21世纪研究生英语（综合教程2）练习题答案
Unit One
Text A Putting in a Good Word for Guilt
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) They think guilt is a bad thing for one’s psychology, and if you want to live with true liberation, you should get rid of the sense of guilt and try to believe everything and everybody is OK, no matter what you have done.
(2) Under this kind of conception, people try to ignore the sense of guilt without finding out its real meaning in life. And it’s somewhat like self deceiving to say everything is ok because in deeper conscience, people will still feel uneasy if sense of guilt is not dealt with properly.
(3) Some people can go through their lives without a moment of guilt, while the other group of people may feel guilty just for being alive.
(4) A sense of guilt, as well as a sense of duty, can urge us to do the right thing when we may not feel like doing it. In that way, a sense of guilt is the great civilizer of our basic conscience and the maintainer of our behavior.
(5) Y ou can either change the opinion of a perfect image so that you’ll feel less guilty when failing to achieve something, or change the behavior in a way that is more in accord with your right conscience.
2. V ocabulary
(1) slaying (2) obsessively (3) ingrained (4) hustles
(5) inflicted (6) commandment/stampede (7) infidelities
(8) qualms (9) catatonic
3. Paraphrase
(1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that period of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists solved people’s mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything.
(2) In the past, it was commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.
(3) What’s more, we would never be one of those who give up th eir guilt while becoming more and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.
(4) There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be one of them or guide our children to be one of them.
(5) In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now an old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There is a great difference between our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.
(6) If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thing full of strength and humanness.
(7) In some aspect, the so called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because
we don’t want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.
(8) In that aspect, guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good people instead of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.
4. Cloze
(2) responsibility(3) reason(4) triggered(5) anxiety(6) committed(7) criticism(8) empathy(9) develop(10) violates(11) value(12) intended(13) fulfill(14) generally(15) failing(16) intended(17) biochemical (18) judged(19) since(20) nature5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
究其最深层最彻底的含义，内疚感是我们心中一个渴望被捕获的罪犯。做错了事就产生这种可怕的、发自内心的感觉。这正如麦克白夫人满脑子想的那个别人看不到的血点一样……而且我们还不能四处张望。
没有内疚就等于没有良知。感觉不到内疚的人给他人造成痛苦后心情照样不错，结果他们就心安理得地接着给别人制造痛苦。我们什么不要都可以，唯独不能不要良知。
弗洛伊德曾说过：“上帝在良知方面处理不当，有些粗心，大多数人生来良知就不算多，要么就少的不值一提。”
这里说明一点，我并不是建议每个人报名参加寻找内疚之旅。然而，我们必须对以下两种观点加以区分：一种认为我们所有人都应该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚；另一种则断言受压迫者是“命里注定”。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.
(2) On the coming of the New Y ear, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a while and call his parents.
(3) In a time of change, young people often put self interest in the first place and tune out social commitment.
(4) The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.
(5) As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them.
Text B Ambition
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. F 10. T
Unit Two
Text A In the Beginning: God and Science
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) “Immaterial” has two senses: (a) Of no importance or relevance, inconsequential or irrelevant;
(b) Having no material body or form. It seems that people have taken the conception that religion or spiritual activity is of no importance in human’s life.
(2) The Steady State theory that the universe just exists infinitively without generation and
destruction.
(3) Because they seem to get some confirmation from the science of the creation of world described in Bible.
(4) Because it is one of the basic scientific principle that every effect has a cause, but the creation of the universe, as the starting point of everything, has no cause, which contradicts with the principle.
(5) Of course it is not the final conclusion about the creation of world. But both scientific and religious fields should take some effort to explore with proper awe the unknown area that is suggested by it.
2. V ocabulary
(2) serenity (3) ignites (4) receding(5) subversive(6) convergence (7) provisional(8) defies (9) concur (10) becoming3. Paraphrase
(1) It’s hard and even intolerable to imagine the infinitive universe, like the endless time, but this idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.
(2) However, in recent decades, the Steady State model of universe has been substituted in scientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full of forceful actions.
(3) The Big Bang theory makes some astronomers very uneasy, but at the same time, creates a little excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief in creation.
(4) Science educed the Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption and testification and even unexpected but pleasant incidents, which share little interest with ideology.
(5) Many theologians also agree that the similar points of religion and science on the issue of creation is accidental without deep significance.
(6) Some scientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude of dealing with the fact.
(7) Y et, actually everyone, including scientists and common religious persons, is possessed by the confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it.
(8) People who are engaged in the hi tech field need something from spirit and ethics to conduct their work.
(9) The Big Bang theory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation that human can develop, but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requires effort and appropriate respect from both religion and science.
4. Cloze
(2) deeply(3) movements(4) longing(5) endeavor(6) present(7) religious(8) suffice(9) varying(10) experience(11) primitive(12) evokes(13) stage(14) poorly(15) creates(16) depend(17) handed(18) disposed(19) degree(20) basis5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢?
对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of them with fear.
(2) Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground to the enemy.
(3) He found with embarrassment that his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, on whom he used to play trick.
(4) Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their personal interest.
(5) Tourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this palace.
Text B Science and Religion
Ⅱ. Key to the exercises
1.T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F
6. F
7.T8 T9 F10 T
Unit Three
Text A Privacy and Property on the Net
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) The writer intends to show there exists hypocrisy in government’s confidentiality protections.
(2) The author implies to satirize that copyright fails to fulfill its function that it was intended to perform, that is, to protect performers, either celebrities or unknown performers, equally. Instead, it states a distinction between them.
(3) Citizens’ privacy is violated by government surveillance (refer to para. 7).
(4) Scientists can utilize data mining. Although internet based research like data mining has its drawbacks such as lack of reliability, impossibility of impartiality, the writer still holds the view that “internet research could benefit science, as well a s society.”
(5) Government should keep pace with the societal development and timely update its policies on privacy and property based on appropriate research.
2. V ocabulary
(1) confidential (2) facilitate (3) bizarre (4) innovation
(5) surveillance (6)incidentally (7) administered (8) deregulation
3. Paraphrase
(1) Although privacy and property are firmly established in the history of human development, they vary as the social criteria change.
