“消失，失踪”。
(7) 利用同义信息和反义信息这是推断生词最重要的手段。
作者常用意义相同或相近的词来解释某词,有时也用表示原因的短语或句子,或在意义上可以互补的词来解释说明某词。
如: It is difficult to list all of my father's attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.
从原因状语从句中的talents和abilities可以猜测出attributes意为“才能”。
通过反义词和转折词,如but, yet, however, instead, rather than, on the contrary 等往往也可以猜出生词的词义。
如: Storming out of the room only exacerbates the situation rather than ease it.
rather than是表示否定意义的并列词语,由此可知exacerbate是ease的反义词,故可以猜出exacerbate的意思是“加剧”或“恶化”。
(8) 利用类属词
英语中有些词指某类事物的总称,这些词称为类属词。
如resources为资源的总称,其中包括oil, silver, water等。这实际上是一般和具体的关系。阅读时应注意发现词语之间的这种关系,以便猜出某些词的意义。
如: Household appliances, especially TV sets, washing machines and tape recorders, are selling well these days.
电视机、洗衣机和录音机均属电器,因此可以推出household appliances的意思是“家用电器”。
(9) 利用构词法
通过构词法,如前缀和后缀也可推测词义。
如: Antibiotics such as penicillin will not cure the flu.
前缀anti-表示“反，抗”的意思,又根据penicillin(青霉素)一词,可推断antibiotics的意思是“抗生素”。
观点态度题
观点态度题通常作者的观点或态度往往会在文章的措辞、文体和结构中得以反映。他们大都采取比较客观(objective)和实事求是(factual)的态度,其写作意图是向读者提供信息(information)。但有时会在文章中表现出一些个人的感情色彩,或批评(critical),或讽刺(ironic),或感叹(impressed)。
要做对这类题,必须正确理解作者真正的观点,同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度,弄清作者写这篇文章的目的,作者的态度是肯定还是否定,以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等。同时还必须体会作者的用词和其他修饰手段,例如比喻和讽刺。在读文章的时候要注意表示作者态度的一些词语,比如sure, satisfaction, magnanimous,还有一些带有消极意义的词,比如ruffled, stingy等。
常见的提问方式有:
What is the author’s opinion?
How does the author feel about...?
Which of the following can best describe the style of the passage?
事实细节题
事实细节题这类题型侧重考查考生对短文中某个特定细节内容的理解。特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文中的相吻合,这就指出了原文与问题相关的地方,考生直接去查找即可。
事实细节题首先可分为两大类:第一类是词语细节类,答案几乎可直接从短文中获取,考生只需按照题干中的中心词返回原文,找到与其相对应的词语,就能在对应词的周围找到答案;第二类是隐含细节类,从题干部分很难直接找到与原文对应的词语，其答案间接地隐含在文中,有时答案还可能是原文中某一事实的原因、结果、前提等。需要考生仔细推敲选项作答。
1.事实细节题常见的提问形式
细节类试题的提问方式灵活多变,对象涉及短文的各种具体细节,如询问时间、距离、数量等,需要认真计算;有的涉及正误判断,要先看选项,根据选项提供的线索找到文中相应部分,最后选出肯定答案;还有的询问事实、原因、结果、方式等。如:
We learn from the last paragraph that...
Which is the real reason for...
The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT .
What is the example of...as described in the passage?
According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc.)...
The first paragraph describes in detail...
