美国社会与文化课后练习题(可编辑修改word版)

第7章美国文学Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. American literature is mainly about the seeking of the American people for success and happiness. _____【答案】T【解析】美国文学主要是关于美国人民追寻成功和幸福。

2. Rip Van Winkle was a character created by James Fenimore Cooper. _____【答案】F【解析】《瑞普·凡·温克》是小说家及历史家华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）的名篇。

故事主要讲述主人公瑞普·凡·温克喝醉之后在梦中的奇遇，然后顿悟过了一生。

3. The Leather-Stocking Tales consist of five novels depicting the American West. _____【答案】T【解析】《皮袜子故事集》是美国作家詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）的系列小说，共包含《杀鹿者》（The Deerslayer）、《最后的莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans）、《探路人》（The Pathfinder）、《拓荒者》（The Pioneer）和《大草原》（The Prairie）等五部小说。

4. Before Mark Twain, all major American writers were born on the East Coast. _____ 【答案】T【解析】马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国作家、演说家，生于美国密苏里州佛罗里达。

当代美国社会与文化试题与答案（代保平课）美国枪支管制的妨碍因素.根源：美国枪支问题的出现，是与长久以来所形成的枪支文化紧密相关。

而这种枪支文化的形成，则是由美国早期特殊的历史积淀所造就的。

16世纪，当第一批欧洲人历经艰辛来到美洲大陆后，面对着极为恶劣的外部环境。

除了抵御野兽的来袭，还要和当地印第安人对抗。

在这种混乱纷杂的环境下，当时并没有政府或者社会组织提供有效的防卫措施，唯一可以信赖的就是自身的力量，而枪支在保障人身安全方面发挥了重要的作用。

不仅如此，在北美大陆，打猎从一开始就已经成为一种谋生手段，枪支就成为猎杀野兽、维持生计的重要工具。

妨碍因素：1.利益集团的斗争NRA美国政治在很大程度上是一种利益集团政治，以布雷迪运动为首的枪支管制组织和以全美步枪协会为首的反对力量之间展开了激烈的交锋，竞相对国会施加压力。

可以说，围绕枪支问题的争夺已经变成了一种利益集团政治。

全美步枪协会被公认为是美国社会中最为强大的单一问题利益集团。

在历次国会枪支立法的过程中，全美步枪协会都扮演了核心的角色。

在全美步枪协会看来，民众持有武器的权利不得随意剥夺，反对任何形式的枪支管制，而主张严惩使用枪支犯罪的罪犯。

2.宪法修改的程序困境美国建国前后，拥有和携带枪支的权利，和言论自由一样，已被视为最珍视的个人权利之一。

而且枪支管制的问题，涉及对美国宪法第二条修正案的解释问题。

当时，共有7个州采用了"权利法案"，都含有保护民兵或者明确支持持有和携带枪支的条文规定。

近年来，在枪支问题变得突出之后，维护持枪权利的组织和人士始终依托宪法第二条修正案，反对任何的枪支管制措施。

3.民众态度的分化具体来说，妇女、城市居民、非美国本土出生者、政治上倾向自由主义者、不拥有枪支者相对更倾向于支持枪支管制，而男性、乡村居民、美国本土出生者、政治立场保守者、枪支拥有者则相对消极，不少人还采取激烈的反对态度。

而具体到地域上，城市居民出于对犯罪率上升的担忧，所以主张枪支管制的呼声就比较高涨；而在美国南部和中西部的山区，人们钟爱于打猎，也依赖枪支来防身，所以反对枪支管制的呼声相对很高。