(2) They two are based on experience and can be scientifically true. However, they may be proved wrong in some domains like social aspects.
(3) Court officials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful cases then specify those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.
(4) Information technology can not provide convincing answers to such questions thus ending up being doubted by public, following nuclear power and genetic engineering.
(5) Internet based investigations might succeed, but they are usually less reliable than traditional
randomly sampled polls.
4. Cloze
(1) sophisticated(2) protect(3) named(4) employed(5) one(6) decode(7) only(8) public(9) possessed(10) periodically(11) forge(12) Another(13) limit(14) privileges(15) accountable(16) confidential(17) access(18) difficult(19) mixture(20) symbols5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢？是否会出现意外的后果？公众是否能接受？如果不能很好地回答这些问题，信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。网络调查倒是大有前途，但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是，政府以安全为目的进行数据收集和整合，但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公正的，因为要想获得科学的公正性，研究就必须公开进行。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The news rendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship in the contest.
(2) After every Spring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.
(3) How can you tell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?
(4) Under the threat of terroris ts’ attacks government has to sift through heaps of mails every day.
(5) The conference committes’ members are discussing whether the topic should fall under this session’s theme.
Text B Looking for Community on the Internet
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. T
8.T
9. F10. F
Unit Four
Text A The New Whiz Kids (I)
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) A whiz kid, also called a child prodigy, usually refers to a person who is unusually intelligent, clever or successful, especially at an early age. Whiz kid is often used to refer to the intelligent, promising but inexperienced young officials in Kennedy’s cabinet, for example, Robert McNamara and Harold Brown.
(2) Because young Asian American students are superachievers in their eyes: they are setting the educational pace for the rest of America, cutting a dazzling figure at the country’s finest schools, and they are exceptionally excellent on the math section of SA T. A higher percentage of these young people complete high school and finish college than white American students.
(3) There are some reasons: first, “they work harder”—they spend more time on their homework, take more courses and graduate with more credits than other American students; seco nd, “It involves a variety of national, cultural and religious heritages.” For instance, they view education as the ticket to success; they credit the influence of their educated parents.
(4) No. Even the country’s best universities set admissions quotas t o restrict the numbers of Asian
Americans on campus. Before 1965, the exclusionary quotas even prevent them from going to America.
(5) The inclination for math and science can be partly explained by the fact that Asian American students generally have better knowledge in math but little or no knowledge of English and they feel there will be less discrimination in areas like math and science as they will be judged more objectively. What is more, they are influenced by the promise that the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with a liberal arts degree.
2. V ocabulary
(1) rudiments/ affluence(2) peers(3) stereotype/ paragons
(4) conceals(5) telling(6) inclination
3. Paraphrase
(1) No matter how these young Asian American students (mainly Chinese, Korean and Indochinese) came, they are setting up good examples for other American students and an amazingly large number of them were enrolled by the best US universities.
(2) They are graduating far above the average in the math part of SA T.
(3) All this seems to be another version of success story for the American Dream, which is an example showing that immigrants are urged to get continuous success so that it will be possible for their nation to become prosperous.
(4) Asian American students believe that their being regarded as the few excellent students will be a misleading label, which will limit their personality and the real problems will be hidden.
(5) The phrase “Asian American”involves all kinds of legacies concerning the corresponding nation, culture and religion.
(6) Asian American students tended to be educated in the fields of math and science when they came to US for further study, partly because they are good at math yet poor in English.
4. Cloze
(6) language (7) for (8) licensed (9) system (10) compatible(11) ultimate (12) fortune (13) estimates (14) private (15) extraordinary(16) view (17) oil (18) perils (19) where(20) into5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
过去的三十年，在文化、种族及阶级层次等方面均截然不同的大批亚洲移民涌入美国，改变了美籍亚裔的群体结构，使第一代移民占据绝对优势，呈现出多样化的趋势。如此大量及多样化的移民潮对美籍亚裔的影响是多方面的。人口的迅速增长提高了亚裔的政治经济权力，同时为亚裔研究的发展提供了具有批评眼光的大众。在全美各校园里，亚裔要么是人数最多、要么是增长速度最快的少数民族群体，他们对亚裔研究的强烈兴趣使当时受财政困难制约的各高校开设了这门课程。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Bi lly’ s mother blindly equates a good boy with a boy who can learn well.
(2) There is a natural inclination in old men to be talking of themselves.
(3) We must credit them with our good intention in doing such a seemingly cruel thing.
(4) Practice repeatedly proves that history is the most telling witness.
(5) He concealed the bad news from his mother because it is the Mother’s Day today.
Text B The New Whiz Kids (Ⅱ)
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.F
5.F
6.T
7.F
8.T
9.F
Unit Five
Text A Using Popular Movies in Psychotherapy
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) This essay mainly discusses cinematherapy. The psychotherapist is using popular movies in psychotherapy.
(2) The goal is to help clients look at their situations from a novel perspective, because we sometimes understand ourselves best while listening to a story about another person.
(3) Bibliotherapy is a technique employed in the 1930s by psychiatrist Carl Menninger, who assigned fiction and nonfiction readings to hospitalized psychiatric patients to expand their horizons and redirect their attention. Cinematherapy is a similar intervention, but it benefits from many practical advantages that movies have when people watch TV more than they read books. (4) “One True Thing”: a movie about an estranged daughter Renee Zellweger and her mother Meryl Streep who is dying of cancer, proved useful in treating a woman who entered psychotherapy in hopes of improving her relationship with her 21 year old daughter.
(5) In the current therapy environment, it is important to get at critical issues as quickly as possible. Films can do that better than almost any other art medium because they are emotionally rich, treat relevant themes, and are easy to obtain at the neighborhood video store. It is much more likely that busy people will spend two hours watching a film.
(6) Because, first, we want clients to watch films in an environment that is therapeutically friendly. Second, it is sometimes necessary to watch a picture several times to mine the therapeutic gold. With videotapes, it is just a matter of rewinding and playing again. Finally, viewing a movie therapeutically is different from seeing it merely for pleasure. When we are absorbed in the plot of a movie, we do not pay as much attention to character development. The heart and soul of cinematherapy is in noting how characters change during the course of the story.
