Survey Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement

实用英语写作_中南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.Subjects like “Hello”, “Enquiry” or “Latest info” are appropriate in emailwriting.参考答案:错误2.The introduction part of a survey report part provides_____.参考答案:context to understand the background of the survey._information onhow the survey results are intended to be used._the reasons for which the survey has been conducted.3.We shouldn’t use all capitals in writing an email.参考答案:正确4.While gathering information, you ought to jot down full bibliographicalinformation, for an article without bibliographical information is uselesssince you cannot cite its source.参考答案:正确5.What are the principles for developing a good survey questionnaire?参考答案:Include instructions with your survey questionnaire._Order questions and present them in an organized layout._Test the surveyquestionnaire._Clearly state your intentions with the survey.6.Writing a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills ininformation seeking and critical appraisal.参考答案:正确7. A good summary is supposed to possess the following characteristics.参考答案:objectivity._cohesion._brevity.8.What are the benefits of taking notes in lectures?参考答案:creating a condensed record for study._engaging yourmind._keeping you alert._emphasizing and organizing information.9.The difference between a block format and an indented format is that in ablock format, every component is left-aligned while in an indented format, every component has an indentation.参考答案:错误10.All acronyms are abbreviations, but not all abbreviations are acronyms.参考答案:正确11.In English, N/A stands for not applicable.参考答案:正确12.Which information should not be included in the Education section of a CV?参考答案:Your academic skills13.In the given situation, which one of the instructions is correct?Havingpressed the blue button, you have to enter the code, and then press the red button.参考答案:Press the blue button, then enter the code. Finally, press the red button14.In the given situation, which one of the instructions is correct?The water hasto be boiled before you add the sugar.参考答案:Boil the water first, then add the sugar15.What do you have to prepare before writing a personal statement？参考答案:application questions16.In the given situation, which one of the instructions is correct?The left handlehas to be turned to the right, and then the right handle has to be turned to the left.Turn the left handle to the right, then turn the right handle to the left17.Acronyms are made from the first letter (or letters) of a string of words butare pronounced as if they were words themselves.参考答案:正确18.Which is the best description in a personal statement?参考答案:In the first project I managed, I made an effort to incorporate all my colleagues as equal members of a team, soliciting their feedback and deferring to their expertise as needed.19.What are the advantages of the outlining note-taking method?参考答案:It outlines contents as well as relationships._It’s a well-organizedsystem if done right._It’s easy to review by turning main points._Itreduces the work of editing.20.In the method section, you need to explain _____.参考答案:what questions are asked._who and how many are surveyed._how the survey is conducted._how the data are collected.21.The background study of a research proposal includesprevious studies andcurrent information surrounding theissue.正确22.It is acceptable to leave the subject field blank in email communication.参考答案:错误。

调查问卷与分析英语作文Survey Questionnaire and Analysis。

1. Do you enjoy taking surveys? Why or why not?Yeah, I don't mind them. It's kind of fun to give my opinion on stuff.2. What do you think is the most important aspect of a survey?It's gotta be the questions, they need to be clear and easy to understand.3. Have you ever lied on a survey? Why?Maybe once or twice, just to mess with the results.4. How do you feel about the length of surveys?If it's too long, I'm out. I don't have time for that.5. Do you think surveys are an accurate way to gather information?I guess it depends on the survey and who's taking it. People can be pretty unreliable.6. What's the most annoying question you've come across in a survey?Oh man, anything too personal. Like, why do you need to know my income?Analysis:The responses from the survey questionnaire reveal a variety of attitudes and opinions towards surveys. Some participants enjoy taking surveys as it allows them to give their opinion on different topics. However, others find surveys to be time-consuming and may not always provide accurate information. The importance of clear andunderstandable questions is emphasized, as well as the annoyance of personal or intrusive questions. Additionally, some participants admit to lying on surveys, either for fun or to influence the results. Overall, the survey responses highlight the diverse perspectives on the use and effectiveness of surveys as a data-gathering tool.。

Ways to establish trust
• Provide a token of appreciation • Provide a sense of legitimate authority • Make completing the questionnaire seem important • Remind respondent of previous relationship with sponsor (if applicable)
Ways to decrease perceived cost
• • • • •
Avoid subordinating language Do not embarrass the respondent Do not inconvenience the respondent Make questions appear short and easy Avoid asking personal information (if it must be asked, use ‘soft’ wording and inform about confidentiality) • Keep subsequent requests similar
Question order
• Be sure that the order of the questions does not produce bias in responses
“Norm of even-handedness” “Anchoring” “Addition (carryover) effect” “Subtraction effect”
One of the most important aspects of designing a questionnaire is improving your Response Rate, which requires providing the respondent with the motivation to complete the questionnaire. So consider:

• Firstly, the casual approach: “By the way,
• do you happen to have copied other students’
• answers in a degree exam?” may be
• used as a last part of another decoy question.
• Objectives in designing
• questionnaires
• There are two main objectives in designing a questionnaire:
• To maximize the proportion of subjects answering our questionnaire—that is, the response rate.
How to design a questionnaire
• a survey involves directly collecting information from people (or sometimes organisations) whom we are interested in.
• Well designed questionnaires are highly structured to allow the same types of information
Format of responses
• The responses can be in open or closed formats. • Box 1: Advantagepen format • l Allows exploration of the range of possible themes arising

Ch 11
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Questionnaire Design
• Questionnaire design is a systematic process in which the researcher contemplates various question formats, considers a number of factors characterizing the survey at hand, ultimately words the various questions very carefully, and organizes the questionnaire’s layout.
Ch 11
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Developing Questions
• Marketing research questions measure may include – Attitudes – Beliefs – Intentions – Behaviors – Demographics
Ch 11 10
Words to Avoid in Questionnaire Development
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Comfortable
Questionnaire Configurations Example
Thermometer Scale Instructions: Please indicate how much you like McDonald’s hamburgers by coloring in the thermometer. Start at the bottom and color up to the temperature level that best indicates how strong your preference is. Like very Form: 100 75 much Dislike very much

