被动语态巩固（翻译专练）
?了解汉英被动表达的差异
初中生学习英语被动语态最易出现的错误是，在很多该用被动语态的地方没有用。比如学生经常说出这样的句子：The classroom has cleaned. 这是因为汉语被字句的使用频率很低，学生习惯于“教室打扫干净了”等无形式标记被动句的表达法，对译成英语，也就忘了该用被动语态。深一层的原因是汉语史上被字句一般用来表示不愉快或遗憾的事情。比如人们一般问：“ 教师表扬（你）了没有？”而不大说：“你被老师表扬了没有？”一般说：“（我）又被老师批评了。”而不大说：“老师又批评我了。”（这句话的意思似乎是老师批评得不合适。）再如：“蛋糕被猫吃掉了。”（隐含义是蛋糕本来是我们要吃的。）当然，随着本世纪以来汉语欧化句式的大量涌现，被字句的使用频率大大增加，许多场合的被字句也并不表示不愉快，“我被老师表扬了。”一类句子也到处使用。但与英语相比，汉语中的被字句出现频率仍低了很多。另一方面，汉语中存在的大量无形式标记被动句，如果译成英语则必须用被动语态，但学生往往忘了使用被动语态，这是初中学生学习英语被动句时最易出现的错误。比如“信写完了”常被译成“The letter has written.”。对此，必须设计具体的语境，通过大量的英汉对比翻译，反复操练，才能加深理解。
①教室打扫干净了。The classroom has been cleaned.
②树种好了。The trees have been planted.
③杯子打破了。The cup was broken.
④汽车撞坏了。The car was broken.
⑤书他拿走了。The book has been taken away by him.
汉语中有的被动句的形式标记不是“被”字，而是“让”、“给”、“叫”、“受”、“遭”、“为…所…”、“挨”、“由”、“使”、“把”、“得到”、“获”、“予以”、“加以”、“经过”、等。
①那只狗叫他们给杀了。The dog was killed by them.
②小偷让警察抓去了。The thief was captured by a policeman.
③鞋子给扔了。The shoes have been thrown away.
④他遭了父亲一顿打。He was beaten by his father.
⑤我们为那部电影所感动。We were moved by that film.
⑥许多房屋在地震中遭到了破坏。A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake.
⑦我所有的积蓄都给偷走了。All the money I had saved was stolen.
⑧庄稼让洪水冲毁了。The crops were washed away by the flood.
英语被动句译为不带被动标志性词语但包含被动
许多汉语句子不带表被动意义的标志性词语，看上去好像是主动句，但实际上包含被动意义，这样的汉语句子的被动意义是通过其主谓成分表达的逻辑意义关系来确定的。
①罗杰，你有电话。Roger, you are wanted on the phone.
②他的腿在一次事故中折断了。His leg was broken in an accident.
③人民大会堂是在1959年建造的。The Great Hall of the People was built in 1959.
④印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛，尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随处可见，这是因为：（1）被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，更注重客观事实；（2）被动结构更能突出主要特征，说明对象，引人注目；（3）在很多情况下被动结构比主动结构更简短。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，被动语态的结构是主语+be+过去分词，其中be 动词体现时态，过去分词done体现被动。下面以动词do为例，总结出各种时态的被动语态。
1.一般现在时：am ( is, are ) + done.
主动语态：We clean the classroom.（我们打扫教室。）
被动语态：The classroom is cleaned by us.（教室被我们打扫。）
2.一般过去时：was ( were ) + done
主动语态：We cleaned the classroom last night.（我们昨晚打扫了教室。）
被动语态：The classroom was cleaned by us last night. （昨晚教室被我们打扫了。）
3.一般将来时：will ( shall / be going to ) be + done
主动语态：We will clean the classroom tomorrow.（我们明天将打扫教室。）
被动语态：The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow.（明天教室将被我们打扫。）
4.现在进行时：am ( is, are ) being + done
主动语态：We are cleaning the classroom.( 我们正在打扫教室。)
被动语态：The classroom is being cleaned by us. ( 教室正被我们打扫。)
5.过去进行时：was ( were ) being + done
主动语态：We were cleaning the classroom at this moment last night.
