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高中语法专题动词时态和语态

高中语法专题动词时态和语态
高中语法专题动词时态和语态

第一章动词的时态和语态

考点概说

动词是一门语言的核心,与动词相关的考点历来是各类考试的热点。动词的时态和语态同样也是考试的热点之一。

动词的时态是从动作发生的时间和状态两个维度来定义的,时间包括:过去、现在、将来和过去将来四种;状态包括:一般、进行、完成和完成进行四种。因此,英语中共有16种时态,

但是常用和常考的有如下几种:

(1)一般现在时:

①现在的事实或真理

②主将从现;

(2)一般过去时:①过去的事实

②刚刚、刚才发生的动作(暗含现在不那样了);

(3)一般将来时:表示将来发生的动作;

(4)现在进行时:①表示现在正在进行

②表示现阶段主要做的事情

③短暂动词的进行时表示将来;

(5)过去进行时:①表示过去某一时刻正在进行②表示过去一个阶段主要做的事情;

(6)现在完成时:表示过去开始的动作,到现在完成,对现在产生一定的影响;

(7)现在完成进行时:①过去开始的动作持续到现在,可能完成,也可能继续

②过去开始的动作一直持续到现在;

(8)过去完成时:表示过去的过去。

突破目标

对英语时态、语态的学习和备考,应注意以下几个方面:

(1)掌握各种时态的使用条件;

(2)积累各种时态常见的时间状语;

(3)掌握各种时态的构成形式;

(4)掌握各种时态的助动词;

(5)掌握各种时态的四种基本句式;

(6)掌握各种时态被动语态的构成形式。

考试心得

笔者结合近几年的考试真题和教学辅导经验,总结出了以下几条心得:

(1)时间状语是做时态题的重要依据,平时要多积累、多总结;

(2)读懂句子,深入语境,认真体会动作发生的真实语境;

(3)准确把握动作发生的时间是做时态题的关键。

第一节

一般现在时的用法

1-1-1

考点表示现在的事实或真理

(1)一般现在时表示现在的事实、通常的动作等。注意:用一般现在时,表示现在还是那样;

用一般过去时,表示现在不那样了。

(2)一般现在时还用在对普遍真理及客观事实的描述中,特别是用在宾语从句中时,不受主

句时态的影响。

★经典例题1

On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.

A. Takes

B.is taking

C.took

D.will take

【点评】

考查一般现在时表示通常的动作

【详解】

根据时间状语 On Monday mornings 和频度副词 usually的提示,可知这里讲述的是一般的事实、通常的动作。故选A.【句意】周一早上我开车上班通常要花一个小时,尽管确切的路程只有20英里。

★经典例题2

My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.

A.live

B.lived

C.were living

D.will live

【点评】考查一般现在时表示现在的事实

【详解】从后面的信息看,他的父母出生在香港,没有在别的地方住过,可知他们现在仍然住在香港,所以用一般现在时表示现在的事实。故选A.

【句意】我的父母住在香港。他们在香港出生,从没有在别的地方住过。

★经典例题3

Last year, the teacher told us that the sun bigger than the earth.

A.has been

B.was

C.is

D.will be

【点评】考查一般现在时表示普遍真理

【详解】本题宾语从句讲述的是普遍真理,其时态不受主句中一般过去时的影响,仍要用一般现在时。故选C.

【句意】去年老师告诉我们太阳比地球大。

1-1-2

考点用在状语从句中表示将来,即主将从现

主句为一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来。

★经典例题1

She is going to be a nurse when she up.

A. is going to grow

B.grows

C.growing

D.grew

【点评】考查一般现在时表示将来的用法

【详解】本题中,主句使用了一般将来时(is going to be),when 引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。故选B.

【句意】她长大后想当一名护士。

★经典例题2

He will surely finish the job on time if he to do it in his own way.

