Mother Nature pulled out all the stops for Switzerland, a little country with a lifetime supply of natural splendour. Many of the country’s natural wonders are situated on the Grand Tour or just a short detour away. From the oldest national park in the Alps to spectacular rock formations like Creux du Van and the world-famous Matterhorn, Switzerland never fails to amaze and enthral visitors with its remarkable diversity and nature that is pristine, powerful and perfect.
大自然为瑞士，这个拥有一世不竭的自然宏景的小国，创造了许多流连之地。瑞士的许多自然景观大致位于大旅途的路线之上，有的也只需绕一点路。从阿尔卑斯山上的国家公园，到壮丽宏伟的岩石景观马蹄谷和世界闻名的马特峰，瑞士凭借其千变万化的方式，原始瑰丽的自然，一直吸引游客流连忘返。
Switzerland bubbles over with water features, with 122 glaciers, 6750 lakes and more than 65,000 km of rivers and streams shaping the country like nowhere else in Europe. The Grand Tour takes you right to the source, revealing water in its different guises and the striking landscapes it has formed. The route leads to 22 lakes, to the Rh?ne and Aletsch glaciers, along mighty rivers and to the most impressive viewpoints high above raging white waters.
瑞士拥有丰富的水资源，122条冰川，6750座湖泊，超过65000千米长的川河溪流，使得瑞士在欧洲独一无二。大旅途将带你溯源而上，揭秘水的不同面貌，以及水所塑造出的神奇地貌。路线中，囊括了22座湖泊，直达隆河和阿莱奇冰川，沿着壮阔的河流一直到位于汹涌的雪白激流之上最令人叹为观止的视角。
Switzerland has always kept a tight grip on its vibrant, colourful and quirky traditions. The country’s linguistic and cultural diversity and its remote valleys have given rise to a huge and fascinating array of local customs and festivities, many of which still thrive today. From music and cuisine to handicrafts and Alpine life, Swiss traditions open up a whole new world on the Grand Tour of Switzerland.
瑞士向来重视其生动富丽又诡谲的传统。这个国家的语言与文化多样性，以及那些偏僻的峡谷，创造出一系列大型且别开生面的地方习俗与庆典，许多存留至今。从音乐饮食，到手工及高山生活，瑞士的传统为瑞士之旅开创了崭新的篇章。
Urban, eclectic and impressive, Swiss cities entice visitors with their rich history, cultural and culinary diversity, and compact scale –almost everywhere is within walking distance. Here you’ll find architectural gems, outstanding museums, lakefront promenades and Old Town alleyways lined with cafes, boutiques and speciality shops. But Swiss cities are also alluring because of their incredible proximity to nature.
Between Neuchatel and Bern, Switzerland is so picturesque that you can even take brilliant photos with your eyes closed. The Grand Tour leads from shimmering blue lakes to classic pre-Alpine landscapes that are like something out of a fairytale, with charming traditions, culinary specialities and enchanting surprises. The legendary resort of Gstaad offers a slice of Alpine luxury before you head on to the world-famous trio of Eiger, M?nch and Jungfrau and the Swiss capital.
With its steep slopes, turquoise water and majestic peaks crowning the horizon, Lake Brienz is simply stunning. A paddle steamer cruise affords grandstand views of the scenery. With the wind in your hair and the sun in your face, you can take in the natural wonders of the lake in beautiful slow motion, such as the wild, romantic Giessbach Falls. The falls cascade over several tiers and plunge 500 m into the crystal-clear depths of the lake. Or hop aboard the oldest cogwheel steam train in Switzerland, which trundles from Brienz up to Brienzer Rothorn, where you can enjoy the best views of the lake and the sublime Alpine panorama.