美国文化练习题美国是一个多元文化的国家，拥有丰富多样的文化特点。

下面是一些美国文化练习题，让我们一起来了解一下吧！题目一：美国的国庆节是哪一天？答案：美国的国庆节是每年的7月4日。

这一天庆祝美国独立宣言签署的纪念日，人们会举行各种庆祝活动，如焰火、游行等。

题目二：美国最受欢迎的体育项目是什么？答案：美国最受欢迎的体育项目是美式足球（American Football）。

它是一项以肌肉对抗为主要特点的体育运动，其竞技水平和观赏性都非常高。

题目三：美国最大的城市是哪个？答案：美国最大的城市是纽约市（New York City）。

作为一个全球性的重要城市，纽约市不仅是金融、商业和文化中心，还有着丰富的历史和多元文化。

题目四：美国最受欢迎的音乐风格是什么？答案：美国最受欢迎的音乐风格是流行音乐（Pop Music）。

美国是全球音乐产业的领头羊，许多知名的流行歌手和乐团都来自美国。

题目五：美国的国花是什么？答案：美国的国花是玫瑰（Rose）。

玫瑰被认为是爱情和美的象征，它也是美国各州花中的代表之一。

题目六：美国最有名的电影奖项是什么？答案：美国最有名的电影奖项是奥斯卡金像奖（Academy Awards）。

奥斯卡金像奖是世界上最具影响力的电影奖项之一，每年由美国电影艺术与科学学院颁发。

题目七：美国最长的河流是什么？答案：美国最长的河流是密西西比河（Mississippi River）。

它全长约3,730公里，是美国重要的内河航道和水资源。

题目八：美国最高的建筑是哪座？答案：美国最高的建筑是纽约的自由女神像（Statue of Liberty）。

自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物，它象征着自由和民主。

题目九：美国最有名的节日是什么？答案：美国最有名的节日是感恩节（Thanksgiving）。

感恩节是美国人民表达感激之情的重要节日，人们会与家人和朋友共进丰盛的晚餐，并给予对彼此的感激。

题目十：美国最受欢迎的旅游景点是哪里？答案：美国最受欢迎的旅游景点是大峡谷（Grand Canyon）。

“美国社会与文化”课后练习题I. 单选1.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the geographic location ofthe United States of America?A.South of North America, southern temperate zone;B.South of North America, northern temperate zone;C.North of North America, northern temperate zone;D.North of South America, southern temperate zone.2.The boundary line between America and Mexico, starts from the mouth of the RioGrande River and finally ends at the ___________ seashore.A. AtlanticB. PacificC. IndianD. Oceanic3. _________, known as the Eastern Coastal Plain, is a wide strip between the Atlantic and the Appalachians.A. Mexico seacoastB. Caribbean seacoastC. Bering seacoastD. Atlantic seacoast4. Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from ________ to _________.A. Mexico, the ArcticB. Mexico, the AtlanticC. Alaska, the AtlanticD. Alaska, Mexico5．The Yellow Stone National Park is located in __________.A. the Grand CanyonB. the Rocky MountainsC. the Death ValleyD. the Willamette Valley6.According to functionalist perspective, which one is not mentioned as the functionof education?A.Providing custodial careB.Promoting national unityC.Reducing unemploymentD.Teaching knowledge and skills7.“Head Start” movement was conducted to __________.A.Give every child equal opportunity to receive education.B.Bring those who were at disadvantage to have equal opportunity to receiveeducation.C.Initiate an optional course in school.D.Improve the academic performance of students.8.Regarding the education reforms, _________.A.New paradigm supporters are confident in markets.B.Systemic reformers believe in consumers.C.The new paradigm and the old one are totally different.D.Both the reforms reached good result.9.Which of the following is related closely to religion?A.public schoolsB.Private schoolsmunity schoolsD.Parochial schools10.For the schools at local level, _____________.A.the central government assigns the president.B.V oted governing board is responsible for the governance of the local school.C.The education quality is not very high-standard.D.Teachers are less-paid than the state-run schools.11.The sources of American Folk Music are _________.A.the British Isles and AfricaB.the British Isles and AsiaC.European countriesD.All of the above12.American Folk Music represents ________.A.the American IndiansB.the tribal music of primitive peoplesC.American cultureD.The western American lives13.The foremost form of Anglo-Celtic folk music is ________.A.church musicB.BalladryC.Tribal musicD.Harmonic music14.Bob Dylan is ____________.A.American folk singer folksinger, banjo playerC.American singer and composerD.American folksinger and song writer15.A disc jockey is supposed to ___________.A.Design the programs for radio stations.B.Mix different kinds of music togetheranize the dancing tuneD.Blend only certain types of music together to create new ones.16.Donkey stands for________.A. Democratic PartyB. Republican PartyC. Labor PartyD. Federalist Party17. The president of the United States must be at least ________.A. 40 years oldB. 35 years oldC. 45 years oldD. 37 years old18. Which of the following is not considered as the cornerstone of traditionalAmerican belief?A. Individual FreedomB. Equality of OpportunityC. Material WealthD. Racial Diversity19. _____ is responsible for the relation of the United States with foreign countries.A. congressB. presidentC. ambassadorD. chief judge20. The president can veto any bills passed by congress, unless ______ in each housevote to override the veto.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 1/221.Juvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children oryouths under the age of _______.A. 16B. 14C. 18D. 2022.Which country remains the only Western democracy that imposed the deathpenalty on some of those convicted of murder?_______A. CanadaB. the United StatesC. EnglandD. Germany23.The largest and best organized association standing for firearm users in Americastates, “ Guns don’t kill people, people kill people”, which is _________.A. NRAB. Gun ClubC. WHOD. ARA24.Series of studies clearly show that ______ and violence are interrelated.A. RaceB. SexC. AgeD. Drugs25.The unlawful killing of a human being by a person who had an intent to kill is thedefinition of the crime of ______.A. MurderB. ManslaughterC. AssaultD. Battery26.What is the scientific definition of family given by sociologists?A.We are born into a family, mature in a family, form new families, and leavethem at our death. Family life is a universal human experience.B.The family is a fundamental God given institution built into the very natureof the universe.C.The family is an arbitrary cultural structure. It is a group of people heldtogether by bonds of love and affection.D.The family is a group of people who are related to one another by bonds ofblood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit,and bear and raise children.27.What is the basis for traditional family structure?A.Extended familyB.Nuclear familyC.KinshipD.Immediate family28.What are the diverse patterns of contemporary families?A.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent Households, Stepfamilies, Gay and LesbianMarriagesB.