A.is leaving

B. will leave

C.leaves

D.is left

【点评】考查一般现在时表示将来的用法

【详解】if引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,排除A、B;he和leave“使处于某种状态”是被动关系,所以用被动语态。故选D.

【句意】要是让他用自己的方式做,他一定会按时完成这项工作。

★经典例题3

Could you ask him if he to my birthday party next Sunday?

-I will, if I him this afternoon.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e1364151.html,es; will meet

B. will come; meet

https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e1364151.html,es; meet

D.will come; will meet

【点评】考查if引导的从句辨认以及一般现在时表示将来的用法

【详解】第一句中,if引导的从句用在ask him后,if意为“是否”,引导宾语从句。根据时间状语 next Sunday 的提示,可知用一般将来时,排除A、C;第二句中的if意为“如果”,引导的从句为条件状语从句,要用一般现在时表示将来。故选B.

【句意】-你能问问他下星期天是否来参加我的生日聚会吗?-如果今天下午我见到他,我会问的。

第二节一般过去时的用法

1-2-1

考点表示过去的事实

一般过去时用来表示过去的事实,通常有明显的过去时间状语,如just now,yesterday, last week/ month / year, in 2008, three days / years...ago等。有些题目中,虽然没有明显的过去时间状语,但是有“情态动词+have done”表示对过去事情的推测、虚拟等或是能够根据具体的语境,判断出是过去发生的事情。

★经典例题1

The three of us around Europe for about a month last summer.

A.travelled

B. have travelled

C.had travelled

D.travel

【点评】考查一般过去时表示过去的事实

【详解】本题中有明显的过去时间状语last summer(去年夏天),讲述的是过去的事实,所以要用一般过

去时。故选A.

【句意】去年夏天我们三个人在欧洲旅行了大约一个月。

★经典例题2

-That must have been a long trip. -Yeah,it us a whole week to get there.

A. Takes

B. has taken

C.took

D.was taking

【点评】考查一般过去时表示过去的事实

【详解】本题虽没有明显的过去时间状语,却使用了“must have been”结构,表示对过去事情的肯定推测,所以他们谈论的是过去的事情。故选C.

【句意】-那一定是一次很长的旅行吧。是的,到那儿花了我们整整一周的时间。

★经典例题3

- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.

-Oh,how nice! Do you know when she

A. was leaving

B.left

C.has left

D.had left

【点评】考查一般过去时表示过去的事实

【详解】根据语境,可知“走”是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故选B.

【句意】-我听说珍去Holy Island度假了。哦,真好。你知道她什么时候走的吗?

1-2-2考点在具体的语境中,表示“刚刚、刚才”

在某些具体的语境中,一般过去时还表示“刚刚、刚才”是那样,暗含现在不那样了。

★经典例题1

Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.

A.didn't know

B.hadn't known

C.don't know

D.haven't known

【点评】考查一般过去时表示刚刚、刚才的事情

【详解】根据前面的信息 you play so well,可知说话人现在已经知道爱德华钢琴弹得很好,他“不知道爱德

华会弹钢琴”是刚刚过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故选A.

【句意】爱德华,你弹得这么好。我刚才还不知道你会弹钢琴。

★经典例题2

Excuse me.I I was blocking your way.

A. didn't realize

B. don't realize

C.haven't realized

D. wasn't realizing

【点评】考查一般过去时表示刚刚、刚才的事情.

【详解】

根据前面的信息Excuse me,可知说话人现在已经知道自己挡了别人的路,而在此之前,即刚刚、刚才还不知道,所以用一般过去时。故选A.

【句意】对不起,我不知道我挡你的路了。

第三节一般将来时的用法

1-3-1

考点表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,通常有明显的时间状语,如 soon,tomorrow,next

week/month / year, in the future, in two days 等。一般将来时有四种形式:(1)be going to do“打算”,强调主观性;(2)will do“将要”,强调客观性;(3)be to do“按照计划、安排等要做的事情”;(4)be about to

do“即将,马上要做”。

★经典例题1

According to the weather report, it the day after tomorrow.