Questionnaire Design and TestingTian XiuhuaService Survey Center of NBSAugust, 2008Beijing, ChinaAbstract:Questionnaire design aims to make respondents have a clear and comprehensive statement of questions and answer them or provide data, and also to make information obtained facilitate the data processing. Questionnaire design is an important step of survey and plays a central role in data collection process. It has a major impact on data quality. Though there are some principles in design theory, there is still a big challenge for well-designed questionnaire of enterprise survey in China. The NBS has implemented and finished the questionnaire design for enterprise and self-employed household in service industry on the basis of international corporation project, and won international specialists’ consent. This paper summarizes some principles and methods firstly, then introduces the enterprise survey questionnaire design combining the actual state of China. Enterprise and self-employed household questionnaire design are separated by different Methods of Data Collection. This paper expounds how to deal with some problems in questionnaire design process, including following aspects: code design, how to reflect the change of sample enterprises though enterprise questionnaire, and the improvement of self-employed household questionnaire from indicator to question.This paper also introduces the method and process of questionnaire testing in practice, explains the importance of choosing proper respondents and the demand of organizer’s ability. Finally, the questionnaires are amended according to the test result and suggestion from relevant experts.Keywords: questionnaire design testQuestionnaire (or survey form, statistics form) is composed of a series of questions which are specially designed to get information about some subject from respondents. Questionnaire plays an important role in the process of data collection, so the design of it can affect the data quality and the authority of statistics organization.1. Principles and methods of design1.1 PrinciplesThere was a violent argument about the questionnaire design theory. In 1980, British scholar (Marketing Research) Labaw wrote an " Advanced Questionnaire Design" ,in this book, she argued that the greatest weakness of questionnaire design was lack of theory and proposed her own systematic theory, set off a crazy discussion on this theme. After she wrote an article for revision, she constructed a framework thatincorporated her theoretical principles and the subsequent work of Jenkins and Dillman; Sudman, Bradburn and Schwarz; Harkness; Fowler; Belson; and others. This framework does not constitute a theory of questionnaire design, but provides a conceptual model of the questionnaire design process, including questionnaire design principles, these principles are:1.1.1 Questionnaire must fit the methods of data collection.. There are differences in telephone interview, Face-to-face interview, mailed questionnaire, and online survey, such as the telephone survey questionnaire will not be able to design graphics, mailed questionnaire survey will be considerate that, the respondents can not ask for “What is the exact meaning of this?” when they don’t understand the question，and so on.1.1.2 The questionnaire structure must be regular and reasonable. The general structure of the questionnaire is composed of title, the questions and themes, such several parts. First, the format must be normative; second, interval between various parts must be appropriate, the layout must be clear and easy to fill.1.1.3 Questionnaire should be as short and simple as possible. No matter what kind of survey approach, most people are still willing to complete some short questionnaires, and the questions which are unrelated to the problem must not be included.1.1.4 The questions generally should be ordered from easy to difficult. Start with a brief introduction, so the respondents will understand the purpose and know how to complete.1.1.5 The principle of choosing closed or open-ended questions. Generally, if we want the subjective information of respondents or when the scope of the question couldn’t be well defined, the open-ended questions will be suitable; if the question is able to clearly described and the options are easy to define, then select the closed questions.1.2 Methodology1.2.1 The basic methods. There are three kinds of questionnaires, the qualitative indicators questionnaire, quantitative indicators questionnaire and the combinative indicators questionnaire. For either type of questionnaire, the design process should be guided by the principles of the design. Such as the qualitative indicators questionnaire, use the closed or open-ended questions according to the survey theme. Open-ended question doesn’t provided options to the respondents. The closed questions list a number of possible answers for respondents to choose, there are various kinds of closed questions, the most common questions are the two choices question, a number of options question and multiple-choice question, sorting question and grade assess question, and so on. In practice, closed question is used widely. Of course, whether the words of the questions are simple, applicable and concrete should be considered carefully. Finally should also consider the questionnaire format, including the questions sequence, location of notes and layout design. For the quantitative indicators questionnaire design, we must first consider the scientificnature of the indicators, and then also have to consider their feasibility, if the indicator is very scientific, but in practice can not collect data, it is not valuable. Third, the design should facilitate filling in the form. Fourth, the layout should be simple and clear. The combination questionnaire design, consider all the above factors.1.2.2 Questionnaire design steps. The steps are: first, make the objective of the survey clear, learn the needs of data users; second, define the survey content, list the problem need to be solved or indicators need to be collected data, write the filling in instruction and indicators explanation; third, ask for suggestions from users and external consulting experts, discuss the amendment of the questionnaire; forth, test the questionnaire in small-scale; fifth, revise the questionnaire according to test results.2. Questionnaire design2.1 Design for enterpriseAn enterprise is an economic organization engaged in production and operation for profits. An enterprise legal person means an enterprise which has registered with various administrative departments for industry and commerce, has obtained the Business License of Enterprise Legal Person and is qualified as a legal person in accordance with the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China For Controlling th e Registration of Enterprises as Legal Person, and the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of Registration of Companies, etc. Enterprise survey questionnaire is designed for the enterprise legal person.There are nine parts for the enterprise questionnaire. The first part is composed of some basic attributes indicators, including enterprise name, code of enterprise legal person, legal representative person, contact information, time to start business, principal operating activities, type of controlled holding, enterprise’s duration of operation during the reporting period, reasons for not in full operation during the reporting period and so on. The second part is the major economic indicators, including some indicators from the balance sheet, profit and distribution, and other subjects of accounting and human resources indicators, mainly to meet the needs of national accounts, taking into account the needs of other users. The third part is the change of enterprise, including whether the enterprise is consolidated, whether the enterprise is merged, whether the legal person code of the enterprise changed, whether the name of the enterprise changed. The forth part is the data of the business establishments affiliated with the enterprise, including two questions, one is whether the enterprise has business establishments under the categories of different industries or operating in different regions; the other is what the number of the establishments is. The fifth part is the data of the member enterprises of the corporate administrative institution, list two questions, one is whether the enterprise is a administrative institution, the other is what the number of member enterprises is. The sixth part is the recommendations, let respondents evaluate the following aspects: from format, indicators sequence, whether the data is easy to captured, whether theindicator explanation is clear, attitude of the interviewers and the training work of the statistic organization and so on, improve the survey according to these evaluation. The seventh part is the information of filling person, including the time used to fill in this form and the contact information. The eighth part is the detailed data of the establishments, this part is the expansion of part four. If the enterprise contains establishments (answered in part four), then fill this part with the activity, industrial code, the number of employees hired at the end of the period, income of each establishment and so on. The ninth part is the detailed information of the member enterprises of corporate administrative institution, is the expansion of part five. If the enterprise is the administrative institution ( answered in part five), then fill in this part with the activity, industrial code, income and so on of each member enterprise.2.2 Design for self-employed householdSelf-employed household is a business unit except the farmer which is based on the self-employed work, all the means of production belong to the work self, the outcome is personal possession.Self-employed usually don’t have the basis of accounting, no accounts to be investigated, plus the uneven cultural level of the individual owners, so we should choose the interview method, supplemented by actual observations, to ensure reliable data sources. The questionnaire should be designed in this premise.We designed the questionnaire similar to the enterprise at the first, but more simple in the content. The first part is the basic data of self-employed, including the name of the owner, contact telephone, principal operating activities and so on. Second part is the major economic indicators, including the number of the employee, business floor space, fixed assets, operating expenses and its components, operating income and so on. The objective is to be able to calculate the added value to meet the basic needs of accounting. Part three and part four are same as the enterprise, recommendations and information of the people filling form.After investigation, we changed the major economic indicator into operating questions, designed 13 issues in the second part, through the processing of these issues, we can get the needed indicators.2.3 The main difference between the designed questionnaire and the existing survey questionnaire2.3.1 Designed questionnaire adds the National Bureau of Statistics logo on the upper left corner, to enable enterprises clearly know this is a national survey, and should actively cooperate with it.2.3.2 Designed questionnaire adds the part of recommendations, to learn the evaluation about the questionnaire and the training work of the statistical system from the respondents, provide the basis for improvement.2.3.3 Designed questionnaire adds the question of “Time used to fill in the form”, to learn the burden of enterprises and the difficulty of the interviewers.2.3.4 Designed questionnaire adds the change information of enterprise, it can provide help for BR maintenance and data evaluation.2.3.5 Designed questionnaire adds the list table of business establishments affiliated with the enterprise, to try to let the enterprise headquarters fill the establishments table.2.3.6 Designed questionnaire adds the list table of the member enterprises of the corporate administrative institution, to accumulate experience and provide the basis for the accounting.3. Disposal of difficulty issues in questionnaire design3.1 Questionnaire code designThe code can facilitate the computer processing, make the questionnaire identification and management be easy, the code may be meaningless, and also can has a certain sense. With the China's