LECTURE 10-RLCD TECHNOLOGY

英语作文-集成电路设计师需要了解的基础知识与技术要点Integrated Circuit (IC) Designers are professionals responsible for creating and developing the complex electronic circuits found in various electronic devices. To excel in this field, a deep understanding of fundamental knowledge and technical skills is essential. This article aims to provide an overview of the basic knowledge and technical points that IC Designers need to be familiar with.1. Solid Foundation in Electronics:IC Designers must have a solid foundation in electronics, including knowledge of electronic components, circuit theory, and digital logic. They should understand the behavior of different electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors, and be able to analyze and design basic electronic circuits.2. Semiconductor Physics:Understanding semiconductor physics is crucial for IC Designers. They should be familiar with concepts such as energy bands, carrier concentration, doping, and junctions. Additionally, knowledge of the different semiconductor materials, such as silicon and gallium arsenide, is necessary for designing efficient and reliable integrated circuits.3. Digital Design:IC Designers must have a strong grasp of digital design principles. This includes understanding Boolean algebra, logic gates, flip-flops, and sequential and combinational circuits. They should be able to design and optimize digital circuits using hardware description languages (HDLs) like Verilog or VHDL.4. Analog Design:Analog design is another essential skill for IC Designers. They should be knowledgeable about operational amplifiers, filters, oscillators, and analog-to-digital anddigital-to-analog converters. Proficiency in simulation tools like SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is necessary to analyze and verify the performance of analog circuits.5. Circuit Simulation and Analysis:IC Designers need to be proficient in using circuit simulation tools to verify the functionality and performance of their designs. They should be able to simulate circuits, analyze their behavior, and optimize their performance. Tools like Cadence Virtuoso, Synopsys HSPICE, and Mentor Graphics are commonly used for circuit simulation and analysis.6. Layout Design:Layout design involves the physical placement and routing of transistors, interconnects, and other components on an integrated circuit. IC Designers should be skilled in using layout design tools like Cadence Virtuoso Layout Editor or Mentor Graphics Calibre to create compact and efficient layouts that meet the design specifications and performance requirements.7. Design for Manufacturability (DFM):IC Designers should be aware of Design for Manufacturability principles to ensure that their designs can be manufactured reliably and cost-effectively. They need to consider factors such as process variations, yield optimization, and design rules compliance during the design phase.8. Low Power Design Techniques:With the increasing demand for portable and energy-efficient devices, IC Designers should be familiar with low power design techniques. This includes power management, clock gating, voltage scaling, and optimizing power consumption at both the circuit and system level.9. Signal Integrity and Timing Analysis:IC Designers need to ensure that their designs meet the required signal integrity and timing specifications. They should be skilled in performing signal integrity analysis to minimize noise, crosstalk, and reflections. Timing analysis is also crucial to ensure that the circuit operates within the desired timing constraints.10. Design Verification and Testing:IC Designers should have knowledge of design verification and testing techniques to ensure the correctness and reliability of their designs. This includes functional verification, test pattern generation, and fault simulation. They should be able to perform thorough testing to detect and fix any design flaws or defects.In conclusion, becoming a successful IC Designer requires a strong foundation in electronics, semiconductor physics, digital and analog design, circuit simulation, layout design, DFM, low power design, signal integrity, timing analysis, and design verification. By mastering these fundamental knowledge areas and technical skills, IC Designers can create innovative and efficient integrated circuits that power the ever-advancing world of technology.。