A.will rain

B.is raining

C.should rain

D.rains

【点评】考查一般将来时表示将来发生的动作

【详解】根据时间状语 the day after tomorrow(后天)的提示,可知用一般将来时。故选A.

【句意】天气预报说后天将要下雨。

★经典例题2

In the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scientists.

A.are making

B. are made

C. will make

D.will be made

【点评】考查一般将来时表示将来发生的动作

【详解】根据时间状语 in the near future(在不久的将来)的提示,可知用一般将来时;再根据 by scientists 的提示,可知用被动语态。故选D.

【句意】在不久的将来,科学家将在机器人技术方面取得更大的进步.

1-3-2 考点.用在固定句式中

一般将来时还常用在“祈使包+and/ or+陈述句,其中陈述句多用一般将来时)”的固定句式中

★经典例题1

Let's keep to the point or we any decision.

A.will never reach

B.have never reached

C.never reach

D.never reached

【点评】本题在固定句式中考查一般将来时

【详解】本题使用了固定句式“祈使包+and/ or+陈述句”,其中陈述句中多用一般将来时。故选A.该句式通常有三个考点:第一,祈使句;第二,连词and或or;第三,陈述句的时态。

【句意】我们紧担主题吧。否则我们达不成任何决定

★经典例题2

Close the door of fear behind you,and you the door of faith open before you.

A.saw

B.have seen

C. will see

D.are seeing

【点评】本题在固定句式中考查一般将来时

【评解】本题使用了固定句式“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,其中陈述句中多用一般将来时。故选C.前面的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,所以后面的“主句”中用一般将来时。

【句意】关闭你身后的害怕之门吧,你就会开启前面的信心之门。

第四节现在进行时的用法

1-4-1 考点表示现在正在发生或进行的动作

现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作。

★经典例题1

-Hi,let's go skating. -Sorry, I'm busy right now. I in an application form for a new job.

A. Fill

B.have filled

C.am filling

D.will fill

【点评】考查现在进行时表示说话间正在进行的动作

【详解】根据交际语境以及时间状语right now(现在),可知第二个人“正在填表”,所以用现在进行时。故选C.

【句意】嗨,我们去滑冰吧。对不起,我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。

★经典例题2

- I'm not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends for us.

A. will wait

B.wait

C.have waited

D.are waiting

【点评】考查现在进行时表示说话间正在进行的动作

【详解】根据交际语境,可知第二个人在催第一人,第二个人说“我们的朋友正在等我们”,所以用现在

进行时。故选D.

【句意】-我还没吃完饭呢。-但是我们的朋友在等我们。

1-4-2 考点表示现阶段发生的事情

现在进行时还可以表示现在一个阶段内主要做或是正在发生的事情。

★经典例题1

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.

A.is changing

B.has changed

C.will have changed

D.will change

【点评】考查现在进行时表示现阶段发生的事情

【详解】由题意可知,技术发展很迅速是现阶段发生的事情,符合现在进行时表示现阶段发生的事情的

用法。故选A.

【句意】挑选一部个人用的手机真是不容易,因为科技发展得如此迅速。

★经典例题2

-I hear you in a pub.What's it like? ---Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind.

A. are working

B.will work

C.were working

D. will be working

【点评】考查现在进行时表示现阶段发生的事情

【详解】根据 What's it like,可知第二个人现阶段在一个酒吧工作,所以用现在进行时。故选A.

【句意】-我听说你最近在一个酒吧工作,怎么样?-哦,很辛苦的工作,我总是很累,但是我不介意。1-4-3 考点短暂动词的现在进行时表示将来

能用于现在进行时的动词通常为延续性动词,而一些短暂性动词的进行时表示将来。这种将来与其他将

来时的区别在于:这种表将来的动作已经开始,马上就要结束;而其他将来时表示的动作尚未开始。

★经典例题1

-Are you still busy? -Yes,I my work, and it won't take long.

