课时分层作业(十)Section Ⅰ
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The evolution(进化) of animals depends upon the environmental conditions on Earth.Here are the top four oldest animal species on Earth.
Horseshoe Crab—445 million years old
Horseshoe crabs appeared on Earth 445 million years ago.They live in shallow ocean waters across the world.Horseshoe crabs have a long tail.They have nine eyes in total，found throughout the body.Out of the nine，two large eyes are mainly used by horseshoe crabs and the others are used to control their movements.
Nautilus—500 million years old
The nautilus is a kind of shellfish living in the sea that existed 500 million years ago.That is long before dinosaurs appeared on Earth.It is said to be the only surviving member of a large group of shellfish.Nautiluses live at a depth of 2，200 feet in the ocean.
Jellyfish (水母)—550 million years old
Jellyfish with an umbrella-like head can be found in every ocean in the world.They have no brain or nervous system.Jellyfish are found in different shapes and colors.The 90 percent of their body weight is water.They are also known to eat other jellyfish.The box jellyfish is the most dangerous species of jellyfish on Earth.
Sponge—580 million years old
Sponges are a special kind of creature living in the sea that looks like a plant.They appeared in the world's oceans 580 million years ago.There are 5，000 different species of sponges in the world.They live at different depths in the oceans.
Sponges don't have arms or head.They have a special power to grow back a lost body part and a new sponge will grow from the old one.The body of sponges contains many channels，which become a shelter for many small species.
【语篇解读】动物的进化取决于地球的环境条件。当我们挖掘地球的历史时，我们可以看到一些动物物种在很久很久以前便出现在地球上并繁衍至今。以
下列出了地球上四大最古老的动物物种。
1．How many eyes does a horseshoe crab have?
A．One.B．Two.
C．Seven. D．Nine.
D[细节理解题。根据Horseshoe Crab—445 million years old中“They have nine eyes in total...”可知马蹄蟹(horseshoe crab)有九只眼睛。]
2．What is the similarity between the nautilus and sponges?
A．Both have long tails.
B．Neither of them has a head.
C．Both can live in the deep sea only.
D．Both existed before dinosaurs appeared on Earth.
D[推理判断题。根据Nautilus—500 million years old中“That is long before dinosaurs appeared on Earth.”可知鹦鹉螺(nautilus)在恐龙出现在地球上之前就已经存在了。又根据Sponge—580 million years old可知海绵(sponge)先于鹦鹉螺出现在地球上。]
3．What do we know about jellyfish from the text?
A．They can be found in most rivers.
B．Their body is mostly water.
C．Their head looks like a plant.
D．They don't have arms or a head.
B[细节理解题。根据Jellyfish(水母)—550 million years old中“The 90 percent of their body weight is water.”可知水母(jellyfish)体内含有百分之九十的水分。]
B
Wildlife faces threats (威胁) from habitat destruction，
pollution，and other human actions.Although protecting wildlife
may seem too hard at times，even small actions in your own
neighborhood can help protect many different animals.Here are
some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.
1．Create wildlife friendly areas in your backyard.
When trying to make your garden more beautiful，you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife.This will also help cut down on pollution.And bird or bat houses to your yard or garden can attract and shelter these species.
2．Avoid harming the natural ecosystem (生态系统) in your area.
Some plants from other places can kill or harm native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.
3．Have a greener lifestyle.
By using less water and fewer fuels，you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you.Take buses or the subway when you can，turn off electric devices when you're not using them，take shorter showers，and keep your room temperature at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees during the winter.
4．Buy products that are wildlife friendly.
Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals.Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps，catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.
5．Donate money or time to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.
You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife species in your neighborhood.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是保护野生动物，从身边做起。
4．We can infer that the purpose of this passage is to ．
A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now
B．suggest that we protect wildlife through actions
C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think
D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions
D[写作目的题。根据第一段最后一句和下文的小标题可知D项正确。]
5．Which of the following threats to wildlife is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Animal diseases.B．Loss of habitat.
C．Pollution. D．Hunters.
A[细节理解题。根据文中的第一段第一句可知B、C两项提到了；D项是在第四条中第二句提到的。综观全文，只有A项没提到。]
6．What behaviour do you think the author can disagree with?
A．Planting right trees in gardens.
