高中英语阅读理解题专题讲稿
一、高考阅读理解的命题特点
体裁：每年试题都包含在应用文、叙述文、说明文和议论文这四种体裁之中。
题材：涉及自然科学、社会科学和人文科学。包括日常生活、古代传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保和经济等。
材料：每年的阅读材料基本上是5篇，材料较为简短，最短不低于200词，最长不超过400词。在语言文化上，以美国英语和文化为主，多为以母语为英语的人写的原汁原味的反映外国生活内容的文章，很少涉及国内题材，符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。题材的选择体现了"贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生"的原则。
阅读时间和速度：参考的阅读时间是35分钟，要求的阅读速度是每分钟55词左右 二、考试大纲对于阅读理解能力的基本要求及考查方式
掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。对考纲的要求，高考阅读理解分别以细节事实题、词汇题、句子理解题、指代题、推理题、作者态度题、判断题、主旨题等题型进行考查。
三、阅读理解答题技巧、解题方法
１、弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的方法快速阅读，正确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原因。议论文中，作者先提论点，再加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。说明文中，作者先提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。
２、仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。高考英语文章往往隐去了标题，这给抓文章中心带来了困难。然而，英语的写作特点一般是按"总-分-总"这一思路来写的。因此，研读首、尾句，不但可以帮助考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。
３、略读选答，联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。阅读理解中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识或其他学科中所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排除，在阅读中对所剩下的选项进行筛选就容易多
了。
5、解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，解题时要"带着问题读查短文"分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。
6、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。有的考生先看题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的习惯效果往往不好。其次，看清楚题目是概括中心型还是推理判断性。
四、八大题型解题思路详解 第一种题型：细节事实题
标志：①题干中明确提到时间、地点、人物等细节信息；②针对文章中的一句或几句发问；③题干和选项之间是因果关系。做题的关键在于返回原文，返回原文的方式有：①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文；②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度）；③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度）。
词义、句意理解题
第二种题型：词义理解题
标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思做此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。
1、对词义考察的两种方式：超纲词义含义推断；熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思
2、词义题的解题技巧：
*根据上下文进行推理猜测，两个原则：
（1）不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思
（2）不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思 *正确选项往往不是熟词的常规含义。
常用的猜测词义的方法
1、以定义为线索猜测词义。根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是最直接的一种猜词方法。常用的短语有：to be(是)，mean （意指）, refer to （指的是）,be defined as （被定义为）,be know as （被称为）,be called as （被称为）等。
2、以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义。作者为了使意思表达得更清楚、明白，在解释一个难词或一个概念时，通常用同义词或近义词来阐述，可根据其中的已知词来推断生词词义。表示同义或近义关系的信号词（词组）有：如or, like, as, the same as 等。
3、以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义。作者有时会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语来对比两个事物。考生可依据反义词或对应词猜测生词词义。常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词（词组）有：but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead(of), rather than, nevertheless, none the less, by contrast, on the contrary, in the end, compared to 等。
4、以列举的句子为线索猜测词义。作者往往采取举例的方式对某一观点或某一抽象概念进行具体的
说明和解释，那么文中的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索。表示列举关系的信号词有：like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, specially等。
5、以重述为线索猜测词义。有时作者在阐述某个概念或某一事情时，为了把它进述得更清楚，可能采取另一种方式重述一下前面的内容。这种重述往往用比前面一种表达更为简单易懂的词语，这种简单易懂的词语无疑为前面较难的词语提供了猜测的线索。因此，读者在阅读的过程中如遇到生词，不要停下来，不妨看一下该生词后面有另一种阐述或解释。表达重述的信号词有：in other words, to put it another way, that is to say, or, that is, to be precise等。
6、以因果关系为线索猜测词义。句子间的因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的、能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果；某一结果是由某种原因所引起的，作者的叙述原因的过程中，必然会把词或句子置于一种因果关系的罗辑之中，这无疑为读者推断生词词义提供了很好的线索。表因果关系的信号词有：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, s o…that, such…that等。
7、以生词所在的上下文提供的解释或说明为线索猜测词义。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先概括说明，再具体阐述；或者反过来，先具体阐述，再归纳、总结。读者如果能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体阐述或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。
（例题3）
第三种题型：句子理解题
标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思。
句义题的解题技巧：
*正确选项不含有意义过于绝对化的词语，而是使用不肯定语气或意义解释深刻
*含原文词或短语越多，就越不可能是正确选项
（例题4）
第四种题型：指代题
标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词，要求辨别其指代关系。常考的指代词有：it, that, this, one, these, those等。解题时返回原文定位该指代词，并且90%向上、10%向下搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。然后在四个选项中找出与所找到的词、词组或句子意思最接近的一个作为答案。
（例题5）
推理判断题
1、推断题的常见形式：
（1）It can be inferred from the text that_____.推理题（推理题一般含有关键词infer, imply 等。）
