(1) agrochemical 农业化学的
(2) cytotoxic 细胞毒素的
pharmacognosy
(6) fluidisation 流
态化 (7) periplasmic 原
生质外的cardiovascular
牛药学 心血管的
(4) toxicological
(9) hepatic 毒理学的
肝脏的 (5) bead (10) adaptability
珠子，水珠 适应性
二、Translate the following terms into
English (1)浓度
(6)杂质
生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试
学院: ____________________ 姓名: _______________________ 班级: _____________________ 学号: _______________________ 题序
—- 二 三 四 五 六 七 总分
一、Translate the following terms into Chinese
impurity
(7) 成分与性状
discrip tioii
(8) 药理作用 phamacological actions
(9) 气相色谱 gas chromatography
(10) 离子色谱ion chromatograph
concentrotion
(2) 中性
neutrali ty (3) 极易溶解
very soluble (4) 定量分析
quantitative analysis (5) 等当点
equivalent point 三、Word Building (答够十个得满分)
anti
antibioticantibiotic 抗生素；抗菌的 ant 讦oam 消泡齐U antitussive 止咳药
antihistaminic 抗组胺 剂 antineoplastic 抗月中瘤的 antidepressant 抗扌卬郁剂 antianginal 抗心绞痛 antibodv 抗体 an ticoagula nt 抗凝血齐 U an tifoaming^j 沫的 antifun gal 抗真菌 G 勺 anti ?in fectives 抗感染药物
antioxidant 抗氧剂 antithrombin 抗凝血酶an tit ode 解毒剂 等
(1) Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes,
inorganic and organic.
生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。
(2) Simply sated, no organism can survive without water. 简单的来说，没有水就没有生命。
(3) When inorganic salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) are dissolved in
water, they undergo dissociation, or ionization.
当无机盐如氯化钠(NaCl)溶于水时，会发生离解或离子化。
(4)Metformin is given by mouth, in an initial dosage of 500 mg three times daily or 850mg twice daily and should be taken with meals< 口服给予二甲双弧，初始剂量为500 mg,每日3次，每次850mg,每次两次，应随餐服用。
(5)The term pharmacognosy was first used between 1811 and 1815, and originally referred to ^materia medica v , the knowledge of drug materials or pharmacology.
术语“生药学” 一词在1811年至1815年间首次被使用，最初称为“药物”，药物材料或药理学知识。
五、Translate the following sentences into English
(1)称为酸碱的物质显示出相似的行为。
Substances cal led acids and bases show si milar behavior.
(2)每个水分子能和周围的水分子形成四个氢键。
Every water molecule is capable of forming four hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules.
(3)如今，二十一世纪初，世界各地药学学术部门的人员热情地追求牛药学教学
和研究
Today, at the beginning of the 21、century, pharmacognosy teaching and research is pursued enthusiastically by its disciples in academic departments of pharmacy all over the world.
(4)手术前2?3天应停止二甲双肌治疗。
When undergoing surgery, metformin therapy should be discontinued days before surgery.
（5）在检查实验中，对于具体尺寸或容器的类型或设备的规范性仅作为推荐使用。
A specifiedtion for a definite size or type of container or apparatus in a test of assay is given solely as a recommendation.
六、Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1.All living organisms require a wide variety of inorganic compounds for growth, repair, maintenance, and reproduction. Water is one of the most important, as well as one of the most abundant, of these compounds, and it is particularly vital to microorganisms. Outside the cell, nutrients are dissolved in water, which faci1itates their passage through passage through cel 1 membranes.
所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。
2.Water has struetural and chemical properties that make it particularly suitable for its role in living cells. As we discussed, the total charge on the water molecule is neutral, but the oxygen region of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen region has a slightly positive charge.
