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制鞋企业常用词汇中英文对照表（一）制鞋名称VARIOUS NAMES OF MAKING SHOES项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01领料Receive material02核对确认材料Confirm material03入库Put in storage04发料Send material05裁断Cutting06配对In pairs07底部Sole making08面部Upper09划线Drawing line10烫金stamping11印刷Printing12接合位削薄Skiving13鞋垫印刷Insole printing14贴腰垫Arch laying15贴号码Size laying16包中底Insole wrapping17削薄前衬Skiving toe sheet18后跟反接Quarter forming19削薄后衬Skiving back sheet20万能针车Zig zag stitching21贴合补强Reinforcing22车装饰片Strap stitching23后接片车缝Quarter stitching24滚边Binding25折边Folding26鞋头整平Toe skiving27压花Embossing28接前接片Upper forming29车眼套Eyestay stitching30修边Trimming31修内里Lining trimming32冲孔Punching33打鞋眼Eyelets punching34鞋舌滚边Tongue binding36车鞋舌套带Tongue tags stitching 35车舌标Tongue labelstitching37接鞋舌Tongue stitching38除线头Remove loose thread 39检查Inspecting40放楦头Lasting41固定中底Insole staple on last42入前衬Toe box laying43入后衬Counter laying44后跟定型Quarter fixing45后跟打钉Quarter staple46鞋头定型Toe fixing47刷胶Cementing48烤箱Heating machine49前帮Toe lasting50腰带Foreport lasting51后帮Counter lasting52拔钉Pull out staple53磨底Sole polishing54打粗(面、底)Rough(upper,bottom) 55处理药水primer56加硫heating57贴底Sole attaching58填料（填腹）Foxing59压底Sole pressing60脱胶Cement comes off 61补胶Repair cement62鞋面沾污Upper dirty63颜色不配Color not matching64贴跟Heel laying65贴沿条Welt laying66车底线Sloe thread stitching 67鞋中心线歪Upper not even68内腰偏低Inner waist too low 69皱折Wrinkle70跷度不够Toe spring not enough 71太硬Too hard72太软Too soft73龟裂Crack74贴鞋垫Sock laying75复检Repeat check76流程process77选裁Vamp scissoring78订钉扣Fasten nail or buckle 79入楦Put on last80电脑绣花Computer embroidery81补漆Repair finishing82翻箱Repacking\rework83采购purchase84包边\折边folding85品质管制Quality control86生产管制Production control二、鞋类名称Name of shoes项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01加洲鞋California shoe02学生鞋Student shoe03轻飘鞋floater04超长统靴x-long boot(hip boot) 05休闲鞋Leisure shoe06包仔鞋loafer07平板脚鞋Flat foot shoe08高跟鞋High heel shoe09木底鞋Wood shoe10绅士鞋Dress shoe11小儿麻痹鞋Paralysis shoe12地球鞋Earth shoe13军鞋Army shoe14全片式鞋面One piece upper15足球鞋Football shoe16海滩鞋Beach shoe17布面运动鞋Sneakert18外耳式鞋Blucher20比赛用足球鞋Football shoe for game 19室内足球鞋Indoor footballshoe21练习足球鞋Football shoe for22保龄球鞋Bowling shoepractice23棒球鞋Baseball shoe24冰刀鞋Ice skate shoe25排球鞋Volleyball shoe26雪靴Ski boot27轮式溜冰鞋Roller skate shoe28猎人靴Hunting boot29网球鞋Tennis shoe30室内网球鞋Indoor tennis shoe31篮球鞋Basketball shoe32登山鞋Mountaineering shoe 33工作鞋Work shoe34安全鞋Safety shoe35拳击鞋Boxing shoe36摔胶鞋Wrestling shoe37慢跑鞋Jogging shoe38钓鱼鞋Fishing shoe39室内鞋Indoor shoe40室外鞋Outdoor shoe41医生鞋Doctor shoe42护士鞋Nurse shoe43雨鞋Rain boot44高跟凉鞋High heel sandal45低跟凉鞋Low heel sandal46平底鞋Low cutter47芭蕾舞鞋Ballet shoe48月球鞋Moon shoe49满帮鞋Closed shoe50练习鞋Training shoe51健康鞋Healthy shoe52马靴boot53内耳式鞋Baimoral54男便鞋\小口鞋Slip-on shoe55男便鞋\直墙式Slip-in shoe56内耳式鞋\多接brogue合项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称57童马靴Children boot58童包仔靴Children loafer59童舒利便鞋Children slip-on60童横带鞋Children one band61“T”字带鞋T band shoe62僧侣鞋Monk shoe63凉鞋Sandal64外耳马克斯Blucher style moccasin66欧式便鞋European casual shoe 65牛仔鞋Stitch-downprocess shoe67牛仔靴Western boot68航空鞋Air shoe69沙漠鞋Desert boot70横扣鞋Monk strap shoe71侧面松紧布半统靴Side gore boot72袋鼠鞋Kangaroo boot73麻布鞋Jute shoe74棉布鞋Cotton shoe75帆布鞋Canvas shoe76浴室鞋Bathe shoe77中接式鞋Central lineseamed shoe78背盖式鞋Moccasin79麻布台底鞋☆Espadrille shoe80船型平地底鞋Bond low cutter shoe 81前带鞋Front strap shoe82妈妈鞋Mother shoe83尼姑鞋Nun shoe84踝带鞋Ankle strap shoe85单带鞋One strap shoe86边带鞋Side strap shoe87海盗鞋Pirate shoe88防热靴Heat-proof boot89凉鞋面插入中底帮Cherokee90软质中底缝合鞋面\后成袋入楦的鞋California shoe三、鞋类各部位名称（物料）NAMES OF SHOES PARTS项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01鞋面Upper02前片Vamp03鞋头Toe cap04后片Quarter05后接片Back stay06边饰Stripe07内套口Tape08泡棉条Foam09海棉Sponge10前里Vamp lining11防滑里Non-slip lining12后里Counter lining13W型鞋头W toe cap14U型鞋头U toe cap15T型鞋头T toe cap16全里Full lining17补强带Reinforce tape18鞋眼Eyelet19鞋眼扣Buckle20摩术带Magic tape\Velcro 21鞋带Lace22背盖片Vamp stay项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称23蝴蝶结A bow-tie24马克线Moca line25拉链Zipper26松紧带Gore27棉线Cotton thread28尼龙线Nylon thread29鞋楦Last30中底Insole31插根Wedge32打洞纸板Punch paper pattern 33铁心Shank34鞋垫Sock lining35楦弓Last arch36船型跟Boat heel37古巴跟Cuban heel38天皮Top lift39塑胶跟Plastic heel40包跟皮Heel cover41模仔底Moulded sole42帆布涂裱胶浆Topping canvas 43跟痤Heel approx\seat44填充条Foxing tape四、鞋材名称NAMES OF SHOES MATERIAL项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01ABS鞋跟ABS heel02ABS半节台ABS platform03PVC大底PVC sole04PU底PU sole05橡胶底Rubber sole06TPR底TPR sole07EVA底EVA sole08木跟Wood heel09铁跟Iron heel10锌氯粉Zinc oxide11碳酸钙Calcium carbonate12硫磺sulphul13锰Manganese14钛白粉Titanium dioxode15天然胶Plantation16人造胶Imitation crepe17硬脂酸Stearic acid18催化剂Catalyst19安定剂Stablizer20还原剂Reducing agent22松胶Gomrosin21碳酸镁Magnesiumcarbonate23防老剂Anti oxidants24石粉Tale powder25帆布Canvas26毛巾布Terry\visa27尼龙布Nylon28尼龙网Nylon mesh29PU皮PU leather30PVC皮PVC leather31乳胶皮Sponge leather32苏美绒Sumelon leather33珊瑚绒Coraion leather34优丽皮Urethane leather35柔软皮Casting leather36舒丽皮Semi microporous puleater37海棉皮Sponge leather38不织布Non-woven cloth39特利可得Tricot40玻璃纤维FRP42牛皮Cow leather41湿式PU皮Wet process puleather43马皮Horse leather44猪皮Pig leather45蜥蜴皮Lizard leather46羚羊皮Antelope leather47鸵鸟皮Ostrich leather48水牛皮Buffalo leather49蟒蛇皮Python leather50鲨鱼皮Shark leather51皮克隆纸板Picklon leather52象皮Elephant53棉质鞋带Cotton lace54TK鞋带TK lace55漆皮Patent leather56软皮Casting leather57二郎皮Split leater五、包装名称PACKING项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01塑胶带Poly bag02纸盒Box03纸箱Carton04胶带Tape05封箱钉Staple06隔板Insert board07纸板Cardboard filler08签字笔Mark pen\magic pen 09保丽龙板Polyron10带条Stripe11打包带（PE）PE tape12扣环Strap13黑色Black14白色White15黄色Yellow16红色Red17酒红色Wine burgundy18浅蓝色Light blue19蓝色Blue20深蓝色Dark blue21海军蓝色Navy blue22棕色Tan23米色Beige24灰色Gray25金色Golden26银色Silver27骆驼色Camel28骨色Bone29橙色Orange30绿色Green31紫色Purple32卡积色Khaki33深绿色Dark