FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is t he largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Mi ng Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhu di. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successiv e emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the thr one. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizat ion recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided t he constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellatio n of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the e mperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ be came a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting e astward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The w ord jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guard ed and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limit s to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow b ecame an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from nort h to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a to tal roof area 150,000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9. 9-me ter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on t he four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridia n Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua G ate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forb idden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employe d. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. P aving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarl et pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Pro vince. Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southe rn regions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to t he forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou (Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in honor of their counties. They also used this place for p unishing officials by flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new yea r. Qing Emperor Qianlong changed the original name of this announcement cer emony from ban li (announcement of calendar) to ban shou (announcement of new moon) to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor's name, Hon gli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also us ed this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For exampl e, when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield, it was her e that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
Now we are inside the Forbidden City. Before we start our tour, I would li ke to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns before us. To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arr anged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has becom e an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughl y one –third of this central axis. Most of the important buildings in the Forbid den City were arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the pal aces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count. We are no w standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony. The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions, sy mbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and b iggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperia l succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functi ons both as decoration and fire control. The five bridges spanning the river re
present the five virtues preached by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-so uth axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the cou ntry on behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer courtyard and an inner enclosure. T he out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and th e Gate of Heavenly Purity. The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Compl ete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building gro up. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (P rominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors). The three great halls are bui lt on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble b alustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved ston e staircases linking the three architectures. The hall of supreme Harmony is als o the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of C hina. From the palace of Heavenly Purity northward is what is known as the i nner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace o f Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in whi ch concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing gard en. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbid den City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with win ding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.
Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural metho ds were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing p atterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room -units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son o f Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that thi s half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial librar y) . As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 roo m-units, this half-room is nonexistent. The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library wh ere ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖- China's first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Sup reme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves. The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits o n a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace is 8 meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper st airways each have 9.
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existi ng architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eave s a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are alt ogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only t he emperors were entitled.
There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dyn asties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Ye ar, the Emperor's birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war. On such occasion s, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tri butes.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a t otal of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sid es of the road the ground bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengt hwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole co mplex there are altogether 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing. Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall's grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimme red as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. W hen the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared. He was s
o scared that he kept crying and shouting, ―I don't want to stay here. I want t o go home.‖ His father tried to soothe him, saying, ―It'll all soon be finished. It'll all soon be finished‖ The ministers present at the event considered this i ncident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years late r and there with concluded China’s feudal system that had lasted for more tha n 2,000 years.
(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)
This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would b e burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, repres enting all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either sid e of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to t he terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of long evity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ―jialiang.‖ It served as the n atio nal standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone su ndial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant t o show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who shoul d possess the standards of both measure and time.
In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are 12 scarlet, round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west an d 37 meters from north to south. It is 35 meters in height. In front of this ar chitecture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the m ain entrance. It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored dra wings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throne carved wit h 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a gold en screen and in front of it, there is an imperial desk. The flanks are decorate d with elephants, Luduan (a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals (i. e. rice, two kinds
of millet, wheat and beans), which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers ) in o ne day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (go ld bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that t urn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it. The so -called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and compl ex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter) of ricThe hall is suppor ted by a total of 72 thick pillars. Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns an d painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this ha ll there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of Ch ina's ancient architecture. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and cove red with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be mad e Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China's succes sive emperors are Zuanyuan's descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor move d the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him. In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original thro ne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture wareho use. It repaired and returned to the hall.
(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called ―menhai,‖ or s e a before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by th e door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.
During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclo sure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of course, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Ru ssia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the im perial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japa nese to be made into bullets.
(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)
The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countie rs and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestr al Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were als o examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for tr aveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.
(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)
This is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year's eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China's xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial lev el and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. T
he civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It serv ed the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high offici als. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to B eijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.
(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace. It is 16. 73 meters long, 3.
07 meters wide and 1. 7 meters thick. It weighs about 200 tons. The block w as quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport suc h a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilome ter apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolli ng blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.
Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a w estern route (Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) . The commentary for each follows.
Route A
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I 'd like t o show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden. The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost e nclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in th e east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structur
e consisting o
f an antechamber and a main building. The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.
Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of H eavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzhen g chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here. For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public. Y ou can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audi ence chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Budd ha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two em perors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scr olls, hence the name of the room ―Sanxitang‖ (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interest because it was here th at Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor. A bamboo curtain was used to separate them.
Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu'an Prefecture of shanxi provi nce. She's of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old, she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the follo wing year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son as cended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning ―Holy Mother‖ was conferred upo n her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dow ager Cixi carried out a count coup d'etat and ruled behind the scenes with ano ther empress dowager, Ci'an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the ag e of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term ―attending to state
affairs behind a bamboo curtain‖ developed. In 1912, Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years. The royal family was forc ed to move out permanently in 1924.
Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing e mperors. Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking th e hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let's continue with ou r tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity, the hall of union and pe ace, the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
Route B
(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity no rthward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived. The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court, and was comple ted during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 p illars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height. In the center of the hall there is a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscripti on that reads ―Be open and above-board,‖ written by Shenzhi, the first empero r of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong's reign, the name of the succ essor to the throne was not publicly announced. Instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor's person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there wh ere 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xian feng.
The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition, extravagant annual banquets were h eld here on New Year's Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign amb assadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two i mportant ―one t housand old men's feasts‖ of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the in vitees had to be at least 65 years of age. This hall was also used for mournin g services.
(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)
this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth, as well as national pe ace. It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape, and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony. You will see a pla que here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritt en by Emperor Qianlong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a scree n behind it. Above the throne there hangs a caisson, or covered ceiling. The e mperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong's reign, 25 jade seals representing imperia l authority were kept in this hall. No seals were allowed out of the room with out the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock an d a chiming clock.
(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. Du ring the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wed ding ceremonies were held. The room on the western side was used for sacrifi ces and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
Route C
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I'd like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the T reasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasu res are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the m ost famous. This tower is 1. 53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference. It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used t o collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a ―Day ha rnessing Water Jade Hill‖ on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of th e remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with pe eled ivory. These artifacts are among China's rarest treasures.
(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)
This is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen. Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in h eight and 29. 4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble. The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in t he design of 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was me ant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rock y mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits. The an cient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast. The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of g lazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished, a p iece of glazed tile was damaged. Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect t he work the following day. Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molde d the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later,
he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of cla y.
(Approaching the Imperial Garden)
Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formati on in this garden. It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1. 7 p ercent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetr ically arranged. However, each is different in terms of pattern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and s erene atmosphere.
There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin'an Hall. Positioned in t he central-northern part of the garden, this hall is flanked by other halls and p avilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a qua rterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old. In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cy presses or pines. To the northwest of the hall, there is the Yanhui (Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Ref inement) Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the Guanhua (Admiri ng Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in Jiangsu province. At its base stand two stone li ons, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing) Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month), the empe ror, his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjo y the scenery. At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue (Crimson
Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature). The yangxing study was used as a royal library during t he reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Veran dah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms from crimson to snowy white. In front of the V erandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province unde r the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northeast is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stor ed.
There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons. The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu, representing spring and autumn respectively, are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi, de dicated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases. Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 di fferent designs.
The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden ) West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen (Obedien ce and Fidelity) Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.
As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have hel ped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cult ural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese govern ment. Since 1949 when the people's Republic of China was founded, nearly on e trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government ear marks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now co
ntains a total of 930,000 cultural relics. Well, so much for today. Let's go to board the coach. Thank you!