A. just finish

B.am just finishing

C.have just finished

D. am just going to finish

【点评】考查短暂动词的进行时表示将来意义的用法

【详解】根据 it won't take long 可知就要完成自己的工作了,但是还没有完成,排除A、C;D 项中 be

going to do 表示将来要做,但是还没有开始,与it won't take long 相悖;

B项是短暂动词的进行时,表示动作已经开始,马上就要结束,符合语境。故选B.

【句意】-你还在忙呀?-是的,我就要完成工作了,用不了太久。

★经典例题2

Because the shop all the T-shirts are sold at half price.

A.has closed down

B.closed down

C.is closing down

D.had closed down

【点评】考查短暂动词的进行时表示将来意义的用法

【详解】根据 all the T-shirts are sold at half price 可知这家商店即将关闭,但是还没有关闭,排除A、B、D;C项是短暂动词的进行时,表示动作已经开始,马上就要结束,符合语境。故选C.

【句意】因为那家商店就要关闭了,所有的T恤衫都半价出售。

第五节过去进行时的用法

1-5-1 考点表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作

过去进行时表示过去的某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作,通常有明显的时间状语,如 at this time yesterday, at this moment last week, at 10 o'clock last night,when he came back/arrived 等。

★经典例题1

I saw that Donald at ten o'clock last night.

A.was still working

B.still worked

C.is still working

D.still working

【点评】考查过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作

【详解】根据时间状语 at ten o'clock last night(昨晚十点钟),可知这里表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事情,所以用过去进行时。故选A.(本题中如果没有that,也可选D,是现在分词作感官动词saw的宾语补足语。)【句意】昨晚十点钟的时候,我看到唐纳德仍然在工作。

★经典例题2

It hard when my mother left her office.

A. was snowing

B.is snowing

C.will snow

D.snows

【点评】考查过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作

【详解】根据时间状语从句when my mother left her,office;(当我妈妈离开办公室的时候),表

示过去的某一时刻,,可知主句用过去进行时。故选A.

【句意】当我妈妈离开办公室的时候,天正在下大雪。

1-5-2 考点表示过去一个阶段内主要做或正在发生的事情

过去进行时还可以表示过去一个阶段内主要做或正在发生的事情.

★经典例题1

Shirley a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.

A. has written

B.wrote

C.had written

D.was writing

【点评】考查过去进行时表示过去们阶段内主要做的事情.

【详解】根据时间状语 last year表示过去,排除A、C;再结合I don't know whether she has

finished it 可知不知道现在她完成了没有,由此可推断出去年正在写作忠;所以用过去进行时,表示过个

阶段内主要做的事情。故选D

【句意】雪莉去年写着一本关于中国的书。但是我不知道她现在保完没有。

★经典例题2

-Has Sam finished his homework today?

-I have no idea. He it this morning.

A.did

B.has done

C.was doing

D.had done

【点评】考查过去进行时表示过去一个阶段内主要做的事情。

【详解】根据时间状语 this morning,表示今天早上,排除B、D;再结合I have no idea,可知不知道他完成了

没有,所以用过去进行时表示过去一段时间主要做的事情。故选C.

【句意】——今天萨姆做完作业了吗?——我不知道,他今天上午还在做呢。

第六节现在完成时的用法

1-6-1考点表示过去开始的动作到现在完成,对现在造成一定的影响

现在完成时表示过去开始的动作到现在完成,对现在造成一定的影响。现在完成时通常有明显的时间状语,如just,already,yet,these days,recently,so far,in/over/during/ for the past /last...years/months/weeks,up to/till now,since+从句或点时间,for+一段时间等。注意:短暂动词的现在完成时肯定形式不能和“for+一段时间”连用。

★经典例题1

So far,the moon by man already.