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent HouseholdsC.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Stepfamilies, Gay and Lesbian MarriagesD.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Two-Parent and One-ParentHouseholds, Gay and Lesbian Marriages29. What are the major family problems?i.Divorceii.Remarriageiii.Violenceiv.Work and Family InequalityA. (1) (2) (3)B. (1) (3) (4)C. (1) (2) (4)D. (1) (2) (3) (4)30. What are the causes for an aging American society?(1) A continued low fertility rate(2)Ever-greater life expectancy rate due to advances in medicine(3)The baby boom generation reaching old age.(4)Improved social services and more favorable public policiesA. (1) (2) (4)B. (1) (2)(3)C. (1)(2)(3)(4)D. (2)(3)(4)31.There occurred three times of immigration waves since 1620. The third wave tookplace ___________, and the number of immigrants rose to 23,500,000, most of whom came from such South-eastern European countries as Italy and Russia.A. between 1820 and 1850B. between 1851 and 1870C. between 1871 and 1920D. between 1881 and 192032.In 1886, _________ gave the United States the Statue of Liberty as a gesture offriendship, and since then the Statue, which is standing on an island near Ellis Island, has become a symbol of hope, lighting the way for new arrivals.A.FranceB. BritainC.GermanyD. Spain33.In recent decades, some important legislative documents have remapped the orderof American immigration policies. Among them, ___________ gave the priority to the applicants for family reunification, and since then the number of Asian immigrants has increased rapidly.A. the Immigration Act of 1965B. the Illegal Immigration ActC. the USA Patriot Act of 2001D. the Exclusion Act of 188234.Americans make active use of their legal system and take great pride in being alitigious people. The underlined part means that ___________.A.Americans are fully aware of their legal rightsB.Americans are protective towards their legal rightsC.Americans are jealous of others’ legal rightsD.Americans are fond of taking matters to a court of law35.Like al other judges, ___________ are appointed by the president with theapproval and consent of the senate.A. the district judges B the Attorney GeneralC. Chief of JusticeD. justice of the peace36.The most important element in US economy against inflation was____________.A. the federal Reserve BoardB. the International Monetary FundC. the World BankD. big corporations37.The following are the strengths of the US economy except __________.A. the highest standard of livingB. the lowest unemployment rateC. low rate of savingsD. high productivity of US industries38.Which of the following is not included as essential elements in Americaneconomic system?A. Productivity.B. Income equality.C. Creativity.D. Stability.39．Which combination is right?A.Passing of the Social Security Act---- post-1960B.President Nixon---- the Great SocietyC.President Carter---- the Great SocietyD.President Reagan---- the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act40．Which of the following is not the major role that the US media is playing?A. WatchdogB. Speech RectifierC. SignalerD. Common CarrierII．名词解释1）Gold Rush2) Martin Luther King Jr.3) The New Deal4) The Great Depression5) Laissez-Faire6) Affirmative Action Program7) The Baby Boom8) The Great Society9) Racism10) Ku Klux Klan11) Original Sin (Inherent Sinfulness)12) Welfare State13) Westward Expansion14) WASP15) Rating Code16) McCarthyism17) American Dream18) the Iron Curtain19) the Marshall Plan20) Watergate Scandal21) extended family22) nuclear family23) Hispanic Americans24) Manifest Destiny25) Separation of PowersIII. Essay Questions1) How would you describe the relationship between President and Congress in theUnited States?2) Do you think economic affluence will inevitably lead to consumerism andexcessive individualism? Why or why not?3) What are the major American values? What are the changes in the American values?What are the factors that contribute to these changes?4) What is the origin of the myth of Asian Superiority? Why do you think the myth ofAsian Superiority is harmful?5) What are some of the characteristics of American education? How do Americansview the role of education in American society and in their individual life?6) America is widely accepted as the engine of the world economy. In what way doyou think the American economy has influenced and will influence the world?7) Immigration takes place with, at least, two forces at work, namely the pull forceand the push force. Pick any one ethnic group in the United States as an example and illustrate its experience in the “pull and push” framework.8) Throughout the U.S. history, the two major parties, the Republican and theDemocratic, have been holding powers alternatively in the country. What key functions have they played in American politics? Why is it that minor parties in the U.S. have never been able to challenge the two-party system in the power struggle of American politics?9) The death penalty and gun control have been issues of bitter controversy in nationaland state politics of the United States. Discuss the reasons why Americans are so divided over these two issues, and explain how values and principles clash with each other in these two controversial issues.10) Sports, particularly football, have traditionally played a significant role inAmerican colleges and universities. What are their social, cultural, and economic implications for universities and students?Basic American values:Individual freedom --- the freedom of individuals to fulfill their own individual needsand do as they wishSelf-reliance --- being able to take care of themselves and not depend on others for supportEquality of opportunity --- having an equal chance to succeed, regardless of whethersex, race, or ageCompetition --- having to compete with others for success, rather than expecting to be given something for freeMaterial wealth --- viewing possessions as the mark of having status in the societyand as the natural reward for hard workHard work --- the belief that everyone should work hard, sometimes for very long hours, to be successful。