2. 事实细节题命题规律
(1) 列举处常考
列举处指的是First, ..., Second, ..., Third, ...等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举出的内容中,选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序,而是采取排比句式。
(2)举例与打比方处常考
为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子常会成为考点。因此考生应对引出这些例子的标志词加以注意。这类词很多,常见的有as, such as, for example, for instance, a case in point等。
(3) (指示)代词处常考
这类考题,常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系和意义。
(4) 引用人物论断处常考
作者为使论点更有依据,常会引用某些权威人士的论断及其重要发现。命题者常在此处做文章。
(5)特殊标点符号后的内容处常考
由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释说明,因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容加以提问。具体来说,特殊标点符号包括:破折号(表解释)、括号(表解释)、冒号(表解释)、引号(表引用)。
3.事实细节题答题技巧
(1)若针对列举、举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后的内容出题,考生要根据问题快速定位到原文相关部分,可只读例子、名人言论、特殊符号前后句的内容,然后与选项对号入座。
(2) 如果题目只是针对某一段的内容提问,考生只看该段内容即可,而不必等到把文章全看完才做题。
(3) 选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义词替换的选项一般是答案项。
(4) 意义表达较具体或肤浅地表达了字面意思的选项,一般不是答案项,而具有概括性、抽象的、含义深刻的一般是答案项。
(5)选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must, always, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none, hardly等,而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词的一般是答案项。这些语气词有could, may, often, should, usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or not, necessarily等。
(6) (尤其在议论文体中)那些符合一般常识,意义深刻，富有哲理,符合一般性规律的选项往往是答案项。
提示:细节题干扰项特点:①与原句内容相反;②与原文内容一半相同一半不同;③与原句内容相似但过于绝对化;④原文中根本没提到。正确掌握这些干扰项的特点,有助于考生帮助自己排除干扰项,做出正确的选择。
4. 情景题(辨认重要细节题)答题技巧
情景题也称辨认重要细节题，要求确定文章中涉及事件发生的时间、地点、原因、过程等,主要有两种形式:一种为是非题,要求考生以文章内容为依据辨明是
非;另一种是用What, Which, When, Where, Who, Why及How这类特殊疑问词来提问,但有时也用一个陈述句,要求考生根据文章内容选择一个正确答案。
针对细节题的特点,介绍两种解题方法。
(1) 照题查阅法:是指带着问题寻找答案,先看题目后读文章采取对号入座的方法,这种方法也称为对应法,在4个选择项中正确的一项往往是用不同的词、短语或句子表达与文章中相似的意思,所以能在文章中找到大致相对应的词,这时便可判定正确答案。
(2) 利用逻辑承接语解答:在解答特殊疑问词的提问时,考生应充分利用这些关键词,因为它们能帮助考生顺利地找到题解的线索和依据。例如:after, before, during, simultaneously等关键词可用来表示时间,因而能回答“何时”这个问题; because, for, for the reason of等关键词能帮助考生理顺细节，弄清它们之间的逻辑关系,如并列、转折、递进等，使细节条理化,便于理解和记忆。
推理判断题
推理判断题是各类题中最难的一种。要求考生根据短文中所给的信息、暗示,抓住内含语义,进行判断、推理,得出合乎逻辑的结论。推断题一般分为简单推断和复杂推断。
1. 简单推断
根据不同推断的特点,我们可以将推断题分为五大类:针对数字的推断,针对细节的逻辑推断,针对主题思想、作者意图的推断,针对作者态度、倾向、风格、语气的推断,针对作者思路的推断。
(1) 针对数字的推断
解答这类题目时,应该首先在短文中找到问题所涉及的有关文字和数字,然后根据各数字之间的关系和问题的要求予以推算。应该注意的是:有些问题要求考生做简单的推算,而有些问题只要求找出对应的数字,考生应该注意区别对待,得出正确答案。
(2) 针对细节的逻辑推断
回答这类问题时,考生应首先利用查阅的方法(scanning)确定推理依据的范围,然后进行推断。针对细节的推断可能要求对某一句话进行正确的理解或释义(paraphrase)，也可能要求考生从某一句话中推测出一两个事实。
在进行推论时,应该注意以下问题:①严格按照作者提供的信息进行推论,不能掺杂自己已知的内容推出未知,推理的依据应该从文章中找。②排除干扰项的影响。所谓干扰项,就是指选择项中的非正确答案。答案非常相似,考生应该特别注意分析,排除其影响,选择正确答案。
(3) 针对主题思想、作者意图的推断
文章主题或中心思想是解题的主要依据。要首先确定短文的主题和大意,然后分析句子与句子之间的逻辑关系及内容,区分观点和例证(opinions and facts),原因和结果(causes and effects),主观点和次观点。在透彻理解全文的基础上,根据文章的隐含意义推测作者的意图和写作目的。分析各选择项,选出最佳答案。(4) 针对作者态度、倾向、风格、语气的推断
作者写一篇文章,经常持有某种态度或倾向,例如对某个观点或赞同或反对、或犹豫不定、或批评、或客观陈述。文章中作者的观点和态度,除了直接表达以外,还常常以间接方式表达出来。有时通过全文的叙述,读者可以从文章中心内容领悟作者的观点;有时可以通过对作者使用的修饰词的分析推断作者的思想倾向和感情,这类修饰词主要有形容词和副词。另外,感叹词和一些富有感情色彩的动
词也能表达作者的思想倾向。
(5) 针对作者思路的推断
有些题目要求考生推测出短文前面或者后面可能涉及的内容。这类题的常见类型有:
What does the paragraph preceding (following) the one probably discuss?
