Un it 2
Section one
Tactics for Listening
Part 1 Part 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent a. If s or top of the bookcase.
b. With milk, please.
c. At five past one.
d* At five past ore.
e. It's or top of the bookcase.
L With milk, please.
Part 2 Listening and Note-taking Exercise:
l.f 2. c 6.d
3. e
4. b
5. a
Ralph Nader
Ralph Nader is a man of 他w possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn^ have a car or a TV set He doesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makes a lot of money he gives it away He doesn*t smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night、seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.
When he went to parties as a young man, people complained tliat all he uDccd about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year After he graduated from Harvard, he puhlished an article entitled ** Unsafe at Any Speed J which was about a car called Corvair, Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer In 1966, because of Nadefs work, a law was passed to make car safer After this success, Nader became interested in something very different- This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later in 1967, again because of Na Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country ? Exercise A: * 1 ? Ralph Nader is a man of few possessions. ?2? He is paying back to America his debt as a citizen. ?3? He said new laws were needed to make cars safer ?4? A law was passed to ensure that producls like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat. ? 5. Ralph Nader has set a wonderful example of what determined men and wome n can do to imp rove the Quality of life in their country. Exercise B D. tti 1966, betauie of Nader's wurL, m law \十已$ p 齢Z tu "lake gr 診LifbiL llh JiitepeslA iLisuDielliijig very diffejeiit A. Tlic q 「ualiLy uf iiiccit oiid ttic UJJHJLUI L uf iitml diul is pul LL juuihi ^ikc iidu 卸岂c* and hamburgers B. In 196S> three mere laws HCK pavted bccciu^e of Nader's cflfbrta. a. The first was to rAt?铠他-亦ge/ pipeUmw* b The fiicond was to protect fjeejj 晁 frajn 牺点r 竝ow 一 C H The third WDS to rhe RFOM 軍貝他Mard 曲g*甘“ IV\ R^lph Nader, one of the mo^t mfluentiul p eop1e in the United States A. He has set a wonderful example of wlial det^nntn (? to fw^nayg thw tfujlity 感f 也 Z B their tyjanAy Section Two Listening Comp rehension Ralph \adcr I. Ralph Nader^ a rmn of ft 刊 possessions A. He 0WHS ygrv iittU and lives in a 静nail 盘puFftn 亡ttL B. He doesn't have a (w or a TV jieL C. He doesnl liave 砂fuu 血功鱼* D. Ek doesn't care about mancy. II. His early efihrts to make car sater He talked about lite dangers 吋 Ear* vxl how had car 血?初 eausM 施 她虹即 $0 manyp&wk 册ich 艸F at parties. Alter he gr Later, he made a big attack on 血 mr ift 伽try and showed 启mo 砂 血JF 侶 済 car 血'匕城71 岛’W 囂比 beriLLUjt: of batiigFUid 社 CUF ,. A, a. c. Dialogue 1 Give them time to gel to know you Father; Well, whose fault do /ou think it i&, then? Daughter： I donl know. Father: It couldnl be yours? Daughter; What? Tihai I feel lonely because I hav&r'i any fmends Ihere? Father: No, thai you haven't got any friends” Daughter: But Fve told you! The/re not yery fniendlly there- They never talk to me! They just leawe me alone. Father: But why? Daughter; How shouildl II know? Father：Isn't it possible it's because you re not very friendly towards them? Daughter: Whal do you mean? Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation? Daughter: rvc told you! The/re not interested in talking to me. Father: How do you know? Daughter Because …for example …al lunch tim&, they all sit logelher in groups! Father: Yes, but why don't you sit with one of the groups? LT 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.1 Dialogue 2 (；c、 tur(?s Number 1 Woman: Man: Number 2 Man: You know, a "nod" — moving your head up and down — means ''yes*' in most places, but not everywhere- Did you know that in Greece a nod means "no"? It means "110* in Greece? Tm surprised. Woman: Man: Woman: Number 3 Woman: I didn't know ^'raised eyebrows*' means "ye 屮in Tonga. It means semething very difterent in Peru. Yeah? What does h mean there? Money "Raised eyebrows" is a gesture for money in Peni. Htnm. Man: Woman: Man: Um, Alberto, you said that "tapping your head*' means "I'm thinking" in Argentina, That's right- You'd better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy. OK it means "crazy八in Canada? 1 didn't know that. Til be careful. Number 4 Man: Woman: Man: Woman; Numbers Woman: You know, its interesting that in the Netherlands, ^tapping your elbow" means you can't depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture^ but it has a different meaning. What does it mean in Colombia? Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn*t tike to spend money Oh. Man: Woman; Man: Woman: Man: Number 6 Man: Woman; Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Here's an interesting one. You know how "circling your head" means that a person's crazy? Yeah. Guess what it means in the Netherlands. The Netherlands? I have no idea. It means someone is calling on the telep hone- You know, like dialing a phone. That's interesting. So ^'flicking your chin** means **go away" in Italy, right Yes. Guess what it means in Brazil. In Brazil? I don't know. Thafs right. Huh? In Qrazit "flicking your chin*' means "1 don't know." **L don't know'* is the meaning? Right. Number 7 Woman: Man: Woman; Man: Woman; Number K Man: Woman: Welk everything is '^thumbs up” for my trip to Nigeria. IVe never been to Africa before. lYn really looking forward to it. Ah you'd better be carelul with that expression in Nigeria. Huh? Thumbs up- In Nigeria, h means … um ... welt it has a very bad meaning. Don't use that gesture. It will get you into a lot of trouble. Oh. thanks for telling me. Man: Woman:You said ''tossing your head'* means "come here" for Germans? That's right. But there axe some othei meanings. In India, it means *'yes/* But it has the opposite meaning in Italy. In Italy it means 八no』 Hmm, "yes'' in India, "no" in Italy it interesting how the same thing can have suchdifl^rent meanings? It sure is. [Gesture Mcuning Country Xod Nod(Yes) (No) Raised eyebrows(Yes) Raised eyebrows(For money) Tapping your head(I'm thinking) Tapping your head(Crazy) Tapping your elbow(Can* t depend on someone) Tapping your elbow(That person doesn't like to spend money) Circling your head(Someone is calling on the telephone) Flicking your chin(Go away) Flicking your chin(I don* t know) Thumbs up(It has very bad meaning Tossing your head(Come here) Tossing your head(Yes) Tossing your head(No) Mos匸?places Argentina Brazil Canada _______ Colombia Germany ______ Greece India Italy Tonga Netherlands Nigeria Peru Part 2 Passage Why Should n't You Go By First Imp ressio ns? One shouldn't akvays go by* first imp re 砧ions. Jn my hojnetown there lived A giant of a man with huge hands and a maniier so fierce and unfriendly that he alw^ays sat alone in any public place. Yet io those who knew him, he a kind and generous fl-icnd. In the same way one was should, never assume* tfuit somebody who look斤inoffensive k itways going to behave in an inoffensive jiianne 匚I^ecently my young brother^ who wc^rks for a ■famous American airline^ was reminded of this truth.. The plane was overbooked aiul for once all the passengers tu.me Knowing That the young are generally imp atient and often aggressive, luy brother clx?se three elderly travellers^ an English couple and a little old Anierican lady. The English coupie acce卩ted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the nexT flight Then my broth ef npproacbed the American lady, whose name was Mrs P epper, with a sad smile on hi虽face, **fvlrs P■epper? May I have a few w^ords? I'm atrnid we have a problem/ pfoblem? What de ynu mcam we have a 卩roblem, young man?* “Would you like to come into the office** asked my brother, sensing that this was not going to be easy. %)h$ very well, but only for a moment. 1 have a plane to catch 、you Icnow.** "Er …yes?* My brother explained the poskion. rhe little lady looked at him with steely blue eyes. "Young man/ she wdd. T don't believe you are aware that you are talking to Mrs Katherine Pepper, widow of General Arnold Pepper, of the United States Army Air Force and rd like to inibmi you, further, that the President of your airline was a p ersonal friend of the General's. In the circumstances fd advise you to sort this out* right awa^ otherwise you're going to be in a lot of trouble. Do I nuke myself clear?** Exercise A: Appcarances are often deceptive. In this the reason why we shouldn't go by first Exercise B; LC 2? D 3? A 4? B 5. C Exercise C: 1 ? To those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend* 2. Recently the narratofs brother, who works for a famous American airline, remembered the truth that the plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So he had the difficult Usk of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn't travel on the flight in question. 3. The nanator^s brother chose three elderly travellers^ an English coupie and a little old American lady. 4. The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the next flight. 5. The little old American lady advised the young man to sort out tlie prohlein right away, otherwise he would be in a lot of trouble. passage. ihe two examples tell us impressions. 6? D LA & B News Item 1 ? The simultaneous bombings of three underground trains and a double-decker bus in Lon don three years ago are well remembered by many people in Britain. ? Bui our memories of the attacks cannot be trusted, according to a study from Portsmouth University. When questioned about the events 40% of British students remembered seeing CCTV foolage of the bus bomb — footage which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non-existent computerized reconstruction. Some even recalled specific details of the attacks, which none of them witnessed- James Ost, the lead researcher, therefore concluded that memories are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decision. ?Exercise A ?This news item is about the false memories that British DeoDle Z?aye about the attacks happened in London three years日go. piesimulxaheoos bombings of underground "士磁虫壬…- bus in London three yean ago art well remcnARd people in Britain, But our memories of the attacks cannot be trusted, arording to a study from Portsmouth University. When questioned ibca the events 40% of British students remembered seeing CCTV fboi|p of ihe bus 5omb —fbougc which never existed. A further 28% clairaerfwfeavc seen a non-exuM computerized reconstruction. Some even 亠购..... spe- cific the attacks, which none of them …. Ost, the lead researcher, therefore concluded that memoricac no： rrli二 able to form the basis of.