U3 American BeginningsⅠ1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. (T)2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. (T)7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. (T)8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. (F)Ⅱ1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? (A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.)3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. (B. Martin Luther King.)7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. (C. William Penn.)10.”No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.)Ⅲ1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “what is an American” in his book (letters from An American Farmer)2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia) and the second from (Europe) and (Africa).3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were (The Aztecs),(the Incas)and(the Mayas).4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of (1492).5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of (John Cabot)Ⅳ3. The Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, When the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.U4 The Political System in the United StatesⅠ1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. (F)3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. (T)4. The main duty of the Congress id to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. (T)6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. (F)7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. (T)9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. (T)Ⅱ4. Which of the following statements NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, (A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.)5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? (B. The legislative. )6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? (C. The president can make laws.)7. The Bill of Rights consists of (C. 10 amendments added to the Constitutionin 1791)8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police. )Ⅲ4. The Constitution set up a federal system with (a strong central government.)5. A federal system is one in which power is shared between (a central authority) and (its constituent parts) with some rights reserved to each.6. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive, (the legislative) and (the judicial).7. The Congress id divided into (the House of Representatives) with 435 members who serve two-year terms, and (the Senate) with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.8. Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as (lobbies).9. The Supreme Court is composed of (1) chief justice and (8) associate justices.10. The Supreme Court has the function of determining whether Congressional legislative or executive action violates the Constitution. This power is called (judicial review).12. The two major political parties are (the Democratic party), which is thought to be more liberal, and (the Republican party), which is believed to be more conservative.Ⅳ2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3. The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.U5 American EconomyⅠ2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. (T)5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. (T)6. When people buy stocks, the become part owner of the company. (T)8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. (F)9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. (T)Ⅱ1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of (B. Rhode Island)2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in (C. firearms industry)3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in (C. 1863)5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? (D. Steelmaking)6. The United States was rated (C. fourth) in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.Ⅲ2. When starting a business or launching new ventures, money was needed. That money was known as (capital).3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has (limited liability), so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.4. The best-known stock exchange is (the New York Stock Exchange) located in (the Wall Street) area of New York City.6. The Constitution of The United States bars all kinds of internal (tariffs), so manufacturers do not have to worry about (tariff barriers) when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Ⅳ5. Service industriesService industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era”.U8 Education in the United StatesⅠ3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. (F)4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. (T)5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. (F)6. It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. (T)7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. (T)Ⅱ1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students? (B. Politics and business education)2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by (D. boards of education)3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(C. Elementary school, secondary school)4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? (B. Research institutions)5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? (C. large universities offer scholarships all students)7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that (B. they pass the college entrance examinations)8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. (B. the State University of New York)9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except (A. investment)10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except (C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy)Ⅲ1. About 90% of American students go to (public) schools and 10% attend (private) schools.3. The foal of education in the United States is to achieve universal (literacy) and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws about (education) and all states require young people to go to school. Thus, every child in America is guaranteed up to (13) years of education.5. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: (student tuition) endowments and (government funding).6. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a (bachelor＇s) degree. The other two higher degrees are master＇s degree and (doctor＇s degree)Ⅳ2. Boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.U10 Social Problems in the United StatesⅠ2. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans, who account for 11.7% of the population. (F)4. The problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. (F)5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. (T)8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. (T)9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. (T)Ⅱ3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? (A. The aggressive nature of these groups)4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?(D. Robbery)6. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? (C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment)7. If white-collar crimes were Included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT (D. living near city centers)Ⅲ3. Former President (Nixon) said that crime is America's "number one enemy.”4. American slavery was finally abolished by (the Civil War), Lincoln's emancipation of slaves in 1863 and (the 13th Amendment to the Constitution) in 1865.6. Drug abuse in the US is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs, or (dysfunctions).8. To further their interests, large corporations in the US usually have professional (lobbyists) in Washington D.C.to influence public officials behind the scenes.9. According to the text, those arrested for crimes in the United States are very likely to be male, young, a member of a (racial minority) and a (city resident).IV1. The black "underclass”The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains of progress made in the past decades. The urban ghettos now contain a permanently impoverished "underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50%or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This "underclass" could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist-that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this ghetto underclass offers an explosive potential for the future.5. White-collar crimesWhite-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.U17 The Country and its PeopleⅠ1.Canada is the largest country in North American continent. (T)2. Canada is rated regularly as having the highest standard of living in the because it has rich natural resources. (F)2.The majority of the Canadian population live in an area not far away fromthe Canadian-US border. (T)4. French is an official language in Quebec and maritime provinces. (F)6. Toronto is the biggest city and the capital of Canada. (F)II1. Which of the following statements about Canada true? (C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population)7. Who first came and settled Canada? (B. French colonists)III1. Canada consists of (10) provinces and (3) territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.3. Canada's motto is that the country stretches “from sea to sea", with the (Pacific) Ocean on the west coast and the (Atlantic) on Ocean on the east coast.4. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share the longest (undefended national border) in the world.7. The capital of Canada is (Ottawa) and the second largest city is (Montreal).IV1. The Canadian identityIt is sometimes very hard to define what true Canadian identity is. But in general, it refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.U19 The Canadian MosaicⅠ1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingual framework. (T)Ⅱ1. What is the other official language besides English in Canada? (C. French)2. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to (B. build the railroad)5. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak (D. Cantonese)Ⅲ1. Many people use the notion that American society is a (melting pot) while Canada is described as a (mosaic)2. Multiculturalism has caused something of a problem in that Canadians often feel they lack a (“notional identity”)Ⅳ1. The Canadian MosaicWhen Canada is described as a mosaic, it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs, languages and traditions. There is no particular concept of an overarching Canadian identity. This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.。