green34浅黄色Light yellow35褐色Brown36塑胶袋Ploy bag37颜色Color38锈色处理Antique finishing六、制鞋机器MAKING SHOE MACHINERY项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01打钉机Nailing machine02后跟整型Counter finishing MA 03中底整型Insole finishing MA04前帮机Toe lasting machine 项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称05后帮机Counter machine06腰帮机Forepart lasting MA 07拔楦机★Shoe horn machine08压底机Sole press machine 09输送机Conveyor10压鞋机Shoe press machine 11磨底机Sole rubbing12贴合机★Lapping machine 13切条机Stripping machine14自动上胶包中底机Auto-Cherokee MA 15压边机Folding machine16捆包机Packing machine 17射出成型机Injection machine18拉力机Tensile strength MA 19耐磨机Rubber abrasin tester20曲折机Flexing tester21破裂机Bursting strengthtester22裁断机Cutting maching 23削皮机Skiving machine24耐寒试验机Freezing tester25粘度计Adhesion tester26自动上胶折盒机Automatic latexingboxing machine27各种缝纫机Every kind stitchingmachine 28加硫定型机Vulcanizing\formingmachine29电炉Electric burner30打眼机Eye lace machine 31打洞机Hole punching MA32高周波机Welding machine 33冷却机Cooling machine34万能车Zig-zig sewing MA35双针高头车Double needle sewingmachine 36单针高头车Single needlesewing machine3718号针车18#sewing machine38绣花车Embroidery MA 39边饰车Stripe machine*以上MA是machine的缩写七、业务INTERNATIONAL TRADE IDIOMS项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01出口申请书Export application02合约contract03供应商Supplier04赊欠Sale on credit05估价单Proforma invoice06询价单Inquiry sheet07修正书Amendment08电报Telegram09押标金Bid bond10报价Offer11议价Negotiate purchase12押汇Documentary13承兑汇票Bill of acceptance14付款汇票Bill of payment15规格Specifications16同意书Agreement17比价Price comparison18保证金Performance bond19违约金Penalty20抱怨书Complaint letter21公证人Notary22国贸局BOFT\Board of foreigntrade23机场Airport24装卸码头Shipping dock25开箱Unpacking26改装Repacking27缺量Shortage28短装Shortage29破损Breakage30全部损失Total loss31索赔Claim32信用证L/C(letter of credit)33即期信用证Sight L/C34远期信用证Usance L/C35可转让信用证Revocable L/C36不可转让信用证Irrevocable L/C37托收Collection38核对Check39退票Dishonor40延期付款Deferred payment41付款人Payer42收款人Payee43装船通知Shipping notifying44装船文件Shipping documents45提单Billing of lading46已装船Effect shipment47待装船Awaiting shipment48到达港口转Port of transhipment49货运及运费Cost and freight50货价及保险Cost land insurance51保险Insurance52汇费/运费Freight53商业发票Commercial invoice54提货单Bill of lading55保险单Insurance policy56领事签证单Consular invoice57海关发票Customs invoice58产地证明Certificate of origin59品质证明书Certificate of quality60重量\数量证明书Certificate of quantity61装箱单Packing list62重量单Weight note63容积证明书Certificate of64检验证明书Inspection certificatemeasurement65公证报告Survey report66检疫证明书Phylosanitary certificate 67开证费Certificate fee68检验证Certificate of inspection 69装船日期Shipping date70确认Confirm71样品Sample72试穿Fitting73制造Manufacture74贸易公司Trading company75成本Cost76试用样品trial sample77客户反应Customer’s reaction78销售样Sales sample79下订单Place order80大量生产Mass production81验关Customs inspection82上船On board83领提单To get B/L84提货单Delivery order85报关行Customs broker86延付货款Deferred payment 87寄售Consignment88开信用证人Applicant or opener 89买主Buyer90进口商Importer91被记帐人Accountee92收货人Consignee93被出票人Drawee94开证银行Opening\issuing bank 95通知银行Advising\notifying bank96信用证收益人Beneficiary97卖主Seller98装货人Shipper99出口商Exporter100出票人Drawer101订单Order102订单号码Order No.103客户订单号码Customer order No104订单日期Date of order项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称105装船日期Shipping date106交货日Delivery date107工厂号码Factory No.108制造者Manufacturer\MFG 109受货者Consignee110形式号码Style No.111工厂形式号码Factory style No.112进货港口Import port113客户订单号码Customer style No.114库存号Stock No.115箱号Case code\case No.116目的地Destination117出口税Export tax118正唛Main mark119侧唛Side mark120包装Packing121包装明细表Packing list122箱数Cases123双数Paris124箱号C/No.125宽度Width126长度Length127尺寸Size\measurement128体积Cubic ft.129颜色Color130总计Total131盒子Box132塑胶袋Plastic133包装纸Packing paper134纸卡Cardboard135装船标志Shipping mark136标签Label tag137商标Trade mark138盒子颜色Box color139混装法Assorted packing140分类\配码Assortment141单码装One size carton142报关Customs clearance八、其他OTHERS项中文名称英文名称项中文名称英文名称01皮刀Leather knife02乌嘴钳Lasting pincer03美工刀Bladed knife04剪刀Scissors05尖钻Driller06圆规Compasses07银笔Silver pen08硬衬Hardness lining 09皮尺Tape ruler10胶带Tape11橡皮Rubber eraser12铅笔Pencil13样板Paper pattern14砂纸Sandpaper15钢尺Steel ruler16白胶Latex17黄胶Cement18处理剂M.E.K.19甲苯★Toluene20鞋楦Last21针车Stitching machine22平车Straight line stitching 23铁锤Hammer24针Needle25车线Thread26中底Insole27铁钉Iron nail28牙钉Nail with thread29结帮Lasting30沿条Welt31防水边Waterproof edge32填料Foxing33重针French stitching34鞋喉线Shoe throat line35鞋喉点Shoe tongue opening point36鞋口Top line37鞋墙Quarter38线距Line distance。
生活用品中英文对照refrigerator 冰箱automatic rice cooker 电饭锅steamer 蒸锅oven 烤箱grill 烧烤架toaster 烤面包机egg beater 打蛋器ice crusher 刨冰机food processor 食品加工机paper towel 纸巾apron 围裙tableware 餐具plate 盘子dish 碟子bowl 碗cupboard 碗橱dining table 餐桌larder 食品柜drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子chopping board 案板cutlery tray 装餐具的容器dish drainer 晾干餐具的容器（类似铁丝筐）table cloth 桌布laundry bag 洗衣袋pail 洗衣桶ironing board 烫衣板steam and dry iron 蒸汽电熨斗electric iron 电熨斗laundry drier 烘干机spin-drier 旋转式脱水机washing machine 洗衣机radiator 暖气片electric fan 电扇stand fan 落地电扇oscillating fan 摇头电扇bed light/bed lamp 床头灯fluorescent lamp 日光灯ceiling lamp/pendant lamp 吊灯desk/table lamp 台灯wall light 壁灯floor lamp 落地灯chandelier 枝状吊灯water gauge 水表plug 插头outlet/receptacle 插座paste 浆糊glue 胶水adhesive tape 胶条packing paper 包装纸string 绳子carpenter 木工electrician 电工utility man 杂务工plumber 管道工painter 油漆工vacuum hose holder 吸尘器管子的托架watering can 浇水壶blanket 毛毯cushion 垫子quilt 被子cotton terry blanket 毛巾被feather quilt 羽绒被cotton quilt 棉被bedding 床上用品mosquito net 蚊帐pillow 枕头bolster 长枕pillow case 枕套tick 褥子carpet 地毯（一般指大的整块的，铺房间的那种）rug 地毯（一般指小块的，放在沙发等边上的那种）bathtub 浴缸hand shower 手握式淋浴器shower nozzle 喷头tap faucet 水龙头plastic curtain 防水浴帘shower cap 浴帽bath slipper 洗澡用拖鞋bath mat 防滑垫towel hanger/holder 毛巾架towel ring 毛巾环bath towel 浴巾soap stand 肥皂盒comb 梳子soap 肥皂shampoo 洗发露conditioner 