（2）From the text we know that____.推理题
（3）The story implies that_______.推理题
（4）The paragraph following the passage will most probably be______.推理题
（5）The writer, s attitude toward…is______.(态度题)
（6）which of the following statement is not true?(判断题)
第五种题型：推理题
标志：推理题一般含有关键词infer, imply等。
第六种题型：态度题
标志：考查态度题中题干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, believe, consider, regard等词和短语。
作者态度或观点可分为三类；
1、支持，赞同，乐观；
2、客观，中立；
3、反对，批评，怀疑，悲观；
作者态度题的解题技巧：
*不要把自己的态度揉入其中，也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度
*当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度
*作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联
[注]新趋势：
*不仅局限于作者的态度，而发展到问文中某人对某事物的态度
*选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或否定的词语，而改为带有程度限制的词
*一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的表示必错，如：strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等
*持有保留态度的比较客观，常常是正确选项，如：reserved, qualified, tempered, guarded, consent等第七种题型：判断题
标志：which of the following statement is not true/correct/mentioned? All of the following statements are true/correct/mentioned except?
“是非题”，在事实细节题中非常常见，此类题可以分为：
1. 三正一误（三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容），如：Which of the following is true except…？Which of the following is mentioned except…?
2. 三误一正（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容），如：Which of the following is true?
针对这类题，可以采用以下解题方法：
1. 定位法。根据题干或选项中的关键词回归原文，找到相关句，仔细阅读后与选项比较以确定答案。
2. 固定思路。这种解题方法主要适用于三正一误的设题形式，选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段中，而且往往有列举标志词，如first, second, third等。做题时只需阅读有关段落，根据选项中的关键词在文中顺着first, second等信息词一一锁定答案，剩下一个原文中未提到的即是正确答案。
另外，常见的还有“排序题”，此类题可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出首先发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。“计算题”在高考中也时有涉及，此类题首先要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时要弄清单位间的换算关系。
第八种题型：主旨大意题
标志：best title, main idea, main problem, conclusion, conclude.
1、文章主旨给出的四种形式：文首，文中，文尾，没有明确主旨，需总结
作文文章的题目，标题的语言要具有概括性、针对性和醒目性。概括性指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文，体现文章的主旨。针对性指标题要直接指向文章的主要特点，范围不能过大或过小，要紧适度。醒目性指标题要吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣。因此，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。
（例8、例9、例10）
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world. The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e1123326.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return. Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise. Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience. On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different. It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world. And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard. （1）Why did Paulo set up https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e1123326.html,? A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers. B. To exchange postcards with others in the world C. To collect different postcards from other countries. D. To provide a platform for communication online. （2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________. A. don't know who will send them postcards B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately C. often choose a receiver's address carefully D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing? A. The international news is usually depressing. B. Americans are more conscious about privacy. C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.
记叙文类作者：巩穹 （I）★★ Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor? A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn't graduate from medical school. D. She couldn't set up her hospital. 3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital? A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years 4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts”in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell except that she ______. A. became the first woman physician B. was the first woman doctor C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. set up the first medical school for women 5. Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______. A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York City 1-5 CAABC （II）★★★ Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer.
