双语阅读文章汇总（一） 一、冰淇淋居然可以高温不化 Ice cream that doesn't melt! Japanese scientists create a recipe that includes a secret strawberry extract to keep the treat cool in warm weather 日本科学家发明了不会融化的冰激凌，还能在炎热的天气里保持凉爽的口感 Japanese scientists have come up with a cool solution to stop ice cream melting before you've had time to finish it. 近日，日本科学家们找到了防止冰激凌融化的好方法。 C (82.4 F) weather and still tas The ice cream retains its original shape in 28° tes 'cool',according to the report. 据报道，这种冰激凌在28度的温度中不仅不会融化，还能保持清凉的口感。 A strawberry extract stops the oil and water from separating so quickly whic h means the icecreams (pictured) stay frozen - even if you blow a hair dryer at them, reports suggest 报道称，冰淇淋不会融化是由于一种叫做草莓提取物的物质，它减缓了水油分离的速度，使得冰激凌即使是在吹风机的吹拂下依旧保持形状。 The company created the ice creams by accident. 这种冰激凌的产生完全是出于意外。 A pastry chef tried to use the strawberry extract to create a new kind of con fectionery in orderto use strawberries that were not the right shape to be sold . 甜点师本想用这种草莓提取物创造一种新型甜品，以试图把因品相不好而无法顺利出售的草 莓利用起来。 He realised the cream would solidify when put in contact with the strawberry extract. 他发现可以使用草莓提取物来减缓冰激凌融化的速度。
小学英语阅读100篇中英文对照59-60 59.Tom Is Late 汤姆迟到了 It's7:30on Monday morning.It's time for Tom to go to school. 现在是星期一早晨7：30。是汤姆上学的时间。 Classes begin at7:40.Tom is still in his room. 课堂在7：40开始。汤姆仍然在他的房间。 His mother says,"Hurry,Tom.You must be quick or you'll be late." 他的妈妈说，“快点，汤姆。你必须快点，否则你就会迟到。” Mum,where's my pencil box?I can't find it. 妈妈，我的铅笔盒在哪里？我找不到了。 I can't go to school without my pencil box,"cries Tom. “我不能没有铅笔盒就去学校，”汤姆哭着说。 Look at Tom's room.What a mess!His books are lying all over the room. 看汤姆的房间。真乱啊！他的书扔的房间到处都是。 His football socks are on the desk. 他的足球在书桌上。 A kite and some clothes are on his bed. 床上有一只风筝和一些衣服。 Tom's mother comes to help him. 汤姆的妈妈过来帮他。 She asks Tom to put his book away and Tom's pencil box is under the books on the floor. 她让汤姆把书拿开，他的铅笔盒就在地板上书的下面。 "You must look after your things,Tom",says Mrs Read. “你必须照看好自己的东西，汤姆。”瑞德夫人说。 60.A Letter 一封信 Dear Cindy, 亲爱的辛迪： Thanks for your letter.It's always nice to hear from you. 谢谢你的来信。收到你的信总是很开心。 Today is the last day of my exams.The maths exam is very difficult,but the other exams are easy. 今天是我考试的最后一天。数学考试非常难，但其他的考试很简单。 I'm waiting for the holidays now,and I'm very anxious to see you and to be with you again.我现在在等假期，我非常渴望见到你，再和你在一起。 I'm going to go spend my Christmas and New Year holidays in New York with my sister. 我要到纽约和妹妹过圣诞节和新年。 Right now I'm going downtown.I'm going to shops for Christmas gifts. 现在我要去市区。我要去商店买圣诞礼物。 I'm excited about Christmas,and about seeing you again. 我对圣诞节很兴奋，对再次见到你也是。 Yours Jack. 你的杰克
双语阅读文章汇总（一）一、冰淇淋居然可以高温不化Ice cream that doesn't melt! Japanese scientists create a recipe that includes a secret strawberry extract to keep the treat cool in warm weather 日本科学家发明了不会融化的冰激凌，还能在炎热的天气里保持凉爽的口感 Japanese scientists have come up with a cool solution to stop ice cream melting before you've had time to finish it. 近日，日本科学家们找到了防止冰激凌融化的好方法。 The ice cream retains its original shape in 28°C (82.4 F) weather and still tastes 'cool',according to the report. 据报道，这种冰激凌在28度的温度中不仅不会融化，还能保持清凉的口感。 