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英语情景对话：英文问路指路A: Excuse me, Where am I on this map?B: We are here, bus station, we are in the heart of the city.A: Oh ! I think I’m lost. Can I go from here to the railway station?B: Head straight up the street about two blocks then turn left.A：对不起，请问我在地图上的什么地方?B：我们在这里，汽车站，我们现在在市中心。
A：哦！我想我迷路了。
我能否从这里到火车站呢？B：顺这条街一直走过两个街区，然后左转。
A: Excuse me. I’m afraid I got lost. Can you show me the way to the station?B: I’m walking that way. Let me lead you the way.A：对不起，我迷路了，请问您能告诉我去车站怎么走吗？B：我正朝那边去。
让我给你带路吧！A: Exc use me. I wonder if you could help me. I’m looking for the Museum.B: Boy, you are lost. It’s across town.A: Oh ! What bad luck ! How can I get to the Museum?B: You can take a No. 24 bus here and then transfer to a No.53 bus to get there.A：对不起，打扰一下，不知您能否帮助我，我在找博物馆。
B：哇，你是迷路了。
它在城的那头。
A：哦！太糟糕了！那我怎么去博物馆呢？B：您可以在此乘坐24路公共汽车换乘83路公共汽车到那里。
保持交通安全的英语作文80词,七年级全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Keeping Safe on the Roads and StreetsHey everyone! I'm here to talk to you about something super important - traffic safety. As kids, we're out there on the roads and streets all the time, walking to school, riding our bikes, or just playing around the neighborhood. But it's crucial that we stay safe and avoid accidents.First up, let's cover pedestrian safety. Whenever you're walking near roads, you've got to pay close attention. Don't get distracted by your phone or music. Look both ways before crossing, and keep an eye out for cars. Use crosswalks and obey traffic signals when they're available. If there's no crosswalk, find a spot with good visibility and walk across when there's a big enough gap in traffic.Drivers, please be patient and watch out for pedestrians, especially kids. We can be unpredictable and might not know all the rules yet. Slow down in residential areas and near schools. Yield to people crossing the street.For those of us who ride bikes, we've got some extra safety steps. Helmet on, every ride! A helmet could literally save your life if you fall or get hit. Obey all traffic signs and signals, just like you would driving a car. Use hand signals when turning. Ride predictably in a straight line, don't swerve between cars.Ride on the street in the same direction as traffic, not against it. Use bike lanes when available. If there's no bike lane, ride as far to the right as possible. Be extra careful at intersections - that's where a lot of accidents happen with bikes.And drivers, share the road! Give cyclists at least three feet of space when passing. Check your blind spots before turning or changing lanes. We're harder to see than a car, so stay alert.Now for some general street smarts for kids: Only cross at corners, not mid-block. Make eye contact with drivers before you cross, even if you have the right of way. Watch for cars backing up or turning. Bright clothes and reflective gear help drivers see you better, especially at night.If you get on or off a bus, use the door on the curb side, not the traffic side. Wait for the bus to come to a complete stop before approaching it.This one's for my fellow scooter and skateboard riders - wear that helmet and safety gear! Skate on smooth, paved areas without traffic, like skate parks. Don't skate in the street!For kids who like to play sports in the street, don't ever chase balls into the road without an adult checking first. It's just not worth the risk.And a reminder for drivers - follow the speed limits, especially in neighborhoods and school zones. Put that phone down and avoid distractions. Be patient around kids - we're still learning.At the end of the day, traffic safety is everyone's responsibility. We all want to get where we're going safely. So pay attention, follow the rules, and look out for each other.For kids, listening to your parents and teachers about street smarts is so important. We're little, they're bigger - it's harder for drivers to see us. The roads can be really dangerous if we're not being safe and making good choices.I hope these tips help you stay safe and sound, whether you're walking, biking, skating, or just playing outside. Be street smart, be alert, and make good decisions. Let's all do our part to stay safe and get where we need to go in one piece!篇2Keeping Safe on the Roads and StreetsHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 7th grader. Today I want to talk to you about something really important - traffic safety. Whether you're walking, riding your bike, or just playing outside, it's super duper important to be safe around cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Let me tell you why!First up, let's talk about walking safely. Whenever you're walking near the street, you've got to use crosswalks and obey the traffic signals. That means waiting for the "Walk" sign and looking both ways before crossing. My mom is always reminding me to make eye contact with drivers before stepping out, just to be extra sure they see me. If there's no crosswalk or signal, you should walk facing traffic so you can see any cars coming.And don't forget, it's safest to walk on sidewalks or paths whenever possible. If there are no sidewalks, you need to walk as far away from the road as you can. My little brother Jacob learned that one the hard way when he was walking on the street and almost got clipped by a passing car! Luckily my dad was with him and pulled him back just in time. Phew!Now let's chat about riding your bike, scooter, or skateboard. The basic rules are pretty similar to walking - you've got to obey all traffic signs and signals, and ride cautiously near vehicles. But there are some extra safety tips just for riders.First of all, you must, must, MUST wear a helmet every篇3Traffic Safety is Super Important!Hi everyone! My name is Jamie and I'm in 7th grade. Today I want to talk about something that's really important - traffic safety! Whether you're walking, riding your bike, or getting a ride in the car, we all need to be careful and follow the rules to stay safe on the roads.Let's start with walking. I know it can be tempting to cross the street wherever you want, especially if you're in a hurry. But that's really dangerous! You could get hit by a car and seriously hurt. Always use the crosswalks and obey the traffic signals. Look both ways before crossing, even if you have the walk signal. And avoid distractions like your phone when crossing. A driver might not see you if you're not paying attention.Riding your bike is fun, but you have to be responsible. Always wear a helmet - even if it's not cool looking, it could save your life! Obey all traffic lights and signs just like you would in a car. Use hand signals when turning so drivers know what you're doing. Never ride against traffic or weave in and out between parked cars. Be predictable and follow the rules of the road.If you're getting a ride in the car, buckle up! Your seatbelt is your best defense in a crash. Even if it's just a short trip, wear your seatbelt every time. Don't distract the driver by being too loud or moving around a lot in the backseat. If the driver needs to focus, give them some quiet time. And of course, never stick any body parts out the window!Driving is a huge responsibility that takes practice. That's why there are laws about when you can get a permit and license. Pay close attention in driver's ed so you learn the rules. Texting, eating, putting on makeup - anything that takes your eyes off the road is distracted driving and can be deadly. Drunk driving is incredibly dangerous too, and you should never ever do it.Following traffic laws isn't just about avoiding tickets. It's about keeping yourself and others safe. Pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers all have to share the roads and look out for each other. Even if you're just walking down the street, you could encountera car at any moment. Being predictable and following traffic signals helps drivers anticipate what you'll do next.I know it's easy to get impatient, especially if you're in a hurry. But rushing and breaking rules is how accidents happen. A few seconds of your time is way better than putting your life at risk! Pay attention, avoid distractions, and respect the traffic laws.Cars are big heavy machines that can cause a lot of damage if they're not operated properly. Just think about how much force is involved when a couple ton vehicle crashes into something! That's why we have to be so careful with traffic safety from a very young age.My篇4Staying Safe on the Roads: A Kid's Guide to Traffic SafetyHey there, kids! Safety Sam here to talk about something super important – keeping safe when you're out and about near roads and traffic. I know it might not seem like the most exciting topic, but trust me, it's way better than ending up as a road pancake!First things first, let's talk about crossing the street. I know, I know, it seems pretty straightforward, but you'd be surprised how many kids get into sticky situations because they're not being careful. Here are some golden rules for crossing safely:Always use a crosswalk or intersection if there is one. Those zebra stripes aren't just there for decoration!Look left, right, and left again before you step into the road. You never know when a car might come zipping around the corner.If there are traffic lights, wait for the "Walk" signal before crossing. Don't be a daredevil and try to beat the light – that's just asking for trouble.Keep your eyes and ears open for any approaching vehicles, even if you have the right of way. Some drivers can be real space cadets behind the wheel.If you're with a group, hold hands and stay together. Safety in numbers, amigos!Next up, let's talk about being a pedestrian in general. Even if you're not crossing the street, there are still plenty of ways to get yourself into a pickle if you're not paying attention. Here are some key tips:Use sidewalks whenever possible. If there aren't any sidewalks, walk facing traffic so you can see any approaching vehicles.Stay alert and keep your eyes on the road, not buried in your phone or other gadgets. You don't want to become a real-life version of those zombie games you love so much!Wear bright or reflective clothing, especially at night or in low-light conditions. You want drivers to be able to see you from a mile away.Avoid walking near the edges of roads or highways if possible. Those are prime real estate for getting clipped by a car or truck.If you're walking in a group, walk single file and stay close to the edge of the road or sidewalk.Now, let's talk about being a passenger in a vehicle. Just because you're not the one driving doesn't mean you can totally zone out. Here are some tips for staying safe while riding along:Always wear your seatbelt, no exceptions. It's not just the law – it could literally save your life in a crash.Avoid distracting the driver with loud music, rowdy behavior, or constant chatter. Let them focus on the road.If you're in the front seat, adjust your seat and headrest properly for maximum safety.Keep your arms, legs, and other body parts inside the vehicle at all times. You don't want to lose a limb to a passing car or tree branch!If the driver seems impaired or is driving recklessly, speak up or ask them to pull over. Your safety is more important than hurting their feelings.Last but not least, let's cover some general safety tips that apply whether you're walking, biking, or just hanging out near roads:Obey all traffic signals, signs, and crossing guards. They're there for a reason, folks.Stay alert and avoid distractions like headphones or your phone when near traffic.If you're riding a bike, scooter, or skateboard, wear a helmet and follow the same rules as pedestrians and vehicles.Avoid playing or hanging out in or near the street, driveways, or parking lots. Those are prime accident zones.If you ever feel unsafe or uncomfortable in a traffic situation, get to a safe place and tell a trusted adult right away.There you have it, kids – the ultimate guide to staying safe and sound around traffic. Follow these tips, and you'll be a regular road warrior in no time! Remember, it's always better to be safe than篇5Keeping Our Roads Safe: A Kid's Guide to Traffic SafetyHi there! I'm just a regular 7th grader, but I've got some important stuff to share about traffic safety. You might be thinking, "Ugh, another boring lecture about looking both ways before crossing the street." But trust me, this is way more exciting than that!First up, let's talk about why traffic safety matters. Every year, thousands of people get seriously injured or even killed in car accidents. That's just not cool. We're all part of the same community, and we need to look out for each other on the roads. By being safe and responsible, we can help prevent those terrible tragedies.Now, I know what you're thinking: "But I'm just a kid! What can I do?" Well, buckle up (get it?), because I've got some awesome tips for you, whether you're a pedestrian, a cyclist, or a passenger in a car.For my fellow pedestrians out there, listen up! Always use crosswalks and obey traffic signals. Don't just randomly dart across the street like a superhero – you're not invincible, my friend. And when you're waiting to cross, step back from the curb and pay attention to your surroundings. No texting or listening to music with headphones on – you need all your senses to stay safe.If you're on a bike, you've got some extra responsibilities. Follow all the same rules as drivers – stop at red lights and stop signs, signal your turns, and ride in the same direction as traffic. And for Pete's sake, wear a helmet! You don't want to end up with a scrambled brain, do you? Oh, and one more thing: no riding on sidewalks. That's just asking for trouble with pedestrians.For all you lucky ducks who get to ride in cars, your job is to be a super awesome role model for your parents or whoever's driving. That means always wearing your seatbelt (no exceptions!) and behaving like a respectful little angel. No distracting thedriver with your antics or sibling squabbles. And if you see the driver doing something unsafe, like texting or speeding, speak up! They'll thank you later for keeping them in line.But traffic safety isn't just about following rules – it's also about being a considerate human being. That means not jaywalking or playing in the street (duh), but it also means things like not littering from your car and not blaring your music super loud when you're driving around. We all share the roads, so let's keep them clean and peaceful for everyone.I know this all might sound like a lot of rules and nagging, but trust me, it's for your own good. The roads can be a dangerous place if we're not careful. By following these tips, we can all do our part to keep our community safe and avoid those tragic accidents.So there you have it, my fellow kids – the ultimate guide to traffic safety from one of your own. Let's lead by example and show the grown-ups how it's done! Safe travels, and don't forget to look both ways before you cross the street. Peace out!篇6Keeping Safe on the Roads and StreetsHi there! I'm just a regular 7th grader but I wanted to share some thoughts on being safe when you're walking, biking, or riding in a vehicle. Traffic safety is super important and can literally save lives.First up, let's talk about walking safely. Whenever I'm out walking, especially if I'm by myself, I always use sidewalks or paths away from the road when I can. If there aren't sidewalks, I walk facing traffic so I can see any cars coming. I also avoid distractions like looking at my phone so I can pay full attention. My parents taught me to cross streets at corners or crosswalks after looking left, right, then left again before going. If cars are stopped, I make sure to watch for any that might not see me crossing. Oh, and a biggie - wear bright or reflective clothes if it's dark out so drivers can see you better.When I'm biking, there are some extra safety steps. I always wear a properly fitted helmet - it can prevent serious head injuries if I crash. Riding predictably in the same direction as traffic is a must, obeying street signs and signals just like cars do. Using hand signals for turns helps drivers anticipate where I'm going. Staying focused and riding defensively, assuming drivers may not see me, is key. Things like potholes, drain grates, ordebris can cause crashes too, so I watch out for those hazards. At night, I have front and rear bicycle lights to be visible.Sometimes I'm a passenger when my parents or other trusted adults drive. In those cases, I buckle up with a seat belt or use a booster seat every single trip, no matter how short it is. Sitting properly and avoiding distracting the driver is important. If I think the driver is driving unsafely, like speeding or using their phone, I'll speak up about it calmly.Believe it or not, even kids can help keep drivers alert by our actions. If I'm playing near a road, I stay far away from the edges where a car could potentially go off the roadway. When I'm old enough to start driving someday, I'll definitely put these safety habits to good use behind the wheel too.There are all kinds of traffic out there - pedestrians, bicyclists, cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and more. Everyone has to share the roads and watch out for each other. A momentary distraction or bad decision could have devastating consequences. Following the "rules of the road" as a walker or bicyclist, and being aware of your surroundings, makes the streets safer for everyone. Let's all do our part!。
★阅读难点关键句200句（以包括译文）★1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
2. But it will be the driver‘s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride i n the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。
3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.3、当然，如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用一种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时，或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。