The paragraph preceding (following) this may...
It can be inferred from the passage that...
2.复杂推断
复杂推断不但要以表面文字信息为依据,而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。读者要透过文章的表层结构达到深层,采用归纳或演绎等方法,才可得出文章合乎逻辑的结论。
复杂推断通常涉及以下两个方面:推断上下篇主题(Predicting logical sequence);推断文章的来源(Determining the subject area)。
(1) 推断上下篇主题
六级考试阅读理解题通常摘自长篇文章。因此,它们是一个完整、协调和相对独立的语言片断,并与长篇文章中的其他段落保持一定的关系。有时,此类试题要求考生通过本篇内容来推断其上下篇的主题。这就不是一般的简单推断,而是要经过一番思索、归纳和分析,根据本篇的句型、结构、形式和内容,才能得出正确结论。通常,上篇的主题与本篇的主题句(或第一句)关系密切;而下篇的主题则与本篇的结尾句有关。考生要掌握这个规律。
(2) 推断文章的来源
推断文章的来源就是要确定其体裁(叙述文、说明文、议论文等)。文章总有类别之分，并有自己的读者对象。有时,六级试题要求考生推断文章的来源或归属,这种推断往往要以文章的主题、形式和读者对象为前提。考生只有在理解全文的基础上才能找出这些前提,并以此作出推断。
主旨大意题
主旨大意题一般考查考生对全文中心思想的理解。在解答这类题时,首先要抓住文章的主题句,然后在完整理解文章大意的基础上,对选项进行分析排除,得到最贴切的答案。由于不同的文章要求不同,不同的作者手法各异,主题句的位置也不尽相同。演绎性文章中,主题句一般位于篇章、段落的开头部分,一开始就明确主题,然后展开讨论。在归纳性文章中,主题句常出现于段末或篇末。有的作者喜欢开门见山,有的作者则喜欢做些铺叙,主题句也随之出现在开头或中间。
一般来说,篇章的主旨句多出现在文章段首,有时是第一句话,有时跟在however, but等转折连词后面;此外,第一段的开头或结尾倘若出现问句,则对这个问句的回答往往就是文章的主旨大意。应注意的是,这类题目的正确选择项通常不会是原文主题句的简单重复,而是其意思的重新表达。
1.主旨大意题常见的提问形式
针对主题
What is the topic of the passage?
Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
针对主题思想
The main idea of the passage is .
Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?
What does the passage mainly deal with?
针对标题
The best title of the passage is .
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
The title that best expresses the main idea is .
针对目的
The main (primary) purpose of the passage is .
The author says she'll one day take her clients to dinner in order to .