B．Buying an ivory vase for a gift.
C．Donating some money to WWF.
D．Reading books about wildlife.
B[细节理解题。比较选项，并结合常识可知B项就是作者所不能同意的。] 7．In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A．Environment. B．Teaching.
C．Business. D．Geography.
A[文章出处题。本文主要讲了野生动物保护的一些建议。这些建议与环境有关系。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You need to dress warmly when you play in the snow.And to get around in deep snow，you might need snowshoes.
Animals need winter coats and snowshoes too.
A musk ox (麝牛) wears two coats in winter. 1 It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry.The furry undercoat falls off each spring and the ox grows a new one every winter.
A snowshoe rabbit changes its coat to match the season. 2 In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.It even has fur on the bottoms of its feet.
3 A seal (海豹) has an extra layer under its fur coat too.This thick layer of fat lies under the seal's skin and is great at holding in heat，especially in the water.
The Arctic fox has fur on the bottoms of its feet and one of the warmest double coats of any animal.But on very cold and windy days，it adds something. 4
A polar bear's big feet act like snowshoes. 5 The bottom of each foot is
protected by fur and the fur helps the bear walk on the snowy ground.
A．It can run very quickly.
B．Do you wear a sweater under your coat?
C．They can move quickly across the snow.
D．The outer coat reaches almost to the ground.
E．It uses its thick tail like a scarf to cover its nose and face.
F．In summer its brown fur helps it hide among dirt and rocks.
G．They spread out the bear's weight so it can walk easily on the snow.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了动物如何抵御寒冷以及在冰天雪地里行走。
1．D[根据下一句“It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry.”可知，D项“外面的皮毛垂到地面”符合语境。D项中的outer coat 与下一句中的inner coat 相呼应。]
2．F[根据该空前的“changes its coat to match the season”和该空后的“In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.”可知，雪兔的皮毛为了和不同的季节保持协调而发生变化，因此F项介绍雪兔的皮毛在夏天时的情况符合语境。F项中的In summer和下一句中的In winter形成对比。]
3．B[根据该空后的“an extra layer under its fur coat too”可知，B项“你在外套里面穿毛衣吗？”符合语境。B项中的“a sweater under your coat”与下一句中的“an extra layer under its fur coat”相呼应。]
4．E[根据该空前的“it adds something”可知，北极狐的尾巴还可当作围巾使用，包裹鼻子和脸。]
5．G[根据该空前的“A polar bear's big feet act like snowshoes.”可知，北极熊宽大的脚可以分摊自身的重量并且保证它们在雪上轻松行走。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Animals can become endangered for a number of reasons，but many experts believe that loss of habitat is the main cause.Some animals are put 1.
danger when people take over their habitats.This often
2.(occur) because people want one or more of the resources (资源) in those areas.Some forests，for example，provide wood
3.
is used for things like paper and furniture，etc.Many trees 4.
(cut) down every day for such purposes but not enough are being planted.It has seriously decreased the population of many species.
In some cases，loss of habitat arises from forest fires or flooding of land.Environmentalists and zoologists are 5.(frequent) trying to do what they can to prevent the number of populations from 6.
(drop) too seriously.
Sometimes，people influence nature，indirectly causing the animals 7.
(lose) their habitats.Experts believe the problem is becoming much 8.(bad) because of the emission (排放) of greenhouse gases.They don't know 9.
much influence people have，however.The greenhouse effect can also influence weather 10.
(pattern) that affect animals.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了动物面临灭绝的原因。
1．in[in danger意为“在危险中”。]
2．occurs[设空处表示现阶段经常性的动作，应用一般现在时，且主语为This，故填occurs。]
3．that/which [设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wood且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
4．are being cut[trees 与cut 之间是被动关系，且由but后内容可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，故填are being cut。]
5．frequently[设空处修饰谓语，故填副词frequently。]
6．dropping[prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。]
7．to lose[cause sb./sth.to do sth.意为“造成/引起某人/某物做某事”。] 8．worse[设空处所在句的句意为“专家认为因为温室气体的排放，这个问题变得更糟糕”，故填worse。]
9．how[设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中修饰much，故填how。]
10．patterns[that引导定语从句，谓语动词为affect，因此先行词应为复数形式。]