护发素dryer 吹风机razor 刮胡刀toothpaste 牙膏toothbrush 牙刷bed frame/bed base 床架headboard 床头板sofa bed 沙发床folding guest bed 折叠床loftbed frame架在空中的床（下面可放沙发、桌子等）bunkbed frame 上下铺的床slatted bed base 板条床sprung base 弹簧床bedspread 床罩sheet 床单mat 席子mattress 床垫（厚的那种）mattress pad 床垫 (薄的那种) bed canopy 支在床上的篷子（一般用于儿童床上的装饰）bedside table 床头柜Banqueting chair 宴会椅Barstool 吧椅Bathroom accessories 浴室配套装置Bathroom combination 浴室组合柜Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架Bathroom furniture 浴室家具Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗台Birch door 桦木门Board-room and conference table 会议桌Bookcase 书柜Bookshelf 书架Built-in kitchen 配套厨房家具Bunk 双层床Bunk bed 双层床Children’s chair 儿童椅CKD(complete knock down) 整体拆装式家具Clothes rail 挂衣杆Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜Cocktail table 鸡尾酒桌Coffee table 茶几，咖啡桌Combine-unit 组合柜Composite furniture 复合家具Console 小桌Contract programmes订做家具Cot 童床（婴儿床）Couch 长沙发椅Cupboard 橱柜Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜Curtain 窗帘，挂帘Customized furniture 订做家具Double-bed 双人床Double function sofa-bed 双人沙发床Double sided mirror 双面镜Draughtsman chair 吧椅Drawer 抽屉Dressing table 梳妆台Easy chair 轻便椅End table 茶几Entrance hall furniture 门厅家具Exterior door户外门Filing cabinet 文件柜Fireplace壁炉Fitment 固定家具Fitting 家居用品Flower stand 花架Folding chair 折叠椅Folding furniture 折叠家具Folk furniture 民间家具Junior desk chair 学生书桌椅Kitchen block /kitchen rock 厨房地砖Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜Kitchen chair, stool and bench 厨房椅、圆凳及条椅Kitchen fitment 厨房固定家具Kitchen table 厨房餐桌Kitchen unit 厨房成套家具Mirror for chest of drawers 多屉柜梳妆镜Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙发Multi-purpose table 多用桌Nest 茶几Occasional furniture 配套家具，休闲家具Occasional table 休闲桌Office furniture 办公家具Office seating 办公座椅Office table 办公桌Partition wall 隔断School table 课桌screen 屏风Seat 座椅secretaire写字桌(尤指有抽屉及分类格者)Secretarial chair 秘书椅sectional sofa 拼合沙发semi-CKD 半拆装家具separate wine cabinet 独立厨柜serving table 送餐桌settee; chaise longue 长靠椅shelving combination 组合架shoe rack 鞋架side table 小桌sideboard 餐具柜simmous bed 席梦思床single bed 单人床slat stool 板条凳sleeper sofa 可睡沙发sofa 沙发sofa bed 沙发床sofa table 沙发桌soft chair 软椅spring bed; steel cot 钢丝床；弹簧床spring-seat chair 弹簧座椅square stool 方凳square table 方桌steel chair 扶手椅steel desk 钢制写字台steel safe 保险柜step stool 梯凳stool 凳子；搁脚凳storage for umbrellas 伞架straight back chair 直背椅strong box; safe 保险箱studio couch 单人沙发床suitcase; trunk 衣箱；小型旅行箱swivel armchair 帆布折叠躺椅swivel-top stool 转动凳。
车种model自行车 bicycle折叠车 folding bicycle避震车 suspension bicycle城市车 city bicycle/CTB山地车 mountain bicycle/MTB跑车 racing bicycle童车 children bicycle速降车 down hill bicycle登山越野车 trekking bicycle普通越野车 cross country bicycle/XCBMX（bicycle Motocross) 自行车越野/自行车特技表演单轮车 unicycle三轮车 tricycle电动车 electric bicycle滑板车 scooter双轮双座自行车 tandem计时赛车 time trial/旅游沙滩车 cruiser场地车 track车架组件 frame parts 车架 frame上管 top tube(T/T)中管 seat tube(S/T)下管 down tube(D/T)前叉 front fork前叉肩盖 front fork crown前叉竖管 front fork stem车头组件 headsets五通碗组件 bottom bracket parts 头管 head tube(H/T)五通 bottom bracket勾爪 dropout(END)上叉 seat stay(S/S)下叉 chain stay(C/S)前叉端 fork end座管 seat post座管束子 seat post clamp车把 handlebar把立 stem车头组件 head set 星帽 star nut橡垫 rubber pad上座 top cone上碗 head cup top下碗 head cup bot下座 crown cone散珠 steel ball螺帽 lock nut华司 lock washer上座 adjusting cone上碗 head cup top下碗 head cup bot下座 crown cone尘盖 dust seal珠巢 ball retainers车轮组 wheel parts 车胎 tire内胎 inner tube铜头 nipple塑胶轮 plastic wheel辅助轮 training wheel辐条 spoke车圈 rim胎垫 tire cushion/rim tape汽门嘴 valve前花鼓 front hub后花鼓 rear hub转动组 transmission parts 齿盘 chain wheel曲柄 crank飞轮 freewheel链盖 chain cover足套带 toe strap足箍 toe clip连体曲柄 one-piece crank链条 chain钢丝碟 spoke protector脚踏 pedal金属脚踏 rat-trap pedal刹车器 brake&变速器 derailleur 前刹车器 front brake后刹车器 rear brake刹车握把 brake lever前变速器 front derailleur后变速器 rear derailleur变速线 derailleur cable倒刹 coaster brake侧拉 side-pull caliper brake抱闸 internal contracting brake/band brake调节螺丝 cable adjusting screw高速限位螺丝 high-gear limit screw低速限位螺丝 low-gear limit screw刹车线 brake cable刹车线管 brake cable housing刹车块 brake pad/shoes刹车座 pivot变速手把 shift lever/derailleur leverV刹 V-brake碟刹 disc brake油压碟刹 hydraulic disc brake刹车座轴心 cable routing导轮 jockey roller车架附件 frame fittings/accessories 货架 luggage carrier反光片 reflector挡泥板 mudguard/fender车铃 bell前灯 head light后照镜 back mirror喇叭 horn把套 grip/tape泥板支柱 fender bracket/mudguard stays护裙（罩）dress guard/wheel protector电线 connecting wire停车柱 kickstand链盖 chain cover/chain-guard打气筒 pump车锁 lock水壶 water bottle水壶架 cage篮子 basket副把 bar end快拆 quick release速度表 cyclometer摩电灯 lighting set工艺镗孔 borehole/boring热处理 heat treatment 氩焊 TIG welding校正 adjustment截色 cut抛光 polish缩管 taper压扁 flattening隐藏式 integrated异型管 heterotype tube 水滴型 tear drop椭圆管 oval消光 MATT冲压 press/punch锻造 forged平焊 smooth welding表面处理 finish烤漆 painting毛坯 raw拉丝 scotch brushB抛 B polish皮膜/磷化 phosphated贴标 decals/graphics水标 HRST/decal under clear coating 自粘标 SKC/decal over clear coating 自粘标 adhesive sticker金油 clear coating冷锻 cold-forged材质铝合金 aluminum钛合金 titanium钢 steel铁 iron碳纤 carbon fiber合金 alloy常用国家标准代号中国 GB美国 CPSC加拿大 CAN瑞典 TPL澳洲 AS国际标准 ISO欧共体 EC/European Community 南非 DS英国 BS日本 JIS台湾 CNS法国 ECE（FRN）德国 DIN德国标准用“——”表示常见表面处理电着黑 BED（ED）铬镍电镀 CP雾面电镀 DSF钛色 TC粉体 powder coated 阳极银 AD阳极 ANO雾面银 SF镀锌 UCP颜色color紫色 purple银色 silver米黄 vanilla深蓝 dark blue黑色 black乳白 Flat cream平光灰 flat grey平光绿 light green 平光棕 matt brown平光黑 flat black补充：上桥片 up plate上桥管 up bridge补强片 tube gusset左碗 left cup右碗 right cup吊耳 hanger止栓 cable stopper全通 cable guideC扣 circlip轴 axle衬套/薄垫片 shim螺栓 bolt/screw镭射商标 laser logo车首铭牌 head badge吊线架 cable hanger铆钉 rivet齿轮 gear行程 travel实心齿盘solid chain wheel五通牙纹 threading轮胎消位 tire clearance车架中心线 frame center alignment车架号码 serial number蓄电池 battery发电机/摩电机 dynamo/generator开口通用扳手 Open end multi wrench 十字螺丝刀 Philips head screwdriver 花毂壳hub shell卡座 cassette曲柄销 cotter pin多速飞轮 multiple free-wheel男式车架 man's frame菱形车架 diamond frame密封式轴承 sealed bearing下桥片 down plate下桥管 down bridge脚踏杆 peg接头 lug垫圈/华司 spacer太阳花 tension adjuster避震器 shock避震取付 shock mount折叠器 folding bike parts插销 pin球架 ball retainer钢珠 steel ball螺帽 nut色卡 pantone弹簧 spring齿片 chainring拉链片 chain tensioner刹车座宽度 pivot width齿盘消位 chain wheel clearance 公差 tolerance连杆 swing arm外箱尺寸 MEAS厚度 thickness外径 outer diameter内径 inner diameter套管 sleeve润滑油 grease通用扳手 Allen wrench防水圈 water resistant/O-ring止动螺母 stop nut螺纹 screw threads内三速后花鼓 three speed hub 女式车架 lady's frame男女通用车架 mixed frame弯管 pipe。