(7) The author asked him to see the picture because he was not completely conscious of how life with his own father had shaped his behavior; after seeing the movie, he used the word “abusive” for the first time. It was a key change and very essential to treatment. He could not see the man he was becoming until he saw a character from the movie acting out that role.
(8) Because his mother described his father as god like and thought of him as a wonderful man, kind, gentle, and courageous, the author was convinced he would never be the man his father was; after he saw the movie “Saving Private Ryan,” a strange thing happened. For the first time, he realized how his only 23 father really was in World War Ⅱ. He was mortal, and thus real. He was just a very young man, alone, afraid, and trying to survive. Then an unbearable weight was lifted from his shoulders.
2. V ocabulary
(1) integrate(2) eloped(3) reconciled(4) exclusively(5) munch(6) abusive(7) lecturing(8) articulate3. Paraphrase
(1) Our teenage son is lively and troublesome. But the reason that I come here is that I’m very concerned about my daughter aged 21.
(2) During the period of the past 21 years, I have always tried to persuade my kids to believe that if they want to live a better life, they should receive a higher education.
(3) She said: “if you tend to love the things you own rath er than to think about something that you have lost, you will feel happy easier.”
(4) From an aesthetic point of view, some films we use are not ideal; critics, in fact, dislike many movies we most often want clients to watch, which is not important.
(5) I was willing to take the risk of understanding his mind without scolding him concerning his film choice. I prepare for more useful conversations selected from movies in the future.
(6) She didn’t realize that the more she described him as a wonderful man, like God in his qualities, the more I was sure I could never reach his excellence.
4. Cloze
(1) down(2) and(3) rationally(4) unfamiliar(5) as(6) into(7) effective(8) learn(9) out(10) gives(11) different(12) easily(13) but(14) with(15) use[](16) behavioral(17) helpful(18) by(19) problems(20) needs5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
经历过一次痛苦的离婚，一场使得十多岁的女儿对自己形同陌路的监护权争夺战以及一次中年危机之后，斯蒂芬·德沃曼决定以自己遭遇的麻烦为原形制作并导演一部电影。影片中的妻子长有一张蜥蜴的面孔。他在加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡市距前妻的住宅仅5个街区的一个电影院里首映了这部电影。德沃曼为筹拍《离婚，音乐喜剧》卖掉了他的商业电视及广告咨询生意的一半，现在他希望保本甚至赚点钱。46岁的德沃曼说：“这绝不是为了报复。我压根儿没有这种念头。”
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The arrogant young man is so critical that he found it hard to identify with any of the characters in this novel.
(2) The pharmaceutical factory has teamed up with a research institute of a medical college to develop a new cough medicine.
(3) The latest movie of the famous director is concerned with later marriage.
(4) They set the stage for a military coup after the president’s death.
(5) My older brother owes his success more to his ability than to my parents’ support.
Text B The Foundations of Personality
Key to the exercises
1.F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. T
Unit Six
Text A On the Sense of Humor
Ⅳ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) According to Lin Y utang, humor is the highest form of human intelligence because it goes with good se nse, the reasonable spirit and some subtle powers of the mind. It’s very useful in changing the quality and character of our entire cultural life because of its chemical function. For example, it helps humorists see larger things; it goes to the very root of culture, and opens a way to the
coming of the Reasonable Age in the future human world; it’s full of common sense, philosophy and simplicity, with which the prevalence of humorous thinking can finally be achieved.
(2) The author uses Kaiser Wilhelm and Franklin D. Roosevelt as two examples to illustrate his ideas that humor is very important in national life. The former is the negative example while the latter is positive.
(3) The politicians are described as “the able, the clever, and the ambitious and haughty...the most cowardly and muddleheaded, lacking in the courage and depth and subtlety of the humorists. They are forever dealing with trivialities,” while the humorists are described as having “greater sweep of mind.” As argued by the author, a humorist can definitely be a good diplomat, at least “any war can still be averted.”
(4) (open)
(5) Simplicity is not only the outward symbol of deep thought, but also the ideal for civilization and culture; and it is the sense of humor nourishes simplicity. Th erefore, “a sane and reasonable spirit, characterized by simplic ity of living and thinking, can be achieved only when there is a very much greater prevalence of humorous thinking.”
(6) Starting from humorist who is of course full of sense of humor, the author proves his idea through a persuasive rational analysis: “...a humorist keeps closer touch with facts, ... indulges in flashes of common sense or wit, which show up the contradictions of our ideas with reality with lightning speed, thus greatly simplifying matters. Constant contact with reality gives the humorist a bounce, and also a lightness and subtlety. All forms of pose, sham, learned nonsense, academic stupidity and social humbug are politely but effectively shown the door.... All is simple. All is clear.”
2．V ocabulary
(1) share (2) virtuosity(3) presupposes(4) degenerate
(5) perceived(6) cowardly (7) catastrophic (8) arduous
3．Paraphrase
(1) I am not sure whether we have totally understood the importance of humor, the possibility of its use in changing the quality and character of our entire cultural life, for example, its importance in politics, scholarship, and the whole life.
(2) As for me, the most profound criticism about autocracy is that presidents of democratic nations can laugh; whereas autocrats always show a very serious facial expression as if they were doing something extremely important and they are the only persons that can save the world.
(3) If we send these humorists to a conference just before an awful war is about to take plac e, we will see that a European war will never start however hard they try.
(4) After all, the only important thing is the birth of a new race that is full of reasonable spirit, good sense, simple thinking, good tempered and civilized.
(5) At present, we must admit that simplicity of life and thought is the highest and most reasonable ideal of civilization and culture; we must also admit that when a civilization loses it, and the complicated people do not go back to the naivete or simplicity, that civilization will meet with troubles and even collapse.
(6) It is difficult to have a clear thought, thus it is even more difficult to achieve simplicity in that simplicity comes from clear thoughts.
(7) Humor is the highest form of human intelligence because it is definitely related with good sense and reasonable spirit, and we are quite able to find out discrepancies, stupidities and bad
logic. Therefore, it is safe to believe that each nation will surely have their mentally healthy representatives.