北京故宫英语导游词 Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng , got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan. The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metap hor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people. The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from
北京故宫导游词怎么写 亲，你知道导游词怎么写吗?下面是我为大家整理的“北京故宫导游词怎么写”，欢迎参阅。内容仅供参考，了解更多关于导游词内容，导游词栏目。 北京故宫导游词怎么写【一】 亲爱的游客们： 大家好! 这次由我带领你们去北京故宫，我叫xxx，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。不过现在我要提几点要求： 1、要保管好自己的贵重物品; 2、如果迷路，请马上给我打电话不要离开; 3、一定要保护环境。好了，我的要求提完了，请您自觉遵守，谢谢合作! 首先我给大家做一简要介绍，故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界现存规模最大、最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿。至少已有近580年历史了。故宫规模宏大，东西宽为753米，南北长达961米，总占地面积达72万平方米，大约一共有一万间宫室。 各位游客，现在展现在我们眼前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿故宫。大家看着四面就是宫墙，四周都是高大的城门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。 现在请大家跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看吧!这里是皇帝上朝的地方，再看那边，中间的是汉白玉雕刻的“双龙戏珠”，两边是汉白玉台阶;台阶的左边是一只乌龟，右边是一只仙鹤，这象征着延年益寿。 我再给大家介绍介绍其他殿吧!现在我们来到了中和殿，中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中学礼仪之地，保和殿呢?它是由多根红色巨柱支撑着，
每根柱上都刻着一条栩栩如生的巨龙，十分壮观，我们再来看看文华殿吧!他是明代皇太子的读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内延的分界处，由此向北就是延。 好了，这次游览结束，希望你们再次观赏我国的其它景物并且祝你们玩的愉快! 北京故宫导游词怎么写【二】 亲爱的游客们： 大家好! 故宫是北京十大旅游景点之一。据说天上有紫薇星垣，是天帝的居所，皇帝以天帝之子自居，因此称自己的宫殿为紫薇宫。皇宫又是百姓的禁地称禁城，故名紫禁城。今天我们称紫禁城为故宫意为过去的皇宫。 故宫是我国文物收藏最多的博物馆。来故宫游览当然要欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术和陈列于室内的珍贵文物了。接下来就让我们欣赏一下它的建筑艺术。 重重的殿宇，层层的阁楼，千门万户的宅院，扑朔迷离的小巷……仿佛永远也转不完的故宫，最初建有9999.5间房屋。古人认为天帝居住的天宫为一万间，皇帝身为天子需自我克制不能超越天帝，于是少建半间。 故宫布局左右对称，城墙四面各设城门一座，南面的午门，北面是神武门。外朝以太和殿，中和殿，保和殿三大殿为中心，可谓是天白灿烂，暗夜肃穆。而文华，武英两殿为侧翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，称为前朝。北半部以乾清，交泰，坤宁三宫为中心，东西又有妃嫔居住的六宫，再向外东侧是奉先殿和皇极殿，西侧是养心殿，雨花阁，慈宁宫等，最后一部分是御花园，这部分整体被称为是“后寝”或“内廷”是皇帝处理日常政务，祭祀和居住的地方。 细心的您在参观这些宏伟的建筑会发现宫殿的垂脊上有一列小兽，其用途首先是为了固定脊瓦，使脊瓦不至脱落，另外还有装饰的作用，同时也是地位的象征。
( 英文导游词) 姓名：____________________ 单位：____________________ 日期：____________________ 编号：YB-BH-028131 最新故宫英文导游词The latest English tour guide to the Forbidden City
最新故宫英文导游词 最新故宫英文导游词1 Lying at the center of Beijing，the Forbidden City，called Gu Gong，in Chinese，was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum，it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape，it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate，to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)，which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters，while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section，or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section，or the Inner Court was where he lived with his
( 北京导游词) 姓名：____________________ 单位：____________________ 日期：____________________ 编号：YB-BH-039851 故宫导游词英文版The Palace Museum Tour Guide