水具有结构和化学性质，使其特别适合其在活细胞中的作用。如我们所讨论的，水分子上的总电荷是中性的，但是分子的氧区具有轻微的负电荷，而氢区具有轻微的正电荷。
3.When inorganic salts such as sodium chloride （NaCl） are dissolved in water, they undergo dissociation, or ionization. That is , they break apart into ions. Substances called acids and bases show similar behavior. 当无机盐如氯化钠（NaCl）溶解在水中时，会发生离解或离子化。也就是说，它们分裂成离子。称为酸碱的物质显示出类似的行为。
4.Depending on the selectioii of the in~vitr（）and in-vivo bioassays used to monitor the crude extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates of a plant or other organism, natural products research can be focused on a particular type of disease. Thus, the fol lowing paragraphs wi11 summari ze some of the progress made recently on the di scovery of potential plant-
derived anti cancer agents and naturally occurring cancer chemopreventives in two separate multidisciplinary collaborative research projects at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
根据用于监测植物或其他牛物体的粗提取物，层析组分和纯分离物的体外和体内生物测定的选择，天然产物研究可以集中在特定类型的疾病上。因此，以下段落将总结近期在芝加哥伊利诺伊大学的两个独立的多学科合作研究项目中发现潜在的植物衍生抗癌剂和天然存在的癌症化学预防药物的一些进展。
5.In a recent review article, Tyler has outlined some of the scientific challenges that ensuring the safe and effective use of herbnl remedies will present the manufactures of these products, in terms of bioavailability, phytoequivalence, standardization and other quality control, and the performance of properly designed cl inical trails leading to the introduction of new phytomedicines. Tn the US, the passage of the Dietary Supplement
Health and Educatioii Act in 1994 led to the categorization of herbal medicines as "dietary suppiements" for
“ health maintenance" , and health food stores.
在最近的一篇综述文章中，泰勒概述了确保安全有效地使用草药的一些科学挑战, 将在牛物利用度，植物等效性，标准化和其他质量控制方面呈现这些产品的制造商，
以及正确的表现设计临床路径引入新的植物药物。在美国，1994年通过T “膳食补充剂健康与教育法”，将草药分类为“健康维护”的“膳食补充剂” 和保健食品商店。
七、Writing
翻译摘要（正确翻译五句话即得满分）：
Abstract：
The term pharmacognosy as a constituent scientific discipline of pharmacy has been in use for nearly 200 years, and it refers to studies on natural product drugs. During the last half of the 20 century, pharmacognosy evolved from being a descriptive botanical subject to one having a more chemical and bio logical focus. At the b eginning of the 21th century, pharmacognosy teaching in academic pharmacy institutions has been given new relevance, as a result of the explosive growth in the use of herbal remedies( phytomedicines) in modern pharmacy practice, particularly in western Europe and North America. In turn, pharmacognosy^ research areas are continuing to expand , and now
include aspects of cell and molecular biology in relation to natural products, ethnobotany and phytotherapy, in addition to the more traditional analytical method development and phytochemistry. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained in two multidisciplinary^ natural product drug discovery projects, aimed at the elucidation of new plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents and novel cancer chemopreventives, respectively. The systematic study of herbal remedies offers pharmacognosy groups an attractive new area of research, ranging from investigation the biologically active principles of phytomedicines and their mode of action and potential drug interactions, to quality control, and involvement in clinical trials.
摘要：
牛药学这个术语作为药学成分科学学科近200年来一直在使用，它是指对天然产物药物的研究。在20卅纪后半叶，生药学生药学从一个描述植物学的学科演变成一个多方面的有化学性的和生物性的学科。二十一世纪初，由于在现代药学实践中特别是西欧和北美地区使用草药(植物医药)的爆炸性增长，生药学教学在药剂学理论体系中被赋予了新的相关性。反过來，生药学研究领域正在持续的扩张，现在除了传统的分析方法开发和植物化学外，还包括与天然产物，民族植物学和植物疗法有关的细胞和分子生物学方面。本叙述中提供了两个多学科天然产物药物发现项目中获得的有希望的生物活性化合物的实例，旨在分别阐明新的植物衍生的癌症化学治疗剂和新的癌症化学预防药物。草药的系统研究为生药学组织提供了一个有吸引力的新的研究领域，从调查植物医学的生物活性原理及其作用模式和潜在的药物相互作用到质量控制和参与临床试验的变动。