A strawberry extract stops the oil and water from separating so quickly which means the icecreams (pictured) stay frozen - even if you blow a hair dryer at them, reports suggest 报道称，冰淇淋不会融化是由于一种叫做草莓提取物的物质，它减缓了水油分离的速度，使得冰 激凌即使是在吹风机的吹拂下依旧保持形状。 The company created the ice creams by accident. 这种冰激凌的产生完全是出于意外。 A pastry chef tried to use the strawberry extract to create a new kind of confectionery in orderto use strawberries that were not the right shape to be sold. 甜点师本想用这种草莓提取物创造一种新型甜品，以试图把因品相不好而无法顺利出售的草莓利用起来。 He realised the cream would solidify when put in contact with the strawberry extract. 他发现可以使用草莓提取物来减缓冰激凌融化的速度。 1 / 16 The ice creams (pictured), which are only for sale in parts of Japan, first hit stores in Kanazawain April before rolling out in Osaka and Tokyo 不目前，这种冰激凌已经在日本金泽当地开始销售，预计之后会把业务拓展到东京和大阪。过要是想在其他国家吃到这种冰激凌，恐怕还需要一段时间二、做个成年人有哪些好处No one can tell me what to do. 没人能对我指手画脚。Well, except mom. …除了我妈妈。嗯No one except my mom can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈没人能对我指手画脚。And maybe, girlfriend. 可能我女朋友可以。No one except my mom and my girlfriend can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈和女朋友没人能对我指手画脚。Well, my manager as well. …老板也可以。嗯No one except my mom, my girlfriend and my manager can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈、女朋友和老板没人能对我指手画脚。Also, the bank. 还有银行。No one except my mom, my girlfriend, my manager and my bank can tell
小学英语阅读100篇中英文对照45-46 45.A Careless Grandfather 粗心的祖父 My name is Jane.My grandfather is very careless. 我的名字叫简。我的祖父非常粗心。 He is a very clever man,but he never remembers little things. 他是一个非常聪明的人，但他从不记得小事情。 April27th is my birthday.My grandfather says to me,”I’m going to your home,and give you a present!" 4月27日是我的生日。我的祖父对我说：“我要来你家，给你一个礼物！” I'm very excited.I wait for him all day,but he doesn't come,so I phone him and ask why. 我非常兴奋。等了他一整天，但他没有来，因此我给他打电话问他为什么。 He answers,"Sorry,I went to the other granddaughter's house." 他回答说：“抱歉，我去了另一个孙女的家。” What a careless grandfather! 多粗心的一个祖父啊！ 46.Fish?Milk? 鱼？牛奶？ Fred is in his room.He is doing his homework. 佛瑞德在他的房间。他在做他的作业。 "Homework isn't nice,"he says to Tiger. “作业真不好玩。”它对老虎说。 "Tiger is my friend",he writes. “老虎是我的朋友，”它写道。 "He is my cat.He is small and black and his eyes are green.I give him fish and milk. ” “它是我的猫。它很小，是黑色的。它的眼睛是绿色的。我给它吃鱼和牛奶.” Tiger looks at Fred."Fish?Milk?" 老虎看着拂瑞德。“鱼？牛奶？” Fred says,"I can't come now.I can't give you food now. I'm working." 拂瑞德说，“我现在不能来。我现在不能给你食物，我在工作。” He writes,"He comes to my room and looks at me. And I give him fish and milk." 他写到：“它来我的房间看着我。我给了它鱼和牛奶。” Tiger says"Miaou." 老虎说：“喵。” "No,Tiger",Fred says,"I can't come now. I'm doing my homework ". “不，老虎，”拂瑞德说，“我现在不能来。我在做我的家庭作业。”
七年级上册英语作文范文： 1. My Friend（我的朋友） I have a good friend. Her name is May. She is 12 years old.Her telephone number is 87634966 Her birthday is March 5th. She is good at English and Chiese.She often plays the piano. She likes reading books and listening to the music. Her hobbies are reading and listening to music. She is a nice girl. We often help each other. We are good friends. 1.我有一个好朋友。她的名字叫梅。她 12 岁。她的电话号码是 87634966 。她的生日是 3 月 5日。她擅长英语和汉语。她经常弹钢琴。她喜欢看书和听音乐。她的爱好是读书和听音乐。 她是一个好女孩。我们经常互相帮助。