4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.4、注意你如果不这么做（系安全带）的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。
哈师大附中2024年高三第三次模拟考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．£ 19.15. B．£9.18. C．£9.15.答案是C。
1．What is Saratoga well known for?A．Its natural scenery. B．Its various races. C．Its fast horses.2．Where is the butter?A．In the bowl. B．In the fridge. C．In the cupboard.3．Which programme does the girl want to watch?A．Italian gardens. B．A dance competition. C．A history programme.4．What does the man mean?A．He got on the wrong bus.B．He has to wait for the bus.C．He will be late for his flight.5．What are the speakers discussing?A．A hotel room. B．The man’s family.C．A reasonable offer.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
The Trial That Rocked the WorldJohn ScopesA buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯•达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉•詹宁斯•布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcers, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. 几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
肯尼迪就职演讲观后感篇一：肯尼迪就职演说评析美国第三十五任总统JohnFitzgeraldFrancisKennedy(1917-1963)约翰.弗.肯尼迪1961年元月20日在首都华盛顿国会大厦前发表“就职演说”时，我在读初中三年级，学的是俄语。
直到1980年，我才在美国出版的“EnglishForToday”“今日英语”教材的第五册里阅读到了这篇演说，而且还听了这篇演说的实况录音。
现在这篇演说已被一字未删地选入《advancedEnglish》“高级英语”（张汉熙主编，商务印书馆出版发行），《21centurycollegeEnglish》“二十一世纪大学英语”（复旦大学，交通大学主编;高等教育出版社，复旦大学出版社出版发行）英语教材里作为高等院校的英语学习教材。
1980年，那时大学外语教学还是很原始落后的。
我想得到英语版的联合国“人权宣言”，但在当时武汉的中南财经学院图书馆里没有。
找到武汉大学图书馆，那里才只有一本油印的“人权宣言”小册子。
我想得到英文版的“中华人民共和国刑法”这书，武汉的外文书店买不到。
我托原北京地院外语老师去北京外国专家局找有关专家打听此书，专家说，《刑法》英文译文由他翻译，正在他手里，由于没有出版，他不能外借。
肯尼迪“就职演说”是在演说之后十九年被我们看到。
时过境迁，20XX年元月20日，全世界几乎所有的人都能从网上及各种媒体上听到，见到，读到美国第一位黑人总统奥巴马的“就职演说”。
虽然有的人看到的是被有些媒体屏掉了（RecallthatearliergenerationsfaceddownFascismandcommunismnotjust withmissilesandtanksbutwithsturdyalliancesandenduringconvictions.我们在此回忆先辈，他们战胜了法西斯主义和共产主义，靠的不仅是导弹，坦克；更是靠坚定的盟友和不移的信念。
手惰市安逸阳光实验学校提纲作文(2013·安徽卷)假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明,从我做起”为主题的征文活动,请你以“On the Way to School”为题,写一篇英语短文。
内容主要包括:1.遵守交通法规;2.注意举止文明。
注意:1.词数120左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息;4.短文的题目已为你拟好,不计入总词数On the Way to School【参考范文】On the Way to SchoolThese days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere.I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make a difference.(2013·山东卷)第二节:写作(满分30分)假设你是新华中学的学生李华, 你的朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件, 询问你暑假里的打算, 但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。
初三英语作文交通安全范文初三英语作文“交通安全人人有责”Obeying the Traffic Laws「遵守交通规则」I am often very afraid to cross large wide streets. I always go to the traffic light and use the crosswalk, but many times I have been frightened. When the light changes to green, I still need to look both directions to check the traffic On many oasions a speeding motorcycle or bicycle or once a truck drove past the red light and across the pedestrian's When I have my bicycle, I get off and walk across the street, but always someone crosses the red light. Once at the intersection near National Taiwan University I saw an aident: a taxi had stopped for the light, and another truck came from behind and did not stop. For safety, it is very important for everyone to obey the traffic laws.另附：Traffic Safety（交通安全）Traffic safety is everybody's business. Records showthat every year a lot of people die in traffic aidents. Some of the aidents are due to mechanical problems. However, most of them are the results of careless and reckless driving, and could be avoided. A lot of people disregard traffic signals and rules. They drive regardless of speed limits, run through red lights, drive in the wrong direction, talk and laugh while driving, and turn as they wish without giving signals. They don't slow down while approaching crossroads. So many people violate traffic regulations that we cannot put too much emphasis on the importance of traffic safety. Only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybody's business can we be safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks.交通安全人人有责。
无人驾驶的好处和潜在危险英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Amazing Self-Driving Cars of the Future!Have you ever dreamed of riding in a car that can drive itself? Well, that dream is becoming a reality with the development of self-driving cars! These incredible vehicles use special sensors, cameras, and computers to navigate the roads without a human driver. Imagine how convenient it would be to hop into aself-driving car, tell it where you want to go, and then sit back and relax while it takes you there safely. No more stressful traffic jams or getting lost! Self-driving cars are like having your own personal chauffeur.There are many awesome benefits to self-driving cars that make them really exciting. One of the biggest advantages is increased safety on the roads. Most car accidents are caused by human error, like distracted driving, speeding, or driving under the influence. But self-driving cars don't get tired, distracted, or make silly mistakes like humans do. Their sensors and computerscan react much faster than any person, helping to avoid accidents and keep everyone safe.Self-driving cars can also be a huge help for people who can't drive themselves, like the elderly or those with disabilities. Instead of relying on others for rides, they could simply call for a self-driving car to pick them up and take them wherever they need to go, giving them more independence and freedom.Another great benefit is that self-driving cars can help reduce traffic and pollution. Since they can communicate with each other and drive more efficiently, they can reduce the number of cars on the road and traffic jams. This means less time wasted sitting in traffic and less harmful emissions being released into the air we breathe. Isn't that awesome?While self-driving cars sound really cool, there are also some potential dangers we need to be aware of. One big concern is cyber security. Since these cars rely so heavily on computers and networks, they could potentially be hacked by bad people trying to cause trouble. Imagine if a hacker took control of yourself-driving car and made it go somewhere you didn't want to go! That would be really scary.Another worry is what happens if the sensors or computers fail while the car is driving. Without a human ready to take over,a system failure could lead to a serious accident. The technology needs to be extremely reliable and have good backup systems in place.There are also ethical questions about how self-driving cars should be programmed to deal with difficult situations. For example, if a self-driving car had to choose between hitting a group of people or swerving into a wall and potentially hurting its passengers, what should it be programmed to do? These are tough decisions that need to be carefully thought through.Despite these potential dangers, many experts believe that the benefits of self-driving cars outweigh the risks, especially as the technology continues to improve and become more reliable. With proper safety measures, cyber security precautions, and clear programming guidelines, self-driving cars could make our roads significantly safer and more efficient.Just imagine how cool it would be to tell your self-driving car, "Take me to the park, please!" and have it drive you there while you play video games or read a book. Or think about how much easier it would be for your parents or grandparents to get around if they had a self-driving car at their service. The future of transportation is looking incredibly exciting and convenient.Of course, we'll still need to be cautious and make sureself-driving cars are as safe and secure as possible. But with continued research and development, these amazing vehicles could revolutionize the way we travel and make our lives much easier. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be telling your own self-driving car where to take you on your next adventure! The possibilities are endless, and the future of self-driving cars is looking brighter than ever.篇2The Future is Self-Driving Cars!Robots and computers are becoming a bigger part of our lives every day. One new technology that could change how we get around is self-driving cars! Instead of a person driving the car, it would be controlled by a computer program. This might sound crazy, but companies like Google, Tesla, and others are already testing self-driving car prototypes on the roads today. Let me tell you about some of the awesome benefits of self-driving cars, but also some of the dangers we need to be careful about.Benefits of Self-Driving CarsNo More Distracted DrivingOne of the biggest benefits of self-driving cars is there would be way fewer car accidents. So many crashes today happen because people get distracted while driving. They might be texting, eating, putting on makeup, or just not paying full attention to the road. The computer driving the self-driving car would never get distracted or lose focus. Its sensors and cameras would constantly be monitoring the surroundings, brake instantly if a kid runs into the street, and take the safest driving route every time.Independence for People Who Can't DriveAnother huge plus of self-driving cars is that many people who aren't able to drive today could get around easily. This includes kids like me, but also people who are blind or have other disabilities that make driving difficult. Elderly people whose driving skills aren't as good anymore could also getself-driving cars to stay independent instead of having to ask others for rides. With a self-driving car, we could just tell it where to go and it would take us there safely!Less Traffic and PollutionDid you know that a lot of traffic is caused by human drivers not being good at things like merging, keeping a consistent speed, and other driving tasks? A fleet of self-driving cars thatare all communicating with each other could flow smoothly in and out of traffic, maximizing the space on the roads. This would cut down hugely on the time people spend stuck in traffic jams. Since self-driving cars could also drive much more efficiently than humans and accelerate/brake smoothly, it's estimated they could reduce energy consumption by a lot. Less fuel being burned by cars means less pollution too, which is better for the environment.You Can Do Other StuffOne of the coolest benefits for kids like me is that you wouldn't actually have to spend any time driving yourself if you had a self-driving car! Instead of your parents having to pull their attention away from the road, self-driving cars would free them up to keep parents entertained on road trips. Parents could also use that time to answer work emails, study, or read a book since they wouldn't need to focus on driving at all. Some day when I'm older and have my own self-driving car, I could even play video games or do homework while it takes me wherever I need to go!Potential Dangers of Self-Driving CarsWhile self-driving cars offer some amazing benefits, there are also some dangers and risks we would need to be really careful about:Hacking RisksSince self-driving cars would be controlled by computer programs, there is a risk that hackers could potentially take control of the car's systems and cause accidents or chaos. Companies would need to make sure their self-driving car software has incredibly strong security protection.Software Bugs/ErrorsJust like sometimes apps or video games have glitches due to bugs in the coding, it's possible there could be errors in the complex software running self-driving cars. If not properly tested, these could cause the cars to make mistakes and put people's safety at risk. Software for self-driving cars would need to go through exhaustive checks.Weather/Sensor IssuesThe sensors and cameras that allow self-driving cars to "see" the world around them could potentially get blinded or malfunction in certain weather conditions like heavy rain, fog, or snow. Engineers would have to make sure the sensor systems are robust enough to handle any type of road conditions.Jumping to New Technology Too QuicklyAs revolutionary as self-driving cars aim to be, switching over too quickly before the technology is proven to be 100% safe could lead to disasters. That's why self-driving cars are being slowly phased onto roads and tested for years to identify all possible risks before they become widespread.Job LossesOne downside of self-driving cars is that they could put a lot of professional drivers out of jobs, like truck drivers, taxi/Uber drivers, and bus drivers. While this would be bad for those workers, hopefully new jobs could be created in other areas to make up for it.CostFinally, ensuring self-driving cars can operate safely under any conditions while having backup systems is very complex and costly. The first self-driving cars that come out might only be affordable for wealthy people, not the average family. But over time as production increases, the costs could come down.My Thoughts on Self-Driving CarsOverall, I'm really excited about the future potential ofself-driving cars! Being able to go anywhere just by telling my car's computer where I want to go sounds incredibly convenient.But safety has to be the top priority before they become mainstream on the roads. Maybe by the time I'm old enough to drive, self-driving cars will finally be the norm and households won't need multiple cars since one self-driving car could dispersely shuttle each family member around on their schedules. Just one of the many ways this new technology could transform transportation!篇3The Awesome and Scary World of Self-Driving CarsSelf-driving cars are vehicles that can drive themselves without a human driver! They use sensors, cameras, and computers to see the road, follow traffic laws, and get you where you need to go. Self-driving cars are an amazing new technology that could make driving way more convenient and safer. But they also have some potential dangers we need to think about. Let me tell you about the awesome upsides and scary downsides of these futuristic vehicles!The Benefits of Self-Driving CarsNot having to drive sounds like a kid's dream come true! With a self-driving car, you could kick back, play video games, watch movies, eat snacks, or even take a nap during your trip. Nomore keeping your eyes glued to the road. The car's computers and sensors will do all the hard work for you.Self-driving cars could also give freedom to people who can't drive normal cars due to age or disabilities. Little kids, elderly folks, and people with vision problems or other challenges could all get around independently in a self-driving vehicle. How cool is that?The coolest benefit of all might be the potential for far fewer car accidents. Human drivers often get distracted, drive recklessly, or just make mistakes that cause crashes. Butself-driving cars have lightning-fast sensors and never get sleepy or distracted. They are designed to obey all traffic laws and drive more safely than humans. Imagine how many lives could be saved!Potential Dangers of Self-Driving CarsAs awesome as self-driving cars sound, they also have some pretty scary potential risks we need to think about. One of the biggest worries is equipment failure or software glitches. What if the sensors or computers on a self-driving car malfunction while driving? A minor glitch could cause a dangerous situation or even a terrible accident.Hackers are also a concern for any computer-controlled system like self-driving cars. Bad people could potentially hack into the systems and cause chaos - like suddenly taking control of the vehicle against your will. That's a chilling thought!Another issue is the question of responsibility if aself-driving car does get into an accident. Is it the car company's fault for any crashes and injuries? Or does some responsibility fall on the person riding in the self-driving car? These types of legal issues will need to be sorted out.Self-driving cars also bring up some tricky ethical dilemmas. If an accident is unavoidable, how should the car's programming decide between two bad options? Should it risk injuring pedestrians or put its passengers in harm's way? There are no easy answers.Losing Driving FreedomFinally, some people are worried that self-driving cars could eventually make human driving illegal, at least in certain areas. After all, if autonomous vehicles are vastly safer than human drivers, why would we allow the unsafe human option? While this could prevent many accidents, it would also take away the freedom and feeling of control that some people love about driving themselves.Brave New WorldSo those are some of the major pros and cons to think about with self-driving cars. I'm still not sure if I'm more excited about their potential awesomeness or scared of the risks. Self-driving vehicles could make driving incredibly easy, convenient, and safe. But their autonomy and reliance on complex technology also creates new types of dangers. I guess only time will tell if they turn out to be a fantastic innovation or a troubling can of worms.Either way, the world is going to look very different in the future with these computer-chauffeured cars sharing the roads. As a kid, I find it all quite fascinating and futuristic. Self-driving cars feel like science fiction brought to life! Part of me will be sad to see traditional human driving go away. But mostly, I'm excited to grow up in such an amazingly advanced world. Just don't be surprised if you see me playing video games from the backseat of the family's new self-driving car!。