故宫导游词英文版 故宫建筑在布局、色彩等方面体现了中和、天人合一、君权神授、神人以和的传统思想。下面是为大家带来的故宫导游词英文版，希望可以帮助大家。 故宫导游词英文版范文1： Each guest hello: I am your tour guide jia-qi Chen, you can call me xiao Chen to go in the next few days by me for all of you to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing scenery, hope that through my explanation, can make you leave a good impression of Beijing, also proposes the valued suggestion for my work, good, then we start today's trip! In the Ming and qing dynasty palace, is the largest building in the world today the most magnificent, the most intact ancient royal palace. The Palace Museum, also called zijin city. The child process is the supreme power in China in five century center, with his landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, a witness, in the history of the Ming and qing dynasties era China's prices in 1987, Beijing the imperial palace was the United Nations
北京故宫导游词最新 a;北京故宫始建于1420__年,建成于1420__年,是明清两朝的皇宫!下面为大家整理分享的是关于北京故宫导游词，接下来就让我们一起来学习一下吧，希望可以帮助到有需要的你们。 北京故宫导游词1 各位朋友：过一会儿我们将参观故宫博物馆，现在我先为大家简单介绍。故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与“紫”字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通百姓，即使是高官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家“禁”地，所以又称为紫禁城，整座城池建成于1420__年，位于天安门广场北侧。故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东西宽750米，全面积72万平方米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕，城墙高10米，可谓是“城高池宽”。在故宫城楼的四周各有一座被称为九梁十八柱七十二条脊的精美角楼。故宫开四门，坐北朝南，南门为午门，即正门，北门为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁
城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧!打个比方说吧，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间，等他住遍所有房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦!如此规模的建筑群，所用的人力、物力、财力是可想而知的，故宫自1420__年开始筹建，至1420__年完工，历时十余年。施工中征集全国著名工匠10万多名，民夫100万，所用的材料也都是来自全国各地。自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政。 北京故宫导游词2 各位游客,大家好.我是东厦旅行社的导游,名字叫余旭芸,大家叫我余导游就行了.今天,我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿------北京故宫. 北京故宫始建于1420__年,建成于1420__年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城.故宫占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,屋子有9999间半.故宫四周饶10米高的城墙,外有50多米宽的护河城.现在,我们已经来到了北京故宫门前.各位游客们,你们看,这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼.现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方.它们主要有三大殿:太和殿.中和殿.保和殿.现在,我们已经来到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最为高大的,它金碧辉煌,非常好看.看,这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏,称为望柱,柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画.非常显目且好看.我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门.其中午门为正门.
故宫导游解说词 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 女士们、先生们： 今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。 故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊！ 紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年（1406）开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢？据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采
故宫午门英语导游词3篇 故宫午门英语导游词3篇 Ok, I ill first e here, please slol appreiate. And ou remember oh! When brosing don t litter, don t touh items, don t trample objets, so ou an see the air has a histor of the Forbidden Cit. I ish ou all have fun and pla. 故宫午门英语导游词范文2： Wele to join sunshine tour visitors. Small tour guide, I am here no, I lead ou to visit, I hope ou abide b the order, don t roded, photograph is prohibited. Wish ou happ spend the onderful time! The Ming and qing dnasties to generations of the palae, also knon as the Forbidden Cit . It as founded in 1406, more than 600 ears. After several dnasties built no this is the best preserved of the imperial palae the imperial palae, is the largest anient palae plex. I said histor, no sas it laout. The imperial palae is meridian gate, the south to the north is reature, DongHuaMen on the east, the est gate xihua, is the fine struture of the Angle of the sample. Polhedral alls more than 10 meters high and a moat 52 meters ide, 800 meters long, is not onl spetaular beaut.