我们是好朋友。 2.假设你是李枚，下面的照片是你的全家福，请你写一篇文章介绍你的家庭。 Hello,everyone!I'm LiMei.Look! This is my family photo. This is my grandmother. She is 58. This is my father. He is a teacher. He is 36. and my mother is 36, too. Who’ s that boy? Oh, he is my brother. He is 13 and I am 12. My brother and I are students. 2.大家好！我是 LiMei. 看！这是我的全家福。这是我的祖母。她58 岁。这是我的父亲。他是 一名教师。他 36 岁。我的母亲也是 36 岁。那个男孩是谁？哦，他是我哥哥。他13 岁，我 12 岁。我的哥哥和我都是学生。 3.假设这是 TOM 的房间，请你用 80 词左右介绍他的房间。 Look! This is Tom ’ s room. His photos are on the wall. -HisshirtT is on the bed. His baseball bat is behind the dresser. The keys are in the drawer. The computer is on the desk. Where is Tom’ s baseball? Oh, It’ s under the bed. What is on the floor? They are Tom’ s shoes, socks a games. What do you think of Tom’ s room? 3. 瞧！这是汤姆的房间。他的照片挂在墙上。他的T 恤在床上。他的棒球棒在梳妆台后面。 钥匙在抽屉里。计算机在书桌上。汤姆的棒球在哪里？哦，在床底下。地板上是什么？它们 是汤姆的鞋子，袜子和电脑游戏。你觉得汤姆的房间怎么样？
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics
统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws 经济法学Science of Economic Law 环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学Science of Military Law 政治学Political Science 政治学理论Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际****主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement 中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics 国际政治学International Politics 国际关系学International Relations 外交学Diplomacy 社会学Sociology
（按中文拼音首字母排序） B 暴民：mob 比拟法：analogical method 比例抽样：proportionate sample 不可知论：agnosticism 变态心理学：abnormal psychology 不完全归纳：incomplete induction 边际效用递减：law of diminishing marginal utility 柏拉图式爱情：Platonic love C 丛众：conformity 残疾人：the handicapped 参考书目：bibliography 参考群体：reference group 成人教育：adult education 初婚年龄：age at first marriage 垂直流动：vertical mobility 出身群体：descent group 抽样误差：sampling error 抽样范围：sampling frame 参与式观察：participant observation D 代沟：generation gap 对照分析：contrastive analysis 定性分析：qualititive analysis 定量分析：quantitative analysis 定额抽样：quota sample 多重人格：multiple personality 地位流动：status mobility 第一手资料：primary data 第二手资料：raw data 单因素实验：single-factor experiment 地域性流动：geographical mobility F 法人：fictitions person 反隔离：desegregation 犯罪学：criminology 父居家庭：patrilocal family 父系亲属：agnate 父子关系：filiation 分析性研究：analytical research 封闭式监管：close custody 封闭型问题：closed question 分层随机抽样：stratified random sample G 规范：norms 更年期：menopause 过激主义：ultraism 个案研究：case study 个人主义：individualism 归属需求：need to belong 个人崇拜：personality cult 功能主义：functionalism H 行话，黑话：argot 横坐标：abscissa 合理趋势：rational trend 霍桑效应：Hawthorne effect 婚姻调适：marriage adjustment 宏观分析：macroscopic analysis 黄金分割：golden section 互补角色：complementary role J 家谱：family religrees 截点：cut-off point 拒答率：refusal rate 绝对值：absolute value 监护人：chaperonage 角色冲突：role conflict 角色距离：role distance 角色紧张：role strain 金钱崇拜：mammon worship 间接暗示：indirect suggestion 价值中立：value free 价值判断：value judgement
