虚拟语气
注意： (1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had you taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)
(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。
Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.
如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。
But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。
I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn't been 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们I would have gone there with them.)，busy that day
一起去那儿了。
1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice，he wouldn't have lost his job.
A．followed B．should follow
D．would follow
C．had followed
解析：句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。
答案： C
2．(2011·厦门市质量检查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I ________late yesterday.
—Don't mention it.
A．should be B．would be
C．will have been D．would have been
解析：考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词would＋完
成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。
答案： D
3．(2011·山东潍坊质检)________more careful，the mistake would not have been made. A．If he is B．Had he been
C．Should he be D．If he has been
解析：从主句中的would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句
谓语动词用had been 的形式，又因助动词为had时，可将if省掉，had提前，故B项正确。
答案： B
(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)＋动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand
要求，desire 渴望，mand 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，order 命令，remend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。
Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。
后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。(2)wish
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式或were
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形
I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我们一块去。
I wish she had taken my advice.
那时她要是听我的话就好了。
1.(2010·福建卷)Teachers remend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow B．do not allow
D．couldn't allow C．mustn't allow
解析：句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。remend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
答案： A
2．(2011·山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A．would be sent B．should send
C．be sent D．must be sent
解析：当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，mand等)后面接从句
时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用should＋do，should可以省略。order后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选C项。
答案： C
(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。
I'd rather we didn't go to see a film this evening.
我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。
(2)It is(high/about)time(that)．..句型中的虚拟语气
在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也
用“should＋动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。
It is time (that)we went home.我们该回家了。
(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气
在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could＋动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊！
1.(2010·合肥第三次教学检测)—Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.
—Well.________you hadn't wasted so much time playing online games.
A．As if B．Even if
D．Only if
C．If only
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：——爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。——哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在络游戏上就好了。if only(但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if好像，even if即使，only if只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。
答案： C
2. (2011·青岛一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad.
—I would rather you________at home.
A．go；stay B．went；stayed
D．went；stay
C．go；stayed
解析： suggest当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。would rather后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。答案： C
1．(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this puter program，a huge amount of time and energy________.
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考解析：
查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略if可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“would＋have＋过去分词”的结构，故答案为A项。
答案： A
2．(2010·陕西卷)If we________the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A．take B．had taken
C．took D．have taken
解析：句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故if从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
答案： B
3．(2010·北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables________.
A．wouldn't die B．didn't die
C．hadn't died D．wouldn't have died
解析：句意为：——现在天气变得又热又干。——是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中If引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D项。
答案： D
4．(2009·福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Writing petition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本项。B句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为
答案： B
5. (2009·浙江卷)The doctor remended that you________swim after eating a large meal.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
D．shouldn't C．needn't解析：句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。remend 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋do”，故选D。
答案： D
6. (2009·安徽卷)But for their help，we________the program in time.
A．can not finish B．will not finish
D．could not have finished
C．had not finished
解析：句意为：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。
答案： D
7. (2009·天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should
C．could D．might
解析：句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break
down/If it should break down。
答案： B
8. (2007·全国卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. A．If B．Since
D．When
C．Though
解析：考查与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。从句用if...had done，主句用．..would/could have done...。
答案： A
9. (2007·山东卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.
A．had got B．got
C．have got D．get
解析：本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。
答案： B
10. (2007·全国卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday. A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析：考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。
答案： D
)My suggestion is that you________much meat. (2011·天津质检．1shall not take B．A．wouldn't take ．won't have C．not have D的意思时，与其有关的从句就要用虚拟语”“suggestion 为建议解析：当suggest 或可以省略。”，should 气，即“should＋动词原形C
答案：more birds and ，安徽芜湖调研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and
cruel2．(2011·animals________dying out.
could have been avoided B ．ought to avoid A．might have avoided
D ．．Cshould have avoided
句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。解析：
avoid 。，主句用would/could/might have done从句用这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，had done 时没有被动语态。，其后接doing 避免“”D
答案：，please tell him I'm not free.．(2011·哈尔滨检测)________anyone call3Can ．B A．Must Should
MayC．．D本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第解析：
一个分句是省略了if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him I'm not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故D项正确。
答案： D
4．(2011·北京海淀期末)If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dressed，we
________there by now.
A．would be B．are
D ．had been
C．have been
解析：句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。
答案： A
5．(2011·北京海淀期末练习)—If you________to my birthday party last Saturday，you
would have met our old friend Jim.
—Oh，what a pity!
A．came B．had e
D．would have e
would e C．解析：从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应选B项。
答案： B
6．(2011·福建龙岩检测)—I didn't attend the lecture yesterday.
—I________，either，if my mother hadn't reminded me.
A．wouldn't B．wouldn't have
D．hadn't C．didn't解析：考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadn't reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldn't have 是I wouldn't have attended the lecture的省略)。
答案： B
7．(2010·南通二模)—How much of the foreign expert's speech have you understood?
—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.