A. has been visited

B.is visited

C.will be visited

D.was visited

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法

【详解】根据时间状语so far(迄今为止)的提示,可知用现在完成时。故选A.

【句意】迄今为止,人类已经去过月球了。

★经典例题2

The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody them since.

A.sees

B.saw

C.has seen

D.had seen

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法.

【详解】题干中 since 后省略了 2012,since+从句或点时间作状语时,要用现在完成时。故选C.

【句意】报告在2012年就不见了,自从那时起就没人见过。

★经典例题3

Shakespeare's play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.

A.had been made

B. was made

C.has been made

D.would be made

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 over the past years(在过去几年里)的提示,可知用现在完成时。故选C.

【句意】在过去的几年里莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。

★经典例题4

Up to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

A. would save

B.saves

C.had saved

D.has saved

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法.

【详解】根据 Up to now(至今)的提示,可知用现在完成时。故选D.

【句意】至今这个项目拯救了成千上万本来会死掉的孩子。

★经典例题5

Two nuclear power stations in the past ten years.

A. are built

B. have been built

C.would be built

D.are building

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 in the past ten years(在过去的十年里)的提示,可知使用现在完成时。故选B.

【句意】在过去的十年里建立了两处核电站。

★经典例题6

The opera for several minutes.

A. had just been on

B. has just been on

C.had just begun

D.has just begun

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法.

【详解】题干中没有过去时,不能表示“过去的过去”,排除过去完成时A、C;短暂动词的完成时不能和“for+一段时间”连用,排除D.故选B.

【句意】话剧已经开始了好几分钟了。

1-6-2 考点用在一些固定的句式中

(1)现在完成时用在“It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句(一般过去时)”句式中,表示“自从某事发生已经有多久了”。

(2)现在完成时还用在“This/It is the first / second ... time + that从句(现在完成时)”句式中,表示“是某人第几次做某事了”。

★经典例题1

It three years since I reached a turning point(转折点)which completely changed my outlook on life.

A. has been

B.has

C.was

D.will be

【点评】在固定句式中考查现在完成时.

【详解】“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句(一般过去时)”固定句式,表示“自从某事发生已经有多久了”。故选A.

【句意】自从我达到一个转折点已经有三年了,它完全改变了我的人生观。

★经典例题2

It's not the first time Beijing this year.

A. that you've visited

B.that you visited

C. when you've visited

D.when you visited 【点评】在固定句式中考查现在完成时.

【详解】“It's the first time that从句(现在完成时)”固定句式,表示“是某人第一次做某事”。故选A. 【句意】这不是你今年第一次参观北京了。

第七节现在完成进行时的用法

1-7-1 考点表示开始于过去的动作进行到现在,可能完成,也可能继续

现在完成进行时表示开始于过去的动作进行到现在,可能完成,也可能继续。现在完成时的大多数时间状语也可以用于现在完成进行时。

★经典例题1

In order to find the missing child, villagers all they can over the past five hours.

A.did

B.do

C.had done

D.have been doing

【点评】考查现在完成进行时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 over the past five hours(在过去的5个小时中),可知村民们尽他们所能来寻找失踪的孩子,还可能继续寻找,所以用现在完成进行时。故选D.

【句意】为了寻找失踪的孩子,村民们在过去的5个小时中尽他们所能来搜寻。

★经典例题2

-Why,Jack,you look so tired!

-Well,I the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.

A. was painting

B. will be painting

C.have painted

D.have been painting

【点评】考查现在完成进行时的用法.

【详解】根据语境 I must finish the work tomorrow,可知杰克从过去开始到现在一直刷房子,还要继续刷,所以用现在完成进行时。故选D.

【句意】-哎呀,杰克,你看起来够累的啊!哦,我一直在粉刷房子,我明天必须干完。

1-7-2 考点表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在

现在完成进行时还可以表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在。强调动作的连续性,通常有时间状语 all the time,all afternoon/ morning/day....