中英文对照阅读12篇 P82 (1) Life is not easy, so I’d like to say, ”When anything happens, believe in yourself.” When I was 14, I was too nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often laughed at me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a wonderful idea! It meant I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my school. “Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” Th en, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I chose the topic “Believe in yourself”, I tried my best to remember all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could not believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and students and those classmates who once looked down upon me, now all said “Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried excitedly. Since then everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I will find myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country. 生活是不容易的，所以我想说，“无论发生什么事，相信自己。” 当我14岁时，我与任何人说话都很紧张。我的同学经常嘲笑我。我除了伤心还是伤心。后来，发生了一些事。它改变了我的生活。这是一个英语演讲比赛。妈妈鼓励我去参加。多么美妙的主意！这意味着我不得不在我校所有的老师和学生面前开口说话。 “来吧，孩子。相信自己。您肯定会赢。”于是，我和母亲讨论了很多不同的主题。最后我选择的题目是“相信自己”，我尽全力记住所有的演讲内容，操练了100次以上。在伟大母爱的支持下，我在比赛中表现出色。当消息传来，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，我赢得了第一名。我听到了来自老师和同学，包括那些曾经看低我的同学的欢呼声，现在所有人对我说： “祝贺！”。我母亲拥抱着我，热泪盈眶。 从那时起，对我而言一切都改变了。当我做任何事，我都有自信心。这是真的，不仅适 用于个人，也是适用于一个国家。 P83 (2) Dear Editor(编辑): I am not a good-looking boy and I’m not good at studying, either. Some people don’t even want to talk t o me. So I usually feel lonely. Sometimes I think that if I wanted to leave home, nobody would care. How can I stop feeling like this? Peter Dear Peter,
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period
Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文 主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3.Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6.The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一 个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7.The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9.Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文 家。 (I)Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞 10.the theme of Redcrosse is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic-“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”《仙后》的主题并非“男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。 11.It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets? poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。(II)Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.马洛 12.As the most gifted of the “University Wits,” Marlowe composed six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II.马洛是当时“大学才子”中最富才华的人，在他短暂的一生中，他完成了六部剧本的创作。其中最负盛名的是：《帖木尔》，《浮士德博士的悲剧》，《马耳他岛的犹太人》以及《爱德华二世》。 13.Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama.马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式。14.Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.马洛的第二项贡献 是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。