( 昨晚这个时候我们正在打扫教室。)
被动语态：The classroom was being cleaned by us at this moment last night.
( 昨晚这个时候教室正在被我们打扫。)
6.现在完成时：have ( has ) been + done
主动语态：We have cleaned the classroom.( 我们已经打扫了教室。)
被动语态：The classroom has been cleaned by us. ( 教室已经被我们打扫了。)
7.带情态动词的被动语态：
must ( can, may, should, need, would ) be + done
主动语态：We must clean the classroom. ( 我们必须打扫教室。)
被动语态：The classroom must be cleaned by us.( 教室必须被我们打扫。
?被动语态句子翻译专练
?一般现在时
①Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。）
②The jacket was made of cotton. ( 这件夹克衫是棉做的。)
③Yang Liping is know as a great dancer.( 杨丽萍是公认的出色的舞蹈家.)
④English is spoken in many countries all over the world. （世界上许多国家都讲英文。）
⑤School meeting is held every Monday. 每周一都举行校会。
⑥What is this flower called? ( 这种花叫什么花？)
⑦You are wanted on the phone. ( 有你的电话。)
⑧ A color TV is sold at the shop.( 这家商店卖彩电。)
⑨He is often laughed at by his classmates．（他经常被同学嘲笑。）
⑩If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
( 如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。)
?一般过去时
①The house was built in 1950. （这座房是1950年建成的。）
②The radio was turned off just now. ( 收音机刚才关掉了。)
③He was seen to play with fire.（有人看见他玩火了。）
④The cup was broken by David yesterday.（这个杯子昨天被大维打烂了。）
⑤The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.（工人们被迫每天工作12小时。）
⑥Those books were written by a 10-year-old girl.（那些书是由一个10岁大的女孩所写的。）
⑦He was born in 1986. （他生于1986年。）
⑧This kind of CD was sold out yesterday.（这种光盘昨天卖光了。）
⑨He was seen to push a bike out of the house.
（有人看见他推了一辆自行车从那幢房子里走出来。）
⑩The old woman’s body was found at the end of the street.（老妇人的尸体在街的尽头发现了。
?现在进行时
①The computer is being mended. （那台电脑正在被修理。）
②The children are being taken good care of. （孩子们正受到良好的照顾。）
③This film is being shown now.( 这部电影正在被放映。)
④Mary is being interviewed now. （玛丽现正接受采访。）
⑤The problem is being discussed at the meeting. （这个问题正在会上讨论。）
⑥The telephone is being used now. （电话正在使用中。）
⑦The report is being written by one of the best students.( 报告正在由一个最好的学生写着呢。)
⑧Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
⑨（最近正在进行许多有趣的实验。）
⑩That bridge is being built, I can't stand the noise.( 那座桥正在被建，我受不了这噪音。)
?一般将来时
①Another book will be published next month. （下个月另一本书将问世。）
②Today’s work is going to be well done. （今天的工作将被很好地完成。）
③The sports meeting will be held on Wednesday afternoon.（校运会将在下周三下午举行。）
④When and where wll the meeting be held?（这个会议将会在什么时候、哪里举行呢？）
⑤What will be done next? （接下来要做什么？）
⑥ A new school is going to be built in the poor village.
（一所学校将被建在这个贫穷的村子里。）
⑦Are these trees going to be cut down？( 这些树将被砍倒吗？)
⑧We shall be punished if we break the rule.( 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。)
⑨If you park your car here, you will be fined. （如果你将车停在这儿，你将被罚款。）
⑩ A friend without faults will never be found. （没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。）
?现在完成时
①The book has been translated into many languages. （这本书已被译成多国语言。）
②Has the sports meet been put off until next Friday? （运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？）
③The recorder has been repaired several times. ( 这台录音机已经修理过好几次了。)
④ A doctor has been sent for. （已经派人去请医生了。）
⑤Tom’s novel has not been published. ( 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。)
⑥These flowers have been watered. ( 这些花已被浇水了。)
⑦The battery hasn’t been charged for a couple of months. ( 电池好几个月没充电了。)
⑧The dirty clothes have been wasked. （脏衣服都已经洗了。）
⑨I’l l come to see you when my homework has been finished.
（等我的家庭作业做完，我就会去拜访你。）
?I will invite you here as soon as this bridge has been built.