大家好，我是北京旅行社的导游，名叫成思瑶，欢迎来自济南的朋友来到北京参观故宫，我会陪同大家一起游览故宫，大家在参观的过程中有疑问的地方可以问我。 故宫建于公元1406年，南北长961米，东西宽763米，面积约723600平方米，大小院子有90多座，房屋有980多座，共计7078间。故宫的前半部分建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟的，以象征皇上的至高无上。后半部分叫内廷，则富有生活气息，建筑多事自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。 现在我们马上就到乾清宫了。乾清宫是内廷的正殿，高20米，殿的正中央有宝座，内有“正大光明”匾，两头有暖阁。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此处批阅奏折、选派官吏和召见下臣。请大家注意，在解散之后，不要随便触摸这些古老的文物，以防破损。 下面我们要去御花园，请大家排好队。 御花园里有高耸的松柏，珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名叫宫后苑，占地11000多平方米，有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽，可以说是保存的古亭中最为华丽的花园了。注意事项：如果大家有垃圾，请及时扔到垃圾箱里，不要丢在故宫里。 谢谢大家今天的参观，再见！ 《故宫导游词作文》篇二：故宫导游词 故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年（1406年）永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有600年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。 那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢？这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家，早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中，人们发现，有一颗星的位臵是不变的，始终居于天空的正中，它是紫微星，也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城” 紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣，也就是永乐皇帝在1406年开始营建的，用了14年的时间才全部建成，1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。 再者说，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。 在1924年冬季的一天，冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟，将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管故宫，并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天，为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝，许多人拥向故宫，北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞，这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。 故宫在开放的第一天，到底接待了多少游客，我们不知道。可这几年，每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的，算起来，每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。 故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢？这150多万件文物种类齐全，包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器，以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。 城池
北京故宫导游词范文大全合集 故宫的最北端，是御花园，园中有钦安殿。这里有苍松翠柏，名花异卉，怪石伏立、泉水喷珠，是故宫内最亲切自然之处。以下内容是小编为您精心整理的北京故宫导游词范文，欢迎参考! 北京故宫导游词范文1 各位客大家好： 我是你们的导游陈佳琪，大家可以叫我小陈就行了接下来的几天中就由我来为大家一起来游览北京故宫博物院的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京留下一个好印象，同时也对我的工作提出宝贵意见，好，接下来我们就开始今天的旅行吧! 故宫是明、清朝时的皇宫，也是当今世界规模最大建筑最雄伟，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫金城。子进程是中国五个世纪以来最高权力中心，他以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国物价历史的见证，1987年，北京故宫被联合国列入。 故宫坐北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看，在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼，从上面看就像物质展翅飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。各位旅客请在这里留影吧!
好啦!现在大家自由活动，晚上六点在故宫门前集合，祝大家有玩开心。 北京故宫导游词范文2 大家好，我是小导游王子安，今天我要带大家一起参观闻名世界的故宫。 游客朋友们，我们已经来到了故宫，它又叫紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫。故宫总共有四个门，南边的是午门，北边的是神武门，东边的是东华门，西边的是西华门。 我们现在来到的地方是太和殿。它是故宫三大殿之首，建在五米高的汉白玉台基上。殿高36米，宽63米，面积2380平方米。大殿正中，两米高的台子是金漆雕龙宝座。清明两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典均在此举行。 继续向前走，就到了中和殿，皇帝有事去太和殿之前，到这休息，接受大臣的朝拜。 最后一站，我们来到了保和殿，它也是三大殿之一。清朝每年的除夕和元宵会在此宴请皇亲和大臣。 今天的旅行到此结束，谢谢大家。 北京故宫导游词范文3