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that "could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines." But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today's robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that." What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak, they don't understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don't work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel."（1）How are the new social robots different from Siri?A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality.D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.（2）In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.A. are deeply connected with human beingsB. are unable to build a real relationship with childrenC. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beingsD. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children（3）The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. emotionB. painC. fearD. thinking（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA. B.C. D.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。
2008年6月21日大学英语六级真题及答案PartⅠWriting (30 minutes)Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……3.我的看法Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.What will the world be like in fifty years?This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056,fron gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the world‟s fi nest minds believe our futures will be.For those of us lucky enough to live that long,2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself.The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexbaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice.Will we really, as today‟s scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150?Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.”Living longerAnthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells.Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the abilityto produce“unlimited supplies” of transplantable human organs without the needed a n ew organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patient‟s immuno-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type.These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and alloweing them to deveoop into and organ in place of the animal‟s own. But Prof. Lahn believes that farmed brains would be “off limits”.He says: “Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone els e‟s and we probably don‟t want to put a human brain ing an animal body.”Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could develop“an thentic anti-ageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger animals such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:“It‟s is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the first class of 100-year-olds who are as vigorous and pro ductive as today‟s people in their 60s”AliensConlin Pillinger ,professor of planerary sciences at the Open University,says:”I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life didi start to evolve on Mars well as Earth.”Within 50years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites(陨石). Chris McKay,a planetary scientist at NASA‟s Ames Research Center.believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forst of Mars or on other planers.He adds:”There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on Earth.It mightbe as different as English is to Chinese.Priceton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “likely” that life form outer space will be discovered defore 2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing,are improving.He ays:”As soon as the first evidence is found,we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe.Colonies in spaceRichard Gottprofessor of astrophysics at Princeton,hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars,which would be a “life insurance policy against whateve r catastrophes,natural or otherwise,might occur on Earth.“The real space race is whether we will colonise off Earth on to other worlds before money forthe space programme runs out.”Spinal injuriesEllen Heber-Katz,a professor at the Wistar Institude in Philadelphia,foresees cures for inijuries causing paralysis such as the one that afflicated Superman star Christopher Reeve.She says:”I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to profescribe drugs that cause severes(断裂的) spinal cords to heal,hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow.“People will come to expect that injured or diseased organs are meant to be repaired from within,inmuch the same way that we fix an appliance or automobile:by replancing the damaged part with a manufacturer-certified new part.”She predict that within 5 to 10 years fingers and toes will be regrown and limbs will start to be regrown a few years later. Reparies to the nervous system will start with optic nerves and,in time,the spinal cord.”Within 50years whole body replacement will be routine,”Prof.Heber-Katz adds.ObesitySydney Brenner,senior distinguished fellow of the Crick-Jacobs Center in California,won the 2002 Noblel Prize for Medicine and says that if there is a global disaster some humans will survive-and evolition will favour small people with bodies large enough to support the required amount of brain power.”Obesity,”he says.”will have been solved.”RobotsRodney Brooks,professor of robotice at MIT,says the problems of developing artificial intelligence for robots will be at least partly overcome.As a result,”the possibilities for robots working with people will open up immensely”EnergyBill Joy,green technology expert in Califomia,says:”The most significant breakthrought would be to have an inexhaustible source of safe,green energy that is substantially cheaper than any existing energy source.”Ideally,such a source would be safe in that it could not be made into weapons and would not make hazardous or toxic waste or carbon dioxide,the main greenhouse gas blamed for global warming.SocietyGeoffrey Miller,evolutionary psychologist at the University of New Mexico,says:”The US will follow the UKin realizing that religion is nor a prerequisite (前提)for ordinary human decency.“This,s cience will kill religion-not by reason challenging faith but by offering a more practical,uniwersal and rewarding moral frameworkfor human interaction.”He also predicts that “ahsurdly wasteful”displays of wealth will become umfashionable while the importance of close-knit communities and families will become clearer.These there changer,he says,will help make us all”brighe\ter,wiser,happier and kinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning Spring 200311.439 Revitalizing Urban Main StreetsField Trip to Mission Hill and Egleston Square Main Street Districts14 February 2003Team 1: Traffic/Pedestrian Activity/TransitIn your tour of the District, keep the following questions in mind (and please add your own!): Traffic1. How fast is vehicular traffic on the streets of the District?2. What percentage of the traffic appears to be through-traffic (as opposed to localtraffic to local destinations)?3. Is there adequate parking along the street?4. Are the spaces metered or regulated in some way?5. Is there a time limit for non-metered spaces? What is it?6. Do you see meter maids or police monitoring parking?Pedestrian Activity7. Do you feel comfortable as a pedestrian in the District?8. Are crosswalks clearly marked? Are there pedestrian crossing lights?9. Are there benches and other places for pedestrians to rest?10. Are there buildings, storefronts, activities that give interest to the pedestrianexperience?11. Are the sidewalks wide enough for a walk with a friend?12. If you were in a wheelchair or pushing a stroller, could you navigate from one blockto another?Transit13. How far are bus and train lines from the core of the District?14. Are transit stops clearly labeled?15. Are there shelters for bus stops? Benches?16. What are the pedestrian connections to bus and transit stops?17. Is there commercial activity in or connected to the bus and transit stops?General18. Define the core of the District. Why is this the core?19. What do you perceive as the two or three greatest challenges facing the District?20. Define the image of the District in 2-3 sentences. What elements of the District createthis image?21. If you could only do one thing to improve the physical quality of the District, whatwould it be?22. How could the commercial aspect of the District be improved?23. What connections do you see between economic development and the physicalcharacteristics of the District?11.439 Revitalizing Urban Main StreetsField Trip to Mission Hill and Egelston Square Main Street Districts14 February 2003Team 2: Commercial ActivityIn your tour of the District, keep the following questions in mind (and please add your own!): Level of Commercial Activity1. As you walk down the street, does commercial area appear vibrant?2. Are storefronts occupied? How many vacant spaces are there?3. Does there appear to be enough parking for the commercial establishments?4. What is your impression of storefronts and displays in the District?Business Mix5. What percentage of activity is retail (convenience vs. comparison)? service?6. What concentrations of the same or related businesses exist?7. What and where are the anchor or destination businesses that brings many people?8. Is the district divided spatially by type of uses or businesses?9. From your observations, how would you describe the market/clientele for thisDistrict?10. How would you describe the District’s economic role?Development Opportunities11. Are there vacant or underutilized sites in the District?12. What would you propose for these sites?13. Are their undesirable or problematic uses in the District?14. What is the typical size of retail stores? What range of sizes exists?Pedestrian Activity15. Do you feel comfortable as a pedestrian in the District?16. Are the District and commercial activities visually interesting?General17. Define the core of the District. Why is this the core?18. What do you perceive as the two or three greatest challenges facing the District?19. Define the image of the District in 2-3 sentences. What elements of the District createthis image?20. If you could only do one thing to improve the physical quality of the District, whatwould it be?21. How could the commercial aspect of the District be improved?22. What connections do you see between economic development and the physicalcharacteristics of the District?11.439 Revitalizing Urban Main StreetsField Trip to Mission Hill and Egelston Square Main Street Districts14 February 2003Team 3: Architecture/Urban DesignIn your tour of the District, keep the following questions in mind (and please add your own!): Architectural Styles and Quality/Condition of Buildings1. What are the predominant building materials?2. Do the buildings appear to be of a consistent style or are they varied?3. In general, what is the condition of the buildings?Land Uses4. Does it look as though people live and work in the District?5. What percentage of activity appears to be retail (convince or comparison)? Service?Vacant?6. Does there appear to be enough parking for the commercial establishments?7. Are there any parks in the District? What is their condition?8. How are the open space, parks, and vacant lots used?Streetscape, Street Furniture, Signage9. What is the condition of the sidewalks? Are they wide enough to comfortably walkwith a friend?10. Are there places to sit? Are there bike racks?11. Describe the kinds of signage in the District. What works well, what doesn’t?12. Are there streetlights in the District? How far apart are they spaced? How high? Vacant Lots and Buildings13. Can you propose uses for any vacant lots (perfect place for a small park? Commercialdevelopment? Community garden?)?14. Where are the vacant buildings in the District? What is there condition?General15. Define the core of the District. Why is this the core?16. What do you perceive as the two or three greatest challenges facing the District?17. Define the image of the District in 2-3 sentences. What elements of the District createthis image?18. If you could only do one thing to improve the physical quality of the District, whatwould it be?19. How could the commercial aspect of the District be improved?20. What connections do you see between economic development and the physicalcharacteristics of the District?11.439 Revitalizing Urban Main StreetsField Trip to Mission Hill and Egelston Square Main Street Districts14 February 2003Team 4: District Image/Clues/PeopleIn your tour of the District, keep the following questions in mind (and please add your own!): District Image/Clues1. What is your initial impression of the District?2. What contributes to this impression?3. Define the image of the District in 2-3 sentences. What elements of the District createthis image? Please prepare a photo narrative for this question.4. How does this image compare to the surrounding areas?5. How would you describe the District’s economic role?People6. Describe the people who live/work/shop here.General7. If you could only do one thing to improve the physical quality of the District, whatwould it be?8. How could the commercial aspect of the District be improved?9. Define the core of the District. Why is this the core?10. What do you perceive as the two or three greatest challenges facing the District?11. If you could only do one thing to improve the physical quality of the District, whatwould it be?12. How could the commercial aspect of the District be improved?13. What connections do you see between economic development and the physicalcharacteristics of the District?。
英语作文张贴通知严禁电动车进入全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1No E-Scooters Allowed!Hey guys! I have some really crazy news to share with you all today. You're not going to believe what happened at my school this week. Get ready, because this story is absolutely bonkers!So, it all started on Monday morning. I was walking to class like I do every day, carrying my super cool Spiderman backpack and thinking about what awesome games we would play at recess. As I approached the big front doors of the school, I noticed there were all these bright new signs posted everywhere. They had a picture of an electric scooter with a huge red X through it.At first, I didn't think too much about it. I just figured maybe the school was putting up decorations for some event or something. But boy, was I wrong!When I got to my classroom, my teacher Mrs. Anderson was waiting with a very serious look on her face. "Alright class, I have an important announcement," she said loudly to get everyone'sattention. "Starting immediately, electric scooters and any other kind of motorized transportation device are strictly prohibited on school grounds."You could have heard a pin drop after she said that! The whole class went completely silent for what felt like forever. We were all just staring at each other with our mouths hanging open in shock.Finally, after what seemed like an entire year, Jacob Simmons raised his hand. "But...but why, Mrs. Anderson?" he stammered out. "Aren't electric scooters so cool? I just got a brand new one for my birthday!"Mrs. Anderson sighed and shook her head. "I know many of you probably think they're fun to ride," she explained. "But the truth is, they can be very dangerous, especially around the school where there are so many kids walking around. The principal is worried someone could get seriously hurt if a scooter crashes into them."Well, that set off a frenzy of shouts and protests from half the kids in our class. A ton of them had gotten electric scooters recently because they're the hottest new trend. Having to leave them at home was absolutely devastating news."That's not fair!" Samantha Lewis cried out. "How am I supposed to get to school now? My mom uses the car to get to work!""Yeah, and my scooter goes like 20 miles per hour!" Joey Martinez added proudly. "It's so awesome!""Fast electric vehicles have no place at an elementary school," Mrs. Anderson stated firmly, giving Joey a stern look. "End of story. If you're caught riding one on school property, there will be consequences."I couldn't believe what I was hearing. An entire mode of transportation, banned? Just like that? My mind was blown.The next few days were totally nuts, let me tell you. It was like the wild west out there on the school grounds in the mornings and after classes let out. You had some kids zipping around at dangerous speeds on their e-scooters, willing to risk everything just to get a few more rides in. But then you had other kids purposely standing in their way, trying to blockade the streets so the riders would get in trouble.A few unfortunate souls didn't follow the new rules and ended up having their scooters confiscated by the principal or teachers on patrol. I saw more than a few cry fests happening inthe principal's office when their prized possessions got taken away. It was not a pretty sight!Personally, while I thought e-scooters were kind of fun, I didn't actually own one myself. So while this new policy was a huge bummer for my friends, it didn't affect me quite as much. I just stuck to my trusty old bicycle with the cool flame decorations I added myself. No one was trying to ban bikes, at least not yet!Still, I couldn't help feeling really bad for those kids whose parents had spent a ton of money on an expensive electric scooter, only for them to get it taken away a few weeks later. That's just totally unfair if you ask me.My friend Michael was one of the really unfortunate ones. His parents bought him this tricked-out electric scooter that could go like 25 miles per hour for his 10th birthday back in March. He was so pumped about it and bragged about it to everyone nonstop for weeks. But of course, when the new scooter ban rules went into effect, thatě-scooter got locked up by Mr. Woods faster than you can say "red light, green light."I'll never forget the day he came into class with his eyes all red and puffy from crying so much. "They took my scooter..." he told me sadly while sniffling. "My beautiful, brand new scooter!And I'm not allowed to get it back for a whole month as punishment!"My