2.主旨大意题命题规律
(1) 段首、段尾句常考
一般来说,短文中第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的表达处;有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此,命题者常在这些地方出题。
(2) 特殊标点符号,尤其在段首的特殊符号之后的内容,往往表达了作者的论点,阐述了全文的主题,常考。
(3) 语义转折处,尤其在段首处的语义转折处,常考。
(4) 因果句常考。
因果句也可表现出作者的目的、观点或文章主题,因此可成为考点。表示因果关系的词有:because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from等。有时作者也通过先提出Why...?然后以回答的方式阐释文章主题。
3. 主旨大意题答题技巧
(1) 在时间紧迫的情况下,重点略读各段的开头或末尾几句。这些句子一般为各段的主题句,综合起来即可知晓文章的主旨。
(2) 阅读时,注意出现频率高的单词,这些词可能就是蕴含中心思想的关键词。这些关键词可能是同一个词多次出现,也可能是同一类词贯穿全文。
(3) 单从选项内容上判断,那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻的选项一般是答案项,而内容片面、单一或者含义过于笼统的选项应排除。
提示:主旨大意题干扰项特点:①只是局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的话,或是某一段的主要内容;②概括范围太宽,此选项把文章的内容过于一般化,包含的内容超出文章阐述的内容,或是此选项没有具体的内容;③无关信息,即在文章中未提到或找不到选项所提到的信息。
阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息
【英语】中考英语阅读理解经典题型带答案 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 A Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some suggestions for you to bridge generation gap（代沟）. Don't argue with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them You can't express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree（有分歧） on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a car. They argued over it, but finally they came to a compromise. Michael bought the car, but only drove it on certain days. Of course your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try. （1）From the passage we know_______ have a communication problem. A. parents and children of all ages B. children and other people C. parents and their school children D. teachers and their students （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 （3）The underlined phrase "cool off" in the passage means_______. A. make yourself happy B. make yourself quiet and relaxed C. become angry D. go away （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better_______. A. argue with them B. keep away from them
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 （一）主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 （二）细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 （三）推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 （四）猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 （五）正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面：（1）个别词语或句子；（2）某一细节或情节；（3）主题；（4）背景知识；（5）结论或结局；（6）内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
【英语】中考英语阅读理解真题经典1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。 B Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter （笑声）Clubs around the world and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria. "Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr. Kataria. "Everyone is naturally good at laughing-it's the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over l,300 in the world. Many doctors are also interested in the effects （效果） of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed-and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results! （1）The first Laughter Club was started in __________. A. India B. America C. Britain D. China （2）How many Laughter Clubs are there in the world today? A. Over 300. B. Over 500. C. Over 800. D. Over l,300. （3）How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class? A. Surprised. B. Pleased C. Nervous. D. Tired. （4）When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real? A. After ten minutes. B. After ten hours. C. After ten seconds. D. After ten days.（5）The article mainly tells us __________.
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
【英语】中考英语阅读理解真题 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 As far back as he could remember, Larry had wanted to go to Hollywood and become a film star. The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again. However, Hollywood was just everything to him. When he first came to California? Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success. Therefore, he kept on trying. "Some day," he told himself, "my big chance would come." Larry found a job—parking cars at one of Hollywood's big restaurants. His pay was low, but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money, he managed to make a living. One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car. Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture. Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it. Then he stopped, jumped out, and ran over to the director. "Excuse me, sir, but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture. A lot of big companies are after me." Instead of pushing away the boy, the director laughed, then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man. "Come and see me tomorrow." Larry got a small part in the director's next film. He was on his way! （1）It's clear that Larry's job—parking cars ________. A. helped him make a lot of money B. brought him the hope to be a film star C. made him fail again and again in getting into Hollywood D. gave him few chances to meet stars （2）The film director asked Larry to meet him the next day because _______. A. he needed a driver very much B. Larry would become a star C. some big companies would give him a job D. Larry expressed his hope in a wise way （3）We can learn from the story that _______. A. the film director knew Larry's hard experience before B. Larry managed to be a part in the new film C. the job parking cars could bring young people everything D. the new film was not so important for the director （4）"He was on his Way" refers to the fact that _______. A. he gave up and returned home B. he began to work towards success C. he drove the director's car to Hollywood D. he had a long way to go to be in the film （5）The story mainly wants to tell us _______. A. it was hard for Larry, to find a job in a restaurant in Hollywood B. Larry was so lucky to meet the director in the parking lot C. why Larry could remember many things before D. how Larry succeeded- in his new life in Hollywood 【答案】（1）B