( 这座桥一被建好，我就邀请你到这儿来。)
?带情态动词
①The room must be cleaned every day. ( 房间必须每天都打扫。)
②Our homework should be handed in on time. ( 作业应该准时上交。)
③It must be done at once. （这件事必须立即做。）
④Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）
⑤Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away.
（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）
⑥Can this bike be mended? ( 这辆自行车能修吗？)
⑦Children should be taught to tell the truth. ( 应该教孩子们讲真话。)
⑧Many trees should be planted on the mountains. ( 应该在山上种许多树。)
⑨Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends. ( 应该允许青少年和朋友外出。) ⑩Waste paper should not be thrown here.( 废纸不应该扔在这里。)
?固定句式
①It is suggested that each speaker is allowed five minutes. ( 建议每位发言者讲话五分钟。)
②It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this accident.
( 据报道，这次事故中大约有三百人死亡。)
③It's known that Britain is an island country. ( 众所周知，英国是一个岛国。)
④It is believed that health is above wealth. （一般人都相信健康重于财富。）
⑤It is said that he comes from China. （据说他来自中国。）
?主动形式表被动
⑴一些表示感受、感官的连系动词,如：look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等主语是物时。
①The building looks very beautiful. （这座建筑看上去很美。）
②Her voice sounds quite sweet.( 她的声音听起来非常甜美。)
③This shirt feels much softer than that one.（这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。）
④That book smells old.（那本书有一股霉味。）
⑤These oranges taste nice.（这些橙子味道很好。）
⑵表示主语有内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，常见的这类动词有open, close, shut, read, write, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, drink, etc.
①His novel sells well. ( 他的小说很畅销。)
②His pen writes smoothly.（这支钢笔很好写。）
③This poem reads well. （这首诗读来顺口。）
④His voice records well. 他的声音录下来很好听。）
⑤The cloth washes well. （这布很耐洗。）
⑥This shirt will wear very long. （这衬衫很耐穿。）
⑦The window won’t open. ( 这窗户开不了。)
⑧The door won’t lock. （这门锁不上。）
⑨The door blew open. ( 门被风吹开了。)
⑩The car drive easily.（这车很容易开。）
⑶表（sth.）需要的need ,want, require等后的V-ing 用主动形式表被动含义。
①The room needs /wants / requires cleaning. ( 这房间需要清洁。)
⑷be worth后的V-ing主动形式表被动含义。
①The book is worth reading. ( 这本书值得读。)
?以下动词（或动词短语）无被动语态：
happen(发生), belong to(属于), break out(爆发), appear(出现), come true(实现),disappear(消失),last(持续),spread（传播）等
①The accident happened last week. （这个事故发生在上周。）
② All your dreams will come true if you try your best. （如果竭尽全力，你一定会实现梦想的。）
③Flu usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
④Knowledge and ideas spread quickly.知识和想法传播得很快。
⑤Taiwan Island belongs to China.( 台湾属于中国。)
翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。 例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c12503370.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如： 1）The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）. 3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。 4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。例如： 1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2）Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如： 1）His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2）The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4．成汉语的无主句。例如： 1）Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。 2）After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如： 1）He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2）Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们（大家，我们）都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3）She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4）It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……；众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人（将）会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如： 1）A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2）I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天，我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题： ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )13.Older people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )14.Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened ()15.The strange thing was used ______ wine by ancient people. A.for drink B.to drink C.drinking D.drinked ()16.Today,too many trees are still _____ in the world. A.cutting down B.cut down C.being cut down D.cutted down ()17.English _____ in many countries, but Chinese _____ their own languages. A.is spoken,speak B.speaks,is spoken C.is spoken,speaken D.isspoken,is spoken ()18.These young trees must ______ after well. A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked ()19.The Oxford Castle _____ by Henry. It is in very good condition now. A.built B.was built C.has been built D.is built ()20.Keys are used for _____ doors. A.lock B.locked C.locking D.locks ()21.Sorry, all the vegetables ______. Please come tomorrow. A.sells well B.have sold out C.have been sold out D.are selling ()22.The man is badly hurt. He _____ to the hospital. A.has sent B.has been sent C.sent D.has sent for ()23.A big cinema ______ in our town next year. A.will build B.is built C.will be built D.has built ()24.This book _____ by a famous writer many years ago. A. writes B. is written C. was writen D. was written ()25.In China the money ______ to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in Spring Festival A.gives B.is given C.are given D.give 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 3.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far． https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c12503370.html,st year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 5. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 6. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 7. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9.-- What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? --They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well. 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
初中英语被动语态专项讲解 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。) 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词. Eg： A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this cit 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态
第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。如： （1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在 人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。） 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3）Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?
