Book 5 Unit 5 First aid
学案一（词汇课）
日期__________________________ 学案数______________________
课时__________________________ 课型________________________
教学目标
知识目标：掌握以下重点词汇及短语的意思及用法。
能力目标：1.在具体语境中识别和运用重点词汇及短语。
2. 能够用重点词汇及短语造简单的句子。
情感目标：学生在词汇的理解、记忆、学习过程中，培养他们的合作学习能力
教学重难点
重点：学生能在具体的语境中识别和运用重点词汇及短语。
难点：学生可以使用重点词汇造句。
1．_________ n．&vt. 援助；资助；救助
__________________ 急救
give/do/offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救
with the aid/help/assistance of... 在……的帮助下
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in/with... 为/用……帮助某人
[即学即练1](1) They ______ the poor country ______ money.他们用钱帮助那个穷国。
(2)His workmates ______ him ____________ the difficulty.他的工友们帮助他克服了困难。
2．_____________ v．(使)膨胀；增长(_________, ___________)n．涌浪；海浪的涌动___________ adj.肿胀的
swell(sth.) into/to sth.(使某物)膨胀，肿胀，增强，增多
swell(sth.) with pride/anger etc.洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等
[即学即练2](1)A small business ____________ a big company.小商店发展成大公司。
(2)Her heart __________________ as she watched her son receiving his award.看着儿子领奖时，她心中充满了自豪。
3．____________ vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨
_____________________ 榨出；挤出
squeeze...out of/from...把……从……中榨出来
squeeze into/through...挤进……
[即学即练3](1)Must you _________ the toothpaste tube in the middle？你非得从中间挤牙膏吗？
(2)Try to ________ a bit more ____________ the tube.尽量从管里再挤出一点儿。
(3)Five of us ____________ the back seat of the car.我们中有5个人挤进了汽车的后座。
4．treat vt. __________________ n．_______________
treat...as/like 把……当做treat sb./oneself(to sth.)请客吃……
be one’s treat由/该某人请客
It’s my treat ___________________
[即学即练4](1)They ______ me ______ one of the family, which was very kind of them.他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。
(2)He is seriously ill, and __________________in hospital now.他病得很重，现在在医院接受治疗。
(3)We’ll ______ you ______ dinner.我们请你吃饭。
(4)__________________. What would you like to eat?我请客，你们想吃什么？
5．_________ vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
apply to适用于
apply...to...把……应用到
apply to sb. for...向某人申请……
apply oneself to(doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事
[即学即练5](1)What you said doesn’t ____________ me.你所说的并不适合我。
(2)He __________________ learning English.他专心学英语。
6．_______________ 生病
fall __________ 睡着，入睡
fall __________ (竞赛等)落在(对方)后面；输给别人
fall apart 土崩瓦解；(关系)崩裂，崩溃
fall __________ 从……落下；倒下；跌倒；(建筑物等)倒塌；(计划等)失败
fall __________ 下降；跌落
fall over 跌倒
[即学即练6](1)Caught in a heavy rain, he ____________ and died.淋了大雨，他生了一场病就死了。
(2)Work hard, or we will ____________.努力学习，否则我们就会落后。
(3)He ____________ his bike while riding.他骑车时从自行车上摔了下来。
7．____________ 在适当的位置；适当
out of place ___________________
in the first place ________________
in the next place ____________________
in place of..._________________
take the place of... ____________________
take one‘s place _____________________
take place _______________
give place to __________________
[即学即练7](1) Her dress was quite ____________ at the ceremony.在那个典礼上她的服装非常得体。
(2)I felt completely __________________ among all those smart rich people.在那些衣冠楚楚的富人中间，我觉得自己完全格格不入。
(3)__________________ for the next dance.各就各位，准备跳下一个舞。
8．put one’s hands on＝lay/get one’s hands on ________________
______________ 在手边；即将来到
______________ 用手做，靠手工
from hand to hand 从一人手中传到另一人手中
_____________________ 手拉手，共同地
_____________________ 在手里；在掌握中，在控制下
_____________________ 携手，联手
_____________________ , _____________________ 一方面……，另一方面……
_____________________ 无法控制
[即学即练8](1)I‘ll bring some tapes if I can ________________________ them.如果找得到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。
(2)________________________，I want to sell the house, but ________________________ I can’t bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
(3)Don‘t worry—all the arrangements are ____________.别担心，一切都安排好了。