励志小故事 1、上帝那里没有现成的果实 三个人千辛万苦找到了上帝，请求他给予帮助。上帝问他们各需要什么。第一个人说他要一座大宅院；第二个人说，他要一个农庄；第三个人说他要一块大金条。上帝说他可以满足他们的需要。于是上帝给了第一个人一堆砖头，给了第二个人一把种子，给了第三个人一把沙子。 No Ready-made Fruit in God’s Hand Three guys finally got the God through trials and errors. They were eager to ask God for help. Right after the God asked what they want, the first man claim a big yard, the second a farmstead, and the third a bar of gold. God promised them. At last, the first man was given a pile of bricks, the second a bag of seed and the third a mass of sand. 2、虫子的压力 有这么一种虫子，它的体长还不到一毫米，也许因为在电子显微镜下看起来像一头黑熊，所以人们叫它雄虫。它主要生活在淡水的沉渣，潮湿土壤以及苔藓植物的水膜中。最近日本冈山大学物理学家小野文久发现了一个惊人的现象：当20只小熊虫被放入密封的容器内，在实验室制造的7.5万个大气压下，20只熊虫只有两只死亡，其余的18只安然无恙。7.5万个大气压！它相当于每平方豪米要承受700多千克重物的压力，它足以上淀粉瞬间变性，生米顷刻为熟饭。自然条件下，地球上也只有180千米的地幔深处才拥有如此大的压力。 至今没有人能弄清楚熊虫为何如此能忍。不只是出于对这种超强生命力的尊重还是怀疑，有人叫它地狱之虫。一个长度不超过1毫米的微不足道的虫子，能承受命运给他如此的压力，相比较而言，我们这些自称是高级动物，智慧生命，万物之灵的人呢？在人的现实生活中，有多少小小的心结，小小的压力构成我们所谓的生存压力。在这样的压力下又有多少悲观失落之人将美好的人生称作地狱？现在一比才觉得，其实我们的压力就好比是真空，我饿美女的地狱就是天堂中的天堂。在那一刻，我在心里默默地鞠了一躬，不是为熊虫，而是感谢造物主没有把这样的压力降在人间。 Worm’s Pressure This is a worm whose body is no less than one millimeter. It is called 熊虫(XC) perhaps for the reason that it looks like a black bear under the microscop. The XC usually habited in the slurry of fresh water, wet soil and the 水膜of moss plants. Recently, there was an amazing news discovered by 日本冈山大学物理学家小野文久: when 20 little XC were placed in a sealed container under the 7.5 万个大气压making in experiment condition, there were only two died and the other 18 have no trouble at all. 7.5 万个大气压, equal to over 700 kilogram stress per square meter, which is powerful enough to它足以上淀粉瞬间变性and the rice ready to eat. In natural condition, this pressure can only be found in the 地幔beneath the earth 180 kilogram. Till now, nobody have an idea about the tolerance of XC. Someone also call it worm of hell out of admiration or suspicion. A worm, with its length less than one millimeter, is able to bear so heavy stress. Comparatively, we human beings, the so-called advanced animal, wisdom and genius of all, can do that? In our real lives, so much little minds, little stress has made up our living stress. How many pessimistic and disappointed people compare the beautiful life to the miserable hell under this pressure? By comparing, I suddenly realized that our stress is just like the vacuum and the hell is the heaven in heaven. At that moment, I made a bow in my mind. Not for XC, but for the freedom of this stress in the world made by the creator. 3、豪华大厦意味着衰落 珀金森的“办公大楼法则”是：某个组织的办公大楼设计得越完美，装饰得越豪华，该组织离解题的时间越进。
软件工程专业词汇中英 对照 The manuscript was revised on the evening of 2021
Acceptance Testing－－可接受性测试一般由用户/客户进行的确认是否可以接受一个产品的验证性测试。 actual outcome－－实际结果被测对象在特定的条件下实际产生的结果。 Ad Hoc Testing－－随机测试测试人员通过随机的尝试系统的功能，试图使系统中断。 algorithm－－算法一个定义好的有限规则集，用于在有限步骤内解决一个问题；（2）执行一个特定任务的任何操作序列。 algorithm analysis－－算法分析一个软件的验证确认任务，用于保证选择的算法是正确的、合适的和稳定的，并且满足所有精确性、规模和时间方面的要求。 Alpha Testing－－Alpha测试由选定的用户进行的产品早期性测试。这个测试一般在可控制的环境下进行的。 analysis－－分析分解到一些原子部分或基本原则，以便确定整体的特性；（2）一个推理的过程，显示一个特定的结果是假设前提的结果；（3）一个问题的方法研究，并且问题被分解为一些小的相关单元作进一步详细研究。 anomaly－－异常在文档或软件操作中观察到的任何与期望违背的结果。 application software－－应用软件满足特定需要的软件。 architecture－－构架一个系统或组件的组织结构。 ASQ－－自动化软件质量（Automated Software Quality）使用软件工具来提高软件的质量。 assertion－－断言指定一个程序必须已经存在的状态的一个逻辑表达式，或者一组程序变量在程序执行期间的某个点上必须满足的条件。assertion checking－－断言检查用户在程序中嵌入的断言的检查。 audit－－审计一个或一组工作产品的独立检查以评价与规格、标准、契约或其它准则的符合程度。 audit trail －－审计跟踪系统审计活动的一个时间记录。 Automated Testing－－自动化测试使用自动化测试工具来进行测试，这类测试一般不需要人干预，通常在GUI、性能等测试中用得较多。 Backus-Naur Form－－BNF范式一种分析语言，用于形式化描述语言的语法 baseline－－基线一个已经被正式评审和批准的规格或产品，它作为进一步开发的一个基础，并且必须通过正式的变更流程来变更。 Basic Block－－基本块一个或多个顺