武汉大学美国社会与文化慕课答案答案均来自本人收集整理，未经授权禁止转载，还需要其它答案的同学，可以直接发私哦，私都会一一回复的，评论不回复哈！1、The US is locatedA、in the Eastern HemisphereB、in the Western HemisphereC、between the Pacific and the Indian OceansD、between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean答案：in the Western Hemisphere--------------------------------2、Which is the highest mountain range in North America?A、Pacific CoastB、Rocky MountainsC、Appalachian MountainsD、Canadian Shield答案：Rocky Mountains--------------------------------3、Which event directly provoked the American Revolution?A、The France-Britain WarB、Imposition of new taxes by BritainC、The Boston Tea Party incidentD、No representation of the colonies in the British Parliament答案：The Boston Tea Party incident--------------------------------A、Benjamin FranklinB、Thomas JeffersonC、John AdamsD、Robert Livingston答案：--------------------------------5、The Gilded Age refers to an era of rapid growth and blatant corruption in the late 19th century. The name was borrowed from a novel written byA.the United States in 120s.B.the United States in early 20th century.C.the United States in 1950s.D.the United States in late 20th century.答案：B--------------------------------1、The First Article of the US Constitution gives the law-making power toA、Congress (the legislative branch)B、President (the executive branch)C、Supreme Court (he Judicial branch)D、The States答案：C 此题为细节题，根据文章“The Tournament starts each year six weeks before the first Monday in August．”可知C 为正确答案。