(4)He believes that the great day is ____________.他相信这个伟大的日子就要来到了。
9．make a difference_________________________
make no difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物没有作用或影响，对某人/物不重要/不要紧
make some difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物有些作用或影响
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
[即学即练9]
(1)It _______________________ which way he goes.他走哪条路会有很大不同。
(2)Whether he will come _________________.他是否来无关紧要。
(3)The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to __________________.这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分出谁是谁。
10. injury/wound/hurt/damage/harm
(1)injury指平时的大、小创伤或伤害，也可用于无生命物。
(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。
(3)hurt尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。
(4)damage指损失、损害(不表示伤痛)，主要用于物。
(5)harm指精神和肉体上的极大损害，不但可用于生物也可用于抽象事物。
[应用1](1)Too much drinking will do you great ______/do great ______ to you.过量饮酒有害。
(2)He got an ______ in the accident.他在事故中受伤。
(3)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most ______.在加利福尼亚大地震中，火灾造成的损失最大。
(4)The soldier had a ______ in his chest.这位战士胸部受伤。
(5)My sympathy eased his ______.我的同情减轻了他的痛苦。
11. a number of/the number of
同：两者均修饰可数名词复数。
异：a number of是指“大量的”，后面的谓语动词是复数形式。the number of是指“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词是单数形式。
[应用2](1)_________________ students in my class is 56.
(2)________________ our classmates love English.
12. vital adj. __________________
be vital for / to sth. ________________
It is vital that … that 从句的位于常用虚拟语气，即(should+)V原
[即学即练12]
(1)Regular exercise ____________________ your health. 经常锻炼对你的健康是至关重要的。
(2)_________________________ show that he was not afraid. 最重要的是要表现出他毫无畏惧。
Book 5 Unit 5 First aid
学案二（语法课）Ellipsis
日期__________________________ 学案数______________________
课时__________________________ 课型________________________
教学目标
知识目标：Learn and master the grammar: Ellipsis.
能力目标：Enable the students to master the grammar well.
情感目标：Stimulate their interest in grammar learning.
教学重难点
重难点：Learn and master the grammar: Ellipsis.
Grammar: Ellipsis
一、定义：
为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不引起误解的情况下，将一个句子中的一个或多个成分省去，这样的句子叫做省略句。这种语法现象称为“省略”。
二、省略的类别及规则：
★简单句中的省略：根据表达的需要，简单句中常省略主语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾语、表语等，有时甚至同时省略若干成分。如：(1) (You come) This way please.
(2) —Are you feeling better now?
—(I am feeling) Much better (now).
★并列句中的省略：在并列句中，后面的分句可以省略与前面的分句中相同的成分。如：
Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
★状语从句中的省略：在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的状语从句中，常常省略与主句相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词。如：
(1) When (it is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
(2) Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
★动词不定式中的省略：在同一句话或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to。如：
(1) —I will be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. I would be happy to. ★虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，如含有had, were, should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。如：Should it rain tomorrow, you would have to put off your tour.
★宾语从句中的省略：①在宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。②由which, when, where, how和why 引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：
(1) He told me he was ill and that he couldn’t go to work the next day.
(2) I know that the NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when.
★★★注意：
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定
式省略to。
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
(1) We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.我们昨天只是仅仅呆在家里看电视了。
(2) Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry. 听到这个消息，她禁不住哭了。
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, （但是我不想去）but I didn’t want to.