heart just shattered into a million little pieces seeing him so upset. Michael is usually such a funny, upbeat kid. To see him that miserable over something he was so passionate about was a total bummer.Most people have been pretty good about following the rules after those first couple of crazy days. I mean, they have to be - the teachers are dead serious about kicking any scooter riders off campus if they try any nonsense. A few rebel students here and there will still try to sneak a few rides in when no teachers are watching. But for the most part, the chaos has calmed down.I've gotta hand it to Mr. Simpson, our school principal – he was not messing around with enforcing this rule. He's had the school security guards out in full force giving any kid on ane-scooter the evil eye. I even saw them chase after one kid until he ditched his scooter in a bush and ran for it! Wild stuff.So yeah, that's been the biggest drama happening at good ol' Franklin Elementary over the past couple of weeks. The nice, quiet school where we learned about math and spelling hasturned into a battlefield between teachers and students over electric transportation. Who could have ever predicted that?I can't even imagine what genius decided that handing hundreds of elementary schoolers vehicles that can go 20 miles per hour was a good idea in the first place! What did they think was going to happen other than total mayhem?Part of me feels really bad for all my friends who got their e-scooters taken away and aren't allowed to touch them for weeks or months. But another part of me understands where the principal and teachers are coming from. Having kids zipping around at those speeds with so many little ones walking around does seem like a recipe for disaster waiting to happen.Either way, this e-scooter saga has been one for the ages! I'll never forget the sheer pandemonium of those first few days when the new rule dropped. Or the heartbroken expressions when scooters got confiscated. This was an incredibly controversial decision that's divided our school for sure.Looking back on it, I don't think anything could have prepared us for this level of chaos and conflict! This whole experience just reinforced to me how quickly things can change in such an unexpected, disruptive way. One day, everything'snormal. The next, a beloved activity gets banned and turns your world upside down.So yeah, that's been my wild adventure with the electric scooter prohibition here at Franklin Elementary. An event that started with simple new signage turned into a full-blown drama involving chases, crying fits, and a clash between the school's rules and kids' current favorite toys & transportation methods. Pretty crazy stuff for a 4th grader, huh?I have a feeling this e-scooter controversy is going to be something my friends and I remember and talk about for years and years to come, kind of like how our parents always bring up stories from their childhood about Teachers who used to rap knuckles with rulers or having to walk 10 miles to school in blizzard conditions or whatever. This will definitely go down as one of those classic elementary school memories that sticks with you forever.So that's my take on the electric scooter situation that turned my school upside down over the past couple of weeks. Did your school ever have any big rule changes or controversies like this happen when you were a kid? I'd love to hear all about it! Thanks for reading my wild story - I'll see you all next time for another crazy adventure!篇2No Electric Scooters or Bikes Allowed!Hey friends! I've got something really important to tell you all about today. Mrs. Miller asked me to write up this big notice to let everybody know about the new rules for electric scooters, bikes, skateboards and all that stuff on campus.You probably already heard that we can't ride those electric things at school anymore. I know, I know, it stinks! Those cool electric rides seemed so fun to zip around on. But there were just way too many problems with them, so now they are totally banned from our school grounds. No ifs, ands or buts!Let me break down what happened and why this new rule is so important for all of us to follow.The Big WipeoutI'm sure you all remember the day Zack took a massive spill on his electric scooter right in the middle of the quad during lunch. He was going pretty fast and trying to show off doing tricks when he lost control and went splat on the concrete. Poor Zack had to get his arm put in a cast and everything!That was definitely the biggest wipeout, but there were lots of smaller crashes too. Jamal ran right into that bench trying to slalom between them. Kaitlyn biffed it hard when her electric scooter ran out of battery halfway across the field. Those little wheels can stop on a dime!So many kids were getting bumped, bruised or banged up from falls and collisions. Not cool! We've got to keep it safe around here.Sidewalk SlowdownsAnother big issue was how crowded and crazy the sidewalks became during passing periods with all those rides zipping around. The school got so many complaints from teachers and parents about a line of kids on scooters or skateboards holding up foot traffic and creating huge jams.I'll never forget the day Mr. Hendrix's whole class was lined up in the hall and Brody came zooming through on his electric skateboard right through the middle of the line! He barely missed taking out poor Mrs. Franklin. That was way too close for comfort.The traffic got so bad in the morning and after school too. Cars couldn't get through because the drop-off zones wereblocked by kids on their hot rides. It was a total traffic nightmare! No wonder campus supervisors were constantly yelling at kids to get off those things.Courtyard ChaosRemember when poor Tommy accidentally ran over Mrs. Roberts' award-winning petunias in the courtyard? Oof, she was furious! To be fair, Tommy did apologize about a million times. But still...those were her prized flower boxes that took months of love and care to grow.There was also the day a bunch of kids were doing jump ramp contests by the drinking fountains. Harmless fun at first, until Anthony's electric bike slammed right into the hydration station! Water was spraying everywhere. We all got drenched but it was pretty hilarious.I'm surprised the principal didn't ban electric rides sooner after all the chaos they caused around campus. It just got too wild and dangerous. No one wants to see their friends getting hurt or school property getting wrecked by out-of-control scooters and bikes.Uncharged and UnsafeOn top of all the Safety issues, those battery powered rides were just unreliable too. How many times did you see a group of kids having to push or carry their electric scooters because they ran out of juice mid-ride?I felt so bad for Emily when she got stuck across the field because her bike's battery crapped out. She had to lug that super heavy thing all the way back to the racks. Definitely not a pretty sight!There were also issues with kids tampering with the electrical systems or motors to try and make their rides go crazy fast. That's definitely not safe at all! Those things can only go so fast before becoming a runaway hazard to everyone.The Final StrawI think the final straw that forced the principal's hand was Kevin's wild ride gone wrong a few weeks ago. He was showing off on his parent's fancy electric motorcycle doing wheelies right through the front entrance loop. Somehow he lost control and went airborne! The cycle crashed right through the main office window.Boy, you should have seen the look on Principal Lopez's face. I've never seen anyone's jaw drop so far. And Kevin's parents hadto pay a huge bill to replace that giant window too. No more hot wheels for Kevin, that's for sure!So with all those problems putting student safety at risk and creating such a ruckus all around campus, the principal really had no choice but to ban electric rides for good. No more scooters, bikes, skateboards, or anything else powered by a motor or battery. It's just too dangerous and disruptive.A Bummer, But It Had to HappenYeah, I get that it's a huge bummer not being able to ride your cool electric wheels to school anymore. Those are so fun and make getting around a million times easier instead of walking everywhere. But the problems caused by reckless behavior were just too much of a headache.This new rule isn't about taking away our fun. It's about keeping everyone safe, peaceful, and undistracted. Our teachers and principal just want to make sure no more kids get hurt and that our campus stays nice and pretty without everything getting torn up or run over.Who knows, maybe if we can all be super responsible and prove we can handle regular bikes, skateboards and scooters without causing chaos or danger, they'll let the electric ones backon campus someday. But for now, it's a hard "no" on anything with a chargeable battery or motor.I know change is hard, but this is a rule we all need to follow going forward. We may be bummed about it at first, but just think about poor Zack's broken arm or Kevin crashing through that window. Yikes! None of us want to end up in the nurse's office or end up stuck paying the school tons of money, right?Let's appreciate this new rule for what it is - a way to protect each other and keep our campus in tip-top shape. We can still bike, skate and scoot around...it'll just have to be theold-fashioned way from now on. At least until we prove we can be trusted with electric rides again someday.So there you have it, friends! I hope I explained everything clearly. If you've got any other questions, feel free to ask Mrs. Miller or Principal Lopez. Just please listen to this new "no electric wheels" policy so we can avoid any more crazy crashes or teachers yelling at us. A calm, safe school for all is way more important than getting to class a few minutes faster on a cool set of wheels.Thanks for reading, and remember - ditch those batteries and let's get back to riding responsibly!Your pal,Mikey篇3No Electric Scooters Allowed!The other day, I was walking into school when I noticed a big new sign near the entrance gate. It was bright red and had some words written in bold letters. I stopped to take a look and this is what it said:"NOTICE: ELECTRIC VEHICLES PROHIBITED FROM ENTERING SCHOOL GROUNDS"Electric vehicles? I thought to myself. What's that all about? The only electric vehicles I could think of were some of my classmates' cool electric scooters and hoverboards they sometimes rode to school.At first, I got really upset and worried. Did this mean my friends wouldn't be allowed to ride their awesome e-scooters and hoverboards to school anymore? That wouldn't be fair at all! Those things are so much fun to ride, and they help get kids to class faster without getting too sweaty from running or biking.I decided I needed to investigate this new rule a bit more. After classes ended for the day, I went to talk to Mr. Thompson, one of the teachers on patrol during dropoff and pickup times. I showed him the sign and asked him what it meant exactly."Well Jimmy," he said in his kind voice after reading the notice, "This new rule means that for safety reasons, we can't allow any electric rideables like scooters, hoverboards, or electric bikes onto the school property during school hours.""But why not?" I pleaded. "They're not dangerous! We're always really careful on them."Mr. Thompson sighed. "I know you kids are responsible most of the time. But the truth is, those electric vehicles can go pretty fast, much faster than a regular kick scooter or bike. With so many little kids walking around, if one loses control there could be a bad accident. We've already had a few close calls."I could kind of see his point, but I wasn't convinced yet. "But Mr. Thompson, couldn't we just make a rule that you can only ride really slowly inside the gates? And make a path to the bike racks separate from the walking areas?""Nice suggestions Jimmy, but it's just too much of a risk I'm afraid. Even riding slowly, those e-scooters can stopunpredictably if they hit a small bump or crack. And making separate paths wouldn't prevent vehicles from eventually crossing walking areas."I slumped my shoulders, disappointed but also understanding where he was coming from. Safety did have to come first, even if it meant losing a fun way to get to school."Tell you what though," Mr. Thompson continued. "The rule doesn't stop you kids from riding your electric rides on the sidewalks and streets OUTSIDE the school gates. You'll just need to hop off and walk, or carry your scooter or hoverboard, once you get to the entrance. How's that sound?"I nodded. "I guess that could work. We'd still get to ride most of the way at least.""Exactly!" Mr. Thompson smiled. "And who knows, maybe in a few years as the technology improves, we could look at allowing certain e-vehicles on campus again, just with much stricter rules. But for now, we need to put safety first with this new policy."As I walked home later, I thought more about the electric vehicle ban. Even though part of me wished we could still ride those fun scooters and hoverboards right up to our lockers, Iknew Mr. Thompson was right. Accidents can happen so easily, and with little kids walking everywhere, it wasn't worth the risk of someone getting seriously hurt.I passed a few kids on regular kick scooters and bikes on my way home, grinning and freestyling a bit as they rode. Maybe in the end it wasn't such a bad thing to go back to the more traditional modesTof kid transportation for a while. Sure, they aren't quite as flashyOr high-tech, but they allow for just as much fun without theXadditional safety concerns.The next morning, I told my friends about my conversation with Mr. Thompson andTwhat the new "No Electric Vehicles" sign reallyZmeant. Most of them seemed bummed at first, but then realized it probably was the safest choice, at least until things like e-scooter technology and rules could be updated.We all just had to make sure to give ourselves a little extra time to park our electric rides outside the gates and walk onto campus. And who knowsC maybe it would finally motivate a few of the lazier kids to get some healthy exercise by ditching theirEelectric transports and walking, biking or kick-scooting to school insteadVSo while the electric vehicle ban seemed totallyUnfair at first, after talking to Mr. Thompson I realizedAit was a reasonableruleXput in place with good intentions -F to prevent any kids from getting hurt. Even if it meant watching my friends' cool gadgets get parked outside each morning, safetyBwas more important than anything. It was a small sacrifice toCmake to keep our school grounds as safe and fun asXpossible for everyone.。
安全过马路的英语作文六年级下册全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1Crossing the Road SafelyHi friends! Today I want to tell you all about crossing the road safely. It's super important to know how to cross roads properly so you don't get hurt. My mom and dad taught me the rules when I was little and now I'm a pro!First up, you gotta use the crosswalk if there is one. Crosswalks are those zebra striped lines on the road that show you where it's safest to cross. If you don't cross at the crosswalk, it's way harder for drivers to see you. And you could get in big trouble too! My pal Jake didn't use the crosswalk once and got a ticket from the police. He had to pay a fine which is no fun.So always use the crosswalk if you can. But what if there isn't a crosswalk around? Then you have to find a safe place to cross where you can see the road really clearly in both directions. Pick a spot with good visibility and no bushes or poles blocking your view of the vehicles coming. My crossing guard Mrs. Martin saysto never cross between parked cars either as drivers can't see you until it's too late.Once you've picked your spot, stop at the edge of the road and look left, then right, then left again. You want to check both ways twice to be totally sure no cars are coming. Also keep your eyes peeled for bikes and skateboards and anything else moving on the road too. My brother got whacked by a skateboarder once when he didn't look properly!If the road is clear in both directions, you can begin walking straight across while continuing to watch both ways. Don't dawdle or stop in the middle either! Get across quickly but don't run as you could trip. And definitely don't go chasing a ball or toy that rolls into the road - it's not worth the risk of getting hit by a car. My gym teacher says roads are for transport, not for playing!If cars are coming from one direction, you have to wait on the sidewalk edge until that road is fully clear before crossing. Never try to sneak across in the gaps between cars as drivers could be going faster than you think. And they might not even see you with all their blind spots! Just stay put and wait patiently for an opening when you can cross safely from start to finish without any vehicles approaching.So far so good, right? But we're not done yet! There's one more big rule about crossing roads and it could save your life: always watch out for turning vehicles at intersections too. Lots of accidents happen when pedestrians step out in front of a car that's turning onto their road. The driver might be distracted and not see you, or misjudge how fast you're moving.That's why at corners and intersections, you should make eye contact with any drivers preparing to turn before you step off the curb. give them a little wave too so they see you and know you're about to cross. If a car is getting ready to turn into your path, stay put and let them go first, even if you think you could sneak across quickly. Better to be safe than sorry when it comes to turning vehicles!Phew, I know it's a lot to remember! But crossing roads safely is crucial to avoid getting injured or worse. Every year, lots of pedestrians get hurt or even killed from not being careful enough. My teacher says the most important rules are to be focused, be seen, communicate with drivers, and never take chances. Let's go through the key points one more time:Use crosswalks and cross at corners/intersections whenever possibleIf no crosswalk, find a straight path with full visibilityLook left, right, left again before stepping off the curbWalk, don't run, and get all the way across without stoppingWait for any cars to pass before crossing their pathsMake eye contact and communicate with turning driversFollow those guidelines and you'll be a road crossing ninja like me! I know all the safety rules like the back of my hand. Which means my mom and dad can feel good about me walking places on my own. Maybe if you learn them too, your parents will give you more independence as well. Just remember: roads can be really dangerous, so we gotta stay alert and never take shortcuts. Crossing safely is the only way to cross! Let's keep each other safe out there, friends!