★经典例题1

I'm tired out. I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

A.shopped

B.have shopped

C.had shopped

D.have been shopping

【点评】考查现在完成进行时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 all afternoon 的提示,可知“我整个下午一直在购物”,所以用现在完成进行时。故选D.

【句意】我累坏了,我整个下午一直在购物,但是我好像没有买到什么。

★经典例题2

-We've spent too much money recently.

- Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives around all the time.

A. are coming

B.had come

C.were coming

D.have been coming

【点评】考查现在完成进行时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 all the time的提示,可知亲友们一直都在来,所以用现在完成进行时。故选D. 【句意】—最近我们钱花得太多了。-哦,并不奇怪,我们的亲朋好友一直来访嘛。

★经典例题3

Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair all day. Could you speak to her now?

A.phones

B.has phoned

C. has been phoning

D.phoned

【点评】考查现在完成进行时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语all day的提示,可知记者一整天都在打电话,所以用现在完成进行时。故选C. 【句意】打搅一下,玛西亚,一位《名利场》杂志的记者一整天都在打电话,你现在能接一下吗?

第八节过去完成时的用法

1-8-1 考点表示“过去的过去”

过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,所以要满足两个条件:第一,有过去时出现。如果没有过去时,就没有“参照物”,就不能使用过去完成时;第二,动作在已经出现的过去时之前发生。在已经出现的过去时之后,或是同时发生,不能使用过去完成时。

★经典例题1

I found the lecture hard to follow because it when I arrived.

A. Started

B. was starting

C.would start

D.had started

【点评】考查过去完成时的用法.

【详解】题中已有一般过去时arrived,根据语境,可知演讲“开始”是在“到达”之前发生,属于“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。故选D.

【句意】我发现很难跟上演讲,因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。

★经典例题2

He more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

A.has learned

B.would have learned

C.learned

D.had learned

【点评】考查过去完成时的用法.

【详解】时间状语从句中已经有一般过去时entered“进入”,再根据语境,可知“学会”是在“进入”之前发生的,属于“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。故选D.

【句意】当他15岁上大学的时候,他已经学会五千多个单词了。

1-8-2 考点有明显表示“过去的过去”的时间状语

有些题目中虽然没有一般过去时,但是有明显的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语,如 by the end of last week/month/year,by the time +sb did sth, before+过去的时间等。

★经典例题1

By the end of last week,my brother about 30 new words.

A.learned

B.had learned

C.was learning

D.learns

【点评】考查过去完成时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语by the end of last week(截止到上周末)的提示,可知谓语动作是在此之前完成的,所以用过去完成时。故选B.

【句意】截止到上周末,我弟弟已经学了大约30个新单词。

★经典例题2

By the time Jack returned home from England,his son from college.

A. graduated

B.has graduated

C.was graduating

D.had graduated

【点评】考查过去完成时的用法.

【详解】根据时间状语 by the time Jack returned home from England(在杰克从英国回到家之前)的提示,

可知主句的谓语动词用过去完成时,表示先于从句动作完成。故选D.

【句意】在杰克从英国回到家之前,他的儿子早已经大学毕业了。

★经典例题3

Experiments of this kind in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.

A.have conducted

B.have been conducted

C.had conducted

D.had been conducted

【点评】考查过去完成时和被动语态的用法.

【详解】本题中时间状语 before the Second World War(二战以前),表示谓语动作发生在“过去的过去”,

所以用过去完成时;主语experiments“实验”和谓语动词conduct“进行”之间为被动关系,所以使用被动语态。故选D.

【句意】早在二战之前,这种实验已经在美国和欧洲进行过了。

第九节被动语态的用法

1-9-1 考点被动语态的一般用法

及物动词才有被动语态,当动作的承受者作主语时,我们需要使用被动语态。被动语态的构成为

“be+done(过去分词)”形式,不同时态的被动语态,即变化“be”的形式。

★经典例题1

To my delight,I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

A. was chosen

B.was being chosen

C.would choose

D.had chosen

【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态.