★★★某些介词的省略：
1. spend time/money (in) doing sth
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
be busy/engaged (in) doing sth.
2. 表示时间的介词on, in, at用在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
We have a final exam (in) this term.
课堂检测
用省略句完成下列句子：
1. _________ ______ （如果是这样的话）, let’s go and see him. If so
2. I will go to the park _________ _______ （如果要请我）。If invited
3. ______ ________ （如果有的话），there are few. If any
4. You should carry out the order __________ ______ （按照告诉你的）。as told
5. If _______ _____（认真做），the experiment is sure to succeed. carefully done
6. _________ ________ _______, I would not go there. 如果我是你，我就不去那。were I you
7. Work hard ________ _____ , or you will regret. 年轻时努力学习，不然你会后悔的。When young
8. ____ ___________ , you’d better not refer to your notebook. 除非有必要，你最好不要查看笔记本。
答案
1．aid n．&vt. 援助；资助；救助
first aid 急救
give/do/offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救
with the aid/help of... 在……的帮助下
without sb.‘s aid/help 没有某人的帮助
go to one’s aid/help 前去帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in/with... 为……帮助某人
[即学即练1](1)The organization offers economic____________ the Third World.这个组织给第三世界提供经济援助。
(2)Dictionaries are ___________________ learning languages.字典对于学习语言有很大的帮助。
(3)They ______ the poor country ______ money.他们用钱帮助那个穷国。
答案是：aid to;a great aid in;aided with
(4)His workmates ______ him ____________ the difficulty.他的工友们帮助他克服了困难。
答案是：aided;to overcome
2．swell v．(使)膨胀；增长(swelled, swollen)n．涌浪；海浪的涌动
swollen adj.肿胀的
swell(sth.) into/to sth.(使某物)膨胀，肿胀，增强，增多
swell(sth.) with pride/anger etc.洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等
[即学即练2](1)Her face ______ (______) with toothache./Her face ____________ (______) with toothache.她的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。
(2)A small business ____________ a big company.小商店发展成大公司。
(3)Her heart __________________ as she watched her son receiving his award.看着儿子领奖时，她心中充满了自豪。
答案是：swelled up was swollen up；swelled into;swelled with pride
3．squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨
squeeze out榨出；挤出
squeeze...out of/from...把……从……中榨出来
squeeze into/through...挤进……
[即学即练3](1)Must you _________ the toothpaste tube in the middle？你非得从中间挤牙膏吗？
(2)Try to ________ a bit more ____________ the tube.尽量从管里再挤出一点儿。
(3)Five of us ____________ the back seat of the car.我们中有5个人挤进了汽车的后座。
答案是：squeeze;squeeze;out of;squeezed into
4．treat vt. 治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待
treat...as/like把……当做treat sb./oneself(to sth.)请客吃……
be one’s treat由/该某人请客
[即学即练4](1)They ______ me ______ one of the family, which was very kind of them.他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。
(2)He is seriously ill, and __________________in hospital now.他病得很重，现在在医院接受治疗。
(3)We’ll ______ you ______ dinner.我们请你吃饭。
(4)__________________. What would you like to eat?我请客，你们想吃什么？
答案是：treated as；is being treated ;treat to;It’s my treat
5．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
apply to适用于
apply...to...把……应用到
apply to sb. for...向某人申请……
apply oneself to(doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事
[即学即练5](1)What you said doesn’t ____________ me.你所说的并不适合我。
(2)You can’t ______ this rule ______ every case.这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况。
(3)She ____________ a job ______ an English teacher.她应征英语教师的工作。
(4)We had to ____________ the government ______ financial help.我们只好向政府申请财务援助。
答案是：apply to;apply to;applied for as；apply to for
(5)He __________________ learning English.他专心学英语。
答案是：applied himself to
6．fall ill生病
fall asleep 睡着，入睡
fall behind (竞赛等)落在(对方)后面；输给别人
fall apart 土崩瓦解；(关系)崩裂，崩溃