篇2Safely Crossing the StreetWow, today's topic is super important guys - how to safely cross the street! As kids, we walk around a lot and have to cross roads all the time to get places. But streets can actually be really dangerous if you're not careful. Cars and trucks are huge and can seriously hurt you if you're not paying attention. That's why weall need to learn the proper way to cross streets and use crosswalks.First up, you should only ever cross at corners or marked crosswalks. Jaywalking by crossing in the middle of the block is against the rules and way too risky. At corners and crosswalks, drivers are expecting to see pedestrians. But if you randomly cross elsewhere, drivers might not see you coming.Next, you absolutely have to look both ways before crossing - to the left, to the right, and over your shoulder for turning cars. It's crazy how many kids just step right out into the street without looking! Take a few seconds to stop at the curb and look all around, even if you think it's clear. Sometimes cars can seem far away but be going really fast.My mom has drilled into me to never assume that cars will stop, even at crosswalks. You've got to make eye contact with drivers to make sure they see you and are going to let you cross. If a car is coming, let them go first rather than trying to beat them. Us pedestrians may have the right of way in crosswalks, but that doesn't matter if we get smoked by a car!Speaking of which, I've also learned to watch out for cars that are stopped and could start moving again unexpectedly. Like if there's a line of cars stopped at a red light or stop sign,don't just walk out between them! One of those cars could start moving without seeing you. Definitely wait until it's totally clear to cross when cars are stopped.If there's a crossing guard around, always listen to them and follow their instructions. Those ladies and guys are in charge of pedestrian safety and know exactly when it's safe to walk. Never try to cross when the crossing guard is holding up their stop sign!There are also special pedestrian signals at some intersections that let us know when to walk. A walking person symbol means it's okay to cross. But a flashing hand or numbers counting down means you'd better hurry across if you're already in the crosswalk, and if you're waiting, don't even try to cross until the next cycle.You've got to be extra careful crossing at night too, since it's way harder for drivers to see pedestrians in the dark. If it's nighttime, try to cross where there's good streetlighting and wear bright or reflective clothes so drivers can spot you. And definitely no goofing around or being distracted when you're crossing a street, guys. That's just asking for trouble!Intersections can be really confusing too, with cars coming from multiple directions. The key is to watch all the traffic signalsand wait until every single lane is stopped before you go. I always have to remind myself to look left, right, and left again before stepping out, checking every lane each time.In neighborhoods without sidewalks, it's smart to walk facing traffic so you can see any cars coming at you. And don't ever walk along the road wearing headphones or looking at your phone - you need all your senses to be aware of surrounding cars.One last really important safety tip - when crossing train tracks, you've got to stop, look both ways, and listen for any trains coming! Trains are so huge and can't stop very quickly, so never try to beat one across the tracks. That would be a disaster! Always cross train tracks quickly too, without stopping to mess around on them.Well there you have it, all the keys to being a safe pedestrian! It's a lot to remember, but keeping these street smarts in mind could literally save your life someday. We're small fry compared to cars and trucks, so we've got to be on our A-game and use all the crosswalk rules every single time we cross a street.I know it can seem like a hassle, but developing good pedestrian habits now will become second nature. Then you won't even have to think about it - looking both ways, waiting forthe walk signal, making eye contact with drivers, all that jazz will be automatic. Don't be that kid who gets caught playing in traffic!We've all learned stories of kids getting injured or worse from darting across streets without thinking. It's just not worth the risk to be impatient or careless, even if you're in a hurry. Following pedestrian laws might add a couple minutes to your walk, but it could also save your life. No text, game, or friend is more important than that!So there you go friends, everything you need to know to walk this way and avoid becoming roadkill! Listen to your parents, teachers, and crossing guards, and you'll be an expert street crosser. Stay safe out there, and look both ways twice for me!篇3Crossing the Street SafelyHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm a 6th grader. Today I'm going to tell you all about how to cross the street safely. It's really important to know this stuff because getting hit by a car would be really bad!First of all, you should only cross at marked crosswalks or intersections with traffic signals and signs. Jaywalking or crossing anywhere else is dangerous because cars might not be expecting people in the road there. The crosswalk lines are there to show drivers where to look out for people crossing.When you get to the crosswalk or intersection, there are a few things you need to do before you start going across. Stop at the curb or edge of the road and look left, right, and left again to make sure no cars are coming. You have to look both ways because cars can come from either direction!Even if you don't see any cars at first, don't start walking right away. There could be a car that's too far away for you to see easily. Wait and keep looking until you're absolutely certain the road is clear in both directions with no vehicles approaching.If there's a pedestrian signal or traffic light, you have to obey it just like drivers have to obey signals for cars. A walking person symbol means it's your turn to cross. A hand symbol or flashing hand means you shouldn't start crossing yet and need to wait. If the light is red, that also means stop and don't cross until it changes.While you're crossing, you need to keep looking around in all directions in case a car comes up suddenly. Never just walkacross staring straight ahead or looking at your phone! A lot of accidents happen because pedestrians weren't paying attention.If there's a crossing guard helping people cross the street, you have to listen to them and follow their instructions. They're directing traffic so everyone can cross safely.When there are parked cars on the sides of the street, you have to be extra careful because it's hard for drivers and you to see each other. Try to cross where you have a clear view in both directions if possible. Peek around the parked cars and keep scanning as you cross.It's also important to walk, not run across the crosswalk or intersection. Running can make you slip and fall into traffic. Just walk at a normal pace and you'll get across in plenty of time.Once you're all the way across to the other side, keep walking on the sidewalk or path a little further past the crosswalk before stopping. Don't stand right next to the edge of the road.Those are the main rules for how to cross a street safely as a pedestrian. But there's one more thing I want to mention. If you ever drop a toy or something in the street, never run out into the road to get it! Ask a parent or trusted adult nearby for help instead. Getting hit trying to pick something up isn't worth it.Always think about your safety first when crossing roads and intersections. Follow the rules I talked about and you'll be an expert pedestrian in no time! Getting from one side to the other might seem easy, but there are a lot of little things to remember. Let's go over the key points one more time:Cross at marked crosswalks or intersections with signals only.Stop at the curb and look left, right, left for traffic before crossing.Obey all pedestrian signals and traffic lights.Keep looking around in all directions as you cross.Walk, don't run across the road.Watch for possible dangers like parked cars blocking your view.If you drop something, don't run into the street for it!Stay safe out there, and let's keep the streets free of pedestrian accidents! Thanks for reading my essay, and I'll see you all on the other side of the road!篇4Crossing the Road is Easy if You Follow the Rules!Hi friends! Today I want to talk about something super important - crossing the road safely. We all have to cross roads sometimes to get where we need to go. But the road can be a dangerous place if you don't follow the rules. That's why it's so important to learn how to cross properly. Let me share what I've learned!First, you have to find a safe place to cross. The best spots are at crosswalks, intersections with traffic signals, or corners where you can see cars coming from all directions. Trying to cross in the middle of a road or between parked cars is really dangerous because drivers might not see you. So look for those designated crossing spots with good visibility.Next, you have to wait for the proper signal before stepping into the road. At an intersection with traffic lights, wait for the"Walk" signal or green light. If there are no traffic signals, you have to check that there are no vehicles coming from any direction before crossing. Take a good look left, then right, then left again before proceeding.Even if you have the "Walk" light, you should still check for any cars that might be turning into your path. Drivers sometimes don't pay close attention to pedestrians, so you have to be reallyalert. Never just step into the crosswalk without looking both ways first!While you're crossing, you need to keep watching out for any vehicles that might be approaching. Don't get distracted by your phone or music - stay focused on getting safely across. If a car is coming, let it pass before you enter that traffic lane. And keep an eye out for any cars that might be turning into your path.If the road is really wide, there may be a median or traffic island in the middle that you can use. Cross to the median, then make sure it's clear before proceeding to the other side of the road. Take your time and only enter the next set of traffic lanes when it's completely safe.There's one more really important rule - make sure drivers in both directions can see you! Don't let parked cars, trees, or anything else block you from view. If a driver can't see you, they might not stop even if you're in the crosswalk. Try to make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.Following these basic rules for crossing the road will help keep you safe. But there are a few other tips that are good to know too:Don't run or horse around in the road or crosswalk. This could cause you to trip or get distracted.Remove headphones or anything else that could prevent you from hearing approaching traffic.In bad weather like heavy rain or snow, be extra cautious as drivers might have trouble seeing you or stopping.If there is a crossing guard present, obey their signals and follow their directions.Whew, that's a lot of rules isn't it? But following them is super important because getting hit by a car would be terrible. Every year, many pedestrians are injured or even killed by vehicles when they don't cross properly. You don't want to become one of those sad statistics!Instead, be smart and use all the safety tips I shared. That way you can cross roads without worry and get wherever you need to go. Paying attention and following the rules will help prevent a tragic accident.Your safety is the top priority, so take crossing roads seriously from now on. Watch for traffic, obey the signals and crossing guards, and make sure drivers see you before you stepinto their path. Easy peasy, right? Just remember to use your eyes, ears, and brain at all times.Alright friends, I hope this essay has helped you understand the importance of crossing roads carefully. It might seem like a lot of rules, but it's better to be safe than sorry! Follow them and you'll be an expert road crosser in no time. Stay safe out there, and I'll see you on the other side of the street!篇5Crossing the Street SafelyHi everyone! Today I want to talk about something super important - how to cross the street safely. It's a serious topic, but I'll try to make it fun too! After all, we all have to cross streets almost every day, so we need to know the right way to do it.First off, let's start with the basics. What's the number one rule when crossing a street? That's right - you should always use a crosswalk if there is one! Crosswalks are those zezra striped lines that are painted onto the road. They show pedestrians (that's the fancy word for people walking) where it's safe to cross.But just using the crosswalk isn't enough on its own. You also need to check that it's actually safe to go. How do you do that? By looking left, right, and left again before you step intothe street. I know it sounds silly, but this "look three times" rule is so important. Cars can come out of nowhere, so you have to keep your eyes peeled!Speaking of cars, you always need to make sure the drivers see you too. That's why it's best to cross at corners or intersections where there are traffic lights or stop signs. Drivers expect to see pedestrians in those areas, so they'll be extra alert. If you try crossing randomly in the middle of a road, there's a much higher chance a car won't see you coming.If there is a traffic light, you know the drill - only cross when you get the iconic "walking person" signal. But be careful, some of those signals don't give you much time! Once the flashing hand or countdown starts, you better hustle across before it changes. You don't want to get caught out in the road when cars start moving again!For crosswalks without traffic lights, it's a little trickier. You'll need to make eye contact with any drivers who are stopped to make sure they see you. Once you're confident it's safe, you can cross while keeping an eye out for any cars that might not have seen you.Sometimes there aren't any crosswalks at all, like in neighborhoods or small streets. In that case, you have to find asafe place to cross where you can see clearly in all directions. Corners are usually best for that. And remember - no cutting across between parked cars! Those are basically giant blind spots where drivers can't possibly see you coming.Oh, and one more thing - pay attention! It drives me crazy when I see people texting or zoning out with headphones on while they're crossing a street. You need to have all your senses on high alert to watch for any potential dangers. Getting hit by a car because you were distracted is just not worth it.I think those are the key safety tips for crossing streets. But I want to leave you with one last thought. Even if you follow every rule perfectly, there's no guarantee that a driver will too. Some people are just careless or distracted behind the wheel. So while you should absolutely do everything right when you're a pedestrian, you also have to prepare for others to make mistakes. Stay alert, wait for a gap in traffic when possible, and be ready to react quickly if a car comes a little too close for comfort.Phew, that was a lot of info! I know it might seem like there are a million different rules, but crossing streets is a skill we all have to master. After all, we can't just avoid roads forever! As long as we're smart, patient, and paying attention, we can all getwhere we need to go safely. The key is taking that extra bit of care, even if we're in a hurry or think we know a street really well.So next time you're about to cross a road, remember - look left, right, left again. Make sure cars see you. Follow all the traffic signals. Avoid distractions. And be ready for anything! Cause at the end of the day, your safety is the number one priority when navigating those busy streets.Thanks for listening, and happy safe crossing!。