【详解】根据语境,可知“我”是被挑选出来的,所以用被动语态,排除 C、D;题目讲述的是过去的事实,而不是正在被挑选,所以用一般过去时。故选A.

【句意】令我高兴的是,我是从上百个申请者中挑选出来参加开幕式的。

★经典例题2

Now that the school ,we can send our children there right now.

A.is being set up

B.will be set up

C.has been set up

D.has built up

【点评】考查现在完成时的被动语态.

【详解】根据主句 we can send our children there right now,可知学校已经建好,“学校”和“建设”之间为被动

关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C.

【句意】既然那个学校已经建起来了,我们马上就能把我们的孩子送到那了。

★经典例题3

In front of the square, a tall building at present.

A.is building

B.has built

C.has been built

D.is being built

【点评】考查现在进行时的被动语态.

【详解】根据时间状语at present(现在)的提示,可知用现在进行时;大楼是在被建设,所以用被动语态。故选D.

【句意】广场前面,现在正在建一幢大楼。

★经典例题4

- What do you think of store shopping in the future?

-Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but .

A.will never replace

B. would never replace

C.will never be replaced

D. would never be replaced

【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态.

【详解】根据时间状语 in the future(在将来)以及并列连词but前面时态 it will exist的提示,可知but后

面也用一般将来时,排除B、D;“商店购物”和“取代”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故选C.

【句意】-你认为实体购物将来会怎样?-我个人认为它会和网购相伴存在,但永远不会被取代。

1-9-2 考点不使用被动语态的情况

(1)不及物动词不能使用被动语态;

(2)说明事物性质的动词,如wash(洗起来),sell(卖起来),write(写起来),read(读起来)等,用主动

形式表示被动意义;

(3)感官动词,如feel(摸起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),look(看起来)等,

用主动形式表示被动意义。

★经典例题1

An accident in this city yesterday.

A.has been happened

B.was happened

C.is happened

D.happened

【点评】考查动词的时态和语态.

【详解】根据时间状语yesterday的提示,可知用一般过去时,排除A、C;happen为不及物动词,不能使

用被动语态。故选D.

【句意】昨天在这个城市里发生了一起车祸。

★经典例题2

I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I that they well.

A. have told; wash

B. have been told; wash

C.was told; washed

D.have been told; are washed

【点评】考查动词时态、语态及不用被动的情况.

【详解】根据语境,可知要表达“我已经被告知”,所以用现在完成时的被动语态;wash well “耐洗”,说

明主语的性质,用主动表示被动。故选B.

【句意】我打算买那种衣服,因为有人告诉我这种衣服很耐洗。

★经典例题3

-Do you like the material?

-Yes,it very soft.

A. is feeling B,felt C.feels D.is felt

【点评】考查动词的时态和语态.

【详解】感官动词,如feel,sound,taste等,需用主动形式表示被动意义,且没有进行时。这里说的是一般

的情况,所以用一般现在时。故选C.

【句意】-你喜欢这种材料吗?-是的,它摸起来很柔软。

〖基础突破★训练题组〗

从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.-Is Peter coming?

-No,he _______his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

A.changes

B.changed

C.was changing

D.had changed

2.-Did you enjoy the party?

-Yes.We _______ well by our hosts.

A. were treated

B.would be treated

C.treated

D.had treated

3. In the last few years,China _______ great achievements in environmental protection.

A.has made

B.had made

C.was making

D.is making

4.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______ so far by the two sides.

A.has been reached

B.was reached

C.will reach

D.will have reached

5. He will come to call on you the moment he _______ his work.

A.will finish

B. finishes

C.had finished

D. finished

6. Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she _______ a class at that time.