(8) Digestion and maturity are the preconditions of simplicity: as we grow older, our thoughts become clearer while those unimportant or even false aspects are eliminated and stop to bother us. Correct ideas take on clearer shapes and long trains of thought slowly become a simple formula which comes to us one bright morning, then we would arrive at a bright realm of wisdom. 4．Cloze
[WX((3)8*2,7*3。3〗(1) to (2) Comedy (3) with(4) nature (5) surprises (6) spectator(7) types(8) happily (9) circumstances (10) another 〖〗(11) humor (12) While(13) laughter (14) vary (15) partners (16) witnessed (17) everyday (18) sick(19) manner(20) merged5．Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
我们现在必须承认：生活及思想的简朴性是文明与文化的最崇高最健全的理想，同时也必须承认当一种文明失掉了它的简朴性，而浸染习俗，熟悉世故的人们不再回到天真纯朴的境地时，文明就会到处充满困扰，日益退化下去。于是人类变成在他自己所产生的观念、思想、志向和社会制度之下，当着奴隶，负荷这个思想、志向，和社会制度的重担，而似乎无法摆脱它。幸而人类的心智尚有一种力量，能够超脱一切观念、思想、志向而付之一笑，这种力量就是幽默家的微妙之处。幽默家运用思想和观念，就像高尔夫球或弹子戏的冠军运用他们的球，或牧童冠军运用他们的缰绳一样。他们的手法，有一种因熟练而产生的从容，有着把握和轻快的技巧。总之，只有那个能轻快地运用他的观念的人，才是他的观念主宰，只有那个能做他的观念主宰的人，才不被观念所奴役。严肃终究不过是努力的标记，而努力又只是不熟练的标志。一个严肃的作者在观念的领域里是呆笨局促的，正如一个暴发户在社交场中那样呆笨而不自然一样。他很严肃，因为他和他的观念相处还不曾达于自然。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) I appreciated his problem in learning English very much, but I don’t think I can help hi m.
(2) He attended the party in the name of his father, because his father is far away in America.
(3) Smith tried hard to think what could have hapened, but nothing suggested itself to him.
(4) After having insulted his host unconsciously, the servant was shown the door.
(5) Hilaire Belloc believes that “one never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not transcend phenomena.”
Text B Confession of a Humorist
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. T
2.T
3.F
4.T
5.F
6.F
7.F
8.T
Unit Seven
Text A Enterprising Women
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) She is a woman who is creative, hardworking and diligent, and she has a very strong sense of self achievements.
(2) She became successful in her business mainly by self struggling.
(3) Oradee is an expert in planting flowers and knows much about this field, but she began to do business only after she randomly talked with her brother about the planting and export of flowers.
(4) People can live a good life on this really high profit business, which is what she had in her mind, i.e. to help to develop cut flower export industries.
(5) It was soon after China’s open door policy to the world.
(6) Three.
2．V ocabulary
(2)verge (3)turn (4)irrigate (5)bustling (6)contend (7) legwork 3. Paraphrase
(1) Liew changed her job and began to work in a big department store. There, she worked very hard and was promoted from a buyer manager to a merchandise manager.
(2) Li ew says that she would never have achieved what she had today /she wouldn’t be so successful as she is today, if she were not fired at her middle age.
(3) “Sometimes, you have to make full advantages of your situation.”
(4) Though she had frequent and energetic contact with the outside world, she still often appeared in the busy Chatuchat market.
(5) Although her father’s position and reputation made it easier for her business, Wu had to do the practical work by herself.
4．Cloze
(2) represent (3) globalization (4) mainly (5) employed (6) manufacturing (7) due (8) open (9) training (10) than (11) average (12) variations (13) earn (14) opportunities (15) men
(16) work (17) elder (18) responsibility (19) jobs (20) home5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
中国的男人在过去普遍要受三种优系统的权利（政权、族权、神权）的支配……至于女子，除了受上述三种权力的支配以外，还受男子的支配（夫权）。这四种权力——政权、族权、神权、夫权，代表了全体封建宗法的思想和制度，是束缚中国人特别是农民的四根极粗的绳索。但是，当今世界的妇女，有权通过各种途径和形式，管理国家大事，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。她们享有与男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) He quickly donned a welcoming smile as his guest arrived.
(2) I’m rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor.
(3) They are somehow estranged.
(4)That Government clashed with Opposition on the question of unemployment.
(5) That song is so reminiscent of my adolescence.
Text B Women Warriors
Key to the exercises
1.F
2.F
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.T
7.F
8.F
Unit Eight
Text A Dolly’s False Legacy
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) The focus is on moral and medical implications. Ian Wilmot believes what are missed in the discussion are: cloning is a very inefficient procedure; all the reasons for people to have a clone seem impractical; there is a lot we do not know about the effects of cloning, especially in terms of aging and the most appropriate means of controlling the development and use of these techniques.
(2) The author lists a number of possible reasons:
a. Couples unable to have children might choose to have a copy of one of them rather than accept the intrusion of genes from a donor.
b. A cloned child was imagined to create hypothetical families —a copy of one partner in a homosexual relationship or of a single parent, for example.
c. Cloning is also suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed tragically.
d. Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams.
(3) From this example we can know the author’s against the idea of copying people. He thinks it would be ridiculous as well as impossible for all three of them (his wife, himself and the copy of him) to be confronted with one another. For more examples, refer to answers to the previous question.
(4) Sentences indicating the development of the text are like:
a. ...cloning is a very inefficient procedure.
b. Even if the technique were perfected, however, we must ask ourselves what practical value whole being cloning might have.
c. Why “copy” people in the first place?
d. Moreover, there is a lot we do not know about the effects of cloning, ...
(5) A lot remains unknown to us about cloning, such as the issue of aging, genetic errors, biology associated with cloning and technical control.
2. V ocabulary
(1) sparked(2) incidence(3) emerges(4) intrinsic(5) frame(6)specifing(7) championed(8) justified3. Paraphrase
(1) 〖ZK(#](This is an inserted sentence) The fact that cloning is a very inefficient procedure is neglected in the debate about the morality of cloning.
(2) The high failure rate of cloning disappoints people working with animals, which makes it hard to imagine to apply the technology to human beings.
(3) Infertile couples may prefer a child copied from one of themselves to one whose gene comes from a third person.
(4) How could a teenager who is a copy of me stand to look at me and accept that what I look like is what he will be like in future?