在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 （一）译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短） （二）译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“（遭）受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者) 三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。）Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。） （2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。） （3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时的被动语态: (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词. She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didn’t know that my watch had been mended . 9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. 五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态 1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。 例1. 主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries. 被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.. 例2. 主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year. 被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year. 2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。 例1. 主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态专练(简单)
被动语态练习 [各种时态的被动形式] (1) 一般现在时： am, is, are + done (2) 一般过去时： was, were + done (3) 情态动词： can/could/may/must/should be +done *(4) 一般将来时： will be/be going to be + done *(5) 进行时： am, is, are, was, were being + done *(6) 完成时： have/has been + done 一、用read的被动语态填空。 1. A book ______________ by Tom every week 2. A book ______________ by Tom last week. 3. A book ______________ by Tom next week. 4. A book ______________ by Tom for a week. 5. A book ______________ by Tom while we were visiting him. 6. A book might _________ by Tom. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Our TV set _____ yesterday. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. has been repaired D. repaired ( )2. A wonderful English talk _____ by Mr Liu tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given ( )3. Mr Li , you _____ on the phone. A. are wanted B. were wanted C. are being wanted D. will be wanted ( )4. This maths problem _____ out by little Tom. A. can be easily work B. can easily be worked C. can is easily worked D. can easily worked ( )5. The monkeys ______ to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may will sent C. may be sent D. is going to send ( )6. The baby ____ when Mother was out. A. looked after well B. was looked well C. is well looked after D. was well looked after ( )7. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _____ in our city. . A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up ( )8. People have come to know that their health must ______. A. pay more attention B. pay more attention to C. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to ( )9. The children ____ a beautiful picture by the teacher in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to ( )10. A beautiful picture ____ the children in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to
被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况： 一、译成汉语主动句。 1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。例如：Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国就武装起来了。 2．原句中的主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district．我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。 3．译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。 4．含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如：Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses．据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday．有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours．众所周知，自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有：it is said that... ／It is supposed that...／It must be pointed out that...／It is asserted that...／It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时，可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1．汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain，which caused severe flooding．华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击，引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2．译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫，十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete，and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述，英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句，只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯，又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时，既要注意语态转换的一般规则，也要注意其例外情况，有的被动语态形式已习语化了，更是不可忽视的。
被动语态练习 A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given )3. Mr Li , you on the phone. A. are wanted B. were wanted C. are being wanted D. will be wanted )4. This maths problem out by little Tom. A. can be easily work B. can easily be worked C. can is easily worked D. can easily worked )5. The monkeys to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may will sent C. may be sent D. is going to send )6. The baby when Mother was out. A. looked after well B. was looked well C. is well looked after D. was well looked after )7. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings in our city. A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up ［各种时态的被动形式］ (1) 一般现在时：am, is, are + done (2) 一般过去时：was, were + done (3)情态动词：can/could/may/must/should be +done *(4) 一般将来时:will be/be going to be + done *(5)进行时：am, is, are, was, were being + done *(6) 完成时：have/has been + done 1、用read的被动语态填空。 1. A book by Tom every week 2.A book by Tom last week. 3. A book by Tom next week. 4. A book by Tom for a week. 5. A book by Tom while we were visiting him. 6. A book might by Tom. .、单项选择。 ( )1. Our TV set yesterday. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. has been repaired D. repaired ( )2. A wonderful English talk by Mr Liu tomorrow. )8. People have come to know that their health must A. pay more attention B. pay more attention to C. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to )9. The children a beautiful picture by the teacher in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to )10. A beautiful picture the children in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to )11. Mr Brown take the medicine twice a day.
被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个 宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾 语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构 中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动 结构时，要加 to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态 ) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型