附录8：WYSIWYG库目录中英文对照表Fixtures【灯具库】All【全部】：按灯具型号的英文字母顺序列出所有WYG支持的灯具以方便查找灯具：Manufacturer【制造商】：按制造商名称的英文字母顺序列出所有制造商名称以查找灯具：Type【类型】Architectural【建筑照明】Wash【染色灯】Area Light【区域光源】Black Trax【运动追踪系统】Chain Motors【链条马达】【电动葫芦】Generic【普通的、一般的、通用的】Chandelier【枝形吊灯】Colour Changer【换色灯、变色灯】Conventional【常规灯】Balloon【发光球】Bare Bulb Strip【露泡条灯】Beam Projector【光束投影】Blinder【多眼观众灯】Chinese Lantern【中国灯笼】Colour Changer【换色灯、变色灯】Cyc【天幕灯、天幕地灯】ERS【圆球反射镜聚光灯】Degree【角度】Fiood【泛光灯】Fluorescent【荧光灯】Despar【未知单词】Follow Spot【追光灯】Footlight【脚光灯】Fresnel(菲涅耳】Inch【英寸】Light Curtain【发光幕】MultiPAR【帕灯组合】Par【帕灯】PARnel【短帕灯】PC【柔光灯】Profile【轮廓灯】Profile Zoom【带缩放轮廓灯】Medium【中等角】Wide【宽角】Searchlight【探照灯】Socket【接插口】Softlight【柔光灯】Striplight【长条灯】Studlo【演播窒】Broad【宽角灯】Camera Light【摄像灯】Cyc【天幕灯、天幕地灯】Daylight Broad【日光宽角灯】Daylight Fresnel【日光菲涅耳】Daylight Par【日光帕灯】Daylight Softlight【日光柔光灯】Dedolight【滴度光】Diffusor【扩散器】Flood【泛光灯】Fluorescent【荧光灯】Fresnel【菲涅耳灯】LED Fresnel【LED菲涅耳灯】PAR【帕灯】Projector【投影灯】Softlight【柔光灯】UV【紫外线灯】Zoom【缩放灯】Medium【中等角】Narrow【窄角】Very Narrow【超窄角】Wide【宽角】DMX Device 【DMX设备】Effect【效果灯】Beacon【警示灯】Mirror Ball【反射球】Engineering【工程灯】Fan【风扇】Fluorescent【荧光灯】下级目录是厂家名：Follow Spot【追光灯】Laser【激光灯】ER Productions【ER产品】LaserAnimation Sollinger【索林格激光动画】Laserworld【激光世界】WysiwygGeneric(WYG普通】LED【半导体发光管灯】Bars. Battens&Strips【LED灯条、灯管、灯串】Blinders&Panels【LED面光灯、面板灯】Effects (LED效果灯】Fresnel＆PC (LED菲涅耳＆柔光灯】Other【其它LED灯】Profile【LED成像灯】Strobe【频闪LED灯】Tube【LED灯管】Uplight【向上照明的灯】Wash【染色LED灯】Light Curtain 【光幕】Moving Head【摇头灯】ACL【光束型摇头灯】Architectural【建筑用途摇头灯】Beam【光束型摇头灯】FX【效果灯】Laser【激光灯】Other【其它类】Spot【图案灯】Video Projection【视频投影】Wash【染色灯】Moving Light Bank【运动灯具组合】Moving Mirror【扫描灯】Periscopic【广光灯】Projector【投影灯】Strobe【频闪灯】Video Projection【视频投影】Library【物体库】Objects【物体】AII【全部】Architecture【建筑】Doors【门】Signs【标牌】Electric【电气的】Graphics Only【仅图形】Tents【帐篷】Canopy【顶棚、雨棚】Diamond【钻石形】Diamond with Walls【钻石形带墙】Diamond wrth Windows【钻石形带窗户】Hexagonal【六角形】Hexagonaf with Watls【六角形带墙】Rectangular with Windows【六角形带窗户】Square【正方形】Square with Walls(正方形带墙】Square with Windows【正方形带窗户】Triangle【三角形】Triangle with Walls【三角形带墙】Triangle with Windows【三角形带窗户】Windows【窗户】Atmospheric【烟机、雾机】Banquet【宴会】Bars【吧台】Bottles＆Beverages【瓶子&饮料】Buffet【自助餐】Cakes【蛋糕】Cupcakes【纸杯蛋糕】Cutlery【刀叉】Dishes【餐具】Glassware【玻璃器具】Napkins【餐巾纸】All【全部】Folded【折叠的】Paper【纸张】Rolled【卷筒】Place Settings【餐具组合】Table Number Stands【桌子编号杆】BatckTrax【运动追踪系统】Coat Racks【衣架】Computers【电脑】Consoles【控台】【下级目录是控台制造商名称】Decor【装饰】Arches【拱桥】Balloons【气球】Centerpieces【核心部分】Balloon Centerpieces【气球核心部分】Bowls【碗、酒杯】FloraICenterpieces【花草核心部分】Goblets【酒杯】Pedestals【基座】Saucers【茶托】Single Flowers【单独的—支花】Table Number Stands【桌子编号杆】Urns【茶桌基座】Vases【花瓶】Vases with Single Flowers【花瓶和一支花】Garbage Can【垃圾筒】Lamps【桌灯】Digital Display【数字显示屏幕]DJ Equipment (DJ设备】Electrical Equipment【电气设备】Festive【节日】ChristmasTrees【圣诞树】Menorahs【烛台】Wreaths【花环】Imperial【英制】Metric【公制】Furniture【家具】Bedroom【卧室】Miscellaneous【杂类】Offlce【办公室】Podiums&Lecterns【指挥台&讲台】Seating【座椅】Chairs【椅子】Stools【凳子】Seating Bench【长凳座椅】Seating Couch【长沙发椅】Storage【储物柜】Table Sets【桌子组合】All【全部】Imperial【英制】All【全部】Classroom【教室】Conference【会议】Dining【餐饮】Crescent Round【月牙圆】Oval【椭圆】Round【圆形】Folding【折叠】Crescent Round【月牙圆】Oval【椭圆】Rectangular【矩形】Round【圆形】Square【正方形】Outdoor【户外】Restaurant【餐厅】Rectangular【矩形】Square【正方形】Metric【公制】All【全部】Classroom【教室】Conference【会议】Dining【餐饮】Crescent Round【月牙圆】Oval【椭圆】Round【圆形】Folding【折叠】Crescent Round【月牙圆】Oval【椭圆】Rectangular【矩形】Round【圆形】Square【正方形】Outdoor【户外】Restaurant(餐厅】Rectangular【矩形】Square【正方形】Tables【桌子】Boat Shaped【船形】Cocktail Round【鸡尾酒圆形】Drafting【绘图桌】Kidney【肾形】Oval【椭圆形】Racetrack【跑道形】Rectangle【矩形】Round【圆形】Serpentine【弯曲】Square【正方形】Gaming【游戏】Ladders【梯子】LCDTV's【液晶电视】Lifts【升降梯】Musicalltems【乐器】Instruments【乐器】Accordions【手风琴】Guitars【吉他】Orchestral【管弦乐器】Percussion【打击乐器】Pianos【钢琴】InstrumentStands【乐器架】Music Stands【乐谱架】Patio【遮阳伞】Plasma Screens【等离子屏幕】PortableToilets【流动厕所】Projection Screens【投影幕】Classic Manual Screens【经典手动屏幕】Square Format【正方形板式】Video Format【视频版式】Electric Screeris【电动屏幕】Fixed Frame Screens【固定框屏幕】Folding Screens【折叠屏幕】Foiding Screens w/Drape【折叠屏幕／卷帘】Tripod Screens【三角架屏幕】Tripod Screens w/Drape【三角架屏幕／卷帘】RiggingEquipment【装配设备】RoadCases【航空箱】Safety＆Security ltems【安全装置】Barriers【栅栏】Fire Safety【消防安全】Police Box【警察岗亭】Signs【标牌】Signs【标碑】Electric【电气的】Graphics Only【仅图形】Sound Reinforcement【扩声】Microphones【麦克风】Speakers【音箱】下级目录是厂家名称：Staging【舞台】Aluminum Stage Systems【铝舞台系统】Handrails【栏杆】Platforms【平台】Steps【台阶】Cabfe Mats【过线桥】Dance Floor【舞池】Assembled【组合的】Panels【面板】Stairs【楼梯】Straight Metric【公制直形】Circular【圆形】Straight Imperial【英制直形】Trees and Plants【树木和植物】TV Production【电视产品】Vehicles and Transportation【交通工具】People&Mannequins【人物&模特】Mannequins【模特】All【全部】Dance【舞蹈】Gymnastic【体育】Reclining【倾斜】Sport【运动】Standing【站立】Walking【步行】With Objects【人物和物体】People - Generation 1【人物-1代】All【全部】Position【位置】Creative【创意】Jumping【跳跃】Reclining【倾斜】Running【奔跑】Sitting【坐落】Sports【运动】Standing【站立】Walking【步行】Type【类型】Business Man【商务男士】Business Woman【商务女士】Casual Man【休闲男士】CasuaIWoman【休闲女士】People - Generation 2【人物-2代】AII【全部】Position【位置】Sitting【坐落】Standing【站立】Walking【步行】Type【类型】Business Man【商务男士】Business Woman【商务女士】CasuaIMan【休闲男士】Casual Woman【休闲女士】Formal【社交】Wedding【婚礼】Accessories【附件库】All【全部】Manufacturer【制造商】Type【类型】Animation Disk【动画盘】Baffle【档板】Barndoor【遮光板】Colour Changer【变色器】Colour Frame【颜色框】Diffusor【扩散器】Douser【档光板】Egg Crate【蛋形架】Fader【衰减器】Follow Spot Gel Magazine【追光灯色片夹】GeIExtender【色片扩充器】Gobo FX【图案效果器】Gobo Holder【图案固定夹】Gobo Rotator【图案旋转器】Intensifier【增强器、灯罩】lris【光圈】Mountable Mirror【可安装反射镜】Mountable Yoke【可安装灯臂】Reflector【反射器】Scroller【滚动式换色器】ShutterAssembly【光闸装配件】Skirt【裙形罩】Slide Holder【滑动夹】Tophat【顶帽】Truss【桁架库】Pipe【灯杆】All【全部】Corner Connectors【拐角连接件】Curved Section Metric【弧形杆部件一公制】Section Imperial【部件．