A. will teach

B.would teach

C.has taught

D.will be teaching

7. - Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

-All right.I _______ him later.

A.will call

B.have called

C.call

D.will be calling

8. It's a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal _______ .

A.serves

B.served

C.is served

D.to be served

9. -Remember the first time we met, Jim? -Of course I do.You _______ in the library.

A. were reading

B.had read

C.have read

D.are reading

10. So far I _______ any success. However, I'll keep trying.

A.don't have

B. didn't have

C.haven't had

D.won't have

11.Tom _______ in the company since he left school in 2000.

A. Works

B.has worked

C.worked

D.will work

12.My aunt Mary _______ a lot over these years. She used to be a little fat, but now she is very slim.

A.changes

B.changed

C.was changing

D.has changed

13.They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.

A. didn't speak

B.hadn't spoken

C.haven't spoken

D.haven't been speaking

14.I _______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

A.was driving

B.have driven

C.would drive

D.drove

15. China's high-speed railways _______ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.

A. are growing

B.have grown

C.will grow

D.had grown

16.-How can I apply for an online course? - Just fill out this form and we _______ what we can do for you..

A.see

B. are seeing

C.have seen

D. will see

17. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _______in the past years.

A.discovered

B.have discovered

C.had been discovered

D.have been discovered

18.I _______in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

A. Lived

B. was living

C.have lived

D.had lived

19.When you arrive, I _______in reception for you.

A.wait

B.am waiting

C.am going to wait

D.will be waiting

20.-I have got a headache. -No wonder.You _______in front of that computer too long.

A.work

B. are working

C.have been working

D.worked

〖能力突破★训练题组〗

从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. His sister left home in 1998, and _______ever since.

A. had not been heard of

B.has not been heard of

C.had not heard of

D.has not heard of

2. -Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?

Not really. She _______us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

A. was to give

B. was giving.

C.had given

D.would give

3.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _______my book in the cafe.

A.have left

B.had left

C.would leave

D.was leaving

4. It is reported that a space station _______on the moon in years to come.

A.will be building

B. will be built

C. has been building

D.has been built

5. We are confident that the environment _______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

A.had been improved

B. will be improved

C.is improved

D.was improved

6. We won't start the work until all the preparations _______.

A. are being made

B. will be made

C.have been made

D.had been made

7.I wonder why Jenny _______us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn't written

B.doesn't write

C.won't write

D.hadn't written

8. We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we _______out his address yet.

A.haven't found

B.hadn't found

C.didn't find

D. don't find

9.-Do you have any problems if you _______this job?

-Well, I'm thinking about the salary.

A. Offer

B. will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered

10.-Where is Peter? 1 can't find him anywhere.

-He went to the library after breakfast and _______his essay there ever since.

A.wrote

B.had written

C.has been writing

D.is writing

11.Mary _______really hard on her book and thinks she'll have finished it by Friday.

A.worked

B. has been working

C.had worked

D.has worked

12. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _______.

A. will expect

B.are expecting

C.expect

D.had expected

13. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I

visited her last year.

A.is working

B.was working

C.has worked

D.had worked

14. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______in the mountains for two days.

A. are trapping

B.have been trapped

C.were trapping

D.had been trapped

15.My washing machine _______this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

A.was repaired

B.is repaired

C.is being repaired

D. has been repaired

16.I _______in a foreign company for five years. Still, I don't regret having given up the well-paid post.

A.worked

B.have worked

C.was working

D.had worked

17. She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she _______all day long.

A.has been reading

B.had read

C. is reading

D.read

18.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

-Impossible.She _______TV with me in my home then.

A.watched

B.had watched

C.would watch

D.was watching

19. I feel it is your husband who _______for the spoiled child.

A.is to blame

B.is going to blame

C.is to be blamed

D.should blame

20. Since the time humankind started gardening,we _______to make our environment more beautiful.

A.try

B. have been trying

C.are trying

D.will try

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