父母跟学校帮我们遵守交通规则英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Parents and Schools Help Us Follow Traffic RulesHi there! My name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about traffic rules and how important it is for kids like me to follow them. Traffic rules keep us safe when we're walking, riding our bikes, or getting in a car. But you know what? Following all those rules isn't always easy for kids. That's why I'm really lucky that my parents and my school work hard to help me learn and obey traffic rules. Let me tell you how they do it!First up, my parents. They've been teaching me traffic rules since I was just a little kid. When I was really little, like 3 or 4 years old, they taught me basic stuff like holding their hand when crossing the street and staying on the sidewalk. They also got me safety gear like a helmet and knee pads for riding my tricycle. Even though I thought some of those rules were annoying at the time, now I understand it was to keep me safe.As I got older, my parents taught me more advanced traffic rules. We practiced the "stop, look, and listen" routine forcrossing the street safely. We talked about how to be safe around cars by making eye contact with drivers and waiting for them to stop completely before crossing. My parents also drilled me on all the different road signs and signals and what they mean. Sometimes it felt like they were quizzing me, but it really helped me learn!My parents also set a good example by following traffic laws themselves when driving. They always wear seatbelts, obey speed limits, and never run red lights or stop signs. Sometimes if I catch them doing something wrong, I'll call them out on it! Like if my dad doesn't use his turn signal, I say "Dad, you forgot to signal!" He says it helps keep him accountable.Another big way my parents reinforce traffic safety is by supervising me. I'm still too young to cross big streets alone, so they walk with me while holding my hand or walking behind me. If we're biking somewhere, one of them rides alongside me to make sure I'm following the rules and being safe. Even though part of me wishes they'd just let me do my own thing, I know it's because they care about me and want to keep me safe.My school is also hugely involved in teaching me traffic rules and why they're important. As early as kindergarten, we started learning pedestrian safety through videos, songs, and activities.We practiced things like how to cross the street safely by stopping at the curb, looking left-right-left again, and crossing while continuing to look. We also learned about waiting for crossing guards and obeying their signals.In higher grades, we got more in-depth lessons on traffic signs, road markings, handgestures, and driving laws. We watched lots of videos breaking down different scenarios and had discussions about who was right or wrong and why. I remember one video where a kid chased a ball into the street without looking both ways first and got hit by a car - it really stuck with me how dangerous that can be. We also learned about being safe around school buses, construction zones, and train tracks.My school doesn't just teach this stuff though - they make us practice it too. We have regular "safety town" courses set up in the gym or on the playground. There are little roads painted on the ground with stop signs, crosswalks and traffic signals. We take turns being pedestrians, bike riders and drivers (using kids vehicles like trikes and scooters) to simulate real traffic scenarios. The teacher is like a crossing guard helping us navigate everything properly. It's actually pretty fun despite being educational!We also have uniform rules about how to enter and exit the school building safely, and how to behave on the bus or in parent pickup areas. We line up orderly, stay on the sidewalks, hold railings, and always follow the crossing guard's or teacher's instructions. They take it really seriously to make sure no one gets hurt during these busy times.Another way my school reinforces these lessons is through incentive programs. Teachers give out "safe traveler" tickets or stickers when they catch us following pedestrian laws around school. Kids who get a bunch of these get entered into raffles for prizes like books or toys. We even have Safe Routes to School competitions between classrooms to see who can have the most kids walking, biking or carpooling to school instead of being driven. The winning class gets a pizza party or ice cream at the end of the month. I really want to win that ice cream party for my class this year!On top of what my parents and school do, there are also outside groups that come and present to us sometimes. Police officers will come talk to us about traffic laws and why they exist. They bring picture books, videos and real life examples to make it more interesting. Once, a truck driver even brought his big semi truck to school and showed us how hard it is for them tosee small kids and pedestrians around their vehicle. That really scared me and made me realize I need to stay far away from giant trucks!Firefighters and ambulance drivers have also come to talk about getting an emergency vehicle through traffic. They showed videos of people not pulling over for sirens, or trying to sneak through intersections before the emergency vehicle. It made me see why it's absolutely critical to get out of the way and not block those vehicles that are rushing to save lives. Now every time I hear sirens, I immediately look for where the emergency truck is coming from.So as you can see, my parents, teachers, and community helpers like police/fire go to great lengths to drill traffic safety into my brain. I'll be honest, as a kid, some of those lessons can seem boring or annoying at the time. Like when my mom makes me wait forevvvvver for a gap in cars before crossing the street. Or when I have to spend recess practicing hand signals instead of playing. But looking back, I'm really grateful for all that repetition and training.The sad truth is, every day you hear news stories about kids getting injured or even killed from car accidents or not following basic traffic rules. That's the stuff of parents' nightmares! Sowhile it might seem like overkill, that's why it's so important for grown ups to really drive home those lessons over and over again while we're young. The hardwork is already paying off because I no longer just mindlessly follow traffic rules - I understand WHY they exist and why it's so critical to obey them. Rules like looking both ways, waiting for the crossing guard, and yielding to emergency vehicles aren't just boring rules, they're about keeping me and others safe and alive!My dream is to be a really safe pedestrian, cyclist and eventually driver when I'm older. I never want to get into an accident that could've been prevented just by following simple laws and rules of the road. So thanks Mom, Dad, teachers and all my other instructors for your persistence and creativity in making me a smart traffic safety student! Your efforts aren't going to waste. I may grumble and complain sometimes about having to stop and wait when I'm in a hurry, but I know you're doing it because you care. Thanks for helping me stay safe and develop habits that will last a lifetime. I've got this traffic rule stuff down!篇2How Parents and School Help Us Follow Traffic RulesHello! My name is Emily and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk to you about something very important - following traffic rules. As kids, we may not fully understand why these rules exist, but they are there to keep us safe on the roads. That's why our parents and school play a big role in teaching us the right way to behave when we're pedestrians, cyclists, or even future drivers.Let me start by talking about my parents. From a very young age, they have been showing me how to cross the street properly. We always wait for the walking signal, look both ways, and hold hands while crossing. My dad explains that cars are heavy and can't stop immediately, so we have to be careful and follow the traffic lights. He also reminds me to make eye contact with drivers before stepping into the road.My parents are strict about seatbelts too. Whenever we get into the car, the first thing they say is "Seatbelts on, everyone!" I know seatbelts save lives by preventing injuries if there's a collision. It's such a simple thing to do, yet so important. My little brother had a hard time understanding this at first, but my parents kept persisting until it became a habit.Another big rule my parents enforce is not playing or running near the street. They've told me heartbreaking stories of children who chased balls into the road and got hit by vehicles.So we always play in the backyard or at the park, far away from cars. If a ball or toy does end up on the road, we have to wait for an adult to go get it safely.When I was really little, my parents got me a cute bicycle helmet decorated with cartoon characters. Wearing it made me feel like a cool cyclist ready to hit the road! They explained that helmets can prevent serious head injuries if I were to fall off my bike or get into an accident. Now I wouldn't dream of riding without one.At school, we've also learned a ton about traffic safety. Our teachers have gone over pedestrian signs and signals, like what the different light colors and road markings mean. We've practiced the safe way to cross a street by doing fun exercise routines. Whenever we go on a field trip, the teachers review the importance of staying together, walking on sidewalks or crosswalks, and following the crossing guard's instructions.The school resource officer has come to talk to us about traffic rules too. He told us how jaywalking, which means crossing outside of crosswalks or against traffic signals, is illegal and puts pedestrians at risk of getting hit. He also warned us about the dangers of trying to get an attention-grabbing videoor photo in the road for social media. It's simply not worth risking your life!We've had informative assemblies about bike safety as well. Did you know you're supposed to ride your bike on the road in the same direction as traffic, not on the sidewalk? And using hand signals for turning is important so drivers know what you plan to do. I've also learned that it's safest to avoid listening to music or talking on the phone while biking, as that can distract you from your surroundings.My school has a big focus on not texting or using your phone at all while walking. The teachers try to drive this point home by sharing scary videos of "pedextrians" (pedestrians distracted by phones) getting injured because they weren't paying attention to traffic signals and their environment. I know I need to keep my eyes up and stay alert, not buried in a screen!Overall, between my parents' guidance and what I've learned at school, I feel well-prepared to be a responsible pedestrian, cyclist, and eventual driver. I may be a kid, but I understand how critical it is to follow traffic rules and stay safe around cars and other vehicles. Sometimes the rules might seem boring or too strict, but they exist for excellent reasons.My dream is that one day, self-driving cars and other new technologies will help prevent traffic accidents altogether. But until that futuristic vision becomes a reality, we all need to do our part. Adults should set a good example by obeying laws like speed limits and not driving impaired. Kids like me have to pay close attention, avoid risky behaviors, andfollow the guidance of our parents and teachers.Let's work together to share the roads safely! I may only be 10 years old, but I'm determined to do my part by being a cautious pedestrian, an alert cyclist, and an informed future driver who respects traffic rules. It's up to all of us to prevent injuries and save lives. Stay safe out there, everyone!篇3How Parents and School Help Us Follow Traffic RulesWe all know that traffic rules are very important. They keep us safe when we are walking, riding our bikes, or going anywhere near cars and roads. If nobody followed any rules, there would be crashes everywhere and people would get really hurt. That's why it's so important for kids like me to learn the traffic rules from an early age.My parents and teachers have been helping me learn the rules since I was just a tiny kid. They taught me the basics like looking both ways before crossing the street, holding an adult's hand when near the road, and waiting for the crossing guard. As I got older, they kept teaching me more advanced rules.My Parents Are My First TeachersMy parents have always been my first teachers when it comes to traffic safety. Even before I could walk, they would tell me about how cars and roads can be dangerous. They said I shouldn't go near the street unless I was with a grown-up. As soon as I was old enough to understand, they started drilling the rules into me.One of the most important things they taught me was how to cross the street safely. First, you need to find a crosswalk or intersection if possible. Crosswalks have those white lines so cars know pedestrians might be crossing. If there's a traffic signal, you wait for the walk signal. But even if you get the walking person sign, you still need to look left, right, and left again before stepping into the road. Cars might not see you or might run the red light, so you can never be too careful.If there's no crosswalk or signal, you find a spot where you can see clearly in all directions. Look left, right, left again, andkeep watching as you cross. You have to walk, not run, and get across quickly but don't rush into the path of a car. My parents had me practice the routine hundreds of times before I was even allowed to cross a residential street by myself. Now the routine is second nature.They also drilled me on traffic signs and their meanings. I had to memorize ones like stop signs, yield signs, pedestrian crossing signs, and more. Whenever we went somewhere, my parents would quiz me on any new traffic signs we saw. There are so many, it was hard to learn them all!Another big rule is that you never run out into the street, even to get a toy or ball. My parents said I should always go get an adult, even if it's our neighbors, and they can get the toy safely. And you never take detours through yards or between parked cars, where it's hard for drivers to see you.As I got older, they taught me about bike safety too. You need to ride on the right side of the road, in the same direction as traffic. Use hand signals for stopping and turning. Wear a properly fitted helmet at all times. Obey all traffic signals and signs, just like cars. Don't ride at night if possible, and if you do, make sure you have reflectors and lights.There are so many rules to learn! It probably seems like a lot, but my parents kept reviewing them over and over. They said it was important to build good traffic habits when I was little so they would become automatic skills as I grew up.School Reinforces the Traffic Safety MessageOf course, my teachers have backed up everything my parents taught me about traffic safety. Each year, we've had special lessons and activities about it.In kindergarten, we started with the real basics like holding hands with a partner, stopping at the edges, and looking for cars. We practiced making a traffic signal with our hands - one hand straight up for stop, parallel to the ground for walk. Our teachers had us do fun role-playing activities where we acted out crossing the street, driving in pretend cars, and being crossing guards.In first grade, we dove deeper into traffic signs. We had to memorize stop signs, yield signs, railroad crossing signs, and more. My teacher would hold up pictures of different signs and we had to shout out what they meant. There were Videos showing safe pedestrian behaviors that we watched over and over. By the end of the year, those signs were burned into my brain!Things really stepped up a notch in second grade. That's when we started learning about bicycles. We had a whole bike safety unit that went on for weeks. The gym teacher showed us videos about properly fitting bike helmets, hand signals, and rules of the road for bikes. We brought our bikes to school and practiced riding them in the parking lot while following all the rules. I was so proud to earn my bicycle safety certificate at the end of the unit!Each year after that has had more lessons expanding on what we learned before. We talked about crossing guards and how to properly obey them. We learned about safety around school buses. We watched super scary videos about the tragic things that can happen when people don't follow traffic laws, which really got the message across that this stuff is serious. By upper elementary, we were covering stuff like pedestrian rights, dealing with roads without sidewalks, and a lot more.Not only did we keep building our traffic knowledge year after year, but the school did a great job of constantly reviewing and quizzing us on what we'd learned before so it would stick. Teachers and staff would give us "refreshers" after holidays and summer breaks to get us back in traffic safety mode. Safety tips would be read over the announcements and printed innewsletters to remind our parents too. They definitely wanted to drill it into our heads!The school didn't just teach us the rules, but gave us plenty of opportunities to practice following them. All teachers led by example, modeling perfect pedestrian behavior like walking on the sidewalk, waiting for walk signals, and staying aware near roads when we left the building. We had so many safety practice drills and fire drills that it became second nature to obey the teachers, line up, and walk focused and carefully.On walk-to-school days, teachers and parent volunteers would line the routes near school to make sure we traveled correctly. They'd give reminders to look both ways, walk on sidewalks instead of the road, wait for cars to pass before crossing, and more. We got very used to having adults supervise and reinforce good traffic habits.Putting It All Into PracticeThanks to my parents and school driving home traffic rules day after day, year after year, I've developed really strong safety habits. Following laws like using crosswalks, stopping at lights, yielding for other vehicles, and general road awareness is just automatic for me now. It's so ingrained that I don't even think about it anymore - I just do it.Whenever I go anywhere on foot or bicycle, either with my family or on my own, I am constantly looking out for traffic, watching for signals, and being hyper aware of my surroundings. When I ride in the car, I notice every stop sign, yield sign, and traffic light that my parents follow or don't follow. I've developed a habit of scanning the sides of roads for driveways, intersections, or anywhere a car could come from unexpectedly.That kind of ingrained traffic awareness takes years of repetition to build, but it's so crucial to keeping kids like me safe. We're small, hard for drivers to see, and can be unpredictable, so we have to be ultra-cautious around roads and vehicles. I'm really thankful my parents and teachers were so diligent about making sure I learned the rules inside and out through endless repetition and practice.One time, my friend was helping me look for my basketball that went into the street. I started to run after it without looking, but he grabbed my arm because a car was coming. His parents had obviously taught him that rule too. When we got the ball, we went to an adult neighbor to ask them to retrieve it from the road safely. Little things like that show me how the training worked!I see kids my age all the time who clearly haven't had the same focused traffic instruction. They'll run across the street without looking, play dangerously close to the road's edge, or step off the curb without paying attention. Just last week, I saw a kid riding their bike on the wrong side of the road against traffic! That's an accident waiting to happen if they don't know better. It makes me extra grateful for how much time my parents and teachers spent drilling me on doing things the right way.While the endless rules and drills could feel annoying as a little kid, I recognize now how important that training was to keeping me safe. Kids can be forgetful and have short attention spans, but going over traffic safety constantly really helps make it stick and become habit. The hard work my parents and teachers put into training me on following every rule, no matter how small, has definitely paid off by keeping me out of danger so far. I feel prepared to be a responsible pedestrian, bicyclist, and eventually driver because they gave me such a strong foundation from an early age.。