(5) What should we do if the child cannot achieve what the parent expects of him simply because of bad luck?
(6) In natural reproduction, the production of sperm and eggs can make it possible to restart the age cycle of biological clock — i.e. each new child can experience the periods of growing up and growing old.
(7) People assume that governments should control the issues of production and sale of drugs, but in fact sometimes governments failed to do that.
4. Cloze
(1) verb (2) identical(3) themselves(4) splitting(5) genetically(6) clones(7) sexual(8) carries(9)
which(10) offspring(11) either(12) organisms(13) differs(14) depending(15) take(16) of(17) place(18) from(19) divides(20) as5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
为何首先要“复制”人呢？不能生育的夫妇可能选择复制他们自己之一而不接受捐献者的基因。我和妻子生有两个孩子，又领养了一个，但是假使克隆一个我自己来弥补不能生育的遗憾的话，那对我的婚姻意味着什么？这样的换位思考非常有益。我与妻子在高中相识。她将如何面对让她陷入爱河的那个年轻人的克隆？如果我们任何人发现和自己生活在一起，我们会做出什么反应？当然，那个被克隆的人——当前情况下，也就是我——将认为他理解他的复制品的行为，因而比起一般的父亲，他更可能强加一些愿望在孩子身上。但是，最重要的是，一个十多岁的孩子怎样能忍受这样的情形：看着我——一个日渐秃顶、衰老的人——明白这就是他将来的模样？
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) In the event of rain, the rugby game long expected by fans will have to be postponed.
(2) People have doubts if the measure taken by the company is in the interests of majority of employees.
(3) In order to live up to parents’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to become an excellent pianist.
(4) On what ground did you say that the official had taken bribes? If you c ouldn’t offer us any clues, it would be unlikely for us to make investigations.
(5) Terrorism is becoming rampant. However, we always believe that the cause of counter terrorism will for sure succeed one day, based on an alliance between nations and championed by people from all around the world.
Text B The Issue of Human Cloning
Ⅱ．Key to the exercises
1.F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
8. T
9. F10. F
Unit Nine
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) As President Clinton addresses to Chinese students, by citing the words written by Chinese he closes the distance between Americans and Chinese to show: freedom is not only our ideal, it is also your ideal and we share your ideas.
(2) In order to make his speech authoritative and convincing.
(3) It refers to the freedom from want. True freedom also includes freedom of speech.
(4) Evidence in the 3rd paragraph.
(5) It is used to defend the President against the critics. According to Franklin, since the American President has more critics, he has more friends.
(6) From the historical point of view, President Clinton points out that China has a long, proud history, but still young and is capable of making a still prouder history in future and the united States wants to be China’s friend.
2. V ocabulary
(1) divergent (2)coup (3)conviction (4)millennium
(5)enshrined (6)odds (7)unprecedented(8)imposed
3. Paraphrase
(1) The gift from China conveys American people’s wish; that is the right to...
(2) These are the ideals that were the main principle of the founding of our nation.
(3) I have seen the new emergence of democracy developing in the remote villages of the inlands in China.
(4) The question is what we should do in future and how we work together to do good to humans.
(5) The President of the United states now has more friends than anyone else .But it is really true.
(6) It is to your advantage and the world’s for the young Chinese to develop the greatest potential of their minds freely.
(7) Faced with great difficulties in the 20th century, China has not only survived, it is making dramatic progress as well.
4. Cloze
(2)comes (3)authority (4)people (5)democratic (6)ruled (7)based (8)majorities (9)implement (10)power (11)temporary (12)including (13)government (14)oppose
(15)notions (16)one (17)others (18)dependent (19)otherwise (20)form5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
换言之，我们永远不可能尽善尽美，但我们必须不断改进。每当我们放弃不断改进努力，每当我们由于种族或宗教原因，由于是新移民，或者由于他们持不受欢迎的意见而剥夺我们人民的自由，我们的历史就会出现最黑暗的时刻。每当我们保护持不受欢迎意见者的自由，或者将大多数人享受的权利给与以前被剥夺权利的人们，从而实践《独立宣言》和《宪法》的诺言，而不使其成为一纸空文，我们的历史就会出现最光明的时刻。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) He cherish es the illusion that she’s in love with him.
(2) China’s government has made great strides in nurturing democracy, developing economy, and removing poverty.
(3) We should continue to improve laws, and strengthen law education so as to sweep away corruption.
(4) We should educate our children not to look to their parents for everything so as to make them form a doing by yourself habit.
(5) We should create a democratic atmosphere in the Party so that everyone can speak his mind.
Text B As Y ou Come Out to Join Society
Key to the exercises
1.F
2.T
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.T
7.F
8.T
9.T10.T 10
Unit Ten
Text A Ethics in Business
Ⅱ. Keys to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) A bogus testing was completed in the National Semiconductor labs, and the documentation
department also falsified documents stating that the parts had surpassed the governmental testing standards.
(2) As for the opposition to the delegating of moral responsibility, mitigating factors and excusing factors, they would argue that the entity of the corporation as a whole should be held responsible. Reasons are as follows: a company should be reprimanded and be left alone to carry out its own internal investigation and repercussions since a corporation is defined as being a separate legal entity; this allowed a relatively quick resolution as well as the ideal scenario for National Semiconductor; it would be best for a company to determine what specific departments are responsible rather than having a court of law impose a burden on every employee in its corporation.
(3) The conflict refers to the self interests of the company, with main goal of maximum profit, and the impacts that a corporation can cause on society.
(4) The author agrees with the use of mitigating factors in determining moral responsibility —when a company has acted irresponsibly, its employees must be held liable in a proportionate amount. In order to improve ethics in business, the author speculates that employees should start to think more in long term benefits and profits and there needs to be a shift for businesses to the thinking of total utility for the social community in order to weigh their decisions.
(5) Part 1 (para. 1) To raise the topic for the article: who will be morally responsible for guilty performance of a business?
Part 2 (para. 2 to para.5 ) From an ethical perspective the part looks at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components.
Part 3 (para. 6 to para. 7) It analyzes the final ruling from a corporate perspective and examines the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to find a resolution for cases like these.
Part 4 (para. 8) A conclusion on ethics in business.