Unit 1 Relationships1.A: Jake Sutton！Is that you, man? How are you?B: Hey, Andrew! I didn’t recognize you for a moment, long time no see!A: Yeah, wow, I haven’t seen you since high school graduation! what’ve you been up to?B: I’ve been back East, at collage.A: collage? Where?B.Boston.b.u.A: Oh, cool.B: And this past year, I got to go to Spain as an exchange student.A: Spain? No kidding? I remember you always hoped for an international lifestyle.B: exactly.A: So how was is, amigo?B: Oh, man, it was so great; I got to see a lot of Europe.A: Year! Like where,B.Al.over.Italy.France.Greece.an.m.homesta.famil.wa.reall.nice.They’v.invite.m.bac.agai.i..wan.t.g.t.graduat.schoo.there.A; sounds like we won’t be seeing you for anther few more years the n, eh?B..dunno.Hal.o.m.want.t.g..hal.o.m.want.t.sta. her..yo. know.whe..wa.ther...misse.hom..lo.mor.tha..though..would.A: I can imagine.2.A: so, terry, how have you been?B: good, good.A: How are things going? Did you graduate this year?B: Me? Nah! I went to State, but after my second year, I realize that what I really want to do is take over for my mom in the restaurant.A.Oh.that’.right.You.famil.own..littl.restaurant.Well..mean.it’.no.s.little.but…B: So I came back home and started apprenticing as chef.A.Really.Tha.i.s.cool.Yo.know.no.tha..thin.abou.it.i.make.perfec.sens.fo.you.Eve.bac.i.hig.school. yo.coul.coo.u..storm.So.ho.i.i.bein.i.th.restauran.business?B.Well..lov.t.cook.but.man..hav..lo.t.lear.abou.runnin..business.I’.reall.gla.m.mom’.aroun.t.teac .me.\A.Well.I’.b.t.tr.you.cooking.Wha.night.d.yo.work?B.Tak.you.pick.I’.ther.seve.night..week.3;A: Ken? Ken Mackney, is that you?B: Uh, yeah, I’m Ken Mackney.A.It’.me.Barr.Simmons.Yo.know.Mr.Jones’.calculu.class.senio.year?B: Um, so, how’s it going? What are you up to these days?A.I’.prett.busy.I’.workin.a.a.accountan.i.th.city.B: Oh, that’s great! It sounds like you really put your math skills to good use.s.fall.Hey.yo.migh.actuall.kno.m.wife.Tin.Chan.Jaso.Chan’.littl.sister?B.Tina.I.sh.th.on.wh.wen.t.Harvar.Medica.School?A.No.tha.wa.Lis.Fong.Tin.wen.t.ar.school.B: Oh! Well, I guess you and Tina are a good match, then, you were always into art, too, weren’t you?A: No, not really, that’s my brother tom you are thinking of, you don’t remember very much from high school, do you?B: No, I guess not! It’s been a long time!4:A: hi, Kate, it’s me, Cindy Lohan, you remember me , don’t you?B.Cindy.Cindy..can’.Oh.m.gosh.yes..d.remembe.you.But…A: But what?B.Well.it’.jus.tha.yo.don’.loo.lik.th.free-spirite.Cind..remember.Yo.loo.so.s.normal.A: Normal? I guess you’re referring to my hair?B.Yeah..mean.you’r.jus..regula.brunett.now.Whe..kne.you.yo.alway.ha.you.hai.dye.som.interestin.color.Blu.on.day.pi n.th.next.A.Well.I’wye.now.Mos.judge.hav..thin.agains.pin.hair.so…B: I can see your sense of humor hasn’t changed much!Unit 2 Identity1.Oh.m.gosh.Y o.won’.believ.this.What? What happened, Katie (Kate)?You know that guy Brett, from the football team?Oh.yeah.th.bi.dum.jock.Wha.di.h.d.thi.time?He gave me a poem.A poem?.mean.it’.beautiful.It’.romanti.an.it’.ful.o.imagery..jus.couldn’.believ.i.camefro.him. Yo.go.tha.right..didn’.eve.thin.h.coul.read.I just found out he plays two musical instruments and speaks French fluently!Hmm, well, maybe there’s more to Brett than meets the eye.2:Hey, Jeff(Jeffrey), I didn’t know you took dance lessons.What? How did you know that?Your girlfriend showed me some pictures of your dancing.Man, I told her not to show those to people.A.(use.t.expres.sympathy.disgust.o.disbelief).com.o.(hurry.disagreement).Actually,.thin.it’. prett.cool..wis.ther.wer.somethin..fel.tha.passionat.about.Realy, you know I love to dance, but I don’t tell my friends about it.Dancin.i..privat.thin.fo.me.It’.jus.somethin..d.fo.myself.3：Hey.Kayla.Ca..borro.you.note.fro.today’.mat.class?Yeah.sure.jus.mak.sur.t.giv.the.bac.t.m.befor.m.ban.play.tonight..nee.tim.t.study.Did you say your band?Yeah.I’.i..ban.calle.Roc.Hard..pla.th.drum.(instrumen.playe.b.beatin.wit.th.hand.o.sticks 鼓).You’r.kidding.Yo.pla.th.drum.fo..roc.band..neve.would’v.guessed.Why? Cause I’m a straight A student?Yeah..mea.you’e.t.fo.mat.help..jus.assume.yo.wer..…A nerd?Well, I don’t know about that.Don’.worry.I’.no.offende.(n.offence----a.wea.a..ca.(=a.wea.a.water)).I’..nerd.Bu.wh.say.nerd.can’.pla.drums?Unit 3 Advice1A: So, Amy, how many kids do you and Tom have?B: Uh, kids, none, Not yet.A.No.yet.Di.yo.sa.”no.yet”.Hey.ar.yo.an.To.keepin.scor.her.o.what.Yo.mus.be,what,3.b.now.Clock’..’tickin’.Tick-tock.tick-tock.yo.know?B.Yeah..thin.we’r.awar.o.al.that.bu.it’plicated.We’v.go.ou.career.righ.now.and……A: Complicated? You think you’re the only people who are trying to juggl e careers and family? B.No.no.I’.sur.we’r.not.Just.it’.kin.o..persona.thingA: So, Jerry, have you thought about where you’re going to live after you graduate in June?B.Uh.yeah..thin.I’.goin.t.mov.bac.i.wit.m.folks.sav..littl.money.yo.know.A: Your folks ?You gotta be kidding !Don’t you think it’s time to leave the nest?B:Uh.yeah..guess.Bu.it’.no.lik.it’.gonn.b.forever.Jus.unti..ca.sav.u.enoug.mone.to…A:I gotta say, man, I think it’s a mistake.B: Well, I’ve thought about it a lot, and I really think it’s the best decision for me right now.A.Bu.yo.nee.t.g.ou.o.you.ow.,ge.you.ow.plac.,fin.yourself.You.parent.ar.jus.goin.t.ge.i.th.way.B.Well.yo.know.I’.no.th.onl.on.movin.bac.hom.afte.college.Seem.lik.hal.th.peopl..kno.ar.doin.it. A: Excuse me ,ma’am.B: Yes?A: Your son’s tantrum is disturbing everyone in the store.B:.know..know.I’.tryin.t.cal.hi.down.Bobby.pleas.b..littl.goo.bo.fo.Mommy.I’l.giv.yo..nic.,yumm.cooki.i.yo.sto.crying.A.I.yo.as.me.what’.you.so.need.i..littl.goo.old-fashione.discipline..nic.spankin.wil.d.th.job.Yo.kn o.wha.the.say.Spar.th.ro.an.spoi.th.child!B.Listen.Ho..rais.m.so.i.non.o.you.business.W.don’in.physica.violenc.wit.ou.children. A: So, Luice, do you have anyone special in your life ?B.No.No.righ.no..It’.bee..whil.sinc.I’v.date.anybody.A.Well.wha.hav.yo.doin.abou.it.Yo.kno.yo.can’.mee.someon.sittin.a.hom.o.you.couc.o.Frida.nig ht.eatin.chocolat.ic.cream.You’v.go.t.ge.yoursel.ou.ther..girl!B.Wel...don’.know.Meetin.someon.a..ba.o.clu.jus.isn’.fo.me.A:.know.I’.fixin.yo.u.wit..frien.o.mine.He’.perfec.fo.you.B: That’s ok, I’m not really into blind dates.A: Don’t be ridiculous! You’re gotta love him!B.Yo.know.I’.no.sur..reall.wan.t.b.datin.anyon.righ.now.Unit 4 Family1M.siste.i..reall.stric.vegan.It’.no.fo.religiou.o.healt.reasons. It’.jus.she’e.ove.fo..famil.dinne.w.hav.t.mak..specia.dis.jus.fo .he..An.i.,like.th.fork.we’e.t.serv.som.mea.eve.touche.he.plat.fo..spli.second.sh.freak.ou.an.hav.t.ge.anothe.plate.Re cently.sh.start.thi.ne.thin.wher.sh.can’.eve.ea.an.vegetables.Ever.tim..g.ove.t.he.place.th.ca.l ook.a.m.wit.thes.sa.eyes.like,.Meat…please?”2M.cousi.Pa.i..professiona.clown.H.goe.b.th.nam.Patt.Cakes.H.get.hire.t.d.specia.event.lik.kid s.birthda.parties.Th.thin.abou.Pa.i.tha.h.jus.can’.sto.bein..clow.eve.whe.he’.no.working.He’l.sho.u.a.hi.friend’.hous.an.star.makin.balloo.hat.fo.everyone.An.the.there’.hi.pe.duck.Ph .Phoeb.i.hi.clow.act.bu.sometime.h.doesn’.hav.tim.t.tak.he.hom.afte.work.s.h.jus. bring.he.alon.whereve.he’.going.It’.jus.s.strang.t.se.Pa.wal.i.somewher.wit.Phoeb.followin .behin.hi.wearin..diaper.3M.Aun.Samanth.collect.doll..She’..rea.fanati..Mos.peopl.hav.hobbies.yo.know.lik.sport.o.m usi.o.movie.,pletel .devote.t.Barbies..mean.th.whol.roo.i.wall-to-wal.Barbies.She’.go.ove..thousan.o.the.line.up o.shelve.fro.floo.t.ceiling.Th.doll.ar.al.i.perfec.condition.Sh.store.the.i.thei.boxe.an.neve.take. the.ou..It’.kin.o.scary.actuall..Whe.yo.wal.int.tha.roo.,yo.jus.fee.surrounde.b.the..It’.lik.th ey’r.al.watchin.yo.o.something.4M.brothe.Andre.i.reall.int.T.an.movie.and.um…Ho.ca..pu.thi.nicely.H.ca.ge.prett.extrem.abou.it.He’.alway.pretendin.t.b..characte.fro..mov e.t.watc.th.T.sho.Sta.Tre.al.th.time.an.he’.g.a roun.talkin.exactl.lik.Mr.Spock.Lik.i.I’.say.‘Andrew.ge.ou.o.m.roo..I’.studyin..You’r.s.irritating..Andre.he’.say.Irritating.Ah.yes.on.o.you.earthlin.emotions..Stuf.lik.that..lin.ri gh.ou.o.Sta.Trek.Now.sometimes.it’.funny.Lik.no.he’.doin.Harr.Potte.voice..Bu.w.worr.ab ou.hi..lo...mean.doe.h.eve.kno.wh.h.is.He’.alway.actin.lik.someon.else.Unit 5 DecisionsLong time no see! But you haven’t changed much.Sorry, I didn’t recognize you.What have you been up to after graduation?I hope to get together sometime next year.They are very close and often play basketball together.We’ve stayed in touch with each other after graduation .Do you really know him?Some people aren’t what they seem/look like.There’s more than him than meets the eye.In a long run, personality is more important than physical appearance.The performance you made last night was awesome.Just keep on doing what you’re doing and never mind what others say,It’.non.o.you.business.Jus.leav.m.alone.If you ask me, I wouldn’t go by myself.If I were you, I’d say it’s a personal thing./it’s private.Don’t you think it’s time to make some changes now?Why not go to your teachers for help?You’d better look before you leap./You’d better be prudent.Her parents are open and fair with all their kids.There’s nothing difficult as long as we speak frankly and sincerely.She loves music and it seems that she can’t live without it.How can I put it/this nicely? It’s really hard to say.H.ha.man.strang.habits.It’.reall.difficul.t.ge.alon.wel.wit.him.We all like to stay in touch with her because she is very kind and considerate.You’d better weigh the pros and cons before making any decision.It’s always difficult to make a sound decision.Three months afterward she came to a decision to work for another company.They held several hearings to invite different public opinions.I’ve been thinking about how to make few mistakes.Take your time and I don’t want to rush you for a decision.A: Honey, I’ve been thinking.B: Huh?A: I’ve been thinking .I think I’d like to go back to work.B: Really? Why?A.Well.th.kid.ar.growin.up.Jenn.i.of.t.university.an.Te.i.goin.t.b.i.hig.schoo.nex.year.B: Uh huh, yeah, right?A: Well, I just don’t think I need to a stay-at-home mom anymore.B: But, but who’s going to make dinner and do the laundry, and who’s going to clean the