第八章 旅游文本中典故、诗词、俗语、楹联等的翻译 第一模块：热身练习 翻译下列文本，看旅游文本中一些文化现象在翻译中该如何处理： 1.whicheven part of Scotland takes you fancy,history is never far away.You feel it in the brooding presence of Glencoe,evocative of that treacherous night in 1692 when Campbell soldiers slaughtered MacDonads as they slept. You touch it when you hike tyrough the hills and stumble across the ruins of a deserted shieling. You see it in the weatherworm stones of turreted castales. You hear in in rousing Border ballads and haunting Hebridean melodies. 1.苏格兰令人心仪的地方都连着一段历史。置身格伦科山谷，会感到历史之森然。1692年那个背信弃义的冬夜，坎贝尔上尉率兵趁麦克唐纳族人熟睡时将他们杀害。穿越绵绵山丘，偶见荒屋废墟时，能触摸到历史的脉搏。在古堡塔楼那些风雨侵蚀的石块上，会看见历史的印记。在动人的边区歌谣和难忘的赫布里底音乐中，会听见历史的回音。 2.Englishman Lesline Stephen wass one of the true pioneers of mountaineering. In 1871, when tourism in Switzerland was still in its infancy,he publishesd a book on climbing in the Swiss Alps, aptly titled The Playground of
状语从句翻译练习
1. 他喜欢去有海的地方旅游。 2. 请把这些书放回原处（它们原来所在的地方）。 3. 因为昨晚下雨了，所以地面很湿。 4. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面很湿。 5. 既然大家都明白了，咱们开始吧。 6. 孩子们一边唱歌一边跳舞。 7. 为了能赶上第一班车，他很早就起床了。 8. 他起床很早，结果赶上了第一班车。 9. 他立刻关掉电源以防火灾。 10. 老人气得说不出话来了。 11. 天太热，大家都去游泳了。 12. 假如没有水，会发生什么呢？ 13. 我不会其参加那个聚会的，除非受到邀请。 14. 只要你相信我，我会帮你实现目标的。 15. 一旦你失去信心，就会失去一切。 16. 孩子虽小，可他很懂事。 17. 即使人人都这么说，我还是不愿相信这是真的。 18. 不管你同意与否，我都会选择这所大学。 19. 无论你是谁，都要出示通行证。 20. 无论你走到哪里，我都会和你在一起。 21. 请按照我告诉你的去做这个实验。 22. 他说起话来像个姑娘似的。 23. 我没他跑得快。 24. 他们来得比我们早。 25. 你听英语越多，你的口语就越好。 26 . 当你离开教室的时候，不要忘记关窗和灯。 27. 从两年前离开上海以来，一直住在伦敦。 28. 昨天珍妮一到家，天就开始下雨了。 29. 这个婴儿直到看见他妈妈才停止哭泣。 30. 今天晚上我不去参加聚会了因为我有很多作业要做。 31 因为期末考试还剩下一周的时间了，同学们都很忙。（there be to go） 32 由于这些产品都具备相似的效果，你可以任选一款。 33 他坐到老人的对面以便听得更清楚。（so that） 34.似乎过了好一会儿才轮到我。 35.趁早努力学习。 36.结婚未满月，夫妻已反目。
1 绪论 近年来，旅游业已经成为中国最具活力且发展最快的产业之一。中国以其美丽的自然风光，悠久的历史和灿烂的文化正吸引着越来越多的外国游客。旅游业是一个综合性的产业，有着丰富的文化内涵。正是由于异域不同的文化气息，才吸引着大批的外国游客来旅游。但在另外一方面, 文化的差异在某些方面又成为旅游的障碍，不同的文化思维和文化视角会造成不可避免的“文化碰撞”, 给旅游活动的开展带来不少困难。旅游翻译是为英语国家读者或懂英语的游客服务的，其目的除了传播信息外，更要吸引游客的注意力，诱发潜在旅游者对旅游目的地文化，人文或自然景观等产生强烈兴趣，激发其购买旅游产品的欲望。这就要求我们在旅游翻译过程中，尽量加强和增进在文化内涵异同的情况下,读(听)者心目中的可理解性，缩短由于缺乏理解甚至误解所产生的障碍和距离。我们应该认识到，文化有着同一性和共通性, 大部分情况下不同文化背景下的人都能够正常的交流，这是主流。因此在旅游业中, 我们应该尽量避免出现文化的“碰撞”促成文化的正常交融，让旅游者感受到异域文化的独特色彩和韵味。所以旅游景点的翻译者必须站在跨文化的高度，从跨文化的视角来对待旅游英语翻译，只有这样才能促进中国旅游业的蓬勃发展。
2旅游翻译中的文化因素 2.1旅游翻译简介 旅游是集多种学科于一身的边缘科学，涉及面既广又杂，从自然科学到社会科学, 从天文地理到风土人情，甚至文化娱乐、吃穿用住，真可谓无所不包，无所不有。因此, 旅游资料也涉及多种知识,多种体裁。旅游资料种类很多,旅游资料指的是那些和旅游相关的资料，包括广告，书信，旅游日程安排及旅游调解书，旅游告示标牌，民族风情画册，景点介绍，通知电讯，有关合同，旅游标语等内容。旅游资料包罗万象，大致可以分成两大类:文化内涵丰富的材料与一般性的材料。此两类又可以细分为七种类型:(1)介绍景点与旅游目的地地理位置与旅游价值的小册子;(2)景区画册;(3)景区风景明信片;(4)旅游地图;(5)旅游杂志;(6)详细介绍单个景点的资料;(7)游客须知/告示，由此可见，旅游资料涵盖了多种信息与知识，文化内涵极其丰富。旅游资料的译文，是跨国界、跨文化的旅游宣传形式，它是传播文化的载体，旅游资料具有信息功能、美感功能、祈使功能，旅游资料的翻译属“呼唤鼓动”文稿，有宣传鼓动、施加影响的功能，这是不可忽视的语用因素。