英制】Section Metric【部件．公制】Scaffold【脚手架】All【全部】Manufacturer【制造商】Generic【普通、一般】Accessories【配件】Steel【钢铁】Ladder Frame【阶梯框架】Thruway Frame【高速框架】Tube and Clamp【钢管和臂】Ve rtical【立式】Type【类型】Accessories【配件】Generic【普通、一般】Steel【钢铁】Ladder Frame【阶梯框架】Generic【普通、一般】Thruway Frame【高速框架】Generic【普通、一般】Tube and Clamp【钢管和臂】Generic【普通、一般】Vertical【立式】Truss【桁架】All【全部】Boom【支杆】FloorMounts【地板支架】Followspot Stands【追光架】Grip Stand【抓地架】Century Stand【世纪架】Folding Stand【伸缩架】Large Base【大型底座】Medium Base【中型底座】SmaIIBase【小型底座】Rolling Stand(旋转架】Large Base【大型底座】Medium Base【中型底座】Studio Stand【演播室架】Regular Base【规则底座】SmaIIBase【小型底座】Ladder【梯形架】Manufacturer【制造商】Type【类型】Accessories【附件】Adapter【适配器】Boom【吊杆】Box【长方体】Catwalk【跳板】Connectors【连接件】Corner Block【三角块】Coupler【联结器】Curved Box【弯曲长方体】Curved Ladder【弯曲阶梯】Curved Triangular【弯曲三角形】Floor Base【地板基座】Floor Mounts【地板支架】Followspot Stands【追光支架】Grip Stand【三角支架】Ladder【阶梯】LightingFrames【灯光架】Generic【普通、一般的】MotorMounts【马达支架】Pre-Rig【预装备】Rigging Point【索具点】RoofSupport【顶板支撑】Roof System【屋顶系统】Special【特殊】Stacking【堆跺】SwingTruss【摇摆桁架】Tower【塔式】Tower Prolyte【耀汪七Prolyte】Triangular【三角形】Triangular Folding【三角可折叠】Winch Truss【绞车桁架】。
印刷专业用语纸料：260g粉灰260g grey back MC board300g粉灰300g grey back MC board350g粉灰350g grey back MC board350g单粉咭(白芯/灰芯)350g single side coated board (white liner/grey liner) 350g双粉咭(白芯/灰芯)350g both sides coated board (white liner/grey liner) 80g书纸80g W/F PAPER80g色书纸80g color W/FPAPER157g双粉纸157g art paper157g哑粉纸157g matt coated paper防潮纸Moisture Proof paper铜板不干胶Raflacoat self-adhesive双铜纸glossy paper/ coated art paper双胶纸offset paper轻涂纸Light Weight Coated Paper无光铜版纸matt art paper光面铜版纸gloss paper灰底白板卡纸CCNB的全称是Clay Coated News Back牛底白板纸板CCKB(Clay Coated Kraft Back)白底灰芯纸板CCWB(Clay Coated White Back)铜板卡纸/白芯粉咭SBS(Solid Bleached Sulphate)合成纸Synthetic paper根据表面涂布情况SBS又分为单粉咭C1S(coated one side)和双粉咭C2S(coated two sides)。
根据表面涂布效果分为Matte(哑光纸)和Glossy(光面纸)。
坑纸:BEE-flute (125g牛咭+110g芯纸)WE-flute (140g白牛咭+110g芯纸)B3-flute (125g牛咭+115g芯纸)A3-flute (175g牛咭+115g芯纸)K3-flute (250g牛咭+115g芯纸)W3-flute (140g白牛咭+115g芯纸)A3B9-flute (175g牛咭+115g芯纸+125g牛咭+110g芯纸)K3B9-flute (250g牛咭+115g芯纸+125g牛咭+110g芯纸)印刷印油Transparent ink印光油Gloss Varnishing印哑油Matt Varnishing印专色Printed in spot color表面处理磨光Calendaring磨光吸塑油Blister-calendaring varnish过光油Varnishing过水油Aqueous coating水性磨光油Water Based calendaring 水溶性光油过双面光油过UV局部UV过胶过光胶过哑胶双面过胶水性光油（环保材料）裱纸裱对裱啤工啤啤针线击凸烫金烫银烫哑银埋口粘钉粘驳钉驳粘窗制本穿线胶装骑钉折风琴折Water based varnishing Double sides varnishingUV-coatingSpot UV-coatingPP laminationGloss laminationMatt PP laminationPP lamination on both sidessatin aqueousLaminatedLaminated 2 in 1Die cuttingPerforationEmblossing/High Frequency Gold Blocking Hot stamping (Gold in color)Hot stamping (silver in color)Matt silver hot stampingGluingJointed 2 in 1 by gluingJointed 2 in 1 by staplingWindow size ? x ? mounted with PVC# Looped with stringThermoplastic binding= Perfect bound Saddle- wire stitchingFoldingZigzag folding涂信封胶水Envelope keeping其它挂钩Pothook丝印Silk-screen钻孔Drilling表面处理光漆处理Aqueous Coating压纹,轧花,压花Embossing柔性版印刷Flexo Printinggravure printing:凹版印刷|腐蚀凹版印刷|凸版印刷|凹板印花gravure intaglio printing:gravure offset printing press:凹版胶印机Hot Stamping烫印Offset Printing胶版印刷，平板印刷Screen Printing丝网印刷Varnishing淋膜封口方式和提手类型Shoulder Length Handle手提，手挽Heat Seal(塑料薄膜袋)热封(口),熔接,熔焊Patch Handle补丁袋（就是袋子中间有个长椭圆孔，没有手腕带的）Self Adhesive Seal自密封胶Spout Top顶喷Vest Handle（胶袋那种手挽方式）Zipper Top拉链包装材料类:Packaging Materials -Kraft liner(KL):纯牛卡，100%纯木桨组成，耐破，环压性能优秀，而且耐潮性极佳，一般用于瓦楞纸板面纸。
家具英语常用关键词中英文对照上班第一周，也是第一次这样发帖。
感觉每一天都在学习新的东西很充实，这一个星期主要任务是熟悉产品知识，打牢基础是关键。
目前进度是产品知识大致了解了，需要可以记忆一些报价表；外贸基本知识和操作也通过网络通过福步有所涉猎。
新手上路还请各位前辈多多指教。
通过资料学习，以下是本人积累的一些行业常见词，特别简单明了的没有列出来，本人目前不能盲打，在总结这些词的时候一遍复习也在一边练习打字。
如有错误望各位海涵，留下指教批评建议更佳，小女子在此谢过~下面还给大家分享一下网络热搜关键词ps：本人本科英语专业，外贸入门级，现从事藤木户外家具外贸，请多指教！以下是自己总结的最近接触比较多的：Armchair 围椅、扶手椅Antique carring coffee table sets 古典咖啡桌套装Armless sofa 无扶手沙发Beach mat 沙滩气垫Bentwood chair 曲木椅Ball chair 球椅Camping chair 野营椅、轻便折椅Chaise lounge 贵妃椅、躺椅Corner sofa 转角沙发Canopy 天蓬、遮阳伞Canopy bed 四柱床，带天蓬的床Cloth rack 衣架Defile resisting 防污损、耐脏Deck chair 折叠椅Daybed 坐卧两用长椅、沙发床Egg chair 蛋椅EPE 珍珠棉、发泡聚乙烯Folding sun lounge 折叠太阳躺椅Footrest 搁脚凳Footstool 脚凳Flower stand 花架Garden gazebo 花园遮阳蓬Gazebo 露台、眺望台、凉亭Golf umbrella 高尔夫伞Garden umbrella 花园伞Genuine leather 真皮Hammock 吊床High density sponge 高密度海绵、高弹泡沫海绵High resilience reticulated foam 高弹性快干棉Kiosk 凉亭Loveseat sofa 双人小沙发Lounge chair 躺椅Moon chair 月亮椅Marquee 华盖、遮阳蓬Marble top coffee table sets 大理石台咖啡桌椅套装Moon chair 月亮椅Memory reticulated foam 慢回弹快干棉Oak bar chair 橡木椅Ottoman 搁脚凳Patio furniture 庭院家具Parasol 遮阳伞Powder coating 粉末涂层Platinum 银灰色Quick dry foam 快干棉Recliner chair 斜躺椅Rocking chair 安乐椅、摇椅Reticulated foam 网状棉Seat cushion 座垫Swing rocking chair 秋千摇椅Swing basket chair 悬挂藤椅Sythetic PE rattan 合成PE编藤Swing chair 秋千椅Sunshade 遮阳伞Scratch proof 防划伤Stacking sequence design 铺层设计Side post umbrella 侧壁柱伞Solid wood furniture 实木家具Sterling color 颜色纯正Steel blue 钢蓝色Slate 石板色Teak furniture 柚木家具Tempered glass 钢化玻璃Umbrella stand 伞架Umbrella base 伞基座Wicker furniture 柳条家具WPC = wood plastic composit木塑复合材料以下是网上资料，据说是网络热搜统计关键词：关键词中文翻译furniture 家具chair 椅子sofa 沙发umbrella 伞outdoor furniture 户外家具plastic chair 塑料椅rattan furniture 藤家具table 桌子coffee table 咖啡桌茶几dining table 餐桌dining chair 餐椅beach chair 沙滩椅garden furniture 庭院家具sofa bed 沙发床sofa set 沙发套装folding chair 折叠椅canopy 遮阳蓬hotel furniture 酒店家具wooden furniture 木制家具garden 花园furniture sofacamping tent 野营帐篷wood furniture 木制家具kiosk 一体机wooden 木的wpc 