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情态动词的用法小结

情态动词的用法小结
情态动词的用法小结

情态动词的用法小结

I、can的主要用法

1.表示能力(indicating ability)

I can run very fast.

2.表示获得的知识或技能(indicating acquired knowledge or skill)

They can speak French.

3.与感官动词连用(used with verbs of perception)

I can hear music.

4.表示许可(indicating permission)

Can I read your newspapers?

5.表示要求(indicating requests)

Can you feed the cat?

6.表示可能性(indicating possibility)

He can’t have slept through all that noise.

7.用以表示疑惑或怀疑(used to express bewilderment or incredulity)

Can she be serious?

8.用以描述特有的行为或情形(used to describe typical behavior or state)

It can be quite windy on the hills 山上的风就是那么大。

9.用以提出建议(used to make suggestions)

We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.

II. may的主要用法

1.表示允许、许可(indicating permission)

You may come, if you wish.

2.表示可能(indicating possibility)

This coat may be Peter’s.

3.表示目的(indicating purpose)

I will write today so that he may know when to meet us.

4. 用以表示愿望和希望(used to express wishes and hopes)

May you both be very happy.

can, could, may, might的用法比较

在表示“许可”这层意思时,英国人一般用can来表示准许或请求许可。could一词更客气些,但是指用于疑问句中。May是比较郑重的词,但是美国人常用may,英国人常用can。不过英美都使用could和might表示怀疑、羞怯等。

在表示可能性的时候,could、might比may更含怀疑或犹豫之意。比较这两个句子:

That may be our taxi. 那辆有可能就是我们的计程车了

That could/might be our taxi, (but I doubt it) 那辆有可能是我们的计程车。(但是我有所怀疑)。

在疑问和否定句中,用can来代替may。另外could have、may have、might have用以表示故去发生过某事的可能性。如:He could have forgotten to tell him.

在表达“目的”的意思时,may可用于so that, in order that之后,表示现在的目的。若要表示过去的目的,则用might或would。例如:He died so that others might/would live.

III. must的主要用法

1.表示必要(indicating obligation)

I must go to the bank to get some money

2. 表示劝告或建议(indicating advice or recommendation)

I must ask you not to do that again. 我的劝你不要再做那种事情了。

3. 做出逻辑的推断(drawing a logical conclusion)

You must be hungry after your long walk.

4.表示坚持(indicating insistence)

You simply must read this book ----it’s so funny.你一定得看看这本书-----太有趣了。

must,need, have to,ought to,should的用法比较

在表达“义务或责任”这层意思。must用以表示说话者命令或期待做成的事。have to 用于他人发出指令或者操纵的情况下。ought to 和should表示说话者发出指令,但暗含对方是否听从并无把握之意,如:You ought to/should apologize(though I’m not sure you will)你因该道歉(虽然我不知道你是否会这样做。)mustn’t,oughtn’t to,shouldn’t用于说话者让某人不要做某事。而needn’t和don’t have to意指没有做某事的义务或责任。在间接引语中要用had to取代must。

在表示“建议或劝告”时,must是可以用于提出劝告或建议,口语常用have got to。ought to和should含有说话者对劝告是否能被接受无把握之意。

表示“做结论”的意思时,must和have to(较通俗)用于毫无怀疑的结论。ought to 和should表示说话者有较大的试探性。若表示无法定论则用can’t,例如:He can’t be the wanted man.它不会是那个被通缉的男子。must have; ought to have; should have 用以对于过去的事情做出结论。

IV. would的主要用法

1.用以表示一设想事情的结果(used to describe the consequence of an imagined

event)

If you went to see him, he would be delighted.

2.与have + P.P 连用,表示假设的过去的动作或者事情(used with ‘have + a past

participle’ to describe a hypothetical action or event in the past )

If I had seen that ad, I would have applied for the job.

3.用以表示假想的现在的动作或者事情(used to describe a hypothetical action or

event in the present)

She would be a fool to accept the roses.

4.用以提出客气的请求(used in making polite requests)

Would you pay me in cash, please?