house?A..don’.know.honey.bu.we’l.figur.i.ou..I’v.bee.weighin.th.pro.an.corns.an.no.i.jus.seem.lik.th.bes.tim.t.mak..change.A: Hey, how’s it going, Frank?B: Oh, not too sure.A: Oh, what’s the problem?B.It’.no.reall..problem.It’.kind.o..goo.thin...gues..A: You guess?B: Well, I applied for a job with a really good engineering firm a couple of months ago , and I talked to the boss yesterday.A: Yeah?B: And they want to hire me.A: That’s great news.B.Well.sor.o..Bu.th.downsid.i.th.job’.i.Texas..woul.hav.t.move.An.the.wan.m.t.star.i.si.w eeks.A.Ooh.Texas.That’.reall.fa.away.Wha.ar.yo.leanin.toward?B.A.thi.point.I’.seriousl.considerin.acceptin.th.offer.Bu..hav.unti.nex.wee.t.le.the.know.3.A.Hey.Jamie.yo.loo.stresse.out.What’.wrong?B: Oh, I have to choose my major this month, and I’m still undecided.A:.though.yo.wer.majorin.i.theater.Didn’.yo.sa.yo.wante.t.b.nex.Angelin.Jolie?B: Yeah, but I changed my mind last semester and started taking more psychology classes.A: Well, why don’t you do that? Y ou could be the next Sigmund Freud, the femaleversion.B:.would.bu..don’.know.I’.takin..reall.grea.physic.clas.thi.semester..totall.lov.it.A: Then why not do physics?B.S..coul.b.th.nex.Alber.Einstein.right..don’.kno.abou.that.either..kind.wan.t.tak.som.Frenc.classes.Yeah.tha.sound.good.Mayb..shoul.majo.i.French.the..can’.reall.tak.th.phys ics.An..mean.theate.stil.i..rea.fun.4A: What do you think about getting a puppy, Rick?B:A puppy? why would we do that?A: Well, I was at the supermarket today, and there was this guy with a box of Labrador puppies out front, and they are so cute.B.Yeah.o.course.the.ar.cute.Puppie.ar.alway.cute.Bu.the.ar.messy.too.A:.know.bu.yo.shoul.hav.see.them.Thei.littl.tail.an.thei.littl.faces.B.Th.proble.wit..pupp.i.tha.i.eventuall.become.dog..bi.dog.What’..bi.do.gonn.d.i.ou.litte.apartment?A.W.wil.tak.i.fo.walk..I.wil.b.great.C’mon.B:.don’.know..wil.thin.abou.it.Wh.don’.w.ge..ca.instead.Unit 6 Language1. A: Hey, Andrew! You’re back from Australia.B: Y eah, just got back yesterday.A: Well, g’day, mate! How did you like my homeland?B.Oh.man.i.wa.great.Th.peopl.wer.s.friendly.Th.weathe.wa.great.An.som.o.th.Australia.slan. yo.taugh.m.reall.cam.i.handy.A.Oh.yeah..be.yo.picke.u.som.mor.whil.yo.wer.there.B.Yep.Mm.lemm.se..kno.‘mozzies.ar.‘mosquitoes.an.‘tucker.mean.‘food’.And.o.course.Australia.Englis.i.calle.‘Strine’.A: Not bad, mate! A few more trips down under and you will be an expert in Strine!2. A: So, how did you like Professor Lee’s class?B: Man, I don’t know.A: What do you mean?B..mean.it’.har.t.pic.u.wha.sh.i.saying.He.Englis.i.s.har.t.understand.A: You think so?B: Y eah, she has a strong accent, you know.A.Well.yeah.bu.ever.ha.a.accent.Eve.yo.hav.a.accent.Her.i.jus.differen.fro.yours.that’.all! B: Sure is .A.Don’.worr.abou.it.though.You’e.t.ho.sh.talks.B: Maybe, but I’m really having a hard time understanding her right now.A.Well.mayb.yo.shoul.jus.pa.attentio.t.wha.sh.write.o.th.board.Sh.write.o.th.boar..lot..thin.se.t.her.3. A.OK.Place.everyone.’Gon.wit.th.wind,.scen.25,tak.2.An.action!B: Rhett, I only know that I love …A.Cut.Cut.Cut.Julia.you’v.go.t.wor.o.you.souther.accent.Yo.jus.don’.soun.lik.Scarlet.B: .know..know..a.jus.no.gettin.i.fo.som.reason.A: OK.It’.no.tha.hard.No..listen.I.th.souther.dialec.o.America.Englis.,th.pronou.‘I.Sound.lik.‘AH’..lov.yo.,Rhett.B.OK.Lemm.tr.thi.again.Aaa...onl.kno.tha..lov.you.A.Better.No.anothe.thing.‘R.sound.a.th.en.o.th.word.ar.ofte.dropped.S..fo.example.yo.sa.‘suga’.no.‘sugar’.B.OK.Don’.both.m.anymo’.An.don’.cal.m.suga’!A.Muc.bette.!Al.right.Place.everyone.We’r.goin.t.tr.thi.again.Light.camera.action!Real Word Listening:Part 1.Sumi interviews for the job.Unit 7 PersonalityListening Task1.Hi.I’.Michael.I’.32-year-ol.whit.male.I’dy..l ik.roc.music.dancing.an.surfing..a.lookin.fo.a.attractiv.woma.wh.like.t.part.a.muc.a..do.Surfi n.experienc.i..plus.bu.no.necessary.I.you’r.willin.t.learn.I’.willin.t.teac.you!2.I’.Anit.an.I’.34-year-ol.African-America.woman.I’.singl.an..wor.fo..majo.corporati on.I’anizatio.Greenpeace.s.respec.fo.natur.i..must.I’.lookin.fo..singl.professiona.man.3.t.40.wh.alread.ha.hi.ow.lif.bu.want.t.shar.qualit.time.H.ha .t.b.hones.abov.al.else.3.Hi.m.nam.i.Jack.I’..sensitiv.28-year-ol.guy.I’ mitment.I’.int.bodybuilding.movies.an.golf..hav..grea.jo.wit..grea.income.s.yo.don’.hav.t.b.rich.jus.fu.t.b.with.Bu.I..hopeles.i.kitchen.s.yo.hav.t.b.abl.t.cook.Let’.ge.t.kno.eac.othe.an. enjo.lif.lon.together.4.M.nam.i.Cora.an.I’..singl.Chinese-America.women.I’.i.m.mid-twenties.I.yo.lov.lon.w alk.o.th.beach.candleligh.dinners.an.intelligen.conversation.I’.lik.t.mee.you..wan..ma.wh.co me.fro..goo.family.like.t.read.an.ha..goo.sens.o.humor.Ar.yo.m.