旅游资料的文字介绍以优美的表达方式来传达其诱人的信息，达到令游客心驰神往，欲一睹为快的祈使功能，迎来大批观光览胜的海外游客，促进旅游业的发展。结合中、西文化差异及旅游资料自身的特点，我认为在其翻译中应遵循以下原则：一、以中文旅游资料为本，在翻译时要吃透原文，即要准确传达原文中的信息，又要表现出原文的文化渊源与文化色彩。二、以旅游资料的译文为重点，即译文忠实于原文又不拘泥于原文，灵活运用各种翻译技巧，进行文字的转换与文化的播迁。 2.2旅游文化的介绍 由于不同的国家有着不同的文化，东西方文化在思维方式、传统习俗、价值观念、地理环境、文化心理、等方面存在着较大差异。这些差异会使人们在跨文化交际中产生一些误解，从而出现沟通受阻，合作受挫，交际失败的现象。文化因素可能导致交际失败，但是这并不等于说，文化之间的交流是不可行的。无论何种类型的旅游资料中都包含着丰富的文化内涵，因为旅游和文化有着千丝万缕的联系,提到旅游就必然要涉及旅游文化和文化旅游。旅游创造了文化，文化丰富了旅游，旅游和文化是不可分割的。这就让旅游资料的翻译充满了挑战，旅游英语的翻译是跨文化性质最典型，跨文化特色最
Assignment: 1.河道、瓦房和石桥组合成了位于上海西侧的周庄，这是淀山湖畔一个风景如画的水乡小 镇。 Zhouzhuang is a small canal town located on the west of Shanghai. The combinations of waterways, tiled houses and stone bridges make up a picturesque view for the shore of Dianshan Lake. A web of waterways, tiled houses and stone bridges holds together Zhouzhuang, a small canal town located on the picturesque shores of the Dianshan Lake, west of shanghai 2.西湖周围有公园、茶馆、旅店，还有清新的空气、秀丽的景致、宁静的气氛、绿树成荫 的街道和拱形的石桥，构成了人们心目中的“中国风景”。 Around West Lake, there are parks, teahouses and hotels. With the fresh air, the inviting views, the pleasant shade and the arched bridges, the elegant environment make it a Chinese Scenery in everyone’s mind. Around the west lake, the air is clear, the landscape green and tranquil, and the avenues of willows and arched stone bridges conform to everyone’s idea of what Chinese scenery should look like. 3.绍兴的鉴湖，湖水清澈，风景秀丽，故又名镜湖。 Because of its clear water and inviting views, the Jianhu in Shaoxing is also known as Mirror Lake. The Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing is also known as Mirror Lake for its crystal clear water and picturesque landscape around. 4.这里不仅民族风情浓郁，同时还是一片具有生命灵气的宝地，草原辽阔，山水环绕。梅 里雪山主峰卡格博，屹立于迪庆西北，海拔6740米，是迪庆的最高点，也是云南第一峰，终年雪冠冰氅，云缠雾罩。 Having a strong flavor of local ethnic color, the prefecture boasts a scenic landscape with surrounding mountains and winding rivers and streams. As the dominant peak of Meili Mountain, the Kagebo Peak is outstanding at the northwest of Diqing with the height of 6740 meters above the sea level . Being covered by snow and surrounded by mist all year, it is known as the first peak of Y unnan province, Radiating with the local ethnic colors of ethnic minorities, the Prefecture boasts a scenic landscapes with surrounding mountains and winding rivers and streams. The Kagebo Peak---the dominant peak of the Meili Mountain range in the northwest of Diqing---stands aloft 6740 meters above the sea level, the highest peak in Diqing and in Yunnan province as well, was covered by snow and shrouded by mist all the year round.
旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个经济部门，现在正引起中国公众愈来愈大的注意。许多人给报社写信，就促进中国的旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解、增进友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。 参考译文 Tourism,afastdevelopingeconomicsectoroverthelasttwodecadesinallpartsoftheworld,,,andfacilitateexchangesint hefieldofculture,,itwillhelpaccumulatefundsforChina'sgreatcause. 在中国，喝茶是一种仪式(ritual)，一种精致品味(refinedtaste)的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着(takedelightin)品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶。也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的(furious)争论。 参考译文 ,在中国，小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。小学教育持续5年或6年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上3年制初中，极少数上4年制。几乎98%的学生在前一种学校入学。在小学和初中的9年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续3年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，学生要求在每学期未参加期末考试。 参考译文 InChina,primaryandsecondaryeducationtakes12yearstocomplete,dividedintoprimary,
高二英语翻译练习 Module 1 Unit 2 1．现在, 每年有超过100万的旅客来广州观光旅游。(at present, more than) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 他们的友谊是建立在多年相互开放沟通的基础上的。(base on, communication) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用。(make use of, resources) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我将十分乐意参加任何能丰富我对世界认识的讨论。(take part in, enrich) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. 不管你相不相信, 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达了。(believe it or not, gradually, express, fluently) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
状语从句翻译练习 Practice makes perfect!让我们一起坚持联系，坚持就是胜利！ 第一关 1. 他喜欢去有海的地方旅游。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 请把这些书放回原处（它们原来所在的地方）。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 因为昨晚下雨了，所以地面很湿。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面很湿。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 既然大家都明白了，咱们开始吧。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二关 6. 孩子们一边唱歌一边跳舞。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 为了能赶上第一班车，他很早就起床了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 他起床很早，结果赶上了第一班车。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 他立刻关掉电源以防火灾。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 老人气得说不出话来了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三关 11. 天太热，大家都去游泳了。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 假如没有水，会发生什么呢？ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 我不会其参加那个聚会的，除非受到邀请。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 只要你相信我，我会帮你实现目标的。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 一旦你失去信心，就会失去一切。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. They like to go traveling where there is the sea. 2. Put the books where they were. 3. Because it was raining last night, the ground is wet. 4. It must have been raining last night because the ground is wet. 5. Since everyone understands it, let's begin. 6. Children are singing while (they are) dancing. 7. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. 8. He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 9. He cut off the electricity so that he could prevent the fire from breaking out. 10.The old man was so angry that he couldn't say any words. 11.It was too hot so all went swimming. 12.If there were no water, what would happen? 13.I won't go to the party unless I am invited. 14.If you trust me, I will be able to help you to achieve your goal. 15. Once you lose your confidence, you lose everything. 第四关 16. 孩子虽小，可他很懂事。 17. 即使人人都这么说，我还是不愿相信这是真的。