故宫紫禁城英文导游词 FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen： I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum;also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle,construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987,the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. people. The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happiness,good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau,the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty,when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from
新版故宫双语导游词 旅游休闲2009-08-25 07:42:47 阅读1162 评论1 字号：大中小订阅 紫禁城是皇帝的住所，所以又名皇家的宫殿。在封建社会，皇帝的住所是禁止普通人进入的，故名紫禁 城。 故宫为长方形，面积为72公顷，52米宽的护城河和10米高的城墙环绕着，四个角各有一个角楼，在 古代为重兵所把守。 故宫始建于明朝初年，也就是1420年。当时建成故宫后，明朝的首都马上就从南京移动到了北京。从明朝初年到清朝末年，一共有24位皇帝住在这里，其中14个在明朝，10个在清朝。在600年的时光中，故宫见证了许多的变化在明清时期。1911革命之后，清朝被推翻，末代皇帝浦仪也被赶出了故宫。1925年，故宫作为博物馆向公众开放，后来被称为故宫博物馆。 午门是故宫的正门，在中国古代时期，一般的建筑正门都是南门，午门是专门为皇帝通过的门，主要用于皇帝去天坛祭天等。午门的命名是皇帝认为它的宫殿建在子午线上，是宇宙的中心。门前的小广场是皇帝颁布新年历法的地方在每年的十月初一，当将军从战场回来时候，献俘大典也在这里举行。 走进午门就进入了故宫，故宫是世界上最大的皇家宫殿建筑群。据民间的传说，故宫有9999.5间房子，它分为外朝和内廷两大部分，外朝为政务区，内廷为皇帝的生活区。太和门是外朝的入口，门前内金水河流过，它的主要功能是防火，而五座石桥跨于内金水河之上，代表着孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。孔子就是中国最著名的哲学家，生于春秋时期，也就是公元前7世纪。五座石桥中，中间的是皇帝专用的。它的栏杆雕刻是龙，而其他的石桥的栏杆雕刻是荷花。龙是一种想象中的动物，说到龙这个词，中国人马上就可以想到一个巨大的牛头，鹿角，虾眼，鹰爪，蛇身和狮尾，整个身子被鱼鳞覆盖的动物。在中国的传统中，龙被认为是权力的象征，凤凰被认为是幸运的象征。在封建社会，皇帝就是龙的化身，而皇后则是凤凰的化身。因为龙生活在水中，龙可以控制水，所以在中国有水的地方，人们都会修建一座龙王庙来祈求平安。在故宫中你可以看到数百万只龙，它们分布在彩绘、雕刻、服装、装饰中，你可以自己 去寻找它们在故宫内。 进了太和门，这里可以看到游览图，在古代中国，所有的建筑都有中轴线，最好最重要的建筑都是沿着中轴线而建的。今天我们的主要游览也是沿着中轴线来参观的，我们将参观皇帝的典礼所、办公室、卧 室和花园等。 穿过太和门，你将看到中国最大的宫殿，它叫太和殿，它是用来举行大的仪式的地方。例如，皇帝生日、皇帝大婚，战争胜利，召见外国使节等。当仪式开始后，所有的文武百官都要跪在地上扮演三拜九叩。 另外，你可以看到屋顶的琉璃瓦都是黄颜色的，在中国，屋顶的颜色有三个等级，最高的为蓝色，象征蓝天，只有在天坛才可以看到；第二等是黄色，象征皇帝，这可以在一些皇家建筑中看到，比如故宫或明陵等；第三等是绿色，象征大臣，是大臣家允许用的颜色。而普通人家的屋顶只允许用灰色瓦，如果使 用其他颜色，就是犯罪，会被杀死的。 在太和殿下面的石台基，我们把它叫做须弥山。这名字来源于佛教，在佛经里说，须弥山是宇宙最高的山。所以这里叫须弥山是为了说明上面的太和殿的至高无上的地位。在台基上拜摆放的是香炉，当大典开始时候，会烧一些松柏，制造出烟雾，下面的人看到太和殿在云雾之中，好象天上的宫殿，给人以庄严 的感觉。 在台基上可以看到东边摆着的是日晷，西边的是嘉粮，它们放这里是象征着皇帝的公正与无私。铜龟 和铜鹤象征着长寿，它们实际上也是香炉。
介绍故宫导游词大全合集 故宫的最北端，是御花园，园中有钦安殿。这里有苍松翠柏，名花异卉，怪石伏立、泉水喷珠，是故宫内最亲切自然之处。以下内容是小编为您精心整理的故宫导游词，欢迎参考! 故宫导游词1 欢迎各位游客加入阳光之旅行列。我是这里的小小导游，现在，我带领大家共同游览，希望各位遵守秩序，不要拥挤，禁止照相。祝愿你们快乐地度过这美好时光! 明清的两代皇宫，也叫“紫禁城”。它始建于1406年，距今已有600年了。经过多个朝代的建造现在这故宫是目前保存最完好的故宫，也是规模最大的古代宫殿建筑群。 我说完历史，现在来说说它的布局吧。故宫南边是午门，北边是神武门，东边是东华门，西边是西华门，是结构精美的角样。多面的城墙有10米多高，护城河宽52米，长800米，既壮观有美丽。 文华殿是皇帝上早朝的地方。武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和会见大臣的地方。坤宁宫和乾清宫是皇帝、太后正式居住的地方，除了这些场所，还有后三宫和东西六宫。故宫在1961年被联合国教科文组织认为世界文化遗产。
我的介绍完了，我相信大家对故宫也有些了解了吧。祝大家玩得开心! 故宫导游词2 亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋，大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产故宫。 我们先来了解一下故宫吧!故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。 现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿，高20米。殿的正中央是宝座，内有正大光明匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫，清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官史和召见臣下。 现在我们来到了坤宁宫，在故宫中间的是坤宁宫，雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房，康熙同治、光绪二帝，均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如： 东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫 好啦，我的介绍就先到这里，请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦!在浏览时不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，不踩踏一草一木，