关于交通规则的英文句子Traffic Rules: The Invisible Guardians of Our JourneysHey there! Let's talk about traffic rules. You know, traffic rules are like the unsung heroes of our daily travels. They're not just some boring regulations written down on paper; they're the very things that keep us alive and kicking on the roads.I remember this one time, I was in the car with my friend, Tom. We were in a bit of a hurry to get to a concert. Tom was driving, and as we approached a stop sign, he was thinking about just rolling through it. "Come on," he said. "There's no one around. It'll be fine." But I quickly stopped him. "Tom," I said, "traffic rules are there for a reason. It's like a game, and if we don't play by the rules, we could end up losing big time."Traffic rules in English are super important, especially in a world that's becoming more and more globalized. You might be driving in an English - speaking country one day, or you might have to communicate with English - speaking traffic police. For example, "Stop at the red light" is a basic one. It's as simple as that. When you see that bright red light shining, it's like the traffic world issaying, "Hey, hold your horses!" If you don't, it's like you're playing Russian roulette with your life and the lives of others.Think about speed limits. They're not just random numbers. They're calculated to keep us safe depending on the type of road. If you're on a residential street, it might say "25 mph." That's like the road's way of whispering, "Slow down, there are families and kids around here." But some people, oh boy, they just ignore it. They speed through like they're in a race. It's so wrong! I mean, what if there was a little kid chasing a ball and suddenly ran into the street? It would be a disaster.Then there are the rules about turning. You have to use your turn signals. It's like giving a little heads - up to the other drivers. You can't just suddenly swerve to the left or right without warning. It's like you're at a party and you want to move from one group to another. You don't just barge in; you give a little signal that you're about to make a move. "I'm turning left here, guys!" your turn signal says to the other cars.Another important rule is about yielding. You know, whenyou're at a yield sign, you're supposed to let the other traffic gofirst. It's a sign of respect on the road. It's like when you're in a line at a coffee shop, and someone was there before you. You let them go first. It's just common courtesy. But some drivers act like they own the road and don't yield at all. That's just plain rude and dangerous.Pedestrian crossings are also a big part of traffic rules. "Wait for the walk signal" is what pedestrians are supposed to do. It's for their own safety. Drivers, on the other hand, need to stop when they see someone waiting to cross. It's like a dance. The pedestrians and the drivers have to move in harmony. If the pedestrians just cross whenever they feel like it, or if the drivers don't stop for them, it's like two dancers crashing into each other on the dance floor.I've also seen situations where people double - park. Oh my goodness, it's so annoying! It's like they think their car is more important than everyone else's need to get through. Traffic rules are there to make sure the flow of traffic is smooth, like a river flowing without any blockages. Double - parking is like throwing a big boulder in the middle of that river.In school zones, the speed limits are even lower. This is because there are children present. It's like a special zone of protection. The traffic rules here are like a shield around the kids. If drivers don't follow these rules, they're not just breaking the law; they're putting the lives of innocent children at risk. It's just unacceptable.Now, you might think that traffic rules are a pain sometimes. You might be in a rush and think, "Why do I have to stop at this stupid stop sign?" But think about it this way. If everyone thought like that, the roads would be chaos. It would be like a wild jungle where the strongest survive, and that's not the kind of world we want to live in.Traffic rules in English are not just about knowing the words.It's about understanding the spirit behind them. It's about being a responsible member of the community of drivers and pedestrians. Whether you're driving a big truck, a small car, or just walking across the street, these rules apply to you.So, in conclusion, traffic rules are essential. They're like the glue that holds our transportation system together. We should all follow them, not because we're forced to, but because we careabout our own safety and the safety of others. It's that simple.。
from Solving Pedestrian Detection?Mohamed Omran,Jan Hosang,and Bernt SchielePlanck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken,Germanystname@mpi-inf.mpg.deAbstractEncouraged by the recent progress in pedestrian detec-tion,we investigate the gap between current state-of-the-art methods and the “perfect single frame detector”.We en-able our analysis by creating a human baseline for pedes-trian detection (over the Caltech dataset),and by manually clustering the recurrent errors of a top detector.Our res-ults characterize both localization and background-versus-foreground errors.To address localization errors we study the impact of training annotation noise on the detector performance,and show that we can improve even with a small portion of sanitized training data.To address background/foreground discrimination,we study convnets for pedestrian detection,and discuss which factors affect their performance.Other than our in-depth analysis,we report top perform-ance on the Caltech dataset,and provide a new sanitized set of training and test annotations 1.1.IntroductionObject detection has received great attention during re-cent years.Pedestrian detection is a canonical sub-problem that remains a popular topic of research due to its diverse applications.Despite the extensive research on pedestrian detection,recent papers still show significant improvements,suggest-ing that a saturation point has not yet been reached.In this paper we analyse the gap between the state of the art and a newly created human baseline (section 3.1).The results indicate that there is still a ten fold improvement to be made before reaching human performance.We aim to investigate which factors will help close this gap.We analyse failure cases of top performing pedestrian detectors and diagnose what should be changed to further push performance.We show several different analysis,in-cluding human inspection,automated analysis of problem1Ifyou are interested in our new annotations,please contact Shanshan Zhang.1010101010Figure 1:Overview of the top results on the Caltech-USA pedestrian benchmark (CVPR2015snapshot).At ∼95%recall,state-of-the-art detectors make ten times more errors than the human baseline.cases (e.g.blur,contrast),and oracle experiments (section 3.2).Our results indicate that localization is an important source of high confidence false positives.We address this aspect by improving the training set alignment quality,both by manually sanitising the Caltech training annotations and via algorithmic means for the remaining training samples (sections 3.3and 4.1).To address background versus foreground discrimina-tion,we study convnets for pedestrian detection,and dis-cuss which factors affect their performance (section 4.2).1.1.Related workIn the last years,diverse efforts have been made to im-prove the performance of pedestrian detection.Following the success of integral channel feature detector (ICF)[6,5],many variants [22,23,16,18]were proposed and showed significant improvement.A recent review of pedestrian de-tection [3]concludes that improved features have been driv-ing performance and are likely to continue doing so.It also shows that optical flow [19]and context information [17]are complementary to image features and can further boost 1a r X i v :1602.01237v 1 [c s .C V ] 3 F eb 2016detection accuracy.Byfine-tuning a model pre-trained on external data convolution neural networks(convnets)have also reached state-of-the-art performance[15,20].Most of the recent papers focus on introducing novelty and better results,but neglect the analysis of the resulting system.Some analysis work can be found for general ob-ject detection[1,14];in contrast,in thefield of pedestrian detection,this kind of analysis is rarely done.In2008,[21] provided a failure analysis on the INRIA dataset,which is relatively small.The best method considered in the2012 Caltech dataset survey[7]had10×more false positives at20%recall than the methods considered here,and no method had reached the95%mark.Since pedestrian detection has improved significantly in recent years,a deeper and more comprehensive analysis based on state-of-the-art detectors is valuable to provide better understanding as to where future efforts would best be invested.1.2.ContributionsOur key contributions are as follows:(a)We provide a detailed analysis of a state-of-the-art ped-estrian detection system,providing insights into failure cases.(b)We provide a human baseline for the Caltech Pedestrian Benchmark;as well as a sanitised version of the annotations to serve as new,high quality ground truth for the training and test sets of the benchmark.The data will be public. (c)We analyse how much the quality of training data affects the detector.More specifically we quantify how much bet-ter alignment and fewer annotation mistakes can improve performance.(d)Using the insights of the analysis,we explore variants of top performing methods:filtered channel feature detector [23]and R-CNN detector[13,15],and show improvements over the baselines.2.PreliminariesBefore delving into our analysis,let us describe the data-sets in use,their metrics,and our baseline detector.2.1.Caltech-USA pedestrian detection benchmarkAmongst existing pedestrian datasets[4,9,8],KITTI [11]and Caltech-USA are currently the most popular ones. In this work we focus on the Caltech-USA benchmark[7] which consists of2.5hours of30Hz video recorded from a vehicle traversing the streets of Los Angeles,USA.The video annotations amount to a total of350000bound-ing boxes covering∼2300unique pedestrians.Detec-tion methods are evaluated on a test set consisting of4024 frames.The provided evaluation toolbox generates plotsFilter type MR O−2ACF[5]44.2SCF[3]34.8LDCF[16]24.8RotatedFilters19.2Checkerboards18.5Table1:Thefiltertype determines theICF methods quality.Base detector MR O−2+Context+FlowOrig.2Ped[17]48~5pp/Orig.SDt[19]45/8ppSCF[3]355pp4ppCheckerboards19~01ppTable2:Detection quality gain ofadding context[17]and opticalflow[19],as function of the base detector.for different subsets of the test set based on annotation size, occlusion level and aspect ratio.The established proced-ure for training is to use every30th video frame which res-ults in a total of4250frames with∼1600pedestrian cut-outs.More recently,methods which can leverage more data for training have resorted to afiner sampling of the videos [16,23],yielding up to10×as much data for training than the standard“1×”setting.MR O,MR N In the standard Caltech evaluation[7]the miss rate(MR)is averaged over the low precision range of [10−2,100]FPPI.This metric does not reflect well improve-ments in localization errors(lowest FPPI range).Aiming for a more complete evaluation,we extend the evaluation FPPI range from traditional[10−2,100]to[10−4,100],we denote these MR O−2and MR O−4.O stands for“original an-notations”.In section3.3we introduce new annotations, and mark evaluations done there as MR N−2and MR N−4.We expect the MR−4metric to become more important as de-tectors get stronger.2.2.Filtered channel features detectorFor the analysis in this paper we consider all methods published on the Caltech Pedestrian benchmark,up to the last major conference(CVPR2015).As shown infigure1, the best method at the time is Checkerboards,and most of the top performing methods are of its same family.The Checkerboards detector[23]is a generalization of the Integral Channels Feature detector(ICF)[6],which filters the HOG+LUV feature channels before feeding them into a boosted decision forest.We compare the performance of several detectors from the ICF family in table1,where we can see a big improve-ment from44.2%to18.5%MR O−2by introducingfilters over the feature channels and optimizing thefilter bank.Current top performing convnets methods[15,20]are sensitive to the underlying detection proposals,thus wefirst focus on the proposals by optimizing thefiltered channel feature detectors(more on convnets in section4.2). Rotatedfilters For the experiments involving train-ing new models(in section 4.1)we use our own re-implementation of Checkerboards[23],based on the LDCF[16]codebase.To improve the training time we decrease the number offilters from61in the originalCheckerboards down to9filters.Our so-called Rota-tedFilters are a simplified version of LDCF,applied at three different scales(in the same spirit as Squares-ChnFtrs(SCF)[3]).More details on thefilters are given in the supplementary material.As shown in table1,Ro-tatedFilters are significantly better than the original LDCF,and only1pp(percent point)worse than Checker-boards,yet run6×faster at train and test time. Additional cues The review[3]showed that context and opticalflow information can help improve detections. However,as the detector quality improves(table1)the re-turns obtained from these additional cues erodes(table2). Without re-engineering such cues,gains in detection must come from the core detector.3.Analysing the state of the artIn this section we estimate a lower bound on the re-maining progress available,analyse the mistakes of current pedestrian detectors,and propose new annotations to better measure future progress.3.1.Are we reaching saturation?Progress on pedestrian detection has been showing no sign of slowing in recent years[23,20,3],despite recent im-pressive gains in performance.How much progress can still be expected on current benchmarks?To answer this ques-tion,we propose to use a human baseline as lower bound. We asked domain experts to manually“detect”pedestrians in the Caltech-USA test set;machine detection algorithms should be able to at least reach human performance and, eventually,superhuman performance.Human baseline protocol To ensure a fair comparison with existing detectors,we focus on the single frame mon-ocular detection setting.Frames are presented to annotators in random order,and without access to surrounding frames from the source videos.Annotators have to rely on pedes-trian appearance and single-frame context rather than(long-term)motion cues.The Caltech benchmark normalizes the aspect ratio of all detection boxes[7].Thus our human annotations are done by drawing a line from the top of the head to the point between both feet.A bounding box is then automatically generated such that its centre coincides with the centre point of the manually-drawn axis,see illustration infigure2.This procedure ensures the box is well centred on the subject (which is hard to achieve when marking a bounding box).To check for consistency among the two annotators,we produced duplicate annotations for a subset of the test im-ages(∼10%),and evaluated these separately.With a Intersection over Union(IoU)≥0.5matching criterion, the results were identical up to a single boundingbox.Figure2:Illustration of bounding box generation for human baseline.The annotator only needs to draw a line from the top of the head to the central point between both feet,a tight bounding box is then automatically generated. Conclusion Infigure3,we compare our human baseline with other top performing methods on different subsets of the test data(varying height ranges and occlu-sion levels).Wefind that the human baseline widely out-performs state-of-the-art detectors in all settings2,indicat-ing that there is still room for improvement for automatic methods.3.2.Failure analysisSince there is room to grow for existing detectors,one might want to know:when do they fail?In this section we analyse detection mistakes of Checkerboards,which obtains top performance on most subsets of the test set(see figure3).Since most top methods offigure1are of the ICF family,we expect a similar behaviour for them too.Meth-ods using convnets with proposals based on ICF detectors will also be affected.3.2.1Error sourcesThere are two types of errors a detector can do:false pos-itives(detections on background or poorly localized detec-tions)and false negatives(low-scoring or missing pedes-trian detections).In this analysis,we look into false positive and false negative detections at0.1false positives per im-age(FPPI,1false positive every10images),and manually cluster them(one to one mapping)into visually distinctive groups.A total of402false positive and148false negative detections(missing recall)are categorized by error type. False positives After inspection,we end up having all false positives clustered in eleven categories,shown infig-ure4a.These categories fall into three groups:localization, background,and annotation errors.Background errors are the most common ones,mainly ver-tical structures(e.g.figure5b),tree leaves,and traffic lights. This indicates that the detectors need to be extended with a better vertical context,providing visibility over larger struc-tures and a rough height estimate.Localization errors are dominated by double detections2Except for IoU≥0.8.This is due to issues with the ground truth, discussed in section3.3.Reasonable (IoU >= 0.5)Height > 80Height in [50,80]Height in [30,50]020406080100HumanBaselineCheckerboards RotatedFiltersm i s s r a t eFigure 3:Detection quality (log-average miss rate)for different test set subsets.Each group shows the human baseline,the Checkerboards [23]and RotatedFilters detectors,as well as the next top three (unspecified)methods (different for each setting).The corresponding curves are provided in the supplementary material.