2. V ocabulary
(2) downfalls (3) plausible (4) gauging (5) magnitude (6) inconvenience (7) margins (8) proportionate3. Paraphrase
(1) Employees weren’t informed of the real situation and thus they could be set free from any accusation of damage caused by their work.
(2) A false testing was done in the National Sem iconductor labs and then the department providing documents forged evidence that stated the tested parts had gone beyond the governmental testing standards.
(3) The electrical engineer designing the defective parts performed honestly and believed the parts would satisfy the governmental testing standards.
(4) The government excluded National Semiconductor from its approved contractor list for ever and National began to find a resolution of the guilt in its own company.
(5) The result was in the compan y’s interest from the angle of National Semiconductor if we took into consideration that the government might have taken other steps to solve the problem. (6) When it comes to financial perspective of a business, the business must determine if the long term benefits brought by the governmental punishment weighed more than instant profits.
(7) When corporations evaluate the decisions they have made they have to begin to think of benefits for the common good.
4. Cloze
(2) since(3) corporations (4) subjective (5) conducts(6) response(7) although (8) feasible (9) with (10) Y et(11) that (12) like (13) implementing (14) Once (15) other(16) suit(17) deterioration (18) entire 19) account(20) in5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
当讨论公司的责任时，一个问题会自然而然地出现：在公司内部使用哪种检查和平衡手段以确保公司及其各代理商依道德行事。从国家半导体公司的案例中，可以发现许多未能履行道德责任的事例。国家半导体公司必须让其雇员，尤其是主管人员，重温诚实等基本道德价值观。毕竟最终导致公司身败名裂的是检测部门普遍存在的伪造行为，而非雇员的诚信。这一案例的概况中从没提及是员工提出这种想法，似乎是主管人员命令篡改文件的。为了达到这一目的，公司的管理人员不得不鼓励员工表明他们关注公司发展。经过公开交流，公司能够解决各种道德窘境。至于经济方面，公司必须权衡政府申斥带来的长期效应是否超过了盈利底线。也就是说，公司不得不开始脱离即时效益的想法而意识到长期效果与利益。长期利益包括一种劳动力更强的道德感以及一个总体上更好的社会。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) I don’t know exactly what she said to him, but it was something along the lines that he would lose his job if he did n’t work harder.
(2) Although our living standard has been improving, housing purchase remains a big burden to many families in the aggregate.
(3) Corruption is becoming increasingly serious so the government has determined to carry out investigations in the first place to bring to light some big corrupt practices.
(4) His excellent performance excused him from the regular training.
(5) Because voters/electorates made complaints, we narrowed the list of candidates from ten down to three.
Text B The Dream of Mr. Clean
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1.F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. F
7.T
8. F
9. F 10. T
Unit Eleven
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1)A chronic surfeit of traffic, inefficient management and inadequate funding.
(2) The author uses Colin Dexter to create a suspension for the whole passage for generally murder always arouses interests and curiosity. Undoubtedly, this has close connection with the theme of the passage. Because elaboration on Colin Dexter and his books may lead to the discussion of serious problems faced by Oxford.
(3)Oxford dons. Because their personality (ambitious and arrogant) makes them attractive characters in murder mysteries.
(4)Reducing the number of parking spaces, raising fees and implementing an extensive park and ride scheme. These policies seem to be successful for Oxford traffic levels have been held steady at a time when traffic volume nationally has increased by 60 percent.
(5)Traditionally, the government provided nearly all university funding for Oxford. But since 1986, it began to solicit donation from its alumni and other donors.
(6) The second pronoun “it” refers to the fact that dating from the 15th century, the Bodleian is one of the oldest and largest libraries in Europe. As the oldest and largest Library in Europe, it has both merits and defects. For example, it has the largest volumes of books and very old buildings and ancient layouts. But on the other hand, it is also very costly and inefficient.
(7) Like the British manufacturing industries, Oxford will lose its preeminence if the government continuously fails to invest adequately in the future.
2. V ocabulary
(2) locales(3) frustrating (4) implementing(5) tranquility (6) enchanting(7) novelty(8) soliciting3. Paraphrase
(1) In fact, recently he is busy writing murder mystery and has little time for other matters.
(2) Dexter knows clearly that many of the unpleasant or disgusting characters in his books are university professors.
(3)If Colin Dexter’s novels give people the impression that the O xford drawing rooms and studies are full of murders, but in reality, this is untrue.
(4)These days most crimes occurred in Oxford are involved with cars—breaking into or stealing cars, which has been a commonplace in British cities.
(5)To maintain the Oxford ancient education infrastructure is alarmingly costly. The most obvious example is perhaps the unmatched most important institution — the great Bodleian Library. (6) Due to its extraordinary quality of being ancient, Bodleian Library, unlike any other library in the world, has very complicated catalog system.
(7) At present no one believes that Oxford University will lose its superiority and become the middle rank university in the future.
(8) Britain may be spared from the tragedy for a moment, but if the government still cuts expenditures and fails to fund Oxford sufficiently in the future, Oxford will gradually lose its preeminence.
4. Cloze
(2) confusing(3) random(4) have(5) With(6) nowhere(7) where(8) one(9) benefit(10) outside(11) score(12) being(13) notice(14) work(15) loom(16) anyone(17) or(18) hint(19) same(20) between5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
那看起来是一大笔资金, 但牛津大学需要很多钱。牛津大学不仅要供养伟大教育事业所需的教学基础设施, 而且要维护八个世纪积累下的诸如像植物园、礼拜堂、大教堂、剧院、三个博物馆之类的附属设施。一些这样的外围设施是无法自给自足的。牛津大学出版社, 世界最大的大学出版社, 每年能挣到相当多的未公开的资金来支付其运营成本。但其他大部分附属设施不过是耗钱机器。例如, 大学的圣玛丽教堂是英国访客最多的教区教堂, 但每年三十万游客只给其捐款箱留下八千英磅, 这对其运营成本来说只是杯水车薪。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) We whiled away all the summer evening talking and drinking wine.
(2) I went without food for three days, but some people had to go without a lot longer than that.
(3) Tom was invited to the reunion party and he came up with a date at the last minute.
(4) A lot of celebrities believe that just because they are so popular that they can get away with anything.