木塑复合材料folding table 折叠桌camping 野营bar chair 酒吧椅rattan 藤条rattan chair 藤椅child furniture 儿童家具leisure chair 休闲椅stool 不锈钢modern furniture 现代家具swing 秋千modern sofa 现代沙发hammock 吊床kid furniture 儿童家具beach umbrella 沙滩伞hanging chairled umbrelladining set 餐厅家具套装camping chair 野营椅wooden chair 木制椅wood chair 木制椅bench 长椅bar furniture 酒吧家具desk 桌子folding bed 折叠床outdoor 户外的bamboo product 竹制品magic cube 魔方metal furniture 金属家具round chair 圆椅moon chair 月亮椅bamboo furniture 竹制家具recliner chair 斜躺椅rocking chair 安乐椅/摇椅mailbox 信箱modern chair 现代椅egg chair 蛋椅patio furniture 花园家具lounge chair 躺椅rattan sofa 藤沙发furniture set 家具套装restaurant furniture 饭店家具aluminum chair 铝制椅子wicker furniture 柳条家具golf umbrella 高尔夫伞parasol 遮阳伞beach mat 沙滩地垫swing chair 秋千椅inflatable chair 充气椅chaise lounge 躺椅/贵妃椅beach tent 沙滩帐篷recliner 斜躺椅sunshademarquee 帐篷；遮篷bentwood chairdirector chair 经理椅metal chair 金属椅folding stool 折叠凳rattan outdoor furniturestadium chairglass table 玻璃桌armchair 扶手椅ball chair 球椅dinning chairdeck chair 折叠椅teak furniture 柚木家具beachhouseware 家用品outdoor umbrella 户外伞tea table 茶几bar table 酒吧桌bamboo chair 竹椅air bed 充气床sun umbrella 太阳伞garden umbrella 花园伞bottle umbrelladinner table 餐桌table base 工作台底座dinning table 餐桌wood plastic composite 木塑复合材料outdoor bedrelax chair 休闲椅waiting chairumbrella base 伞基座outdoor chair 户外椅wooden table 木制桌子camping tablesolid wood furniture 实木家具garden chair 花园椅baby swinggarden gazebo 花园遮阳蓬chiavari chair 竹节椅child chair 儿童椅。
HÖRMANN BEIJING DOOR PRODUCTION CO. LTD.A good reputation must be earned-August Hörmann, company founder,1886-1994HÖRMANN BEIJING DOOR PRODUCTION CO. LTD.Hörmann,from Germany,your strong partner for gate, doors, operator.About usIn the market for construction components, more and more gates, doors, frames and operators carry the Hörmann name, making Hörmann Europe's leading provider of such products. This leadership of the family company has been attained through decades of continuous growth as a result of innovation, ensured quality and proximity to the customerInternational growthThe Hörmann Group is an internationally-oriented, fast-growing company. Gates, doors, frames and operatorsare manufactured for the markets in Europe, North America and Asia at highly-specialised factories. Employing6,000 staff, this 100% family-owned company has achieved over 1 billion euros in sales. A tight network of more than 50 company-owned subsidiaries and numerous authorised dealers in over 30 countries ensures proximity to customers.Production locations for the Hörmann Group•Hörmann KG Amshausen, Germany•Hörmann KG Antriebstechnik, Germany•Hörmann KG Brandis, Germany•Hörmann KG Brockhagen, Germany•Hörmann KG Dissen, Germany•Hörmann KG Eckelhausen, Germany•Hörmann KG Freisen, Germany•Hörmann KG Ichtershausen, Germany•Hörmann KG Werne, Germany•Hörmann Alkmaar B.V., Netherlands•Hörmann Genk NV, Belgium•Hörmann Legnica SP. ZO.O, Poland•Seuster KG, Lüdenscheid, Germany•Berner Torantriebe KG, Rottenburg, Germany•Schörghuber Spezialtüren KG, Ampfing, Germany•Tortec Brandschutztor GmbH, Wolfsegg, Austria•Garador Ltd., Yeovil, UK•Tubauto SAS, Sens, France•Hörmann Flexon LLC, Leetsdale, PA, USA•Hörmann LLC, Montgomery, IL, USA•Hörmann LLC, Vonore, TN, USA•Hörmann Beijing Door Production Co. Ltd., China•Hörmann Tianjin Door Production Co. Ltd., ChinaHÖRMANN BEIJING DOOR PRODUCTION CO. LTD.The reliable specialist for the Hörmannz Production in advanced technology: All the essential door components are developed and produced by Hörmann in-house, in order to ensure that quality of production remains at aconsistently high level.z Qualified employees: Hörmann’s highly motivated employees make sure that its production process, inspections and logistic standards of quality are continuously maintained. With thesupport of computer-aided production systems, employees are able to quickly and reliablyfind solutions for every building construction requirement.z State-of-the art operator technology: Hörmann offers operators and controls, which are the outcome of its own development and production. Perfectly matched components, subjected tolong duration testing, give customer the assurance that its door will perform well in the continued use.z Quality management: Hörmann doors are manufactured strictly according to the Quality Management System, ISO9001:2000z Perfect quality assurance: The perfect auto control system and external testing system guarantee high quality of the product.z Competent advice: Experienced specialists within our customer-oriented sales organization accompany you from the planning stage through technical clarification to final building inspection.z Door fitting: Door fitting is carried out by the trained specialists, Hörmann guarantee that each and every Hormann door will operate with absolute reliability.z Quickly delivered and safety packed: The door and operator systems are perfectly prepared for installation and are properly packed to avouch safe transportation.Innovative productsThe foundation for today's company was laid in the 1950s when Hörmann started manufacturing a new type of up-and-over garage door: the so-called "Berry door". In the 1960s, space-saving, vertically opening sectional doors for garages, as well as for industrial and commercial buildings, initiated a development with a promising future. Since then, the product range is being constantly extended. Today, it includes well-known "classics", plus rolling shutters, folding, fire, and high-speed doors, door operators, controls, loading technology systems, fire and smoke-tight door assemblies, entrance and internal doors, canopies and frames.z Hörmann hinge door, apartment door and fire resistant door is best selling for highly quality for inside and outside