5.与imagine, say, think 等连用,表达试探性的意见(used with ‘imagine’, ‘say’,

‘think’,etc to give tentative opinions)

I would imagine the operation will take about an hour.

6. 与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad/happy等连用,表达较合意愿的做法(used with

‘like’, ‘love’, ‘hate’, ‘prefer’, ‘be happy/glad’, etc to express preference)

I’d love coffee.

6.用以评论特语的行为(used when commenting on characteristic behavior)

That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱说这种话。

7.用在so that,in order that之后,表达目的(used after ‘so that’, ‘in order that’ to

express purpose)

She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them.

V. shall的主要用法

1. 表示预言(indicating future predictions)

We shan’t know the results until next week.

2.表示意愿或决心(indicating will or determination)

You shall have a new dress for your birthday.

3.表示提供意见或建议(indicating offers or suggestions)

Let’s look at it again, shall we?

4. 表示命令或指示(indicating orders or instructions)

Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

shall 和will的用法比较

表示“预言”的意思时,shall与I和we连用,预示降要发生的事情;will则可以与任何人称连用,与shall相比,多用于口语或较随便的场合。

表示“决定”意思时,shall和will都可以用来表示决心,但是shall一词更为正式,若不与第一人称连用,更能显示其郑重。You will have your radio back on Tuesday.(星期二你就能取回你的收音机了。)他们的过去式should,would主要用于从句中的be certain, insist, be determined等词语后面:He insisted that we should make a fresh start.(他硬要我们重新开始。)

表示“建议”时,可以用shall we或者shall I。如:Shall we take our swim-suit? 其实can也可以表达“建议”,但常与always或of course 连用,如:We can always come back tomorrow if you prefer.(只要你愿意,我们明天还可以回来。) could可以用于提出试探性的建议,例如:You could try pushing the car.(你不妨推推这辆车试试看。) shall,can,could这三个动词均可以用来征询意见,例句:Where shall we go now? Can we perhaps try another route? How could we make them listen?

VII. will的主要用法

1.用来表示对未来事情的预料(indicating future predictions)

How long will you be staying in Paris?

2.用以表示对目前事情的预料(indicating present predictions)

They will be home by this time.

3.用以表示愿意或者不愿意(indicating willingness or unwillingness)

We won’t lend you any more money.

4.用以表示请求(indicating requests)

Will you post this letter for me ,please?

5.用于发出命令或者指示(giving an order)

Will you be quiet!

6.用于叙述真理时(describing general truths)

Oil will float on water.

7.用于叙述目前或过去的习惯时(describing habits in the present or past)

She will listen to music, alone in her room, for hours.(她独自一人在屋里听音乐,一听就是好几个小时)

He would spend hours on the telephone.(他以前一打电话就是老半天)

VIII. need的主要用法

Need用作情态动词时,仅用于否定句及疑问句,或用于if及whether之后或与hardly,scarcely,no one等连用

1.表示必要(indicating obligation)

You needn’t finish that work today.

He wondered whether they need send a deposit.(他不知道是否他们得交定金。) Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.(谁都不用害怕能得上这种病。) 2.与have + PP连用,表示曾做的事无必要(used with ‘have + a past participle ’to

indicate that the action in the past were or may have been unnecessary)

You needn’t have hurried.

Need they have sold the farm?(他们那时非得把农场卖掉吗?)

IX. should的主要用法

1.用以表示义务或责任(indicating obligation)

We shouldn’t drink and drive.

2.用以表示劝告或推荐(indicating advice or recommendation)

He should stop smoking.

3.用以表达假定的结果(used to describe the consequence of an imagined event)

If I was asked to work on Sundays, I should resign.

4.用在形容词anxious, sorry, concerned, happy, delighted等后接的从句中(used in a

that-clause after the adjs anxious, sorry, concerned, delighted, etc)

I’m anxious that he should be well cared for.(我盼望他能够受到很好的照顾)

5.用于if 和in case之后或将主语与动词倒置,表示某事不太可能发生(used after

if and in case, or with subject and verb reversed, to suggest that an event is unlikely to happen)

If you should change your mind, do let me know.

Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.

6.用于so that 或者in order that之后,表示动机或目的(used after ‘so that/in order

that’ to express purpose)

He put the cases in the car in order that he should be able to make an early start.

7.用作表示请求的客气说法(used to make polite requests)

I should like make a phone call, if possible.

8. 与imagine,say,think等词连用,表示不成熟的意见(used with imagine, say, think,

etc to give tentative opinions)

I should imagine it will take about three hours.

9. 与疑问句连用,表示不感兴趣、难以置信等(used with question words to express

lack of interest, disbelief, etc)

Why should he think that?

10. 与疑问句连用表示惊讶(used with question words to express surprise)

I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself.(我正

想去看约翰,想不到他来了。)

X.ought to 的主要用法

1. 表示责任或义务(indicating obligation)

They oughtn’t let their dog run on the road.

2. 表示劝告或推荐(indicating advice or recommendation)

You ought to improve your English before going to work abroad.

You ought to see her new film.(你应该看看他新拍的电影。)

3.做出推测性结论(drawing a tentative conclusion)

Look at the sky---- it ought to be a fine afternoon.

XI. have to 的主要用法

构成否定或者疑问句时,通常在前面要加do,在口语中常说成have got to

1. 表示责任或义务(indicating obligation)

He has to pass the examination before he can start work.

2. 用以表示劝告或建议(indicating advice or recommendation)

You simply have to get a new job.

3.得出合乎逻辑的结论(drawing a logical conclusion)

There have to be a solution.

have to和must用法的比较

1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如:

My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如:

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。

3)否定结构中:don't have to表示"不必",mustn't表示"禁止".例如:

You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。

XII. might的主要用法

1.用以表示许可(indicating permission)

Might I make a suggestion ?

2.表示可能(indicating possibility)

He might get here in time, but I can’t be sure.

3.用于询问情况(asking for information)

How long might that lecture take?

4.用于委婉的请求或者吁请(used to make polite requests or appeals)

I think you might at least offer to help.(我认为你至少应该主动的帮帮忙吧!) XIII.could 的主要用法

1.表示允准(indicating permission)

Could I borrow your bicycle?

2.表示请求(indicating requests)

Could you type one more letter before you go?

3.表示结果(indicating result)

I’m so unhappy I could weep.(我难过得要哭)

4.表示可能性(indicating possibility)

You could be right, I suppose.

5.表示建议(indicating suggestions)

We could write a letter to the headmaster.

can 和be able to的用法比较

1)can could 表示能力;可能(过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。

--- Could I have the television on?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是坏人。

XIV. dare的主要用法

1.尤其用于否定或者疑问句中,在if或whether之后,或者与hardly, never, no one,

nobody连用,意为“竟敢”“胆敢”。(used asp in negative sentences and questions, after if/whether, or with hardly, never, no one, nobody)

I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.

2. 习语how dare you, he, she等,用以表示对他人举动的的愤慨(used to express

indignation at the action of others)

How dare you say that I copied your notes?(你怎么敢说我抄了你的笔记?)

3 习语I dare say, 意为“我相信”“可能”(I accept sth as a true or possible fact)

I dare say you are British.

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情态动词知识点总结 一、初中英语情态动词 1.Harry's been driving all day—— he be tired. A. need B. can C. shall D. must 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:哈利已经开了一整天车了——他一定累了。根据句意可知,开了一整天车,所以推测他累是一定的。所以用情态动词must。故选D。 2.—I've bought all the food for the party tonight. —Thank you. Then I _______ go to the supermarket. A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:-今天晚上我买好了所有晚会的食物。-谢谢你。那么我就不必去超市了。A. can't不能;B. mustn't不准,不允许,禁止;C. shouldn't不应该;D. needn't 不必。你买好了,我就不必去买了。故选D。 【点评】考查情态动词,表示不必要应使用need的形式,要牢记不同的情态动词的意思。 3.You _____ walk too close to the edge of the path because you might fall and hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. needn't D. musn't 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:你不能走得太靠近路的边缘,因为你可能跌倒伤害自己。A. may 可以,表允许;B. might可能,表推测;C. needn't不必,指没有必要;D. musn't不能,表示不允许或禁止。根据句意语境,本句是不允许离路边太近,故选D。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析题。注意分析句意和词义。 4.—Where is George? —He _______ be here just now. His coffee is still warm. A. need B. can't C. must D. shouldn't 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——乔治在哪里?——他刚才一定在这里,他的咖啡还是热的。A. need需要; B. can't 不能,不可能(表示推测); C. must 必须,一定(表示推测); D. shouldn't不应该;根据His coffee is still warm.可知表示肯定推测一定在这儿;故答案为C。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词表推测时的意义和用法。 5.— Sorry, I forgot to take money with me. Maybe I can't buy the book you like. — Mum, you ______ worry about it. We can pay by Alipay (支付宝).