P20Even though the U.S.A. is all about self-reliance , individualism and self-esteem, religion is very important . A great variety of faiths are represented in the United States. Religion in itself is a value that helps keep people together.State and church are separate and religion is not taught in public school, but Christian values are often mingled into the concept of American values . This can be seen ,for example, in the Pledge of Allegiance and in sayings like”In God We Trust” and”God bless you”.Since Americans move so often,their church becomes a network where they can make new friends and be included in the community.This should not be so hard considering that the three qualities that are often emphasized as typically American are informality, a general friendliness to strangers,and a strong community feeling.P36Historically, some of the extremely wealthy Americans have made generous contributions to help others. In the early 1900s, for example, Andrew Carnegie, a famous American businessman, gave away more than $300 million to help support schools and universities and to build public libraries in thousands of communities in the United States. The motive for humanitarianism and volunteerism is strong:Many Americans believe that they should devote part of their time and wealth to religious or humanitarian causes in order to be acceptable in the eyes of God and in the eyes of other Americans. Many businesses encourage their employees to do volunteer work, and individuals may get tax deductions for money given to charity.P46The willingness to experimentand invent led to another American trait, a "cando" spirit, or a sense of o ptimism that every problem has a solution. Americans like to believe that a d ifficult problem can be solved immediately--------an impossible one may take a littlelonger. They take pride in meeting challenges and overcoming difficult obstacle s. This cando spirit has traditionally given Americans a sense of optimism about themselves and their country. Many like to say that if the United States can land a man on the moon, no problem on earth is impossible.P48Many Americans believe that when the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, they meant to ensure the right of people to own guns. They would argue that law-abiding citizens should be allowed to keep guns in their own homes. The frontier strengthened the tradition of owning guns because it was an unsettled region and settlers need guns for hunting and protection. They had to be tough, and part of the frontier legacy is the physical prowess and rugged individualismof Western movie heroes. Frontier settlers were also known for their inventiveness and their can-do spirit.P79In spite of the nation’s immigrant tradition,it still is not easy being a newc omer to the U.S.Often,there is family conflict because parents hold onto “old-country”ways while their children become Americanized.For many adult immigrants,learning English is a very difficult task.Finding a good job in this highly technological nation is another challenge.Nevertheless,most immigrants love their adopted land and live happily in it.The U.S.has given many people a sense of hope and safety that they never had before.In return,immigrants have enriched their adopted land with their skills,talents,ideas,and hard work. The U.S.A.is a strong and prosperous country largely because it is a nation of immigrants.P91American people do not like arranged marriages.Before marriage,one first goes out with someone for a while,and usually they know each other through social contract.There is not much practical consideration concerning marriage,and usually America people place priority on “love” over family background or financial conditions.How can the wedding guests know what gifts the couple wants?They can go to the department store where they can get a list from the bridal registry ,and the items on the things the couple wants to receive.On the wedding day,a ceremony is conducted by the minister and there the couple swears their lifelong devotion to each other . After the ceremony,there comes the wedding reception where the wedding guests can enjoy the food , drinks and dances.P99Sometimes, newcomers to the U.S. mistakenly conclude that Americans simply leave their elderly parents in nursing homes. Millions of middle-aged Americans members of the “sandwich generation”-take care of both their elderly parents and their children. However, for elderly people who are very ill or disabled , a nursing home may be the only alternative if their children are working and no one is home during the day to take care of them. Family members usually select a nursing home nearby so that they can visit often. Americans are constantly seeking new ways of caring for increasing numbers of older people with physical limitations.P103Most American attitudes about good manners(礼貌) relate to showing respect and consideration for others. Americans believe that all people are entitled(有资格的) to equal opportunity and respect. No one is privileged(享有特权的),and no one is worthless. A person who acts very humble(谦逊的) and timid(羞怯的) willmake his or her American friends uncomfortable. On the other hand, a domineering person will have trouble keeping American friends. A polite but assertive(独断的) manner is socially acceptable. No matter what your status is in relation to other people, feel free to look directly into his eyes and speak your true feelings. Occasionally, it is a social necessary to tell a ”white lie” and compliment(恭维，称赞) someone on something you don’t really like. But, most of the time, you can express your true opinions. Americans won’t mind if you disagree with them as long as you show respect for them and their ideas.P114The nation’s major citie s are among its most popular tourist attractions. All year round, tourists jam the streets and hotels of Manhattan; they come to see the skyscrapers(摩天大楼),visit museums, art galleries, theaters, and famous specialty shops, and eat in the elegant(优雅的) and exotic(异国的) restaurants. Besides New York, people are also attracted by cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, New Orleans, and Philadelphia. With Hollywood as the home of the American movie industry, and Disneyland, the nation’s most fabulous(极好的) amusement park, Los Angeles becomes a fascinating place for people of all ages. As for San Francisco, it is the leading seaport(港口) of the Pacific Coast(太平洋海岸). It is famous for its bridges, cable cars(缆车), breathtaking(令人窒息的) scenery and seafood. To the visitors, New Orleans has its especial attraction. With many remainders of Old Europe and the Old south, this birthplace of jazz gives people a feeling of continental flavor. Compared with other cities, Philadelphia stands as a historical place. People come here to see the Liberty Bell that had announced the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and visit the building where the nation’s Constitution had been signed.P149So why, after all these years, is the world stuck on Elvis? The answer lies in culture: Elvis Presley is American myth personified. He is greater than the sum of his songs and movies; he symbolizes the American Dream. Born in poverty, Elvis used his innate talent to rise above his condition and achieve his dream, without coming from a socially connected, politically powerful, or wealthy family. He propelled himself from an unknown hillbilly singer to international super-stardom as a rock’ n’ roll performer, only to die young and leave behind a growing legion of fans.Those fans choose to ov erlook Elvis’ drug dependency and other excessive behavior, preferring instead to recall what they see as his better nature. During his lifetime, Elvis donated money to charities and brought gifts for the poor and his family and friends. Furthermore, the hometown boy who made good never left the comfort of Memphis, always keeping close to his roots, remembering the people and places from which he came.For some, the reasons behind the continued celebration of Elvis’s life are not so mythical. So many talents today are one-hit wonders, unable to lay claim as the world’s greatest entertainer. Elvis had talent, strength, and charisma. He changed a generation. Sam Phillips, who first recorded Elvis on Sun Records, gives a simple response when asked about Elvis’s undying popularity, “Elvis has lasted because he was one of us.”。