actual situation analysis, taking into account the characteristics of China's administrative divisions, that each of the cities, counties have administrative division code, the city code contains two figures, so we decide that the enterprise questionnaire code has five figures, the former two is the city code, because there will not be more than 99 cities in a province; the last three figures will be from 001 to 999, it is the sequence number of the enterprise in each city, the number of the local enterprise samples will not be more than 999 in a city. So it is easy and convenient for whether the Survey Office in province or the Survey Office in city to code the questionnaire.The questionnaire code of the self-employed household contains 15 figures, the former 12 ones is the village administrative code, and the last 3 figures is the sequence number of the self-employed household in each village. Generally, each village contains not more than 999 self-employed households. This code is not only easy to use, but also accords with the habit of statisticians, because the administrative zoning code is frequently used in the statistics.3.2 Enterprise questionnaire how to reflect the change of samplesBecause of the establishment time of BR and the time of the survey is not synchronized, some sample enterprises changed when they were visited, such as merger and separation, and so on. If we can learn the change information, it can be useful for the data estimation and BR maintenance. For instance, we design some questions, such as whether the enterprise is merged, if merged, should fill the merge time, the name of enterprise before merging, the Legal Person Code, the name and Legal Person Code of the enterprise be merged. The questions about separation information can be designed similar to the merge.But we should not only consider how to set questions or indicators for collectinginformation, but also should consider how to get better results, we must concerned about the psychological reflection of the respondents when they receive the questionnaire, they may be sick of the complex indicators or too much questions, this will affect the quality of data, also be said to be unsuccessful design of the questionnaire.In addition, because the different educational level of filling person and many enterprises do not have full-time statisticians, so the accountant often works on the statistics as a sideline. So they need to refer to information or consult relevant personnel when they are asked to fill the change information in the form, especially the separation information of enterprise, the separate enterprise name and the legal person code is necessary, but the separate enterprise may not be local one, so they cannot get the information of the separate enterprise. Even if the accountant can fill the form, it will cost great deal of energy and time, moreover, the accounting workload is already big enough.It is difficult to let enterprise to do so much work just for this information, and this may affect the result of the survey. This is a conclusion from a large number of investigations. So we keep searching for better means which can learn the basic information and does not increase the workload, and also be easy to achieve. That is, let the enterprise only answer the optional question without other information, if need to know the detailed change information, the Survey Office of NBS in the prefecture or county level can contact the enterprise to check according to the simple information provide by the questions.3.3 The improvement from indicators to questions on self-employed household questionnaireWe choose the interview way to visit the self-employed ones, because one is they do not have accounts, and the other is they do not want to reveal their rich, and the third is they do not understand the indicators we need. Therefore, even the interviewer visit, also need to ask carefully and adopt some survey skills. Through investigation, we find that the best interview way is colloquium, talk about their current operations and difficulties firstly, and then ask about the number of employees, and ask their equipment and housing expenditure, finally, ask the most sensitive indicators of income. The interviewer should judge whether the income conforms to the actual target according to the expenditures, if it can not meet the actual information, check it on-site.If the questionnaire adopts the form of indicators, interviewers first need to record the relevant data at the colloquium, then calculate according to these data to get the needed indicators. If the questionnaire designed to be composed of the interview records, it will facilitate the interviewers, and reduce the workload, and also avoid the calculation error. For this reason the indicators on this questionnaire will be replaced by the questions.4. Testing of the questionnaire4.1 Content and used methods of the testingWe want to test the following aspects: the questionnaire for both enterprise and self-employed household, filling instruction and indicator explanation, interviewer manual, letters about explanting the survey targets, expecting the respondents’cooperation, the survey organization and implementation.We tested 18 enterprises and 25 self-employed households from 4 neighbourhood committees and 1 village committees in Shenyang of Liaoning province, 23 enterprises and 25 self-employed households from 4 neighbourhood committees and 1 village committees in Linyi of Shandong province, respectively. All the enterprises in Shenyang filled the form by accountants, 15 enterprises in Linyi filled the form by the accountants or the statisticians, other 8 ones were visited by the interviewer. All the self-employed households were visited by interviewers who come form the sub-district office or the neighbourhood committees.First, the Survey Office in Shenyang and Linyi selected the enterprises and villages need to be tested, hired the interviewers, and contacted the samples beforehand; second, the Survey Office of Shandong and Liaoning provinces distributed the document of lunching the test, and printed questionnaires, relevant letters and interviewer manual and so on, and sent these materials to the relevant units; third, the Survey Office in Shenyang and Linyi decided that the test would be held in June and August, before the test, they trained the participants together, the participants contains filling form person from enterprises, interviewers and the relevant personnel from county level survey office, provincial survey office and the National Bureau of Statistics. The delegation of Statistics Canada took part in the entire process of the test in Shenyang. During the training time, explained the enterprise questionnaire and the fill instruction to the staff of enterprises, introduced the self-employed household questionnaire and interviewer manual to the interviewers, the interviewer manual included the instruction about the definition of indicators, checking methods, where need to correct data, how to get the cooperation of the respondents. Each kind of the questionnaires cost two hours of training time.The fourth step, after training, the staff from enterprises was given one day and half time to go back their enterprise to fill the questionnaire, the interviewers were asked to visit 5 self-employed units, some interviewers in Linyi completed part interview for some enterprises. If the staff from enterprises and interviewers met difficulties on the test spot, they can contact the Survey Office of Shenyang and Linyi for help. Finally, convened the colloquia, listen to the evaluation and improvement suggestion on the questionnaire, training work, interviewer manual and used methods from the participants.The Statistics Canada delegation thought the participants were well prepared and had a serious attitude in particular. And organization for the meeting was very successful, lively, high efficiency. The evaluation of the test is:(1) The test of questionnaire was very successful, it had tested the content of the questionnaire, the relevant materials and survey methods which needed to be improved;(2) We can benefit from the questionnaire test on two main aspects: one is the formatof the questionnaire, the other is the content of the manual, particularly for suggestions of manual content improvement, it is necessary to give a more clear definition of indicators, should give the examples of processing and presentation in the instruction.4.2 Organization of the testingSuccessful test survey activities are inextricably linked to the well-planned arrangement, meticulous organization and the high level participants.(1) Well-planned arrangement. The National Bureau of Statistics is responsible for designing the questionnaire, preparing all related materials, and proposing the specific requirement at the same time. The Survey Office in Shandong and Liaoning is responsible for the arrangement and informing the selected cities by document, the city Survey Office is responsible for selecting the sample enterprises and villages, and contacts them in advance, explain the survey target and the work to be done to them, and ask for their cooperation.(2) Meticulous organization. The participants contains relevant people from the National Bureau of Statistics, Survey Office of NBS in provincial , city and county level, Sub-district Office, Village Committee or Neighbourhood Committee and sample enterprises, also includes the Statistics Canada delegation in Shenyang. We should arrange the duty of every level staff well. The staff filling form is mostly accountant in Shenyang, but in Linyi, it also contains some statisticians from enterprises and some interviewers, this is determined by the actual situation. The hired interviewers for self-employed household are from Village Committee or Neighbourhood Committee, a good organization of them is the key to the test.(3) High level participants. The quality of the participants also can affect the test result, especially the designer and the people filling form from enterprises and the interviewers. The designer not only should be good at the design knowledge, but also understand the accounting methods and accounting systems well, particularly the "new enterprise accounting standards", implemented since January 1, 2007 within the listed company framework, they should know the difference between the old and new versions, they also are required to learn the characteristics of industry and the actual situation. The staff from enterprises and the interviewers not only should have a serious attitude, but also have certain knowledge, ability level and work experience. Linyi involved 31 enterprise staff and interviewers, of which 90 percent graduated from secondary school or higher, 74 percent had statistics work experience.5. Improve of the questionnaireAll the above questionnaires are completed in strict accordance with the design steps, tested in small-scale, and also test the relevant survey materials and organizational processes. Due to the careful design, a lot of investigation and the application of some experience, the questionnaires and materials were approbated by the test participants, but still need to be improved and perfected.We revised the following parts according to the record of the forum took place in Shenyang and Linyi:(1) Delete the inappropriate or unrelated indicators and questions.(2) Determine the explanation for some indicators and the filling instruction.(3) Improve the interviewer manual, give detailed examples for reference.(4) Prepare survey certificate and relevant stuff for interviewers.The revised questionnaires were used in partial provinces.Questionnaire design is an art, the test is the means to improve questionnaire. To design high-quality questionnaire, first, pay more attention to the design; second, we should seriously listen to and study the needs of users and research the feasibility and effectiveness; third, we must take appropriate forms of test organization, request that there must be some experts in the field of survey and accounting among the participants in the test; fourth, choose appropriate respondents; fifth, we must seriously study the rationality and universality of the test results.References1. Philip Gendall, (1998) A Framework for Questionnaire Design: Labaw Revisited.2. Statistics Canada, (2001) China Survey Skills Manual.3. Statistics Canada, (2007) Questionnaire Design Workshop.。