中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
【英语】中考英语阅读理解测试题及答案经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio. The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world. Now the radio is not disappearing. It's still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people don't have good sight （视力）to watch TV. When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. What's more，the radio is much cheaper than the TV. （1）After the television was invented，people ____. A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. don't want to use the radio any more C. are still using the radio D. find the radio is disappearing （2）One of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that ____. A. the TV was invented B. the transistor radio was invented C. people don't like watching TV D. millions of people watch TV （3）____ listen to the radio more because their sight isn't good enough. A. Children B. Young people C. Old people D. Adults （4）Usually ____ can be used easily while people are moving or working. A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio nor the TV 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）C （4）A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述收音机和电视机在世界上的很受欢迎，电视与收音机比，电视更有用，然而收音机由于体积小便宜，便于携带，听众也越来越多，深受老年人喜爱。 （1）细节题。根据Perhaps more people listen to the radio.可知，电视发明后，人们依然使用收音机，故选C。 （2）细节题。根据One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. 可知，收音机听众的数量更多其中一个原因是晶体管收音机被发明，故选B。 （3）推断题。根据 Many old people don't have good sight（视力）to watch TV.可知，老年人由于视力不好听广播的人更多，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio.可知，通常人们移动或者工作时可以听收音机，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻
（英语）英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its undergraduate courses in 2019. High school students who complete the "National Higher Education Entrance Examination", or Gaokao, with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman. Gaokao is usually taken by students in their last year of senior high school and, every year, each province in China sets the grades required to gain admission to its universities. It is usually held across China in early June. Students are tested in Chinese, Mathematics, a Foreign Language and social sciences or natural sciences. University of Birmingham Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir David Eastwood said: "The University of Birmingham has been challenging and developing great minds for more than a century. We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community. We are further opening access to Birmingham's wealth of education opportunities for the brightest and most dedicated Chinese students by accepting this strict and important qualification. I look forward to welcoming these high-flying students to the University of Birmingham. " Gaokao is increasingly accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language requirements. Professor J on Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said:" The University of Birmingham has a long history of educating students from China and one of our most famous graduates is Li Siguang-the founding father of Chinese geology. I am delighted that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the brightest and best Chinese students an opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a global Top 100 university, such as Birmingham. " （1）What do Chinese students have to do to enter the University of Birmingham before 2019? A. Go through a foundation year. B. Prepare Birmingham degree programmes. C. Acquire the right to permanent residency. D. Score over 800% of the university's qualification examination. （2）Who is the announcement intended for? A. The foreign students in China. B. All people living in the UK. C. The students of the UK. D. Chinese students. （3）Which of the following best explains "integral" underlined in paragraph 3? A. Complete. B. Necessary. C. Indifferent. D. Unimportant. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A. The introduction to the "Gaokao" of China.
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧
英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 曾经就有人用"成也阅读，败也阅读"来形容中考阅读，足可见其重要性。通过对近几年中考试卷的研究发现，中考阅读理解的主要考查方式其实只有两种：主观题型和客观题型。关于这一点我们稍后再做详细介绍。我们先来了解一下中考所考查文章的体裁与内容，通过对近几年中考试卷的总结研究，中考阅读理解对于体裁的考查较多样，多为记叙文、说明文、应用文，有时也会考议论文。总之对于体裁的考查不会太单一。而文章的题材内容也比较丰富，一般会有小故事、日常生活事件、报刊杂志内容、文化习俗、名人轶事等。 首先，我们分析客观题的题目设置。主要有三种形式：一、细节题；二、概括题；三、推测题。那么，什么是细节题呢？就是那些考查文章中有关事情发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件经过、方式、结果等；什么是概括题呢，就是从文章的整体层面上设置的一类综合性题目，如：为文章选择一个恰当的题目、推测本文作者想要表达的中心思想以及写作目的等；最后一种推测题是这几种题型中难度最大的，它需要建立在对整篇文章内容熟悉掌握的基础上，主要出题形式有根据文章的上下文，猜测某一个
2.浏览全文，掌握全貌 如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3.细读题目，抓住要点 对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把