美国社会与⽂化复习资料（DOC）US Entertainment---SportsPART I Choose the correct answer.1.The most popular baseball league in the U.S. is ________ .A. Major League FootballB. Major League BaseballC. the American LeagueD. the National League2.Innings are divided into halves, referred to as the top and bottom of the inning.A 1B 2C 3D 43. was a truly American originA FootballB baseballC BasketballD ice-hocky4. The 32-team is the most popular and only major professional football league.A NILB NBLC NBAD NFL5. The typical American sports of baseball, basketball and football arose from games that were brought to America by _____.A. Native AmericansB. the first settlersC. the African slavesD. English people6. Which of the following sports is invented in the United States?A. FootballB. BasketballC. BaseballD. SoccerPART II Fill in the blanks1.Baseball is the oldest of the major American team sports, though baseball is no longer the most popular sport, it is stillreferred to as the "national pastime.“2. A baseball game is divided into nine periods of play, called innings.3. The National Basketball Association, is the world's premier men's professional basketball league and one of the major professional sports leagues of North America4. Football, known as gridiron or American football outside the U.S. and Canada, attracts more television Viewers than baseball, and is considered the most popular sport in the United States.5. The United States is one of creators of the International Olympic Committee6. In 1994, the US hosted _the World Cup_, which sparked increased interest in the sport.7. _Major League Baseball_ is the highest level of professional baseball competition in North America.8. The professional championship game of _football_ is called the Super Bowl.9. Sports have contributed to racial and social integration and over history have beena “social glue”bonding the country together.III True or False Statement1. ( T) Sports in the US not only provide recreation for its people, but also teach important values.IV Definition1. baseballIt is a game between two teams of 9 people. One team trying to gain points by hitting a ball and running around the field, the other tries to stop them by catching the ball and throwing it.2. NFLThere are two leagues the AFL (American Football League) and the NFC (National Football Conference) which together are part of the NFL (National Football League) 3. PATAt that stage, the team can earn one additional point by kicking the ball through the goal posts, a Point After Touchdown.V Answer questions1.What important role do sports play in American society?US Values 2014I Fill in the blanks.1. Americans believe that all people have an equal opportunity to succeed in life, despite the physical or economic conditions into which they were born.2. Americans focus more on the future than the past and even the present. Almost all energy is directed towards realizing a better future.3. American always cherishes the following values: equality, respect, gratitude, loyalty, responsibility. And, independence show up in modern American families.II Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.1. Americans are even disrespectful of those in authority. What is their preference when they are called by people?A. Mr. or Mrs.B. first nameC. middle nameD. last nameV Explain each item in your own words1. American DreamThe so-called American Dream , is a belief that as long as the United States after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the idea of a better life, that is, people have to work through their own hard work.VI Questions for short answers1. The characteristics of uniformity in American culture.With regard to language, there is no real regional or class variety in speech or usage.There is not much difference in habits and ways of living. In general people share the same ideas, ideals and objectives. American people are almost entirely an urban society.In general there is not much really distinctive regional architecture or cookery, music or literature.VII Questions for discussion1.What characteristics of the American values in America impress you most in the movie ?Unit 3 American HolidayFind the exact signals or descriptions of each holidays respectively.Valentine's Day: a festival of romance and affection by exchanging tokens of loveSt. Patrick's Day : Be sure to wear greenEaster: In Christian countries it is celebrated as a religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ,April Fools' Day: Play a clever (but harmless) trick or tell a joke to someone with a good sense of humorMothers' Day: carnationColumbus Day: It commemorates the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus Halloween: “Trick or treat”Thanksgiving Day: turkey Christmas: Santa Claus and his reindeersDefinition:Presidents’ DayIt honors two great American Presidents: Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. third Monday in Feb.Thanksgiving Day:It is the fourth Thursday in November, celebrates the first harvest of the Pilgrims after they survived their first winter in the new world. The theme has always been peace and plenty.Martin Luther King’s DayIt is on Jan. 15th to celebrate the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., a great civil rights leader who fought against racial discrimination.Independence Day:On July 4th, celebrates the birthday of the U.S. with the signing of the Declaration of Independence.Veteran's DayNovember 11, Also known as Remembrance Day, Armistice Day. It honors all the brave servicemen and women who have put their lives on the line to defend the rights and freedom of all Americans.Thanksgiving Day:The fourth Thursday in November, Celebrating a Harvest of tradition. The theme has always been peace and plenty.Christmas:D ecember25,a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus ChristSanta Claus: -in folklore, a fat, bearded old man in a red suit who lives at the North Pole and bringschildren presents at Christmas;Unit 5 American EducationI. Fill in the blanks/doc/747384256.htmlcation in the United States is provided mainly by government, withcontrol and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local.2. Elementary school is for the students who are in Grade 1-6, at the age of 6-11.3. (Senior) high school is for the students who are in Grade 9-12, at the age of 14-17.Definition:Ivy League including 8 universities, namely Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Yale UniversityV. Explanation1. What will entitle American students to get the acceptance of college and university1) the conditions of application for a college education:2) student’s high school records3) recommendation from their high school teachers4) the impression they make during interview at the university5) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)VI. Composition1.What characteristics of the higher education in America impress you most?US General IntroductionI Fill in the blanks.1.Since the time of independence of the United States, 48continental states were added.2.Two states are separated from the continental US, that is Hawaii inthe Pacific Ocean and Alaska to the northwest of Canada.3.In the US, there are 4 time zones form the east to west.4. “WASP” stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant5. Among the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one entirely in theUnited States.6. Washington, D.C is named after George Washington and ChristopherColumbus.7. The country is situated mostly in central North America , withCanada_ to the north and Mexico to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and Atlantic Ocean to the east.8. The federal district of USA is Washington, D.C. and the largest city isNew York City.9. Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part and the RockyMountains are in the western part.II Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.1.How many continental states were there at the time of independence ofthe US?A.35B. 48C. 13D.502.Which of the following was the last continental state added to theUnion?A.KentuckyB.ArizonaC.PennsylvaniaD.Alaska3.Which of the following description of uniformity of American culture isnot true?A.People in general share the same ideas, ideals and objectivesB.There is no real regional or class variety in speech of usage ofEnglish.C.There is not much really distinctive regional architecture orcookery.D.Generally speaking people have the same ethnic background.4. Which states are geographically separated from the American continent?A Hawaii and Alaska.B Hawaii and ArizonaC Arizona and AlaskaD Alaska and New York5. The biggest city in the US is ______ .A. Los AngelsB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco6. Which two lakes consist of Niagara Falls?A. Lakes Superior and MichiganB. Michigan and HuronC. Huron and ErieD. Erie and Ontario7. What are the five famous symbols of American culture?A. Barbie Doll, American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, TheStatue of LibertyB. Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty, Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, AmericanGothicC. American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, Coca-cola, The Statueof LibertyD. Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty8. What are the national rose and tree of US?A. rose and palmB. rose and oakC. tulip and oakD. tulip and palmIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T) Hawaii became the 50th states of the United States in the 1948.2. (F) The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Hispanics.3. (F) The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Colorado.4. (T) The first thirteen states of the United States mainly located along the eastern seaboard5. (T) Arizona was the last continental state which joined the Union in the 1912.6. (T) Hollywood located in Los Angels.1. Find the nicknames of the following States in the USA. Arkansas: Land of OpportunityCalifornia: Golden StateColorado: Centennial StateFlorida: Sunshine StateHawaii: Aloha StateAlaska: Land of Midnight Sun; the Last Frontier；Peninsula State Massachusetts: Old Colony State；Bay State V Explain each item in your own words1. diversity of the peopleIt refers to the different origins of the immigrants (different ethnic backgrounds) and the differences between the first generation ofimmigrants and long-established Americans.2. Manhattan IslandIt is south-east part of New York City.It is the center of the City and includes things that are famous to the world: Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Centre, the United Nations Building, Central Park, Harlem and so onVI Questions for short answers1. Which was the “mother country”?The UK was considered as the mother country of the original thirteen colonies in North America.2. Why does Manhattan Island include everything that most people think of when they say “New York”?Because famous places like Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Centre, Central Park, Harlem and so on are on this island.Chapter 2 American History 2014II Questions and Answers on the Text1.Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2.When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3.Where and when was the first English colony founded?At Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.4.How did the early colonists in Virginia manage to earn money?They discovered a way to earn money by growing tobacco.5.Who established several settlements in New England?English Puritans.6.When did the Pilgrims cross the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7.How many colonies had English settlers occupied by 1733?Thirteen8.In colonial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to allnewspapers?The stamp Act9.How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Continental Congress1.After the first shot of the American War of independence was fired at Lexingtonon April 19,1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2.It began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded aContinental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington, and began to print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers. It adopted on July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by Thomas Jefferson.The Bill of Rights1.In order to insure individual liberties, ten amendments—the bill of Rights wereadded to the Constitution in 17912.It guaranteed freedom of religion, a free press, free speech, the right of citizensto bear arms, protection against illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protection against “cruel and unusual punishments”The Emancipation Proclamation1.After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation onJanuary1, 1863 to win more support at home and abroad.2.It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy. Reconstruction1.After the Civil War, the US Congress put forward the program of Reconstruction,or reform, of the Southern states.2.The program was bitterly opposed by most Southern whites3.It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified in all southern statesand all federal troops were withdrawn from the south.The Ku Klux Klan1.After the Civil War, some southern whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.2.It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests andadvantages by terrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.3.By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, but it revived severaltimes in later history.Franklin D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat governor of New York state, he was elected president in1932.2.Within the historic “Hundred Days”, he launched the New Deal program to dealwith the Depression3.He explained his politics to the public in a series Depression, many Americansconsidered him as one of the most respected presidents in American history. The Social Security Act1.As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act was passed in 1935.2.It established contributory old-age and survivors’ pen sions and a jointfederal-state program of unemployment insurance.Social ProblemI choose the correct answer1.Who is responsible for the War on Poverty?A NixonB JohnsonC KennedyD Michael Harrington2.Which of the following is not drug?A MafiaB HeroinC LSD D Cocaine3.Which of the following publishes the Uniform Crime Reports?A the CIAB The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.C The FBID The Supreme Court4.Those arrested for crimes are disproportionately likely to be three of the following except .A a city residentB youngC a member of a racial majorityD male5.Drug abuse is a social problem because of the following dysfunctions except that .A it is strongly associated with crimeB it is blamed for half of the annual total of road traffic fatalitiesC drug dependence takes a significant toll on personal health and safetyD the profits of organized crime associated with drug are an economic cost to society.II Fill in the blanks1.Poverty reemerged as a social program in the 1960s and was perceived as a condition that represented a glaring gap between American ideals and American reality.2.In 1960s, two American Presidents, President Kennedy and President Johnson, tried to solve the problem of poverty. /doc/747384256.htmltwo of the programs that were associated withthe War on Poverty: VISTA and Job Corps .4.Much of medifraud takes place in Medicaid mills./doc/747384256.htmltwo kinds of outlawed drugs: heroin and LSD.6.Drug abuse has become the most challenging social problem in the US.7.The large corporations maintain professional lobbyists in Washington to further their own interests.III True or False1. (T) The earliest two medical insurance programs are Blue Cross and Blue Shield.2. (F) Former President Carter said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.3. (T)The medical bills associated with serious illness account for half of the bankruptcies in the United States each year.4. (T)The American crime statistic often overlook the white-collar.5. (F) Non-profit is the primary goal of American health-care system.IV answer the questions:Medicare and Medicaid:1.In 1965 Congress passed legislation creating two new health insurance programs—medicare and Medicaid.2.they are designed to make medical care more freely available respectively to the people over the age of sixty-five and the people with very low income.3.however, these programs have become a major cause of runaway costs in the medical system because the level of fees is set by hospitals and doctors, at the federal and state governments.4.the programs also lead to rampant medifraud.Chapter 2 American HistoryII Questions and Answers on the T ext1.Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America. 2.When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3.Where and when was the first English colony founded?At Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.4.How did the early colonists in Virginia manage to earn money?They discovered a way to earn money by growing tobacco.5.Who established several settlements in New England?English Puritans.6.When did the Pilgrims cross the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7.How many colonies had English settlers occupied by 1733?Thirteen8.In colonial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to beattached to all newspapers?The stamp Act9.How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Continental Congress1.After the first shot of the American War of independence wasfired at Lexington on April 19,1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2.It began to assume the functions of a national government. Itfounded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington, and began to print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers. It adopted on July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by Thomas Jefferson.The Bill of Rights1.In order to insure individual liberties, ten amendments—the billof Rights were added to the Constitution in 17912.It guaranteed freedom of religion, a free press, free speech,the right of citizens to bear arms, protection against illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protection against “cruel and unusual punishments”The Emancipation Proclamation1.After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the EmancipationProclamation on January1, 1863 to win more support at home and abroad.2.It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by theConfederacy.Reconstruction1.After the Civil War, the US Congress put forward the program ofReconstruction, or reform, of the Southern states.2.The program was bitterly opposed by most Southern whites3.It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified inall southern states and all federal troops were withdrawn from the south.The Ku Klux Klan1.After the Civil War, some southern whites formed the Ku KluxKlan.2.It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect whiteinterests and advantages by terrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.3.By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, butit revived several times in later history.Franklin D. Roosevelt1.A former Democrat governor of New York state, he was electedpresident in 1932.2.Within the historic “Hundred Days”, he launched the New Dealprogram to deal with the Depression3.He explained his politics to the public in a series Depression,many Americans considered him as one of the most respected presidents in American history.The Social Security Act1.As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act waspassed in 1935.2.It established contributory old-age and survivors’ pensions and。

An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl – different cultures mix, but remain distinct.Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China,and his efforts to end the Vietnam War.He is also noted for hismiddle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon createdthe Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.the Statue of Liberty The CapitolSenator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of theUnited States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, . in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skillsThanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention,though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's graceThe Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profoundimpact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not becauseit has fadedfrom memory, but because theindividuals in theLost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also hada faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. They praised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source of corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the . over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the . South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly usedto refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotationsof academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。

《美国社会与文化》期末考试姓名：专业：学号：I．翻译（20%）1.The process of learning the rules about how to behave is called socialization and it lasts for all of our lives.2. Federalism(联邦制) is a system in which the power to govern is shared between federal government and provincial/state governments.3. According to his principle of the social contract, Locke argued that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience.4. The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes a promise of the possibility of prosperity and success.II. 简答题（45%）（每道题250字以上）1.简述美国高等教育的特点。

2.作为移民社会，美国有时被称为“大熔炉（Melting Pot）”，有时又被称为“沙拉碗（SaladBowl）”。

请谈谈你的看法。

3.简述美国政教分离原则。

III．论述题（35%）（二选一；800字以上）4.比较美国梦与中国梦的异同Or 5.美国的行政权、立法权、司法权之间如何相互制衡。