A．worked B．had worked
D ．were working
．Cwould work
解析：考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。
答案： B
I________the first
，)Without the help of my English teacher皖南八校第二次联考(2010·．8．
prize in the English Speaking petition.
A．would win B．would have won
D．would not have won
C．would not win
解析：考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadn't
helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。
答案： D
9．(2011·长春第一次调研)It is required that the students______mobile phones in their
school，so seldom________them using one.
A．should not use；you will see
B．not use；will you see
C．mustn't use；will you see
D．not use；you will see
解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词或名词后面的从句中通常使用should do形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略。seldom是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。
答案： B
10. (2010·日照二模)“If I________taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman
now，”said the dying heroin addict.
A．didn't start B．haven't started
D．shouldn't start C．hadn't started
解析：考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。
答案： C
11. (2011·福建检测)—I didn't go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I________it.
A．wouldn't have missed B．wouldn't miss
D．didn't miss hadn't missed C．解析：考查虚拟语气。从句为过去完成时，所以主句用would have done结构。
答案： A
12. (2010·南通二模)—Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if...
—Forget it.I know you were out on business.
A．must e B．would e
would have e
．D must have e．C．
解析：考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟，if后面省略了过去完成时(补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have
done结构，因此选D项。
答案： D
13. (2010·合肥二模)—Did you make it at last?
—Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss.
A．would cause B．must have caused
D．may cause
C．would have caused
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你们最后成功了吗？——成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for...要不是……。
答案： C
14. (2011·潍坊一模)How I wish I________my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A．shut B．have shut
D ．would shut
．had shut C解析：该题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。
答案： C
15. (2011·东北三校联考)—Why do you look so upset?
—I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.
A．care B．cared
D ．had been cared
．Chad cared
解析：考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。
答案： C
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或 者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用 will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如 Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
【The Subjunctive Mood】 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或及事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句及非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 及现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might, could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 及过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
2020年高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解 语法讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类 l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2. 语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：we are not ready. 我们没准备好。what a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：open the door， please.请打开门。（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： if i were you， i should study english. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。may you succeed！祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如： if it doesn't rain tomorrow， we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： if he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注：主句中的should只用于i、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。 l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：if my brother were here， everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：if you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn't） have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。 3. 表示与将来事实可
高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见 句型 虚拟语气的用法归纳虚拟语气的三种时态 高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见句型。高中家教班老师整理出知识点，虚拟语气：什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、
order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟高中家教班老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)
主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
高中虚拟语气精讲 英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种 愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 ●虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 假如我有足够的钱, 我就去环游世界. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 假如我是你, 我就不会说那样的话. If I were you, I would not say that. 假如我听了你的建议, 我就不会犯错误了. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 假如明天下雪的话, 我就不去野营了. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go camping. ●有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个 主句或者一个条件从句。 ●假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致， 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间 而定。(“各归各”的原则） If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t fail the exam now. ●假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动 词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do? 没有阳光，人们的生活将于今天的截然不同。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不能完成那项工作。 But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. With favorable winds, we might have arrived there in two days. ●with, or, otherwise, but, however 引导的从句如与事实不符，用虚拟 My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。（虚拟） Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here. （非虚拟） I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.
㈠课程说明 教学目标： 虚拟语气是高考的重点，且难度较大。本次课程通过对虚拟语气知识点的复习讲解，总结概括，让学生知道虚拟语气是用来表示人的主观的愿望和假想，达到学生对知识点的熟练运用，在脑海中形成具有条理性的知识框架的目的。 教材分析： 虚拟语气是高考英语重点和难点，掌握好虚拟语气的重要性对每个参加高考的学生不言而喻。这次课程是高三第一轮复习时对虚拟语气的再次讲解和梳理，全部的知识都经过了高度的总结合概括，均是高考考点。 学生特征分析： 辅导的学生是高三年级，刻苦努力，理解能力较强，有一定的基础。基本知识掌握一般，且很多重要的知识点已经遗忘。 教学重点难点： 1、真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法。 2、虚拟语气用在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句中 的用法。 3、情态动词+ have + done的用法。 ㈡课前准备： 教学方法： 一对一辅导，面对面答疑，培养学生对英语的理解表达和思维的
能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）
高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
连云港育青外国语学校李老师谈英语中虚拟语气的用法 虚拟，在汉语中表示一种假设的，不存在的情况，同样，英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人 的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事 实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段，虚拟语气一般用于下列情况： 一、条件状语从句 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实上我不可能是你） If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。 (事实上我不知道) 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+had done ，主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done，例如： If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 3、与将来事实相反 从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do 例如：If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他 谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点： 一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测； 二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”（ 表示可能性极小， 表示与将来事实相反的假设)； 常译为“万一”） 或“were to+动词原形”（ 三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如： I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。 If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 二、wish 后宾语从句 1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。例如： I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) 2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done 例如： I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道） 3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would（情态动词）+ 动词原形 I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有 这样的机会了） 常见考法