旅游宣传是对外宣传的重要组成部分，也是我国翻译 研究的重要领域之一。旅游资料种类众多，包括旅游景点介绍、旅游宣传广告、旅游告示标牌、民俗风情画册、古迹楹联解说等各方面的内容，而其中景介翻译最具有旅游特色，也是旅游翻译中的重点和难点。旅游景点的翻译是向外国游 客宣传和介绍本国、本地的人文、自然风光的重要途径，这就要求译者既要忠实于景点特征和文化内涵，让外国游客 准确、全面地了解该地风貌，又要使译文对西方游客有良好的可接受度。汉英旅游景点介绍性文本有其自身的语篇特点，而其语言和形式受各自特定文化的制约，是以各国游客的阅读目的、欣赏水平和文化背景为基本参照的，因此在文体风格上存在很大的差异。要使旅游景介文本实现其预期 功能，译者必须了解目的语读者对该类语篇的阅读期待，在保持基本意义功能一致的基础上，利用删减和改译等手段 在句子结构和表达方式上对原文进行调整，在信息上进行 整合。也就是说，旅游文本的翻译固然首先要遵循翻译的基本原则，但更注重目的语读者的反应和信息获取的时效。因此，本文以我国主要旅游景点的介绍资料及其英译本和英 美两国的相关旅游文本为语料，结合翻译的功能理论，对比分析英汉语旅游景介文本的差异和功能实现方式，具体探 讨汉语旅游景点介绍文本英译中信息重组的必要性和原则 以及可以采用的翻译方法。 一、旅游景介文本类型分析 旅游景介的翻译属于实用文体的翻译，目的和功能是 实用文体翻译的依据。文本类型和它的内容形式、翻译策略有直接关系。不同文本类型的语言特点、文本重心不同，译本所要实现的预期效果也不一样。要研究汉语旅游景介的 英译，就必须明确旅游景介文本的类型和功能，了解译文的预期目的。在这一点上，国内外学者基本上达成了共识，认为旅游资料旨在通过对景点的介绍，提供有关自然、地理、文化、风俗等方面的知识，激发人们的旅游动机。换言之，汉英旅游景介都是通过传递信息达到吸引游客的目的的。从 文本功能看，该类文本具有两个功能：信息功能和呼唤（也称诱导）功能。其中，呼唤功能是主导功能和内在功能，因为旅游资料的最终目的在于吸引游客，关注的是“语后效果”， 刺激旅游者的参观欲望。但读者在做出决定去游览某地之 前和在参观景点的当时都希望得到相关信息和背景知识， 因此信息性也是旅游资料的一个重要功能，是呼唤功能得 以实现的前提。 在功能翻译理论看来，“呼唤型”文本的核心是“读者 层”，强调信息传递的效果和读者的情感呼应。为了感染受众，译者必须充分揣摩译文读者的文化心理和审美习惯，了解他们的需要、期待和所具备的知识，从原文中选取他们易于理解并乐于接受的旅游信息，用符合译文规范和文化标
1.请大家阅读1-6页的几个中英文旅游文本，并总结中英文旅游 文本各自的写作特点，下周课堂上会提问。 2.请大家本周完成翻译练习1（红色字体部分） 3.另外，请未完成新闻反思写作的同学尽快上交。 English passages: 1.The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC;[3] these, later joined together and made bigger, stronger, and unified are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.[4] Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty. Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor. The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).[5] This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi)
四六级翻译练习之旅游景观篇 “新出炉”的翻译题目着实教人耳目一新…看来为四六级翻译而头疼的学子们也不得不“使出新招”，才足以在浩瀚的知识海洋中扬帆前行~ 今天，Spiiker必克小编将带您走近旅游胜地，领略旅游文化~ Emei Mountain峨眉山 Emei Mountain is situated in Sichuan province in southwestern China, 156 kilometers from Chengdu, spending 1.5 hours through thruway. Since Jin Dynasty, it is a place where Buddhism rites are performed, and it’s one of four most famous Buddhism mountains, with more than one thousand years of culture. With many mountains in rapid sequence, age-old trees, natural falls and spring, Emei Mountain has wonderful and amusing scenery. Emei Mountain has been embodied as the “World Natural and Cultural Heritage” by UNESCO in 1996. 峨眉山坐落在中国西南部的四川省，从成都出发156千米，走高速大约1个半小时。从晋朝开始，就在那里发现了佛教的遗址，而且它是著名的四大佛山之一，有超过一千年的文化历史。峨眉山有许多山、古树、自然瀑布和泉水，是一处美妙而又有趣的景点。峨眉山已在1996年被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然与文化遗产。 Royal Tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty, Gongyi 巩义北宋皇陵 It’s the biggest royal tomb group in central China. It’s located in Gongyi City, 70kms west of Zhengzhou. From 960 AD on, 9 kings and 8 emperors of the northern Song Dynasty were buried here. There are 8 emperors’ tombs and a lot of stone figures and animals. It is also state-level historical and cultural site. 它是中国中部地区最大的皇帝陵墓群，位于郑州市西70公里的巩义市。从公元9600299年起，北宋王朝历经九帝，八个皇帝均葬于此，现有8座皇陵和大量石像石兽，是国家级重点文物保护单位。 原文来自必克英语https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e16378068.html,/topic-11675.html