提升问卷调查满意度的方法To improve the satisfaction of a survey, it is essential to first consider the design of the questionnaire itself. A well-structured and organized questionnaire can significantly impact the respondents' willingness to participate and provide accurate responses. Providing clear instructions and ensuring the questions are concise and to the point can also enhance the overall experience for the participants. When designing the survey, it is crucial to consider the target audience and tailor the questions to their preferences and understanding. By making the questionnaire relevant and engaging, respondents are more likely to complete it with genuine feedback.为了提高问卷调查的满意度，首先必须考虑问卷设计本身。

一个结构合理、有条理的问卷可以明显影响受访者参与的意愿和提供准确的回答。

提供清晰的说明并确保问题简洁明了也可以提高参与者的整体体验。

在设计调查问卷时，关键是要考虑目标受众，并根据他们的偏好和理解进行问题的定制。

通过使问卷有关连性和吸引力，受访者更有可能提供真实的反馈。

Questionnaire code design The enterprise questionnaire code have five-digit figures, the first two is the city code, since there are not more than 99 cities in the province; the last three figures, which start from 001 to 999, is the sequence number of enterprises in each city, and the enterprise sample size is not more than 999 in the city.
问卷设计面临的挑战
Challenges for Questionnaire design 用户需求与资源（人力、物力和时间等）之间关 系的权衡。企业调查主要为核算服务，还为其他 用户提供数据，用户希望调查分类越细越好，统 计部门无论从人力、物力和时间上都不允许，就 需要权衡取舍。 Take into account user’s requirements and resources (such as human, financial, time, etc.) Except servicing for national accounting mainly, enterprise survey should also provide data for other users. Users will like to obtain more detailed categorical data, but the statistical agency can not agree to produce them all because of the limited 6 resources

• Well designed questionnaires are highly structured to allow the same types of information
to be collected from a large number of people in the same way and for data to be analysed quantitatively and systematically. Questionnaires are best used for collecting factual data and appropriate questionnaire design is essential to e.nsure that we obtain
•
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• Ask for only one piece of information at • a time • For example, “Please rate the lecture in terms
of its content and presentation” asks for two pieces of information at the same time. It should be divided into two parts: “Please rate the lecture in terms of (a) its content, (b) its presentation.”
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• Ask precise questions
• Questions may be ambiguous because a word or term may have a different meaning. For example, if we ask students to rate their interest in “medicine,” this term might mean “general medicine” (as opposed to general surgery) to some, but inclusive of all clinical specialties (as opposed to professions outside medicine) to others.