A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services
高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. （1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea? A.It's time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient （3）In most US universities, ________. A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Ana, her husband Mario, and their four-year old son Antonio just moved to North Carolina. They need a temporary place to call "home" until they get settled into their new surroundings. So, Ana figured that she had better start looking for an apartment for them to stay in. First, Ana picked up an Apartment Book at her local newspaper stand. The Apartment Book contained listings of all the major apartment complexes in her area. Ana started by looking at the prices in the advertisements for apartments in the Apartment Book. Then, she read about the amenities that each apartment complex offered. For example, some apartments had a clubhouse, a gym (also called a "fitness center"), and a pool. After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana found a few apartment complexes that she liked. Ana called the apartment complexes. She set up appointments with the apartment managers to see the apartments she found interesting. Ana made five phone calls, total. "I'll see you then," she said to the fifth apartment manager, and hung up the phone. When Mario got home (to the hotel in which they were staying) from work, Ana showed him the list of apartments. "These look good," he said. "Mommy, let me see," said Antonio, whom Mario had just brought home from childcare. Ana showed Antonio the pictures of the apartments. The next day, while Mario was at work and Antonio was at childcare, Ana visited the apartment complexes. After visiting all five, she found that she liked the fifth one the best. It was near a good school system for her son, and it was near her and her husband's workplace. She went home and discussed it with her husband, and they decided that they wanted to rent the apartment. The next day, they called the manager of the apartment complex and told him that they would like the apartment. The manager asked them to sign a rental contract and pay a security deposit so that if any damage was done to the apartment while they were in it, the security deposit would pay for it. They signed the rental contract and paid the security deposit. Finally, they had a place to stay. （1）Which of the following is not an amenity? A.Clubhouse. B.Fitness center. C.Pool. D.High ceilings. （2）What did Ana consider while looking through the Apartment Book? A.Prices. B.Amenities. C.Locations. D.All of the above. （3）Why is the security deposit needed when people rent a house? A.Because it ensures that a renter will pay the rent on time.
Ⅰ.Teaching Contents 教学内容 Module 7 Unit4 Sharing Reading: A Letter Home II.Analysis of teaching material 教材分析 本单元的话题是Sharing，主要涉及帮助弱者、志愿服务、合作分享等。通过听、说、读、写等各种活动学习相关的语言知识，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培养学生互助合作的精神和社会责任感。结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己的贡献。 本课设计的这篇课文是一个志愿者的一封家书，她在巴布亚新几内亚共和国的一个小山村教书。信中详细地描述了她所在学校的情况和她去一个学生家做客的经历。通过这封信，学生可以了解巴布亚新几内亚共和国各部落的生活状况和风俗习惯，同时能够更好地理解志愿者的工作。 Ⅲ.Analysis of students学情分析 1．学生经过高中阶段必修1～选修6的学习，具备了一定的阅读技能，如查找细节信息，抓住段落要点和全文大意等，在阅读速度方面也有了较大的提高，这有助于学生较好地完成这个课时的课文阅读。同时，在听、说、写等方面也有了一定的基础。 2．这个单元的话题是分享、帮助与合作。对于高二的学生而言，他们的价值观人生观已经基本形成，本课通过阅读志愿者的家书，了解一些志愿者的工作，小组讨论“如果你/你们是志愿者你/你们将做什么工作？为什么？”帮助学生认识这个世界，理解互助合作的意义，即在帮助他人的过程中实现自己的人生价值。 3．学生在这节课的学习过程中需要用到预习策略、搜集分析信息策略、归纳整理策略等。 Ⅳ.Design of Teaching Objectives 教学目标 1.Knowledge objectives 知识目标 (1)学生能够正确读写及运用本课出现的单词。 (2)学生掌握本课词组的意思并能在句子中熟练运用。 2.Ability objective能力目标 (1)强化略读、查读等阅读技能，训练通过寻找关键词、主题句等方式更快速并准确 地确定文章的段落大意，理清文章的总体框架与脉络的技能。 (2)增强阅读理解能力；发展借助图片、表格等非语言信息进行语言输出的能力。 3.Affective objectives 情感价值目标 (1)帮助学生理解志愿者工作的意义，培养学生在日常生活中帮助他人、扶贫救困的 爱心。 (2)在小组合作互动中，增强学生的团队合作精神与分享意识。 Ⅴ.Teaching Important Points(教学重点) a.获取巴布亚新几内亚独立国各部落生活状况和风俗习惯的信息； b．阅读能力的培养和阅读技巧的训练，如精读课文完成表格填空等。
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C