(5) “9 11”Terrorist Attack made government officers aware that they could not cut corners when dealing with public safety.
Text B Where Do Asia’ s Best and Brightest Get Their MBAs?
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T10. F
Unit Twelve
Ⅱ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) (open)
(2) Edward Burton both in appearance and manner suggested a definite type. He was always decently dressed. He was a gentlemen. He didn’t talk very much, but what he said was sensible. He was humourous. He was popular in his company. He had a united and affectionate family. People felt in him a real love for his fellow. He had charm, but there was nothing mawkish in him. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. People felt he could not bear to hurt a fly.
(3) Lenny Burton was a good for nothing person. He was a gambler, and made money by playing bridge. He didn’t hold a job. He was a remittance man, living on money sent from home. He was thirty five and had been doing nothing very much. From the story we can find the following words used to describe Lenny Burton: a remittance man, the best bridge player I ever met, a remarkable player, always well dressed and smart looking, handsome, wild, drank too much, etc.
(4) Because Lenny Burton won a good deal of Edward Burton at bridge, and the narrator indicates that Edward could lose money at bridge with a good grace. Another reason is that Lenny was a namesake of Edward. Still from the narrator’s description of Edward Burton in para.3, anyone who knew Edward Burton would turn to him for help because people thought he loved his fellows.
(5) First there was no more money coming from home. Second, he had had bad luck at cards for some time, he hadn’t been willing to stick to bridge, he’d been playing poker, and he’d got trimmed, and we know, he hadn’t a job.
(6) Apparently, Edward suggested Lenny swim across the beacon just because Lenny could only swim apart from playing cards. But in fact, the real reason is that Edward hadn’t got a vacancy in his office at the moment.
(7) For example, para. 2, “he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action”; para. 1, “my oldest friends are just those of whom I can say that I don’t know the first thing about them.”
2. V ocabulary
(1) haphazard(2) pawned(3) trim(4) benign(5) Constitution(6) vacancy(7) exhilarated(8) affectionate3. Paraphrase
(S ee teacher’s notes)
4. Cloze
(1) Shortly after(2) so(3) unlikely(4) full time(5) workaholic(6) ballet(7) because of(8) circus(9) on(10) knocked(11) huddled(12) Once(13) cuddled(14) sick(15) drops(16) shares(17) pain(18) encourages(19) offers(20) follow5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
在我看来很有可能一方崇高地维护友谊，而另一方却没有任何相应的回应，这种可能性比我以前所了解得更大。为什么我要烦恼自己，抱怨对方不够宽容？太阳从不烦恼，它的一些光线未落中目标，白白地落在不知感激的太空，只有一小部分落在能反射的行星上。用你自己的伟大感化同伴的粗鄙和冷淡。如果他不配，就会很快消失；但你却因自己的光芒而更加伟大。而且，你将不再是蛙类和虫类的同伴，你会与天堂中的天使一起飞翔并发光。付出爱却没有回报一般被认为是不光彩的事。但高尚的人要确保真正的爱不会不得到回报。真正的爱超越一些不配得到它的物体，停留并盘旋于永恒之上，此时，插入其中的面具土崩瓦解。这并不可悲，只是让人更感到去掉了许多的尘土，更感到了独立。这些东西要说出来必定会一定程度上背叛友谊。友谊的本质是完全，是高尚和信任。友谊不容猜疑，不会懦弱。友谊将其对象视为神，友谊将把双方神圣化。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The characters in his later works are largely self contradictory, while the characters in his early works are mainly of a piece.
(2) We don’t know the first thing about some of our friends, though we have known each other for
a long time.
(3) Our company thinks no much of those who have only book knowledge but no working experience.
(4) He has lost his family, his job and confidence. He is down and out.
(5) They went all to pieces when they knew their son, who had been out of contact for three days, was captured as a hostage by terrorists.
Text B Of Friendship
Key to the exercises
1. T
2. F
3.F
4.T
5.T
6. F
7.T
8. F
9.T10.F
How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can
Unit One Key to exercises Section A Vocabulary III 1 charge 2 convention 3 efficient 4 obtain 5 competent 6 assessing 7 fulfill 8 conducting 9 consequently 10 significance IV 1 behind 2 at 3 in 4 out 5 to 6 to 7 in 8 with 9 but 10 for V 1 L 2 C 3 D 4 N 5 O 6 A 7 E 8 G 9 I 10 K Word Building VI 1 commitment 2 attraction 3 appointment 4 impression 5 civilization 6 composition 7 confusion 8 congratulation 9 consideration 10 explanation 11 acquisition 12 depression VII 1 advisable 2 desirable 3 favorable 4 considerable 5 remarkable 6 preferable 7 drinkable 8 acceptable Sentence Structure VIII 1 much less can he write English articles 2 much less can he manage a big company 3 much less could he carry it upstairs 4 much less have I spoken to him 5 much less to read a lot outside of it IX 1 Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. 2 We thought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just very shy. 3 We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. 4 Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. 5 Some praise him highly, whereas others put him down severely. Translation X 1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。
上课 时间 上课节次课型Required Course 课题Unit 1 My first Job 教学目的1. Functions: greetings ＆farewells 2. Grammatical points: this/that be + n. or adj. 3. Vocabulary: run, offer, except for, figure, promote, you’d better, how about, as far as … is concerned, take a day off, bring in, beam 教学 方法 Classroom Instruction讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、任务型教学活动 重点难点1. Practice different ways of greeting and introducing /identifying people 2. Learn to understand and talk about value system in western culture, such as team spirit and royalty, through reading, discussion and task-based activities. 时间分配教学内容 板书或课件版面 设计 2 periods Part I Listening and Speaking Activities Step 1 warming-up exercises 1.Duty report Ask the student talk about his or her feelings towards college life. Step2 lead-in 1.bring a few pictures of my family to the class for teaching introduction. 2.explain my family name, given name and what you prefer to be called by my students. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2115835157.html,ing pictures to teach “this is /that is” 4.ask students to play “a passing ball game” to practise these two sentences pattern. Step 3 Listening activity 1.practise the classroom English. 