Introduction:Welcome to our creative survey! We are excited to learn more about your opinions, experiences, and ideas on various topics. This questionnaire is designed to be engaging and thought-provoking, allowing you to share your unique perspectives. Please take your time to answer each question thoughtfully. Your responses will help us better understand our audience and improve our services. Thank you for participating!---Section 1: Personal Information1. What is your age range?- Under 18- 18-24- 25-34- 35-44- 45-54- 55-64- 65 and above2. What is your gender identity?- Male- Female- Non-binary- Prefer not to say3. What is your highest level of education?- High School- Some College- Bachelor's Degree- Master's Degree- Doctorate- OtherSection 2: Creative Preferences4. Which of the following creative fields interests you the most? - Literature- Visual Arts- Performing Arts- Music- Film/Television- Gaming- Other (please specify)5. How often do you engage in creative activities?- Daily- Weekly- Monthly- Rarely- Never6. What is your favorite type of creative content to consume?- Books- Movies/TV Shows- Music- Art Exhibitions- Theater Performances- Video Games- Blogs/Online Articles- Other (please specify)Section 3: Creative Process7. When it comes to creating, do you prefer to work alone or in a group? - Alone- In a group- Both, depending on the project8. What is your go-to source of inspiration for creative ideas?- Personal experiences- Nature- Other people's work- Historical events- Science and technology- Fantasy and imagination- Other (please specify)9. How do you overcome creative blocks?- Take a break and return later- Collaborate with others- Research and learn new techniques- Talk to friends or mentors- Practice regularly- Other (please specify)Section 4: Creative Challenges10. What do you think is the biggest challenge in the creative industry today?- Funding and financial constraints- The rapid pace of technological advancements- The pressure to produce content that appeals to a wide audience- The need for diversity and representation- The difficulty of maintaining a work-life balance- Other (please specify)11. How do you stay updated with the latest trends and developments in your creative field?- Online courses and tutorials- Industry conferences and workshops- Social media and online communities- Networking with other creatives- Other (please specify)Section 5: Future Outlook12. In the next five years, what do you envision for the creative industry?- Increased digitalization and online presence- Greater emphasis on sustainability and environmental awareness- More opportunities for emerging creatives- The rise of new creative formats and mediums- Other (please specify)13. What advice would you give to someone just starting out in the creative industry?- Focus on your unique voice and style- Be persistent and patient- Network and build relationships- Learn from failures and mistakes- Stay informed about industry trends- Other (please specify)---Conclusion:Thank。

调查问卷分析英语作文英文回答：Considering the ethical implications and potential biases inherent in using the survey as a research method,it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of the survey instrument to ensure its validity, reliability, and ethical soundness. The following analysis will examine the survey design, sampling technique, potential sources of bias, and ethical considerations associated with the survey.Survey Design:The survey design plays a crucial role in determiningthe quality of the data collected. Key aspects to consider include the clarity of the questions, the response format, and the length of the survey. Ambiguous or leadingquestions can introduce bias, while a poorly structured response format can limit the accuracy of the responses. Additionally, an overly long survey may result inrespondent fatigue and reduced data quality.Sampling Technique:The sampling technique determines the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the findings. Random sampling methods, such as simple random sampling or stratified random sampling, aim to ensure that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Non-probability sampling methods, such as convenience sampling or snowball sampling, may introduce bias and limit the generalizability of the results.Potential Sources of Bias:Several factors can introduce bias into survey data. Selection bias occurs when the sample is not representative of the population under study. Response bias can arise when respondents provide inaccurate or dishonest answers due to social desirability, acquiescence bias, or other factors. Measurement bias can result from errors in the questionwording or response options.Ethical Considerations:Ethical considerations are paramount when conducting a survey. Informed consent must be obtained from all participants, ensuring they are aware of the purpose of the survey and their rights as participants. Confidentiality and privacy must be respected, and the data collected should not be used for purposes other than those stated in the consent form.中文回答：问卷设计：问卷设计的好坏直接影响收集到的数据的质量。

Survey Questionnaire范本IntroductionA survey questionnaire is a tool that researchers use to collect data from a specific group of individuals. It is a systematic method of gathering information about a particular topic or issue. The quality of the questionnaire determines the validity and reliability of the data that will be collected. Creating an effective survey questionnaire is essential in getting accurate information that can be analyzed and interpreted.This article will discuss the essential elements of a survey questionnaire, the different types of questions that can be used, and tips in creating an effective survey questionnaire.Essential Elements of a Survey Questionnaire1. IntroductionThe introduction of the survey questionnaire should provide a brief overview of the purpose of the study and the importance of the respondents' participation. It should also assure the respondents of theconfidentiality of their responses and the ethical considerations of the study.2. Demographic InformationCollecting basic demographic information about the respondents is essential in targeting a specific group and understanding the characteristics of the population being surveyed. Demographic information can include age, gender, educational background, occupation, and income.3. Questionnaire BodyThis is the main part of the survey questionnaire. It contains the questions that are directly related to the topic being studied. The questionnaire body should be well-structured and easy to understand. It should avoid using technical terms that may confuse the respondents.4. ConclusionThe conclusion of the survey questionnaire should thank the respondents for their participation and summarize the purpose of thestudy. It should also provide contact information in case the respondents have any questions about the study.Types of Questions1. Closed-ended QuestionsClosed-ended questions provide respondents with a list of answers to choose from. They are limited in their responses and are easier to analyze. Examples of closed-ended questions are multiple-choice questions and yes/no questions.2. Open-ended QuestionsOpen-ended questions allow respondents to answer in their own words, providing more detailed and in-depth information. They are harder to analyze but allow for a more accurate understanding of the respondents' perceptions and experiences.Tips in Creating an Effective Survey Questionnaire1. Be Clear and ConciseThe questions in the survey questionnaire should be clear and concise, avoiding any ambiguity or confusion. The language used should be straightforward, and technical terms should be avoided.2. Avoid Leading QuestionsLeading questions can influence the respondents' answers, leading to biased data. The questions should be neutral, allowing the respondents to provide honest answers.3. Avoid Double-Barreled QuestionsDouble-barreled questions combine more than one question in a single sentence, making it difficult for the respondents to provide accurate responses.4. Test the QuestionnaireBefore administering the survey questionnaire, it is essential to test it with a small group of respondents to identify any issues or problems with the wording or structure of the questions.ConclusionCreating an effective survey questionnaire is critical in collecting accurate and reliable data. The questionnaire should be well-structured, easy to understand, and avoid any leading or double-barreled questions. Collecting demographic information is essential in targeting a specific group and understanding their characteristics. The use of closed-ended and open-ended questions provides different types of information and should be carefully chosen based on the objective of the study. Testing the questionnaire before administering it can identify any issues that may affect the quality of the data collected.。