fall down 从……落下；倒下；跌倒；(建筑物等)倒塌；(计划等)失败
fall off 下降；跌落
fall over 跌倒
[即学即练6](1)Caught in a heavy rain, he ____________ and died.淋了大雨，他生了一场病就死了。
(2)Work hard, or we will ____________.努力学习，否则我们就会落后。
(3)He ____________ his bike while riding.他骑车时从自行车上摔了下来。
答案是：fell ill;fall behind;fell off
7．in place 在适当的位置；适当
out of place 不在适当的位置；不恰当
in the first place 首先，第一
in the next place 其次，第二点
in place of... 代替……
take the place of... 代替，取代
take one‘s place 代替某人；就座
take place 发生，举行
give place to 让位于，为……取代
[即学即练7](1)She likes everything to be ____________ before she starts work.她喜欢东西都摆好再开始工作。
(2)Her dress was quite ____________ at the ceremony.在那个典礼上她的服装非常得体。
(3)I felt completely __________________ among all those smart rich people.在那些衣冠楚楚的富人中间，我觉得自己完全格格不入。
(4)__________________ for the next dance.各就各位，准备跳下一个舞。
答案是：in place;in place;out of place；Take your places
8．put one‘s hands on＝lay/get one’s hands on 找到，得到
at hand 在手边；即将来到
by hand 用手做，靠手工
from hand to hand 从一人手中传到另一人手中
hand in hand 手拉手，共同地
in hand 在手里；在掌握中，在控制下
join hands 携手，联手
on the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面……，另一方面……
out of hand 无法控制
[即学即练8](1)I‘ll bring some tapes if I can ________________________ them.如果找得到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。
(2)________________________，I want to sell the house, but ________________________ I can’t bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
(3)Don‘t worry—all the arrangements are ____________.别担心，一切都安排好了。
答案是：lay my hands on;On the one hand;on the other hand;in hand
(4)He believes that the great day is ____________.他相信这个伟大的日子就要来到了。
答案是：at hand
9．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
make no difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物没有作用或影响，对某人/物不重要/不要紧
make some difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/物有些作用或影响
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
[即学即练9](1)It _______________________ which way he goes.他走哪条路会有很大不同。
(2)Whether he will come _________________.他是否来无关紧要。
(3)The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to __________________.这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分出谁是谁。
答案是：makes a great difference；makes no difference;tell the difference
易错点拨
自我完善?误区备考
1. injury/wound/hurt/damage/harm
(1)injury指平时的大、小创伤或伤害，也可用于无生命物。(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。
(3)hurt尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。
(4)damage指损失、损害(不表示伤痛)，主要用于物。
(5)harm指精神和肉体上的极大损害，不但可用于生物也可用于抽象事物。
[应用1](1)Too much drinking will do you great ______/do great ______ to you.过量饮酒有害。
(2)He got an ______ in the accident.他在事故中受伤。
(3)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most ______.在加利福尼亚大地震中，火灾造成的损失最大。
答案是：harm harm;injury;damage
(4)The soldier had a ______ in his chest.这位战士胸部受伤。
(5)My sympathy eased his ______.我的同情减轻了他的痛苦。
答案是：wound；hurt
2. a number of/the number of
同：两者均修饰可数名词复数。
异：a number of是指“大量的”，后面的谓语动词是复数形式。the number of是指“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词是单数形式。
[应用2](1)_________________ students in my class is 56.
(2)________________ our classmates love English.
答案是：The number of;A number of
教材练习答案及听力原文 Unit 1 WARMING UP ?Answers: 1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-21 2 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object. 2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of ar gument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still accepted today. 3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive). 5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. 6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.