‘knigh.i.shinin.armor’? Real World Listening:Unit 8 TechnologyListening task1. A: You wouldn’t believe what happe ned to me.B: What?A: Well, I got my credit card bill yesterday ,and I was looking it over ,and there all these charges for things didn’t buy .There was a fur coat from some expensive website ,and , like ,fifty phone calls to Paris.B.Oh.no.Di.someon.stea.you.credi.card?A.No..stil.hav.th.card.bu.someon.mus.hav.gotte.th.number.Sometime.that’.al.yo.nee.t.bu.so methin.ove.th.phon.o.o.th.Internet.B : Wow ,that’s scary .A.Y pany.The.hav.identit.thef.insurance.s.they’r.goin.t.giv.m..ne.card..ne.number.an..don’.hav.t.pa.fo.an.o.tha.stuff.2. A: How’s that new computer working out, man？B.Well.har.t.say.It’.definitel..coo.machine.to.o.th.line.It’p uter.an.i.i.wa.faster.Th.thin.is.non.o.m.ol.softwar.work.i.it.A: Really?B: Y eah, it’s a new operating system, so nothing is compatible.A: Wow.B: So now I have to buy upgrades for all my programs, all the new versions of everything. A: That’s goona be expensive.B: Y ep, it’s really lame.3. A: Hey, did you get the e-mail I sent you yesterday?B..thin.so.I.wa.on.o.thos.jok.forwards.right.On.o.th.kin.tha.ar.suppose.t.b.funny.A.Y eah.i.wa..pictur.o.a.elephan.playin.baseball.Man.tha.wa.hilarious.B.Yeah.um.actually..kin.o.wis.yo.wouldn’.sen.m.al.thos.forwards..en.u.jus.deletin.the.anyho w.A.Oh.OK..didn’.realize.B.Sorry.bu.it'.jus.tha..get.like.fift.forward..day.fro.you.m.mum.m.sister.m.coworkers.M.inbo .i.alway.s.clogge.u.wit.forward.tha.sometime..don’.eve.ge.t.rea.m.rea.e-mails.importan.e-m ails.yo.know.4. A: John, you’ve been playing the video games for hours.B..know..know.It’.jus.tha..hav.t.ge.t.leve.fiv.befor..ca.tak..break.A: Well, you’ve been playing nonstop everyday like this for the past week.B.Yeah.Thi.gam.i.reall.addictive.Bu..promis.I’l.sto.jus.a.soo.a..ge.int.th.secre.room.A: The secret room?B: Y eah, but first I’ve got to get a hold a golden key.A: John, listen to yourself! I think this game is messing with you head.Unit 9 Living SituationsListening Task1. A.Hi.littl.sister.How’.you.firs.wee.awa.a.school?B: Well, I have to say that dormitory living has some major negatives.A: Like what? You don’t have a curfew, do you?B.No.an.that’.on.thin..d.like.Bu.it’.kin.o.disgustin.t.hav.t.shar..bathroo.an.shower.wit.thirt .othe.people.An.som.o.m.neighbor.part.o.schoo.nights.Th.othe.night..ha.m.firs.exam.an..wa.t ryin.t.ge..goo.night’.sleep.bu.i.wa.impossible.the.wer.s.noisy.A: Yeah, that sure sounds like a dorm life! That’s why I moved out my sophomore year. B:.thin..wil..too.2.A.M.parent.ca.s.annoying.The.don’s.nigh.m.parent.barge.int.m.roo. whil..wa.o.interne.an.wan.t.se.wha.I’.doing.B.Wow.That’.s.differen.fro.m.mom.Sh.alway.respect.m.privacy.Sh.alway.knock.befor.sh.co me.int.m.room.A.Wow.M.mu.an.da.ar.alway.snoopin.aroun.m.room.tryin.t.figur.ou.wha.I’.doing.an.the.loo.throug.m.cel.bil.t.se.who’.calling.M.mo.eve.calle.on.o.th.phon.number.sh.found!B.Oh.m.mo.neve.doe.that.I.sh.want.t.kno.wh.m.friend.are.sh.jus.ask.me.A.man.you’r.lucky.You’v.go.i.goo..go..spar.bedroo.fo.me?3. A: Anthony! Kim! How are you two lovebirds? Have you adjusted to married life yet ?B: Well, we’re still working on it !C.Yeah.right.We’r.workin.o.it.A:I guess it takes a while to get used to each other’s habits , huh?C: Yeah, well, you know, I’m a bit of a n eat freak.A: yeah, I know.C: and Anthony, well, let’s just say he’s a little on the messy side.B.yeah.differen.styles..guess.An.the.there’.th.littl.proble.o.sleepin.a.night.Sh.talk.i.he.sleep. C: Or so he says .B: it’s true .you do!C: and he snores! Between the two of us, we can’t seem to get much rest.A: looks like you two still have a lot to get used to.4. A: Harry, Have you been using my iPod again ?B: Alice! don’t get so uptightA: And my new headphones, too？You creep!B: Well, OK, I was g oing to put them back .Anyway, what’s the big deal ?A: The big deal is that it is so disrespectful to take things without asking .B: Well, how about you? Y ou’re always borrowing my sweaters, and jerseys, and stuff.A: Yeah, well, that’s different.B: I d on’t think so.Unit 10 SurvivalLISTENING TASK1.Cilby.Yeah..ha.a.experienc.i..disaste.onc..I.wa..rea.life-changin.experience..wa.i.th.Alask .rang.climbin.Moun.Forake.wit..coupl.o.friend..nea.th.en.o.ou.tri.,.stor.move.i..th.mountai.ju s.wen.craz..i.wa.unbelievabl..Th.rock.an.sno.starte.falling.an.w.wer.knocke.80.fee.dow.th.sid. o.th.mountai...don’ter..wok.u..m.shoulde.wa.brok en.an..wa.separate.fro.m.friend.an.wa.jus.i..kin.o.daze.I.too.m.thre.day.t.ge.t.th.botto.o.th.mountain..ha.t.kee.m.eye.ope.an.jus.ignor.th.pai..bu..final l.mad.i.t.safet..2.Sue.Once..reall.though.i.wa.al.ove.fo.me.I.wa..Sunda.morning.Ma.eighteent.t.exact..wa.camp e.nort.o.Mt.St.Helens.an.w.wer.packin.u.ou.ten. whe.boom.whe.i.erupted.Withi.minutes.nearl.ever.tre.aroun.u.ha.bee.rippe.ou.o.th.ground.. wa.blow.int..dee.hol.lef.b.on.o.th.trees..pulle.mysel.ou.o.th.hole.bu.the.ic.chunk.starte.failin.fr o.th.sky!Mart.ha.bee.hur.prett.badl.b..failin.tree.s..ha.t.ge.help..mad.hi..littl.shelte.an.the.walke.th.res .o.th.da.t.fin.help.I.wa.reall.painfu.becaus..wa.knee-dee.i.ashe.almos.th.whol.wa..Tha.night.a.emergenc.helicopte.finall.sa.me..wa.neve.s.thankfu.i.m.life.3.Kubra.I’l.neve.forge.th.bi.earthquak.i.Turkey.I.wa.th.middl.o.th.night.an..wa.sleeping.whe..fel..shar.j olt.Bam..sa.u.i.be.lik..bol.o.lightning.Th.nex.thing..kne.,.ha.falle.throug.th.floo.int..hol.an.thi ng.hittin.m.hea.an.body.I.wasn’.lon.befor..realize.tha.th.buildin.ha.collapsed.o.to.o.me..calle.fo.m.parents.bu.nobod.answered.s..trie.t.di.mysel.out.N.luck..wa.unde.to.deep.Ther.wa. nothin.t.d.bu.wai.fo.help..fel.ver.scare.i.th.darkness.bu..kep.playin.littl.game.i.m.hea.an.singi n.song.an.thinkin.o.thing..wante.t.d.i.th.future.Afte.te.hours..hear.someon.cal.m.nam.an.sa..tin.ligh.shin.dow.o.me..wa.saved!。

计算机课程介绍英语作文In the modern era, where technology is an integral part of our daily lives, understanding the basics of computer science is not just a valuable skill but a necessity. This essay aims to introduce a comprehensive computer science course designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills required to navigate the digital world effectively.The course begins with the fundamentals, ensuring that every student, regardless of their prior experience with computers, can grasp the core concepts. We start by exploring thehistory of computing, from the early abacus to the modern supercomputers, to provide a contextual understanding of how far we've come and where we're headed.Moving on to the hardware, students are introduced to the various components of a computer system, including thecentral processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and peripheral devices. They learn how these components work together to perform complex tasks with ease.The curriculum then delves into software, starting with operating systems and their role in managing computer resources. Students will also study programming languages, beginning with a high-level overview before moving on to learn a specific language, such as Python or Java, through hands-on coding exercises.An essential part of the course is understanding algorithms and data structures, which are the backbone of efficient programming. Students will learn how to design, analyze, and implement algorithms, as well as how to choose the right data structures for different applications.Cybersecurity is a critical topic in today's world, and the course covers the basics of protecting information from unauthorized access. Students will learn about encryption, firewalls, and other security measures that are crucial for safeguarding digital assets.Another key component of the course is networking, where students learn how computers communicate with each other over a network. They will explore the Internet's structure, protocols like TCP/IP, and the concept of the World Wide Web.To stay relevant in the ever-evolving field of technology, the course also touches on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These topics provide students with a glimpse into the future of computing and inspire them to explore further.The course is designed to be interactive, with a blend of lectures, practical exercises, group projects, and guest lectures from industry professionals. This approach ensures that students not only understand the theoretical aspects of computer science but also gain practical experience that is invaluable in the job market.In conclusion, our computer science course is a well-rounded program that prepares students for the challenges and opportunities of the digital age. By the end of the course, students will have a solid foundation in computer science, enabling them to pursue further studies or careers in technology-related fields.。

Technology教案（通用6篇）Technology教案（通用6篇）Technology教案篇3Technology教案篇4reading to learnthis section includes three articles on technological achievements and on problems arising from technological achievements.nasa rover wakes up on marswithout the books open, write the title of this text on the board. have ss predict what the text is about from thetitle.questions:what’s the subject in this title? what do you think a nasa rover could be? what is the verb? give other examples that wake up. what is the object? what is mars? how can you travel to mars? would this be a person or thing that would travel to mars? what type of technology will we read about in this text? does anyone is the class know something about mars that they could share with the class?there is a lot of new vocabulary in this text. assign the reading for homework and have the ss categorize the new vocabulary into the following groupsfind all the words or phrases related to the rover space craft.find all the words or phrases related to the mars planetfind all the words or phrases related to nasapeople/scientistsdiscuss post –reading activities with the classtechnology for a nation again, without the book open discuss