2.Have the students listen to the conversation twice. Work individually to answer the questions. 3.check the answers for the class. Step 4 Speaking activity Conversation 1 1.explain that friendly greetings can be followed by an offer of help: Hi, may I help you? 2.explain that possible responses may be: No. Thank you. I have been helped. I’m being helped. 3.explain the language in conversation one by using Useful Structures and Expressions. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2115835157.html,anize reading aloud practice and correct pronunciation problems. 5.have students make a new conversation by using the substitutes word. 6.have some students present the conversation(s) they have made up. Conversation 2 1.explain the language in Conversation 2 2.have the students read aloud, check their pronunciation. 3.encourage the students to make a new conversation by using the substitutes. Notes Family name: the name shared by the members of a family Given name: the name given to a child by the child’s parents The train will be arriving at Shanghai: will +be +v-ing, the future continuous tense for a scheduled event which is coming soon It’s been nice talking to you: in American English, people also use It’s been nice to talk to you. Have a happy landing: a farewell used only to people who are going to make a plane trip 、 管 路 敷 设 技 术 通 过 管 线 敷 设 技 术 不 仅 可 以 解 决 吊 顶 层 配 置 不 规 范 高 中 资 料 试 卷 问 题 ， 而 且 可 保 障 各 类 管 路 习 题 到 位 。 在 管 路 敷 设 过 程 中 ， 要 加 强 看 护 关 于 管 路 高 中 资 料 试 卷 连 接 管 口 处 理 高 中 资 料 试 卷 弯 扁 度 固 定 盒 位 置 保 护 层 防 腐 跨 接 地 线 弯 曲 半 径 标 高 等 ， 要 求 技 术 交 底 。 管 线 敷 设 技 术 中 包 含 线 槽 、 管 架 等 多 项 方 式 ， 为 解 决 高 中 语 文 电 气 课 件 中 管 壁 薄 、 接 口 不 严 等 问 题 ， 合 理 利 用 管 线 敷 设 技 术 。 线 缆 敷 设 原 则 ： 在 分 线 盒 处 ， 当 不 同 电 压 回 路 交 叉 时 ， 应 采 用 金 属 隔 板 进 行 隔 开 处 理 ； 同 一 线 槽 内 ， 强 电 回 路 须 同 时 切 断 习 题 电 源 ， 线 缆 敷 设 完 毕 ， 要 进 行 检 查 和 检 测 处 理 。 、 电 气 课 件 中 调 试 对 全 部 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 ， 在 安 装 过 程 中 以 及 安 装 结 束 后 进 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 整 试 验 ； 通 电 检 查 所 有 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 相 互 作 用 与 相 互 关 系 ， 根 据 生 产 工 艺 高 中 资 料 试 卷 要 求 ， 对 电 气 设 备 进 行 空 载 与 带 负 荷 下 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 控 试 验 ； 对 设 备 进 行 调 整 使 其 在 正 常 工 况 下 与 过 度 工 作 下 都 可 以 正 常 工 作 ； 对 于 继 电 保 护 进 行 整 核 对 定 值 ， 审 核 与 校 对 图 纸 ， 编 写 复 杂 设 备 与 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 方 案 ， 编 写 重 要 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 方 案 以 及 系 统 启 动 方 案 ； 对 整 套 启 动 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 进 行 调 试 工 作 并 且 进 行 过 关 运 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 指 导 。 对 于 调 试 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 问 题 ， 作 为 调 试 人 员 ， 需 要 在 事 前 掌 握 图 纸 资 料 、 设 备 制 造 厂 家 出 具 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 报 告 与 相 关 技 术 资 料 ， 并 且 了 解 现 场 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 布 置 情 况 与 有 关 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 系 统 接 线 等 情 况 ， 然 后 根 据 规 范 与 规 程 规 定 ， 制 定 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 方 案 。 、 电 气 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 电 力 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 ， 电 力 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 配 置 技 术 是 指 机 组 在 进 行 继 电 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 总 体 配 置 时 ， 需 要 在 最 大 限 度 内 来 确 保 机 组 高 中 资 料 试 卷 安 全 ， 并 且 尽 可 能 地 缩 小 故 障 高 中 资 料 试 卷 破 坏 范 围 ， 或 者 对 某 些 异 常 高 中 资 料 试 卷 工 况 进 行 自 动 处 理 ， 尤 其 要 避 免 错 误 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 动 作 ， 并 且 拒 绝 动 作 ， 来 避 免 不 必 要 高 中 资 料 试 卷 突 然 停 机 。 因 此 ， 电 力 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 ， 要 求 电 力 保 护 装 置 做 到 准 确 灵 活 。 对 于 差 动 保 护 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 技 术 是 指 发 电 机 一 变 压 器 组 在 发 生 内 部 故 障 时 ， 需 要 进 行 外 部 电 源 高 中 资 料 试 卷 切 除 从 而 采 用 高 中 资 料 试 卷 主 要 保 护 装 置 。
综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at
Unit1 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
新视野大学英语读写教程2 第一单元 1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. asessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting 9. consequently 10. significance IV. 1. behind 2. at 3. in 5. to 6. to 10. for V. 1. L 2. C 4. N 5. O 7. E 10. K Word Building VI. 2. attraction 3. appointment 5. civilization 11. acquisition VII. 4. considerable 5. remarkable Sentence Structure VIII. less can he write English articles less can he manage a big company less could he carry it upstairs less have I spoken to him less to read a lot outside of it IX. meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy. have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely. Translation X. wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. XI. 1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%.
Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at home. 5. “Will I ever be as good a player as Geoff” “Perhaps, but you still have a long way to go before that day comes.” 6. He is in danger of losing his job. 7. The practice of employing children to work in factories has nearly died out in many countries. UNIT 3 The Snake Bite 1. It started raining, so she made for the nearest shelter. 2. She picked out a cap to match her dress. 3. I waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up. 4. They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5. The earthquake that struck the little island caused 23 deaths. 6. He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7. She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs. Unit 4 He was my father 1. My teacher told me that the liquid in the bottle could remove stains from metal and china. 2. The student sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3. He is now out of college and lives on his own. 4. They took turns staying awake in case anything went wrong. 5. The elder daughter will probably follow in her father's footsteps, and take over the family business when she's old enough. 6. He had to get off his bike and push it up the hill.
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!”without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.doczj.com/doc/2115835157.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building
一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another