虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
@
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars (=if you had a million dollars)
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如果你有100万元，你会做什么
We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, …
= If it had not been for your help, …
= Had it not been for you help, …
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
~
④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)
⑤even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。
。
习题
1. If my lawyer＿＿＿here last Saturday, he＿＿＿me from going.
A.had been, would have prevented
B.had been, would prevent
C.were, would prevent
D.were, would have prevented
2. If it＿＿＿for the snow, we＿＿＿the mountain yesterday.
A.;
B.were not, could have climbed
C.were not, could climb
D.had not been, could have climbed
E.had not been, could climb
3. Without electricity(电) human life＿＿＿quite difficult today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting, if she＿＿＿, she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
—
5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it＿＿＿.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise he＿＿＿a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
7. ＿＿＿right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A.Would she leave
B.If she leaves
C.`
D.Were she to leave
E.If she had left
8. Had he worked harder, he＿＿＿the exam.
A.must have got through
B.would have got through
C.would get through
D.could get through
9. He must have had an accident, or he＿＿＿then.
A.、
B.would have been here
C.had to be here
D.should be here
E.would be here
10. ＿＿＿for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A.Not being
B.Had it not been
C.Without being
D.Not having been
!
11. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we＿＿＿him.
A.would have called
B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone
D.had telephoned
虚拟语气(1)复习题
…
＿＿＿you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given
B. might give
C. may have given
D. may give
2.＿＿＿for your laziness(懒惰), you could have finished the assignment(任务) by
now.
A. Had it not been
B. It were not
C. weren’t it
D. Had not it been
I hadn’t stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you fell, you ＿＿＿now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling
B. couldn’t have smiled
C. won’t smile
D. didn’t smile it ＿＿＿Professor Johnson’s recommendation(推荐), I wouldn’t have been admitted to the graduate school(研究生学院).
!
A. were not for
B. had not been for
C. were not
D. had it not been
we do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution ＿＿＿even more dangerous. A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have become
for the stormy weather, we ＿＿＿earlier.
A. should arrive
B. shall arrive
C. should have arrived
D. shall have arrived we ＿＿＿their terms(条款，条件), we would go bankrupt(破产).
A. accept
B. should accept
C. had accepted
D. are to accept
#
would never have gone to the hospital ＿＿＿that Tom would be there, too.
A. he did not know
B. if had he known
C. had he known
D. he would have known
he been more careful, he ＿＿＿that accident.
A. would avoid
B. would have avoided
C. avoided
D. should avoid
that he came to help me, I ＿＿＿there earlier.
A. could not arrive
B. could not have arrived
C. did not arrive
D. can not arrive
"
could look more attractive(有魅力的，吸引人的) but she ＿＿＿no attention to her clothes.
A. pays
B. was paying
C. paid
D. had paid
I ＿＿＿in his place, I would do that, too.
A. was
B. were
C. am
D. had been
虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、
命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为
练习题
insist that a doctor ＿＿＿immediately.
A. has been sent for
B. sends for
C. will be sent for
D. be sent for
…
manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿＿＿after 11:00 ..
A. not to play loud music
B. shouldn’t play loud music
C. don’t play loud music
D. couldn’t play loud music
’s uncle insists ＿＿＿in this hotel.
A. staying not
B. not to stay
C. that he would not stay
D. that he not stay was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿back before the headline(截止日期).
A. must be sent
B. would be sent
C. be sent
D. were sent
'
is necessary ＿＿＿the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return
B. that he returned
C. that he return
D. that he has to return
is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be
B. was
C. would be
D. be
is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not be played
C. not to play
D. did not play
are all for your proposal that the discussion ＿＿＿.
【
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put off
don’t think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom ＿＿＿to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned
B. will be assigned
C. be assigned
D. has been assigned
is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿back before the deadline(截止日期).
A. be sent
B. would be sent
C. were sent
D. must be sent
insisted that his father ＿＿＿with them.
A. go
B. will go
C. will be going
D. went
…
workers demanded() that their wages() ＿＿＿by 20 percent.
A. raised
B. raise
C. should have been raised
D. be raised
the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿over the river.
A. be built
B. must be built
C. was to be built
D. had to be built
练习题
wish I ＿＿＿you yesterday.
A. seen
B. did see
C. had seen
D. were to see
only he ＿＿＿quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. shouldn’t lie
I wish every family ＿＿＿a large house with a beautiful garden!
、
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ＿＿＿your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ＿＿＿there.
A. had been
B. has been
C. would have been
D. would be
wish I ＿＿＿longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. might have slept
D. have slept
…
wishes that he ＿＿＿business instead of history when he was in university.
A. had studied
B. study
C. studied
D. had been studying
’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿
A. we are going home
B. we go home
C. we went home
D. we can go home
9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angrily.
A. realized
B. have realized
C. realize
D. should realize
don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿on business first.
A. would go
B. will go
C. went
D. have gone
’d rather you ＿＿＿make any comment(评论) on the issue(问题) for the time being(目前)
A. don’t
B. wouldn’t
C. didn’t
D. shouldn’t
’t you rather your children ＿＿＿to bed early.
A. go
B. went
C. would go
D. does
manager(经理) would rather his daughter ＿＿＿in the same office.
A. had not worked
B. not to work
C. dose not work
D. did not work
only the committee(委员会) ＿＿＿the regulations(章程，规则，条例) and put them into effect(使生效) as soon as possible.
A. approve
B. will approve
C. can approve
D. would approve
am sure she would rather you ＿＿＿the bad news and ＿＿＿your sorrow(痛苦with her.
A. will tell; share
B. tell; share
C. has told; shared
D. had told; shared
is high time that you ＿＿＿a bath(洗澡，沐浴).
A. will take
B. took
C. had taken
D. would take
said that she would rather not ＿＿＿the problem in the presence(在场) of so many strangers(陌生人).
A. to discuss
B. discuss
C. discussing
D. discussion
would rather you ＿＿＿those important documents(文件) with you.
A. do not take
B. did not take
C. will not take
D. not take