the title .have the ss make predictions about the text.questions when did china send a person to space?who was that person that traveled into space?how did china succeed in send a person into space?what is involved in sending a human being into space?when did china begin to develop spacetechnology?what have chinese scientists achieved over the years?ask the ss to imagine or predict what will happen in two years from now in space technology. will one of then will travel into space in the future?teaching tip predictions encourage the ss to relay on prior knowledge and interpretations of the title words.ruddell,martha.assign the reading for homework.discuss post –reading activities in the following lessoncheck students’ predictions with information in the text.mother sues nestle over lack of gm milk label1. scmp stand for south china morning post, a major english newspaper based in hongkong 2. nestle: nestle with headquarters in vevey, switerland was founded in 1866 by henry nestle, a pharmacist, who developed a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. his first success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mother’s milk or any of the u sual substitutes. people quickly recognized the value of the new product, after nestle’s new formula saved the child’s life ,and soon, farine lactee henri nestle was being sold in much of europe.3. nestle is today the world’s biggest food and beverage comp any. the number of it s employees is about 253 000. it has factories or operations in almost every country in the world.4. before introducing the text have a discuss about labels. bring in several items with labels, for example: a can of bamboo shoots, dried noodles, dried soup, tomato sauce, ketchup, etc. divide the ss into groups and hand out an item to each group. introduce the word “ingredient” .have the students identify the ingredients in each item. this can also be named “labeling” the ingredients. explain that the first ingredient has the highest content. the next ingredient is second in content and so on.5. introduce the following vocabulary : products and consumers .use the items that you have brought to class to show that in the retail worldthe name for everything that is bought and sold is product. the people that buy the product are called consumers.6. again, write the title of the text on the board. discuss the meaning of the words in the title. ask the ss to identify subject, verb and object.questions do you think this mother likes to drink milk that is made from a gm food ?would you drink or eat something with gm foods?do you think she won or lost the case?what other nestle products have you eaten or drank?ask the ss guess what the text will be about. remember during the discussion it is important to accept students’ all predictions . making no judgments about how correct the predictions are to the title.ask the students to read the text for homework of in groups. discuss post-reading activities. check the students’ predictions with the information in the text.Technology教案篇5m7 unit1 reading: living with technology（the first class）enable the students to grasp key words, phrases and sentences both orally and in written form学习目标：1.to learn the usage of important words and phrases2.practice the new words and phrases by exercises3.review and practice typical sentences and grammar学习重点与难点：1. it 的用法2. apply 的详细用法写出下列单词的汉语意思。

综合学术英语教程2 答案之相礼和热创作Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to becomeexperts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problemsolvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascinationwith nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as touse their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting backand letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds andparticipate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of theirMIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great manyextraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.(Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology froma liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ...However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading.Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological andmedical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way oflife.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adaptingto the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interestswell beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for moreemphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role intraining individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to facemultifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities andcolleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinarywork being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiringknowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gatheringobservable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observationand experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experimentsto test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication andthe results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our sensescan be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presenceaffects what is being studied.5) ① Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.