(high scoring detections covering the same pedestrian,e.g.figure 5a ).This indicates that improved detectors need to have more localized responses (peakier score maps)and/or a different non-maxima suppression strategy.In sections 3.3and 4.1we explore how to improve the detector localiz-ation.The annotation errors are mainly missing ignore regions,and a few missing person annotations.In section 3.3we revisit the Caltech annotations.False negatives Our clustering results in figure 4b show the well known difficulty of detecting small and oc-cluded objects.We hypothesise that low scoring side-view persons and cyclists may be due to a dataset bias,i.e.these cases are under-represented in the training set (most per-sons are non-cyclist walking on the side-walk,parallel to the car).Augmenting the training set with external images for these cases might be an effective strategy.To understand better the issue with small pedestrians,we measure size,blur,and contrast for each (true or false)de-tection.We observed that small persons are commonly sat-urated (over or under exposed)and blurry,and thus hypo-thesised that this might be an underlying factor for weak detection (other than simply having fewer pixels to make the decision).Our results indicate however that this is not the case.As figure 4c illustrates,there seems to be no cor-relation between low detection score and low contrast.This also holds for the blur case,detailed plots are in the sup-plementary material.We conclude that the small number of pixels is the true source of difficulty.Improving small objects detection thus need to rely on making proper use of all pixels available,both inside the window and in the surrounding context,as well as across time.Conclusion Our analysis shows that false positive er-rors have well defined sources that can be specifically tar-geted with the strategies suggested above.A fraction of the false negatives are also addressable,albeit the small and oc-cluded pedestrians remain a (hard and)significant problem.20406080100120# e r r o r s 0100200300loc a liz a tion ba c k g round a nnota e rrors#e r r o r s (a)False positive sources15304560# e r r o r s (b)False negative sources(c)Contrast versus detection scoreFigure 4:Errors analysis of Checkerboards [23]on the test set.(a)double detectionFigure 5:Example of analysed false positive cases (red box).Additional ones in supplementary material.3.2.2Oracle test casesThe analysis of section 3.2.1focused on errors counts.For area-under-the-curve metrics,such astheones used in Caltech,high-scoring errors matter more than low-scoring ones.In this section we directly measure the impact of loc-alization and background-vs-foreground errors on the de-tection quality metric (log-average miss-rate)by using or-acle test cases.In the oracle case for localization,all false positives that overlap with ground truth are ignored for evaluation.In the oracle tests for background-vs-foreground,all false posit-ives that do not overlap with ground truth are ignored.Figure 6a shows that fixing localization mistakes im-proves performance in the low FPPI region;while fixing background mistakes improves results in the high FPPI re-gion.Fixing both types of mistakes results zero errors,even though this is not immediately visible due to the double log plot.In figure 6b we show the gains to be obtained in MR O −4terms by fixing localization or background issues.When comparing the eight top performing methods we find that most methods would boost performance significantly by fix-ing either problem.Note that due to the log-log nature of the numbers,the sum of localization and background deltas do not add up to the total miss-rate.Conclusion For most top performing methods localiz-ation and background-vs-foreground errors have equal im-pact on the detection quality.They are equally important.3.3.Improved Caltech-USA annotationsWhen evaluating our human baseline (and other meth-ods)with a strict IoU ≥0.8we notice in figure 3that the performance drops.The original annotation protocol is based on interpolating sparse annotations across multiple frames [7],and these sparse annotations are not necessar-ily located on the evaluated frames.After close inspection we notice that this interpolation generates a systematic off-set in the annotations.Humans walk with a natural up and down oscillation that is not modelled by the linear interpol-ation used,thus in most frames have shifted bounding box annotations.This effect is not noticeable when using the forgiving IoU ≥0.5,however such noise in the annotations is a hurdle when aiming to improve object localization.1010−210−110010false positives per image18.47(33.20)% Checkerboards15.94(25.49)% Checkerboards (localization oracle)11.92(26.17)% Checkerboards (background oracle)(a)Original and two oracle curves for Checkerboards de-tector.Legend indicates MR O −2 MR O −4 .(b)Comparison of miss-rate gain (∆MR O −4)for top performing methods.Figure 6:Oracle cases evaluation over Caltech test set.Both localization and background-versus-foreground show important room for improvement.(a)False annotations (b)Poor alignmentFigure 7:Examples of errors in original annotations.New annotations in green,original ones in red.This localization issues together with the annotation er-rors detected in section 3.2.1motivated us to create a new set of improved annotations for the Caltech pedestrians dataset.Our aim is two fold;on one side we want to provide a more accurate evaluation of the state of the art,in particu-lar an evaluation suitable to close the “last 20%”of the prob-lem.On the other side,we want to have training annotations and evaluate how much improved annotations lead to better detections.We evaluate this second aspect in section 4.1.New annotation protocol Our human baseline focused on a fair comparison with single frame methods.Our new annotations are done both on the test and training 1×set,and focus on high quality.The annotators are allowed to look at the full video to decide if a person is present or not,they are request to mark ignore regions in areas cov-ering crowds,human shapes that are not persons (posters,statues,etc.),and in areas that could not be decided as cer-tainly not containing a person.Each person annotation is done by drawing a line from the top of the head to the point between both feet,the same as human baseline.The annot-ators must hallucinate head and feet if these are not visible. When the person is not fully visible,they must also annotate a rectangle around the largest visible region.This allows to estimate the occlusion level in a similar fashion as the ori-ginal Caltech annotations.The new annotations do share some bounding boxes with the human baseline(when no correction was needed),thus the human baseline cannot be used to do analysis across different IoU thresholds over the new test set.In summary,our new annotations differ from the human baseline in the following aspects:both training and test sets are annotated,ignore regions and occlusions are also an-notated,full video data is used for decision,and multiple revisions of the same image are allowed.After creating a full independent set of annotations,we con-solidated the new annotations by cross-validating with the old annotations.Any correct old annotation not accounted for in the new set,was added too.Our new annotations correct several types of errors in the existing annotations,such as misalignments(figure 7b),missing annotations(false negatives),false annotations (false positives,figure7a),and the inconsistent use of“ig-nore”regions.Our new annotations will be publicly avail-able.Additional examples of“original versus new annota-tions”provided in the supplementary material,as well as visualization software to inspect them frame by frame. Better alignment In table3we show quantitative evid-ence that our new annotations are at least more precisely localized than the original ones.We summarize the align-ment quality of a detector via the median IoU between true positive detections and a give set of annotations.When evaluating with the original annotations(“median IoU O”column in table3),only the model trained with original annotations has good localization.However,when evalu-ating with the new annotations(“median IoU N”column) both the model trained on INRIA data,and on the new an-notations reach high localization accuracy.This indicates that our new annotations are indeed better aligned,just as INRIA annotations are better aligned than Caltech.Detailed IoU curves for multiple detectors are provided in the supplementary material.Section4.1describes the RotatedFilters-New10×entry.4.Improving the state of the artIn this section we leverage the insights of the analysis, to improve localization and background-versus-foreground discrimination of our baseline detector.DetectorTrainingdataMedianIoU OMedianIoU N Roerei[2]INRIA0.760.84RotatedFilters Orig.10×0.800.77RotatedFilters New10×0.760.85 Table3:Median IoU of true positives for detectors trained on different data,evaluated on original and new Caltech test.Models trained on INRIA align well with our new an-notations,confirming that they are more precise than previ-ous ones.Curves for other detectors in the supplement.Detector Anno.variant MR O−2MR N−2ACFOriginal36.9040.97Pruned36.4135.62New41.2934.33 RotatedFiltersOriginal28.6333.03Pruned23.8725.91New31.6525.74 Table4:Effects of different training annotations on detec-tion quality on validation set(1×training set).Italic num-bers have matching training and test sets.Both detectors im-prove on the original annotations,when using the“pruned”variant(see§4.1).4.1.Impact of training annotationsWith new annotations at hand we want to understand what is the impact of annotation quality on detection qual-ity.We will train ACF[5]and RotatedFilters mod-els(introduced in section2.2)using different training sets and evaluate on both original and new annotations(i.e. MR O−2,MR O−4and MR N−2,MR N−4).Note that both detect-ors are trained via boosting and thus inherently sensitive to annotation noise.Pruning benefits Table4shows results when training with original,new and pruned annotations(using a5/6+1/6 training and validation split of the full training set).As ex-pected,models trained on original/new and tested on ori-ginal/new perform better than training and testing on differ-ent annotations.To understand better what the new annota-tions bring to the table,we build a hybrid set of annotations. Pruned annotations is a mid-point that allows to decouple the effects of removing errors and improving alignment. Pruned annotations are generated by matching new and ori-ginal annotations(IoU≥0.5),marking as ignore region any original annotation absent in the new ones,and adding any new annotation absent in the original ones.From original to pruned annotations the main change is re-moving annotation errors,from pruned to new,the main change is better alignment.From table4both ACF and RotatedFilters benefit from removing annotation er-rors,even in MR O−2.This indicates that our new training setFigure 8:Examples of automatically aligned ground truth annotations.Left/right →before/after alignment.1×data 10×data aligned withMR O −2(MR O −4)MR N −2(MR N−4)Orig.Ø19.20(34.28)17.22(31.65)Orig.Orig.10×19.16(32.28)15.94(29.33)Orig.New 1/2×16.97(28.01)14.54(25.06)NewNew 1×16.77(29.76)12.96(22.20)Table 5:Detection quality of RotatedFilters on test set when using different aligned training sets.All mod-els trained with Caltech 10×,composed with different 1×+9×combinations.is better sanitized than the original one.We see in MR N −2that the stronger detector benefits more from better data,and that the largest gain in detection qual-ity comes from removing annotation errors.Alignment benefits The detectors from the ICF family benefit from training with increased training data [16,23],using 10×data is better than 1×(see section 2.1).To lever-age the 9×remaining data using the new 1×annotations we train a model over the new annotations and use this model to re-align the original annotations over the 9×portion.Be-cause the new annotations are better aligned,we expect this model to be able to recover slight position and scale errors in the original annotations.Figure 8shows example results of this process.See supplementary material for details.Table 5reports results using the automatic alignment pro-cess,and a few degraded cases:using the original 10×,self-aligning the original 10×using a model trained over original 10×,and aligning the original 10×using only a fraction of the new annotations (without replacing the 1×portion).The results indicate that using a detector model to improve overall data alignment is indeed effective,and that better aligned training data leads to better detection quality (both in MR O and MR N ).This is in line with the analysis of section 3.2.Already using a model trained on 1/2of the new annotations for alignment,leads to a stronger model than obtained when using original annotations.We name the RotatedFilters model trained using the new annotations and the aligned 9×data,Rotated-Filters-New10×.This model also reaches high me-dian true positives IoU in table 3,indicating that indeed it obtains more precise detections at test time.Conclusion Using high quality annotations for training improves the overall detection quality,thanks both to im-proved alignment and to reduced annotation errors.4.2.Convnets for pedestrian detectionThe results of section 3.2indicate that there is room for improvement by focusing on the core background versus foreground discrimination task (the “classification part of object detection”).Recent work [15,20]showed compet-itive performance with convolutional neural networks (con-vnets)for pedestrian detection.We include convnets into our analysis,and explore to what extent performance is driven by the quality of the detection proposals.AlexNet and VGG We consider two convnets.1)The AlexNet from [15],and 2)The VGG16model from [12].Both are pre-trained on ImageNet and fine-tuned over Cal-tech 10×(original annotations)using SquaresChnFtrs proposals.Both networks are based on open source,and both are instances of the R-CNN framework [13].Albeit their training/test time architectures are slightly different (R-CNN versus Fast R-CNN),we expect the result differ-ences to be dominated by their respective discriminative power (VGG16improves 8pp in mAP over AlexNet in the Pascal detection task [13]).Table 6shows that as we improve the quality of the detection proposals,AlexNet fails to provide a consistent gain,eventually worsening the results of our ICF detect-ors (similar observation done in [15]).Similarly VGG provides large gains for weaker proposals,but as the pro-posals improve,the gain from the convnet re-scoring even-tually stalls.After closer inspection of the resulting curves (see sup-plementary material),we notice that both AlexNet and VGG push background instances to lower scores,and at the same time generate a large number of high scoring false positives.The ICF detectors are able to provide high recall proposals,where false positives around the objects have low scores (see [15,supp.material,fig.9]),however convnets have difficulties giving low scores to these windows sur-rounding the true positives.In other words,despite their fine-tuning,the convnet score maps are “blurrier”than the proposal ones.We hypothesise this is an intrinsic limita-tion of the AlexNet and VGG architectures,due to their in-ternal feature pooling.Obtaining “peakier”responses from a convnet most likely will require using rather different ar-chitectures,possibly more similar to the ones used for se-mantic labelling or boundaries estimation tasks,which re-quire pixel-accurate output.Fortunately,we can compensate for the lack of spatial resolution in the convnet scoring by using bounding box regression.Adding bounding regression over VGG,and ap-plying a second round of non-maximum suppression (first NMS on the proposals,second on the regressed boxes),has。