Example 1: Hypothesis: Using L1 in the process of learning English has a negative effect on students’ learning outcomes but it has a stronger negative effect on adults than children. Independent variable: The use of L1 Moderator variable: Age Dependent variable: Learning outcomes
Control variables控制变量 控制变量
The variables whose effects are neutralized or kept constant are called control variables. The purpose of such control is to cancel out or neutralize any effect the variables might otherwise have on the observed phenomenon. 其常为第二自变量 （如年龄、性别） 如年龄、性别）
应用语言学研究方法 之
问卷设计与实施 Questionnaire Design and Administration
Introduction
Definition of Research Research is “a systematic approach to finding answers to questions” (Hatch and Farhady 1982:1) Three essential elements of research: questions (purpose) a systematic approach (process) answers (product)

6.
How often do you ever feel reduced energy levels in your body?
空气质量差时，您会经常感觉到身体无力吗？
7.
How often do you feel sleep deprivation or sleeping disorder such as insomnia?
SURVEYQUESTIONNAIRE
调查问卷
A Questionnaire on theInfluence of Air Pollution on Human Health and Behavior
空气污染和对人类身体健康和行为影响调查
Date:（日期）:______________________School/University:专业/学校：______________
Age:（年龄）: ______________________Gender( M/F):性别（男/女）:______________
City:（所在城市）：_________________Occupation:（职业）:______________________
Direction:Please Check (√ ) and rate yourself honestly based on what you actually do given the statements using the following scales:说明：请根据您的实际情况在相应位置打(√ )，选项说明如下：
您觉得与空气污染相关的呼吸道疾病（气管炎/哮喘）、肺癌以及心脏疾病是中国人的主要死亡原因吗？
21.
China’s industrial development grows GDP but lose health because of increase in air pollution. Do you think it’s acceptable and affordable?

---Introduction:This questionnaire is designed to gather insights into the usage of the English language among participants. Your responses will help us understand common errors, preferences, and areas of improvement in English language use. The survey is completely anonymous and should take approximately 10-15 minutes to complete. Thank you for yourparticipation!---Section 1: Background Information1. Age:- Under 18- 18-24- 25-34- 35-44- 45-54- 55-64- 65 and above2. Gender:- Male- Female- Non-binary- Prefer not to say3. Education Level:- High School/Secondary School- Bachelor’s Degree- Master’s Degree- Doctorate/PhD- Other (please specify)4. Native Language:- English- Spanish- French- German- Other (please specify)5. Years of English Study:- Less than 1 year- 1-3 years- 4-6 years- 7-10 years- 11+ years---Section 2: English Language Usage6. Which of the following English dialects or accents do you identify with most closely?- British- American- Australian- Canadian- South African- Other (please specify)7. How would you rate your overall proficiency in English?- Beginner- Intermediate- Advanced- Native Speaker8. In which context do you most frequently use English?- Academic- Professional- Social- Personal- All of the above9. Do you encounter any difficulties while speaking, writing, or reading in English? If yes, please describe them.10. Which of the following grammar rules do you find most challenging?- Tenses and aspects- Prepositions and word order- Verb conjugation- Subject-verb agreement- Punctuation- Other (please specify)11. How often do you use English grammar and style guides?- Sometimes- Rarely- Never12. Which English grammar and style guides do you use? (Select all that apply)- The Chicago Manual of Style- The AP Stylebook- The MLA Handbook- The APA Publication Manual- Grammarly- Other (please specify)---Section 3: English Language Learning13. How do you learn English? (Select all that apply)- Formal education (classes, courses, degrees)- Self-study (books, online resources, apps)- Language exchange with native speakers- Watching movies, TV shows, or videos in English- Reading books, newspapers, or magazines in English- Other (please specify)14. Which online platforms or resources do you use to improve your English? (Select all that apply)- Duolingo- Rosetta Stone- BBC Learning English- Coursera- Khan Academy- Other (please specify)15. Do you participate in any English language clubs or groups in your community? If yes, please describe them.16. What motivates you to learn English?- Career opportunities- Education- Travel- Personal interest- Other (please specify。