最全故宫英文导游词 优秀的导游词不仅能使游客影响深刻，也会激起游客对当地景点文化的兴趣，加深对景点的好感。下面是小编整理的有关于故宫英文导游词范文的全部内容了，希望能够帮助你们! 篇一：故宫英文导游词 Lying at the center of Beijing，the Forbidden City，called Gu Gong，in Chinese，was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum，it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape，it is the worlds largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate，to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)，which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters，while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section，or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power
北京故宫英文导游词 北京故宫也是我国代表性的景点，很多外国游客都喜欢参考游览，下面是关于北京故宫英文导游词，希望大家喜欢! 北京故宫英文导游词 FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng 1 / 4
介绍故宫的导游词 故宫又名紫禁城，始建于公元1406年，1420年基本峻工，是明朝皇帝朱棣始建，故宫是个著名的景点，导游对游客要做好详细的解说。下面是学识网带来的介绍故宫的导游词，欢迎大家阅读。 介绍故宫的导游词篇一 故宫由外朝与内廷两部分组成。外朝以太和殿(金銮殿)、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，东西以文华殿、武英殿为两翼，是皇帝处理政事、举行重大庆典的地方。内廷以乾清宫(皇帝卧室)、交泰殿、坤宁殿(皇帝结婚新房)为中心，东西两翼有东六宫、西六宫(皇纪宫室)，辅以养心殿、奉先殿、斋宫、毓庆宫、宁寿宫、慈宁宫以及御花园等，是皇帝平日处理政务及皇帝、皇后、皇太后、纪嫔、皇子、公主居住、礼佛、读书和游玩的地方。 总体布局为中轴对称，前三殿、后三宫坐落于全城中轴线上，气势雄伟，豪华壮观，为我国现存的最大、最完整的古建筑群，也是世界上别具一格，辉煌壮丽，并具中国古典风格和东方格调的建筑物和世界上最大的皇宫。1911年辛亥革命，推翻了满清统治，结束了2000多年的封建王朝，但被废帝博仪仍居住在故宫后半部分。1912年将外朝辟为“古物陈列所”。1924年11月5日冯玉祥部将鹿钟麟把博仪驱逐出宫。1925年10月10日成立故宫博物院。 它的特产有：白煮肉、鸭掌、刷羊肉、烤鸭、灌肠、豆汁…… 介绍故宫的导游词篇二
大家好!我是本次游览团的导游，我叫汪尔康，为了方便记忆，大家也可以叫我小汪，将由我带领大家参观北京故宫。 故宫又名紫禁城，始建于公元1406年，1420年基本峻工，是明朝皇帝朱棣始建。故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，建筑面积万平方米。宫城周围环绕着高12米，长3400米的宫墙，形成为一长方形城池，墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。 故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。面对北门神武门，有用土、石筑成的景山，满山松柏成林。在整体布局上，景山可说是故宫建筑群的屏障。 现在我将带领大家一起游览乾清宫。请大家在游览过程中不要乱丢垃圾，随地吐痰，破坏公物。当然啦，请大家紧跟着我一起游览，千万别走散了啊。 现在我们到了乾清宫，乾清宫是皇帝处理日常政务，批阅各种奏章的地方，后来还在这里接见外国使节。乾清宫建筑规模为内廷之首，明朝的十四个皇帝和清朝的顺治、康熙两个皇帝，都以乾清宫为寝宫，在这里居位，平时也在这里处理日常政务。作为明代皇帝的寝宫，自永乐皇帝朱棣至崇祯皇帝朱由检，共有14位皇帝曾在此居住。据记载，嘉靖年间发生十余个宫女趁嘉靖帝熟睡之时，企图勒死的“寅宫变”后，世宗移居西苑，不敢回乾清宫住。 这里是坤宁宫，坤宁宫是北京故宫内廷后三宫之一，坤宁宫在交泰殿后面，始建于明朝永乐十八(1420年)，正德九年(1514年)、万历二十四年(1596年)两次毁二火，万历三十三年(1605年)重建。清朝沿
FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is t he largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Mi ng Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhu di. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successiv e emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the thr one. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizat ion recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided t he constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellatio n of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the e mperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ be came a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting e astward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The w ord jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guard ed and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limit s to ordinary people.