use. Stable, robust, non-warp, weather-resistant, thermally insulated and sound-proof steel doors are suitable for everyday use not only in private households, but also in commercial and industrial facilities, in public buildings as well as for application in the agricultural industry.z Hörmann industrial doors which include industrial sectional door, rolling shutter, dock-shelter, dock-leveler, loading house, folding doors are particularly recommended for factory, logistic site using.z Hörmann original up-and-over garage doors combine high quality and advanced engineering with long-term functionality. With the tremendous development of market we innovate a new sectional garage door, which combined the modern design to make your house real eye-catchers and anHÖRMANN BEIJING DOOR PRODUCTION CO. LTD.expression of your own high standard.Hörmann ChinaChina is the fast developing country in the word with the stable economic environment and good investment background. Hörmann group set Hörmann Beijing Door Production Co,.Ltd since 1998, with strictly management and suitable sales policy, Hörmann became the top leader of door product in China, hereby we establish the second factory in China -Tianjin factory in 2008.Hörmann Beijing and Tianjin factory strictly run by Germany rules and followed Chinese quality and safety requirement, produce fire-resistant door, apartment door, internal door, sliding door, glass door, rolling shutter, industrial door, high-speed door, dock-shelter, dock-leveller ect. At the same time our product be widely used in fire-resistant area, post bureau, F1, Palaestra, villa garage, office & residential building, civil aviation, train station, logistic centre, hospital and other factories , the showroom of Audi, Ford, Benz, BMW, Infiniti and so on.“A good reputation must be earned” this slogan will push Hörmann never stop to provide good quality and perfect after sales service to customers. Choose high quality choose Hörmann!Thanks for your attention on Hörmann!Hoermann China Distribution GraphHÖRMANN BEIJING DOOR PRODUCTION CO. LTD.企业概况德国霍曼集团是欧洲最具规模的门类产品专业生产企业，是欧洲市场的引导者，具有70多年的生产历史。
不光边no polishing.['pɔliʃ]幼砂fine sand太阳砂radiation brushing.[reidi'eiʃən]打字stamped.[stæmp]光令mirror finishing光滑表面smooth surface光边polishing光边直砂6—12polished brushing光边圆砂circular polished brushing防水度water-resistant level直砂6-12 brushing砂纹sand brushing涂油add grease .[ɡri:s]镀黑black chrome plating .[krəʊm]填黑油black filled鱼鳞纹armor brushing.['ɑ:mə]圆砂circular brushing蚀字chemical etching .['etʃɪŋ]喷砂sand brushing横砂3-9brushing镭射字体laser二、表面（Dial）分位字尾minute struck日历窗date frame .[freim]字印marking字钉index.['indeks表面surface表面加工ackground finishing面底色background color面厚dial thickness面窗dial ring时位字尾hour struck牌子名brand name点dot镶唛applied logo钻石diamond钻石托diamond bushings三、表针（Hand）山型顶faceted分针minute hand平顶flat百分秒针chromo second hand .['krəuməu]夜光luminous .['lu:minəs]秒针second hand针高hand height四、底盖（Caseback）刀口位opening slot内字印inside marking外字印outside marking波子底back snap底保护贴back protective sticker .['st i kə]底匙眼back key slot底盖caseback螺丝screw螺丝牙screw thread .[θred]米底point snap湾形底curved caseback .[kə:v]五、表带（caseband /wristket /band）中珠center link皮带strap/leather皮带扣利口tongue皮带环loop扣制buckle ['bʌkl]尾珠end piece拆生珠removable link/adjustable link表带caseband /wristket /band潜水扣dive buckle单接皮带扣deploy .[di'plɔi]边珠side link实心珠solid link珠宝扣jewellery buckle蝴蝶扣butterfly buckle双开蝴蝶扣hidden butterfly pushed button头珠starting piece壳:Case表胚：watch blank表圈：watch bezel表面：dial晌圈：springed metal ring内影：metal case decoratiue ring不锈钢实心表带：stainless steel semi-solid band包边带：side-wrapped band包边不锈钢表带：side-wrapped stainless steel band 织网表带：mesh band芯片：chip钨钢：tungsten steel皮表带：leather strap皮带扣：buckle forstap霸的：crown霸管：crown tube霸芯及驳管：stem and stem extension胶内影：housing/movement holder蓝宝石玻璃：sapphire crystal普通玻璃：ordinary glass凸晶玻璃：eye glass底盖：back cover生耳：spring bar生耳杆：T-bars with studs orscrews拆生钢枝：s/s pins and shafts拆生锣丝：removable screwed pin搓花钢枝：s/s knurled pins弹簧扣：spring buckel龟壳扣：clasps蝴蝶扣：folding clasps /butterfly style buckle 鸭嘴扣：duck-mouth buckle圆头饰钉：cabochon机芯：movement移印：padprinting吸塑包装：blister&packaging真空镀膜：vacuum coating蚀麦：etchedtrade mark單卜:dome len雙卜:curved len箭咀arrow .['ærəu]六、配件电池battery螺丝的头screw crown螺钉screw pin螺丝耳杆screw spring bar单胶圈的头single o-ring crown双胶圈的头double o-ring crown按的push button八角线octagon thread .['ɔktə,gɔn]八角形的octagon六角形的hexagon填夜光油luminous filled机芯movement实配机芯casing针pin软O-Ring soft o-ring硬o-ring rigid o-ring软胶I令soft plastic I-ring硬胶I令rigid I-ring白色I令white I-ring半透明I令semi-transparent I-ring发夹hair pin贴纸tape双面胶double side tape大头针friction pin字母通capsa pin-pipe（tube）压罩compression on holder[kəm'preʃən]内罩movement holder螺丝巴管screw tubeT行巴管T-tube巴芯stem湾生耳banded spring bar生耳spring bar无托生耳free stand spring bar单托生耳single stand spring bar双托生耳dual stand spring bar ['dju:əl]平头连斜巴flat head with chamfer平头巴的flat head圆头巴的round headT形巴的T-crown丝印玻璃silk screen glass镀膜玻璃plating glass单卜玻璃one side curved glass双卜玻璃both side curved glass蓝宝石水晶sapphire crystal .['sæf,aɪə]玻璃glass白板玻璃mineral glass水晶玻璃crystal glass七、组立（装配）不防水water proof failed不动formfit加防水油add silicon oil半跌half drop全跌full drop玻璃不配壳glass not fitting on case装配assembly配合fitting配带caseband fitting壳带配合不良poor fitting for case band 八、性能（function）拉力pull force顶力retention force.[ri'tenʃən]横拉力horizontal pull force .[,hɔri'zɔntəl]防水测试不合格water test failed防潮water resist退return九、结构面平flat surface镶石圈stone top ringO-ring 坑o-ring ditch/ groove刀口位开在opening notch at .[nɔtʃ]刀口位opening slot大身3-9case side wall大身面3-9case surface细身面6-12case surface细身6-12case side wall开面opening开粗roughing内耳款inner lug width内映reflector内影圈erflector ring丝吼inside diameter .[dai'æmitə]圈bezel弹珠结构ball structure止口高position for snap胶水glue展开长度open-up length压缩长度compressed length外耳款outer lug width避针为hand clearance夜光luminescent顶圈top ring壳耳case lug单卜upper curve bottom .