Questionnaire DesignQuestionnaires are an inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. A well-designed questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both the overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. If the questionnaire includes demographic questions on the participants, they can be used to correlate performance and satisfaction with the test system among different groups of users.It is important to remember that a questionnaire should be viewed as a multi-stage process beginning with definition of the aspects to be examined and ending with interpretation of the results. Every step needs to be designed carefully because the final results are only as good as the weakest link in the questionnaire process. Although questionnaires may be cheap to administer compared to other data collection methods, they are every bit as expensive in terms of design time and interpretation.The steps required to design and administer a questionnaire include:1.Defining the Objectives of the survey2.Determining the Sampling Group3.Writing the Questionnaire4.Administering the Questionnaire5.Interpretation of the ResultsThis document will concentrate on how to formulate objectives and write the questionnaire. Before these steps are examined in detail, it is good to consider what questionnaires are good at measuring and when it is appropriate to use questionnaires.What can questionnaires measure?Questionnaires are quite flexible in what they can measure, however they are not equally suited to measuring all types of data. We can classify data in two ways, Subjective vs.Objective and Quantitative vs. Qualitative.When a questionnaire is administered, the researchers control over the environment will be somewhat limited. This is why questionnaires are inexpensive to administer. This loss of control means the validity of the results are more reliant on the honesty of the respondent. Consequently, it is more difficult to claim complete objectivity with questionnaire data then with results of a tightly controlled lab test. For example, if a group of participants are asked on a questionnaire how long it took them to learn a particular function on a piece of software, it is likely that they will be biased towards themselves and answer, on average, with a lower than actual time. A more objective usability test of the same function with a similar group of participants may return a significantly higher learning time. More elaborate questionnaire design or administration may provide slightly better objective data, but the cost of such a questionnaire can be much higher and offset their economic advantage. In general, questionnaires are better suited to gathering reliable subjective measures, such as user satisfaction, of the system or interface in question.Questions may be designed to gather either qualitative or quantitative data. By their very nature, quantitative questions are more exact then qualitative. For example, the word "easy" and "difficult" can mean radically different things to different people. Any question must be carefully crafted, but in particular questions that assess a qualitative measure must be phrased to avoid ambiguity. Qualitative questions may also require more thought on the part of the participant and may cause them to become bored with the questionnaire sooner. In general, we can say that questionnaires can measure both qualitative and quantitative data well, but that qualitative questions require more care in design, administration, and interpretation.When to use a questionnaire?There is no all encompassing rule for when to use a questionnaire. The choice will be made based on a variety of factors including the type of information to be gathered and the available resources for the experiment. A questionnaire should be considered in the following circumstances.1.When resources and money are limited. A Questionnaire can be quite inexpensive toadminister. Although preparation may be costly, any data collection scheme will have similar preparation expenses. The administration cost per person of a questionnaire can be as low as postage and a few photocopies. Time is also an important resource that questionnaires can maximize. If a questionnaire is self-administering, such as a e-mail questionnaire, potentially several thousand people could respond in a few days. It would be impossible to get a similar number of usability tests completed in the same short time.2.When it is necessary to protect the privacy of the participants. Questionnaires areeasy to administer confidentially. Often confidentiality is the necessary to ensure participants will respond honestly if at all. Examples of such cases would include studies that need to ask embarrassing questions about private or personal behavior.3.When corroborating other findings. In studies that have resources to pursue other datacollection strategies, questionnaires can be a useful confirmation tools. More costly schemes may turn up interesting trends, but occasionally there will not be resources to run these other tests on large enough participant groups to make the results statistically significant. Afollow-up large scale questionnaire may be necessary to corroborate these earlier results. I. Defining the Objectives of the SurveyThe importance of well-defined objectives can not be over emphasized. A questionnaire that is written without a clear goal and purpose is inevitably going to overlook important issues and waste participants' time by asking useless questions. The questionnaire may lack a logical flow and thereby cause the participant to lose interest. Consequential, what useful data you may have collected could be further compromised. The problems of a poorly defined questionnaire do not end here, but continue on to the analysis stage. It is difficult to imagine identifying a problem and its cause, let alone its solution, from responses to broad and generalizing questions. In other words, how would it be possible to reach insightful conclusions if one didn't actually know what they had been looking for or planning to observe.A objective such as "to identify points of user dissatisfaction with the interface and how these negatively affect the software's performance" may sound clear and to the point, but it is not. The questionnaire designer must clarify what is meant by user dissatisfaction. Is this dissatisfaction with the learning of the software, the power of the software, of the ease of learning the software? Is it important for the users to learn the software quickly if they learn it well? What is meant by the software's performance? How accurate must the measurements be? All of these issues must be narrowed and focused before a single question is formulated. A good rule of thumb is that if you are finding it difficult to write the questions, then you haven't spent enough time defining the objectives of the questionnaire. Go back and do this step again. The questions should follow quite naturally from the objectives.II. Writing the QuestionnaireAt this point, we assume that we have already decided what kind of data we are to measure, formulated the objectives of the investigation, and decided on a participant group. Now we must compose our questions.If the preceding steps have been faithfully executed, most of the questions will be on obvious topics. Most questionnaires, however, also gather demographic data on the participants. This is used to correlate response sets between different groups of people. It is important to see whether responses are consistent across groups. For example, if one group of participants is noticeably less satisfied with the test interface, it is likely that the interface was designed without fair consideration of this group's specific needs. This may signify the need for fundamental redesign of the interface. In addition, certain questions simply may only be applicable to certain kinds of users. For example, if one is asking the participants whether they find the new tutorial helpful, we do not want to include in our final tally the responses of experienced users who learned the system with an older tutorial. There is no accurate way to filter out these responses without simply asking the users when they learned the interface.Typically, demographic data is collected at the beginning of the questionnaire, but such questions could be located anywhere or even scattered throughout the questionnaire. One obvious argument in favor of the beginning of the questionnaire is that normally background questions are easier to answer and can ease the respondent into the questionnaire. One does not want to put off the participant by jumping in to the most difficult questions. We are all familiar with such kinds of questions.It is important to ask only those background questions that are necessary. Do not ask income of the respondent unless there is at least some rational for suspecting a variance across income levels. There is often only a fine line between background and personal information. You do not want to cross over in to the personal realm unless absolutely necessary. If you need to solicit personal information, phrase your questions as unobtrusively as possible to avoid ruffling your participants and causing them to answer less than truthfully.What kind of questions do we ask?In general, there are two types of questions one will ask, open format or closed format.Open format questions are those that ask for unprompted opinions. In other words, there are no predetermined set of responses, and the participant is free to answer however he chooses. Open format questions are good for soliciting subjective data or when the range of responses is not tightly defined. An obvious advantage is that the variety of responses should be wider and more truly reflect the opinions of the respondents. This increases the likelihood of you receiving unexpected and insightful suggestions, for it is impossible to predict the full range of opinion. It is common for a questionnaire to end with and open format question asking the respondent for her unabashed ideas for changes or improvements.Open format questions have several disadvantages. First, their very nature requires them to be read individually. There is no way to automatically tabulate or perform statistical analysis on them. This is obviously more costly in both time and money, and may not be practical for lower budget or time sensitive evaluations. They are also open to the influence of the reader, for no two people will interpret an answer in precisely the same way. This conflict can be eliminated by using a single reader, but a large number of responses can make this impossible. Finally, open format questions require more thought and time on the part of the respondent. Whenever more is asked of the respondent, the chance of tiring or boring the respondent increases.Closed format questions usually take the form of a multiple-choice question. They are easy for the respondent, giveThere is no clear consensus on the number of options that should be given in an closed format question. Obviously, there needs to be sufficient choices to fully cover the range of answers but not so many that the distinction between them becomes blurred. Usually this translates into five to ten possible answers per questions. For questions that measure a single variable or opinion, such as ease of use or liability, over a complete range (easy to difficult, like to dislike), conventional wisdom says that there should be an odd number of alternatives. This allows a neutral or no opinion response. Other schools of thought contend that an even number of choices is best because it forces the respondent to get off the fence. This may induce the some inaccuracies for often the respondent may actually have no opinion. However, it is equally arguable that the neutral answer is over utilized, especially by bored questionnaire takers. For larger questionnaires that test opinions on a very large number of items, such as a music test, it may be best to use an even number of choices to prevent large numbers of no-thought neutral answers.Closed format questions offer many advantages in time and money. By restricting the answer set, it is easy to calculate percentages and other hard statistical data over the whole group or over any subgroup of participants. Modern scanners and computers make it possible to administer, tabulate, and perform preliminary analysis in a matter of days. Closed format questions also make it easier to track opinion over time by administering the same questionnaire to different but similar participant groups at regular intervals. Finally closed format questions allow the researcher to filter out useless or extreme answers that might occur in an open format question.Whether your questions are open or closed format, there are several points that must by considered when writing and interpreting questionnaires:1.Clarity: This is probably the area that causes the greatest source of mistakes inquestionnaires. Questions must be clear, succinct, and unambiguous. The goal is to eliminatethe chance that the question will mean different things to different people. If the designers fails to do this, then essentially participants will be answering different questions.To this end, it is best to phrase your questions empirically if possible and to avoid the use of necessary adjectives. For example, it asking a question about frequency, rather thansupplying choices that are open to interpretation such as:1.Very Often2.Often3.Sometimes4.Rarely5.NeverIt is better to quantify the choices, such as:6.Every Day or More7.2-6 Times a Week8.About Once a Week9.About Once a Month10.NeverThere are other more subtle aspects to consider such as language and culture. Avoid the use of colloquial or ethnic expressions that might not be equally used by all participants. Technical terms that assume a certain background should also be avoided.Leading Questions: A leading question is one that forces or implies a certain type of answer. It is easy to make this mistake not in the question, but in the choice of answers. A closed format question must supply answers that not only cover the whole range of responses, but that are also equally distributed throughout the range. All answers should be equallylikely. An obvious, nearly comical, example would be a question that supplied these answer choices:1.Superb2.Excellent3.Great4.Good5.Fair6.Not so GreatA less blatant example would be a Yes/No question that asked:7.Is this the best CAD interface you have every used?In this case, even if the participant loved the interface, but had an favorite that was preferred, she would be forced to answer No. Clearly, the negative response covers too wide a range of opinions. A better way would be to ask the same question but supply the following choices:8.Totally Agree9.Partially Agree10.Neither Agree or Disagree11.Partially Disagree12.Totally AgreeThis example is also poor in the way it asks the question. It's choice of words makes it a leading question and a good example for the next section on phrasing.∙Phrasing: Most adjectives, verbs, and nouns in English have either a positive or negative connotation. Two words may have equivalent meaning, yet one may be a compliment and the other an insult. Consider the two words "child-like" and "childish", which have virtually identical meaning. Child-like is an affectionate term that can be applied to both men and women, and young and old, yet no one wishes to be thought of as childish.In the above example of "Is this the best CAD interface you have every used?" clearly "best"has strong overtones that deny the participant an objective environment to consider theinterface. The signal sent the reader is that the designers surely think it is the best interface, and so should everyone else. Though this may seem like an extreme example, this kind of superlative question is common practice.A more subtle, but no less troublesome, example can be made with verbs that have neitherstrong negative or positive overtones. Consider the following two questions:1.Do you agree with the Governor's plan to oppose increased development ofwetlands?2.Do you agree with the Governor's plan to support curtailed development ofwetlands?They both ask the same thing, but will likely produce different data. One asks in a positive way, and the other in a negative. It is impossible to predict how the outcomes will vary, so one method to counter this is to be aware of different ways to word questions and provide a mix in your questionnaire. If the participant pool is very large, several versions may beprepared and distributed to cancel out these effects.∙Embarrassing Questions: Embarrassing questions dealing with personal or private matters should be avoided. Your data is only as good as the trust and care that yourrespondents give you. If you make them feel uncomfortable, you will lose their trust. Do not ask embarrassing questions.∙Hypothetical Questions Hypothetical are based, at best, on conjecture and, at worst, on fantasy. I simple question such as:1.If you were governor, what would you do to stop crime?This forces the respondent to give thought to something he may have never considered. This does not produce clear and consistent data representing real opinion. Do not ask hypothetical questions.∙Prestige Bias: Prestige bias is the tendency for respondents to answer in a way that make them feel better. People may not lie directly, but may try to put a better light on themselves.For example, it is not uncommon for people to respond to a political opinion poll by sayingthey support Samaritan social programs, such as food stamps, but then go on to vote forcandidates who oppose those very programs. Data from other questions, such as those that ask how long it takes to learn an interface, must be viewed with a little skepticism. People tend to say they are faster learners than they are.There is little that can be done to prevent prestige bias. Sometimes there just is no way to phrase a question so that all the answers are noble. The best means to deal with prestige bias is to make the questionnaire as private as possible. Telephone interviews are better thanperson-to-person interviews, and written questionnaires mailed to participants are even better still. The farther away the critical eye of the researcher is, the more honest the answers.making the questionnaire understandable and free of bias. Mindful review and testing is necessary to weed out minor mistakes that can cause great changes in meaning and interpretation. When these guidelines are followed, the questionnaire becomes a powerful and economic evaluation tool.。