② Science is exciting.③ Science is useful.④ Science is ongoing.⑤ Science is reliable.⑥ Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peeringthrough a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity withinthe scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which“verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to befalse, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at theprice of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted andwere always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possibleresults of observation —in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would haveexpected.4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once youdevelop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of yourexperiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified,which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while atheory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied toevery situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory fromrefutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivableevent is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn moreabout what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para.D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlightappear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’tmatch up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that youmade a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a researchproject you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and isfollowed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defineswhat you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research(12) support(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) D(10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to theWest.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will beultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, whilethe latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying aproblem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment andreaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f 2) k 3) c 4) a 5) o 6) n 7) g8) e9) d10) m 11) i12) h13) j14) l15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas. 3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing onthe general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was tooacademic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselveslost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know thetruth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities andall crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d2) e3) a4) b5) c6) g7) f8) hSet 2: 1) d2) g3) e4) h5) b6) a7) c8) f5. Para. A (e)Para. B (b)Para. C (f)Para. D (a)Para. E (a)Para. F (a) Para. G (c) Para. H (g) Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c2) g3) h4) b5) f6) d7) a8) eSet 2: 1) c2) d3) g4) e5) a6) b7) f8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the factthat the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply takethem for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives toillustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2)The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafterdepended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science,technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe toChina in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstancethat the feudalism ofEurope and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally suddenrush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If greatachievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to thinkthat they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration(5) resurgent(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary 4. (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) B(5) A(6) A(7) C(8) D(9) B (10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century.(2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields. (10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success asfor more money.8. A. (1) C(2) B(3) D(4) D(5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese historyof science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries likefireworks, land mine-s，naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The。