…删一.dedsion. News Item 2 ?China begins three days of mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan province, with a three-minute silenee and half-mast flags. ?For three minutes a collective wail* was heard across the town of Betchuan as air raid sire ns* and car horns sounded the exact lime when the earthquake hit China one week ago. Workers here laid wreaths* outside the town's schooL At 2:28 in th? afternoon, last Monday, it was engulfed* in a landslide*, hundreds of children died ?To the side of the mourners, bodies lay waiting to be buried. Rescue work, now resumed and two women were found alive here this moming, but these glimmers* of hope are increasingly rare. The aftershocks* conti nue. ?Exercise A: ?This news item is about the mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan, China. B: 1 ? The Chinese people mourned the earthquake victims with three- minute silence and half-mast flags. ? 2. At 2:28 p.m., last Monday, ? 3. Hundreds of children were killed in a Iandslide. ? 4? The hope o( finding more people alive were increasingly rare. ? 5. No, aftershocks continued. News item 3 Indonesia is expected to announoe stromger security measuires Wednesday after a deadly bombing in Jakarta?. At least 13 people were killed when a car bomb exploded near a hotel, 149 people were injured. The hotel is operatedi by a United States company. The governor of Jakarta said it was very likely that the bomber was killed lin the attack. Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited the damagedl hotel Buildings nearby also were damaged. The explosion comes 2 days before an Ind on ecian court decides the first case connected to the deadly bombings last year in Bali*. Those attacks killed 202 people. ? Exercise A; -This news item is about 2fid senous bombing th日t took dace i/i IndGnes? within 2 yeas* ? Exercise B: -tF 2T 3F 4. F 5 T 6. T Section 3 Oral Work Retelling ? As Susan and her daughter Jenny walked around the park they were hounded oy beggars. The girl was shocked when she saw a skeletal young beggar woman wrapped in a gray shawl*. Her eyes were sunken* and she held out a bony hand 11 like she was receiving communion, As she did, her shawl felll away revealing a youngi chiiild standing under it. Jenny just started Ihrowing her money into thal bon/ hand. Sussn grabbed her before she could start laking olf her jewelry, and the mother decided lo have a talk with her about the beggars when ihey got back TO tre hotel ?They boarded the rAiurn bus. They were stopped at a red Hghi wtien Jenny stood straight up and screamed, "Mother? Susan went to her window and she poimtEd to s taxi next to the bus. There, in air conditioned comfort, sat the beggar woman with lher chiiid next to her’ eating an ice creami cone. Section 4SUPP lementary Exercises Passage 1 * GolleaE Co联s in 山e U?5? A new report says the cost of studies at public colleges in the United Slates increased 14 percent this year” This is the biggest increase in tuition? in 30 years. But the study also found that the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education, because of gran1s\ And it points out that American students received a record amount of financial aid last year Students do not have to repay girants, unlike tinancial aid in the form of loans. About halt o1 American college students receive grants. This means that education! costs differ fro rm studeinl to student. The report is from the College Board. This is a non-profil membership group of schools and other educational organizations, One of its best-known jobs is to administer* college entrance Tests. The College Board says tuition at two-year publlic colleges rose al the same rate as four-years schools. ?The College Board says the increases were mainly caused by cuts in state spending on educalion. But a congressman says colleges have increased iheir prices in both good and badl economic times. John iBaehner of Ohio is chairman of lhe House Committee on Education and lhe Workforce. He says colleges do not want ro talk about their decisions to spend money to build things like rock-clliimbing walls. -The College Board collected linformation from 4,000 colllieges and universities. It says the average lotal charge for students who live al a public college in their slate is 10*600 dollars. While luition rose Upercenl this year,, housing and other costs increased at a lower rate. ?At a private college, total charges are almost 27,000 dollars. That is an in crease of about si* peircent over last year ?David Ward is p resident of the American Council on Educationi. His group represents colleges and universities. Mister Ward called the College Board findiiings bad news. But he says percenlage increases in tuition do not tell the whole story. Hie says there was good news about grants and other stud Ent aid. ■ The College Board says financial aid for the Hast school year reached 105,000 million dollars. That amount was up sharply from the year before. Exercise A: 1 ? Because of grants, the average student pays a lot less than the puWished costs of a college education. 