问卷测量过程的环境Questionnaires, a powerful research and assessment tool, are used frequently by professionals to understand people's attitudes and feelings. The questionnaire process can be done through various types of environment.One of the typical environments for questionnaire process is a laboratory or laboratory space. Here, the questionnaireee can feel at ease and not feel too anxious about being observed. If a survey is being conducted in a lab environment, the researcher has control over the conditions and can ensure that the atmosphere is comfortable. Also, the proper equipment and technology can be set up for the questionnaire process, such as audio recorders or video equipment for recording responses.Another typical environment for questionnaire process is online. Here, the respondent is free from any external stimuli and can complete the questionnaire in their own setting. This environment also adds an element of anonymity that may make the respondent more comfortable in responding honestly.The third common environment for questionnaire process is in classrooms or other educational settings. These settings provide the ideal atmosphere to ask questions, as they usually have a relaxed and comfortable atmosphere. Furthermore, a teacher can be present to ensure that the questionnaire is filled out properly.Finally, the questionnaire may also be conducted in person in a variety of settings, such as workplace, at home, or even in public places. This allows the researcher to observe any reactions of the respondent and will give them a better understanding of the individual responses.No matter which environment is chosen for the inquiry process, it is important to create an atmosphere that encourages honest and open responses from respondents. They should be given enough time to read and think through the questions before providing their answer in order to make sure that the research is both accurate and meaningful.。