【英语】情态动词知识点总结

英语】情态动词知识点总结 一、初中英语情态动词 1.—Mum, I play football this afternoon? —Sure, but you finish your homework first. A. may; could B. can; must C. can; mustn't D. may; can't 【答案】B 【分析】句意:-妈妈,今天下午我能踢足球吗?-当然,但是你必须先完成作 业。前句提请求,can,may 都可以;后句,由sure 可知后句用肯定回答。Could 表示一种委婉的语气;must 表示主观愿望:必须。妈妈要求孩子“必须”先完成作业。故选B。【点评】考查情态动词辨析,may 表示请求时候的回答用语。 2.—Where is Monica? I can't find her anywhere. —She be in the library. She loves reading books when she is free. A. must B. need C. can't 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意:——莫妮卡在哪?我到处都找不到她。——她肯定在图书馆,她喜欢空闲时看书。A肯定,肯定句中表示推测,B需要,C不可能,否定句中表示推测,根据She loves reading books when she is free ,可知是肯定句表示推测,故选 A 。【点评】考查情态动词,注意情态动词表推测的用法。 3.—Sorry, I forgot to take money with me. Maybe I can't buy the book you like. —Mum, you _____ worry about it. We can pay by Alipay (支付宝). A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:——对不起,我忘记带钱了。也许我不能买你喜欢的书。——妈妈,你不用担心。我们可以用支付宝支付。 A. can't 不能,指不允许或否定推测; B. needn't 不需,指没必要; C. mustn't 不能,表禁止; D. shouldn't 不应该,表建议。根据句意语境,本句是说妈妈不需要担心,故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。理解句意并掌握情态动词的意义和用法区别。 4.According to the law, traffic keep to the left in England. A. may B . must C . need D . can 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:根据法律规定,在英国车辆必须靠左形式。 A.may 可以,表示允许;B.must 必须,表示要求; C.need 需要,表示必要性; D.can 能,表示能力。根据According to

情态动词用法归纳教学提纲

情态动词用法归纳

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常见情态动词的用法归纳 制作:闵刚 Could 助词v.aux. 1.can的过去式 She could play the violin when she was five. 她五岁时便能拉小提琴了。 2.(用于虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的设想)能,可以 I wish I could go to France. 但愿我能去法国。 I would go if I could. 能去我就去。 3.(表示可能性)可能 That could be my train. 那可能是我要乘的火车。 4.(用于婉转语气)能,可以 Could I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗? Couldn't you try it again? 你可否再试一下? Shall 助词v.aux. 1.(用于第一人称,表示将来)将,会 I shall be thirty next year. 明年我就三十岁了。 2.(用在问句中表示征求对方意见,主要用于第一、第三人称)...好吗?要不要...? Shall we begin now? 我们现在开始好吗? Shall I wait outside? 我在外面等好吗? Shall I turn on the lights? 我开灯好吗? 3.(用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等)必须,应,可 You shall have it back next week. 下星期一定还你。 He shall stay in bed. 他必须躺在床上。 He says he won't go, but I say he shall. 他说他不去,但我说他必须去。 4.(用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称)应,必须Intruders shall be punished. 非法闯入者将遭处罚。

情态动词的用法总结

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