Unit5 First aid-词汇篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。 2.掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作和翻译。 重点单词讲解： 1.aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助 with the aid of 在…的帮助下，在…援助下 observe the moon with the aid of a telescope通过望远镜观察月球 in aid of 用以援助…;作为援助…之用,作为对…的帮助 例： What is the money in aid of? 这钱用来做什么的？ They gave a show in aid of charity。 他们为筹善款举行了义演。 He asked her what her crying was in aid of.他问她为什么哭。 give aid to 给…予帮助 give aid to developing countries 援助发展中的国家 first-aid the wounded 救护伤员 Rich countries should more developing countries. 富有的国家应对开发中的国家多予援助。 first aid 急救；急救护理, 救护站 aid in vt. 帮助；帮助（在...给予帮助） I aid him the matter. 我在这事上助他。 first aid（对伤患者的）急救 2.temporary adj.时暂时的；临时的 temporary storage 暂时存储器；暂时库容；中间存储器 temporary work 临时工作；临时工程 temporary shelter 临时避难所；临时收容中心；临时安置所；临时庇护站 temporary construction 临时建筑工程；临时结构，临时构筑物 temporary job 临时性工作 3.fall ill 生病 4.injury n.损伤；伤害 brain injury [医]脑损伤 personal injury 人身伤害 serious injury 重伤；严重损害
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c13892069.html,pare A with B 与…比
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
Unit 1 语法重点 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ①动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ②为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后 面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ①表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ②表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有 “意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因 She seemed surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
Book5Unit 5词汇梳理导学案 1.aid n. & vt. 帮助；援助；资助→___________________（对伤患者的）急救 2.temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的→a temporary agreement___________________ 3.injure v. 伤害→___________________ n. 损伤；伤害→get injured___________________ blood n.血→_____________ vi. & vt. (_________,______)流血→violent and bloody ______ △sprain vt. 扭伤→___________________ adj. 扭伤的 choke vi. & vt. （使）噎住；（使）窒息→get chocked___________________ board n. 板，甲板→__________ n. 橱柜；衣柜→a skeleton in the cupboard__________ skin n. 皮；皮肤→He skinned his knee. 猜词义___________________ △essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的→pack a few essentials______ organic adj. 有机的→ ___________________ n. 器官 lay v.放置，安放→ ___________________ n. 层；层次→ozone layer 臭氧层 bar n. 木棒，酒吧→ ___________________ n. 屏障；障碍（物） poisonous adj. 有毒的→ ___________________ n. 毒药；毒害vt. 毒害；使中毒 ray n. 光线；射线→ ___________________ n. 辐射；射线 Complicated adj.复杂难懂的；结构复杂的→ ___________________ adj. 复杂的vary v. 变化→ _________ adj. 多样的→ __________ n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性） solid n. 固体→ gas n.气体→ ___________________ n. 液体 mild adj. 轻微的；温和的；温柔的→ ___________________ adv. 轻微地；温和地 tissue n. （生物）组织；薄的织物；手巾纸→a piece of facial tissue___________________ swell vi. & vt. (swelled, swollen)（使）膨胀；隆起→ _____________adj. 肿胀的 nervous adj. 紧张的→ ________________ n. 神经；胆量→man of nerve有胆量的人 scissors n. (pl.) 剪刀常用复数的名词clothes 衣服valuables 贵重物品savings 储蓄earnings 所得doings 行为arms 武器fireworks 烟花remains 残留物outskirts 市郊annals 年报 bear v. 容忍→ _______________adj. 难以忍受的；不能容忍的 basin n. 盆；盆地→the Yellow River basin 黄河流域 band n. 乐队；带子，箍vt.绑扎→ __________ n. 绷带→bandage up his injured head______ infect v传染，感染→ _____________ n. 传染；传染病；感染→ an infectious disease________ symptom n. 症状；征兆→symptomless carriers of the disease ________________
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看
Module 1 British and American English Words, words, words British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or ca b (American). Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon!). Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. Turn on the TV Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many "Englishes", not just two main varieties. But the message is "Don't worry." Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.