Unit 1 warm spring bath 温泉浴 tangible and intangible benefits 有型和无形收益 Secretary General of the World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织秘书长 distribution of profit and benefits 利益的分配 upwardly mobile chinese citizens 生活水准提高的中国人 foreign exchange receipts 外汇收入 tax receipts 税收收入 Regional Representative for Aisa and the Pacific 亚太地区代表 international tourism 国际旅游 tourist industry representatives 旅游产业代表 provincial government 省政府 the world bank 世界银行 旅游市场需求tourist market demands 连续in a row 旅游费用tourist expenditures 城市居民city dwellers 交通方式mode of transportation 生态游ecotourism 少数民族村落ethnic minority villages 获取利润make a profit 元宵节the Lantern Festival 出境旅游outbound tourism 端午节the Dragon Boat Festival 中国国家旅游局the China National Tourism Administration (1) The board of directors is trying to formulate the new marketing strategies for next year. 董事会正在制定明年的营销策略。（formulate） (2) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland comprises England,Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。(comprise) (3) The restaurant caters to the taste of people from South China. 这家餐馆迎合南方人的口味。(cater to) (4) We intend to go Australia next year if all goes well. 如果一切顺利的话，我们打算明年去奥地利。(intend) (5) The exhibition,sponsored by the Students’Union,exhibits the handcrafts made by the students. 这个展览会是由学生会主办的，展出学生们自己制作的手工艺品。(sponsor) (6) Accident arise from carelessness.Therefore,please turn off water and electricity supply. 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生，所以离开实验室之前一定要关闭水电。(arise from) While it is relatively easy to agree on technical definitions of particular categories of tourism or tourist, the wider concept is ill-defined. Firstly, it is important to recognize that
《齐齐哈尔大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2009年1月 Journal of Q iqihar University (Phi&Soc Sci ) January 2009 [收稿日期]2008-09-15 [作者简介]姚坤明(1966-),男,大庆师范学院外国语学院副教授,研究方向为英语教育。 如何在旅游翻译中选择关键词 姚坤明 (大庆师范学院外国语学院,黑龙江大庆163712) [关键词]旅游;翻译;选择 [摘 要]旅游翻译中,为有效传递信息,感染游客,译者必须顾及译文读者的欣赏习惯和心理感受,在译文中 尽量使用他们所熟悉的语言表达形式。从这个意义上来说,旅游翻译注重的应是原文与译文间信息内容和文体功能的对等,而不是语言形式上的对应,更不是展示原语语言文化差异性的场所。 [中图分类号]H315 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-2638(2009)01-0134-02 How to Select Key W ords i n Tour ist Tran sl a ti on Y AO Kun -m ing (Foreign languages Depart m ent,Daqing Nor mal University,Daqing 163712,China ) Key words:t ouris m;translati on;selecti on Abstract:I n t ouris m translati on,in order t o trans m it the infor mati on effectively,t o influence the t ourist,the translat or must pay at 2 tenti on t o the readers ’app reciati on habit and p sychol ogical feelings and try their best t o use the fa m iliar words for the m.I n this sense,t ourist translati on should e mphasize the equality of the content not the equality of the for m,es pecially not t o pay much attenti on of the different culture . 