2.Two forms of financial aid for the students are grants and loans, 3.When studenls receive loans they have to repay them later. 4.The increases in tuition are mainly caused by cuts in state spending on education. 5.The total charge for the students who live at a college in eludes tuition, housing and other 8sts. Exercise B: 1.This year the cost of studies at public colleges in the United Slates increased 74 percent. 2.The average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10,600dollars. While at a private college, total charges are almost 27.000dollars. 3.The above information is collected from 4.000 colleges and universities. 4.It is said that this year's increase in the cost of studies is the biggest one in 竝years. 5.American students received a record amount of financial aid last year, which reached 705000 million dollars- Passage 2 My Grandfather -I opened the ctoor. Miy g「andfalher was in the front room. He was wearing the ceremonial beaded deerskin shirt wtiich had belonged to his grandfalher ' Welcome back," he said. -I embraced my parents warmly,, lletling go only when I saw my cousiin Roger sprawled on the couch. His eyes were red and swollen. He'd lost weight. His teet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning, "I made it, seo I'm a warrior," -My grandfather looked at me strangel/. I was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy. My parents got the message. My uncle andi aunt gazed at me with hoslility. -Fiinall/ my grandfathier asked, "Whal did you eat to keep you so well?" I suck命in my breath and blurted* out the truth: 'Hamburgers and milk shakes '' *"Hamburgersr my grandfather growled', ?"Milk shakes'!* Roger moaned. -"Vou didn't say we had to eat grasshoppers；' I said sheepishly. -"Telllll us about your Ta-Na-E*Ka/' my grandfather commanded. -I told them everything, from borrowing th? five dollars, to Ernie's kindness, to observing the beaver. -*'Thafs not what I (rained /ou for," iny grandfather said sadly. ■ I stoodi up. ^Grandfather, I learned that Ta-Na-E-Ka is important. I didn1 think so during irainiog. I was scared stitf ol it. I handled it my way. There's no reason m 1947 to cat grasshoppers when you can eal a harrborger." ?I was hwardly shocked at m/ own audacity*. "Grandfaiher, I'll bel youi irbewer ate one of those rottgn bomes you词f." ?Grardfathor laughed! ?"Those berries —ne/ are terrib e? Grandlaiher admfited. "I cou d rr swallow ihem. I found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka — shot by a soldier, probably ——and lhe hept my belly lull For the entire period ol IMe testr ?My grandtaUier calilGd me Lo Roger. 'You should have done whai your cousin did. But I think you are mofe a'llert ta what is happem ng to our people today than we are. I think you would have passed the lest under any drctmslances, io any time Somehow, you (knov^f how to exiisl in a 7/orld th al wasnt made for Indians. I don't think you're going to have any twublo surviving." A：Ta-Na-E-Ka is an endurance ritual.It is a serious of difficult activities that help children prove they can be strong adults.The actual ceremony varies from tribe to tribe,but since the Indi' life on the pl ains is dedicated to survival,Ta-Na-E-Ka is a test of survival and endurance is the loftiest virtue of the Indian. ? Exercise B -1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C ? 5, D6, B 7. B 8. D ? Exercise C: ? 1 ? Her grandfather was in the front room. ? 2. He sprawled on lhe couch with red and swollen eyes. He lost weight, his feet being an unsightly mass of blood blisters. He was moani ng. ?3- She was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy, ?4- At that lime, he found a dead deer on the first day of his Ta-Na-E- Ka- This deer might have been shot by a soldier, and it kept her grandfathers belly full for the entire period of the test. ?5? The writer's grandfather told her that she should have done what her cousin did, but he thought she was more alert lo what was happening to the people today than lhey were. He thought she would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, she knew how to exist in a world that wasrTt made for Indians. He didn't think she was going to have any trouble surviving. * Daughter: Don't be silly. I couldn't. It would be awful! *Facher: why? *Daughter: Hit just would That's allll. *Father: How do you know? -Daughter II just doS *Father: Well, you'll never make friends if you don't try, will you? I mean, youto got to moor thorn, too, at least half way. *Daughter Hit just wouWnl work! *Father: You know what I think. I Ihink youVe just saying that because youVe impatiicnt. *Daughter lllmpalient*^ Me? -Father; Yes, impatienl. You always have been, evei since you weie a child* If you don't get what you want immediately, you get depresseri and /ou give up loo easily! -Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morningt youd understand ... *Father: You've only been there lor four weeks. These things take time. *Daughter; I know, but I still feel *Father: Listen, give them lime to gel to know you …and give yourself lime get to know them, and things will change- Believe mef
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