旅游译文应突出旅游译文的文体功能,注重信息传递的效果,熟悉和了解不同语言的旅游文体特色和风格,辨明异同,在译文中采用恰当的翻译策略和手法,用符合译入语规范和文化标准的语言形式来表达原文意义,使译文尽可能取得近似原文的读者效应,有效实现旅游翻译的目的。下面介绍几种常见的旅游资料的翻译技巧。 1.选择常用词语 旅游是一种大众性的文化消费活动。海外读者或旅游者的年龄性别不同,职业经历不同,身份地位不同,兴趣爱好不同,其中不乏在历史、考古、文学等方面有造诣的专家学者,但这些人毕竟是少数,译者在翻译时必须面向大多数,尽是选用通俗易懂的常用词汇,除非万不得已,尽可能少用专业词汇。 如“碑林”一词,在旅游资料中不宜译为“Forest of Ste 2les ”。Stele 是希腊考古学方面的一个专业词,专指刻有文字或图案的石版、石柱,大多数读者或旅游者不知道这个词。“碑林”最好译为比较通俗的“Forest of St one Tablets ”。 又如“新石器时代”和“旧石器时代”在专业文献中可分别译为“Neolithic Age ”和“Paleolithic Age ”,但在旅游资料中宜分别译为“Ne w St one Age ”和“O ld St one Age ”;再如佛教中的“观音菩萨”,它是大慈大悲的化身,故译为“Goddess of Mercy ”比译为“Bodhisattva Guan Yin ”更通俗简洁、明白易懂。 2.删减次要词语 旅游资料中有些内容是中国传统文化特有的产物,如果 按字逐译成英语,对理解原文并无多大帮助,甚至外来读者或游客根本看不懂,翻译时应在忠实原文基本内容的前提下予以适当删减,以利于读者或游客理解。如: 乐山水光山色独特,地理环境优越,素有“绿扬夹岸水平铺”之称,举行龙舟竞赛得天独厚。 Famous f or its “tranquil river fringed with rich vegetati on ”,Leshan in Sichuan Pr ovince has the ideal setting f or the D ragon Festival . 原文中“水光山色独特,地理环境优越”的具体体现就是“绿扬夹岸水平铺”,属于信息重复,翻译时删去了前两句,译文简练,更符合西方读者的接受习惯。 刘备章武三年病死于白帝城永安宫,五月运回成都,八月葬于惠陵。 这句导游词对本国旅客来说容易理解,但如照词直译成英语,外国读者或游客却不太容易理解。“章武三年”外国人不懂,“白帝城永安宫”和“惠陵”,外国人不知道在什么地方,“五月”和“八月”是农历,要表达清楚还需要另作说明。如果这个句子出现在学术论文或其他读物中,完全可以用加注的办法逐一交待有关历史知识,然而在导游词中如果对此一一加注,那注文比正文还长,这显然是不可取的,因此翻译时可适当删减某些次要词语,此句可译为:
Unit 3：课程作业（此作业也包含在课程PPT之中） Unit 3 A Tour of Chinese Things(1) Exercises: Part One: Listening Activities Chinese Fancy Knots（中国结） Ⅰ. Listen to the passage, and fill in the missing information you have heard.(pages 37-38) Chinese fancy knots have been very popular in China. They are hand-made (1)______________ noted for their patterns and bright colors. They are also symbols of happiness and good luck. Chinese fancy knots are widely used to decorate clothes, sitting rooms, and cups, plates and (2) ______________ on dinner tables. These beautiful Chinese fancy knots, either of a simple or a complicated structure, are made of a single piece of (3) _______________. They are created by tying, drawing, twining, and weaving and the instruments used include crochet hooks, tweezers, (4) _______________, and lighters. The materials needed are strings of various colors, gum, and small decorations made of porcelain or (5) _______________. Chinese fancy knots are named after their shapes or in accordance with what they suggest. They are symbols of prosperity, happiness, wealth, and (6) _______________. As they are believed to be able to exorcise evil spirits and bring luck, people often carry them and hang them in their (7) _______________. Chinese fancy knots have long found their way to Japan, the Republic of Korea, and (8) _______________ Asian countries and are well received there. Ⅲ. Answer the following questions according to what you have heard.(page 38) 1. What are Chinese fancy knots famous for? Why do you think they are so popular in China? 2. How do people make a Chinese fancy knot? What are the materials used to make a Chinese fancy knot?