[kə:v]石拓stone bushing巴孔crown opening圆壳round case方壳square case异形壳irregular case底平flat bottom企身为standing point字深=0.5depth of text=0.50有电池托w/battery strop没电池托w/o battery strop耳长lug diameter叉耳fork legs耳吼lug hole耳底lug case耳面lug surface耳脚lug stand耳款lug width检验尺寸inspection size加工尺寸production size按的位position for push button 玻璃位glass position石爪prong假螺钉decorating screw十、缺陷不足够insufficient [ɪnsə'fɪʃənt]磨罍over polishing电镀不良poor plating车线不良poor stitching ['stitʃiŋ]太长too long太短too short太小too small污物dirts利边sharp edge批锋burr.[bɜ:]甩字钉index fall out松loose花scratched表面脱色dial discolor欠缺missing出问题found problems打磨不良poor polishing砂孔sand hole砂过界over brushing打磨错误wrong polishing突出protruded.[prəʊ'tru:d]振刀纹rough turning mark氧化斑点oxidize spot.['ɔksɪ,daɪz]破裂crack起泡bubble崩dented脱落come off倾斜poor printing损坏damaged紧tight轻微minor胶水过多excessive glue断裂broken蜡屎wax严重major变形deformed十一、其它反面图reversed view正常normal名称title制图drafter注意打磨caution on finishing待定T.B.A玻璃外围尺寸outer glass diameter要点remark规格format标准/正规standard检查/签名checker进出口import/export时装表fashion watch经典表classic watch运动表sports watch女/男装women/man model女/男装lady /gents model童装kids watch电子表digital watch日本/瑞士机芯Japan or Swiss movement 日本石英Japan quartz唛头logo/marking士啤spare parts大/小尺寸big/small size抛光polishing/shiny电镀plating防水water resistant功能function皮料/色卡material collection目录catalogue/catalog参考reference附上的附件attached/attachment图片/相片picture/photo方形/圆形square/round shaped椭圆oval .['əuvəl]有/无按的with/ without pusher产品/生产production/product彩图colourful drawing表面设计dial design确认/再次确认conform/double confirm 取消/保留cancel/keep订单order翻单repeat order新订单new order新款new model原始订单original order同样板一样same as sample样品sample出货样shipment sample确认样approval sample假版dummy sample .['dʌmi:]包装packing装箱单packing list发票invoice毛重/净重gross or net weight艺术字artwork单词/字母，信word /letter纸盒paper box小贴纸small sticker标签label吊牌hangtagPP胶袋polybag气泡袋bubble bag详细资料details间电tow-tone透明的transparent时间time多功能计时chrono中间middle左边left右边right1>表壳加工处理电镀（Electro-plating）电染（Anode-oxidizing）蚀字（Acid Etching）镶石（Stone setting/mounting）丝印（Silk printing）烧焊（Solder/Braze）烧青（Epoxy）线切割（Wire-Cut）2>表面内影(Inner Ring)太阳纹底纹(Sunray)油压底纹(Deep press pattern/texture pattern)搪瓷面(Enamel)半消光(Semi-Glossy)镶钉（植钉/真钉/铆钉）(Applied Index Riveted)贴钉（UP钉）(UP labeling)车CD纹（眼钉）(Circular /CD pattern)啤凸(Emboss)3>表针(Hands)时针(Hour hand)分针(Minute hand)长秒针(Second hand)小秒针(small hand)浅绿色夜光(Light green luminous)白夜光(White Luminous)4>表带（Watch band）不锈钢带(S/S band )(Bracelet)实芯钢带(Solid S/S band)包边钢带(Rolled S/S band)片钢带(Folded S/S band)弹弓带（Spring buckle）保险带(Safety buckle)实芯蝴蝶扣(Solid butterfly buckle)成表配件中英文对照1>成表(Completed Watch)石英表(Quartz Watch)计时码表(Chronograph watch)自动表(Automatic Watch)跳字行针表(Analogical Digital Watch)2>表壳壳胚(Blank)玻璃(Glass)普通玻璃(Mineral Glass)蓝宝石玻璃（Sapphire Glass）半蓝宝石玻璃(Semi-sapphire glass)I令(I ring)霸的（表冠）(Crown)霸的管（Crown Tube）按的(Pusher)壳圈（Bezel）分圈(Top Ring)锑片(Aluminium foil)机芯罩(Movement Holder)底盖(Case Back)铜底盖(S/S case back)透视底盖(See-through case back)锁底盖(Screw back)O令(O-ring)(Gasket)生耳/钢闩（End-piece/pin）3>表壳打磨拉沙（Hair Brushed）12/6H方向直沙(912/6H vertical brushed) 3/9H方向横沙(3/6H horizontal brushed)圆沙(Circle brushed)喷沙(Fine Sand Blasted)光令（Satin/Polish）。
Defects finding:finishing / presentation后整color off standard色差bleeding 露牙poor pressing/folding熨功欠佳shading garment色差bleach spots漂白斑點label unreadable or incorrectfabric streaks痕poor lable sewing,tie space嘜頭車縫位置slub粗短紗under or over washed洗水效果過重collar roll shapecrocking holes針孔polybag printing defect膠袋印錯字streaks染色痕dirt&oil damaged polybag膠袋破損broken yarn斷紗cleaning fluid residue液體殘留hole破孔dirt marks,ink污痕packing comopliancespots污漬oil stain油污barre橫痕workmanship barcode sticker unreadable條碼貼紙印字misweave錯織 broken stitch斷線incorrect or missing hangtag挂牌錯誤或欠fly yarn飛毛untrimmed thread線頭未剪清box end lblpulls,knots or netting hidden contrast threads藏撞色線頭foreign stickers or marksdefective logo,emb,patches run off stitch線落坑incorrect packed quality包裝數錯誤車章/車花/貼布疵點pleats打摺mixed skuincorrect logo車章不對poor mending埋夾logo bleeding,oil stain油污needle cut針孔incomplete placement位置不對open seams破骨logo print crocking or cracking印花excess threads of backing puckered or wary seams起波浪embroidery needle cut繡花針痕raw edges爆紙口color matching配色loose, skip stitching跳線missing or damage trim未修整/ presentation后整sing/folding熨功欠佳eadable or incorrecte sewing,tie space嘜頭車縫位置不佳printing defect膠袋印錯字polybag膠袋破損comoplianceticker unreadable條碼貼紙印字不清晰 or missing hangtag挂牌錯誤或欠挂牌ickers or markspacked quality包裝數錯誤。
常見鈑金設計術語中英文對照表海外工程图面标注说明英文化.中文名称英文名称中文名称英文名称向上抽孔upward extrude 压线 score 向下抽孔downward extrude 垫脚 locator 正面压螺母(钉)(柱) positive pressing nut(screw) (standoff)色拉孔counter sink反面压螺母(钉)(柱) negative pressing nut(screw) (standoff)向上凸点upward bump正面色拉孔 positive counter sink向下凸点downward bump反面色拉孔negative counter向上半剪upward halt-shear 向上抽芽孔 upward threaded holedownward halt-shear 向下抽芽孔downward threaded 半剪 halt-shear向上反折压平upward folding and flattening 接地标志向下反折压平downward folding and flattening 螺柱点焊 spot weld 穿孔(通孔) through hole丝印 silk screen 抽引,抽凸draw, extrude攻芽 tap 冲孔pierce(pier cing)断差 offset 变形deformatio n压平(两个料厚) hem 成形form(formi ng)向上抽引,抽凸upward draw, form 凸点bump抽凸downward draw, form 拉钉 rivet 扩孔enlarge hole 规格大小specificati on代号 mark 数量amount加工性质character 备注instruction表二 (钣金设计中常用的其它术语)中文名称英文名称中文名称英文名称扩孔enlarge hole 自铆self-chinching 全周压毛边all round burr 平头拉钉 set-head rivet 表面处理finish 定位销 dowel pin挂钩hook 平头铆钉closed-end rivet焊接线weld line 塑料固定栓fastener,plastic,push-type 压合胶粘剂pressuresensitiveadhesive 尼龙绑带tie wrap,五金件hardware 泡棉静电导片gasket, foam, emi 贴纸labeling 铍铜静电导片 gasket, beck, emi 烤漆 paint 圆头螺钉button-head screw电镀plating 平头螺母 nut flush铭板nameplate 平齐自铆flush, self-clinching 包装packing 紧固螺丝 fix screw铁材零件sheetmetal parts 组装assembly 塑料零件plastic parts 凹陷,顶针 sink mark压边铆钉open-endrivet / /插孔 jackcaps表三 (钣金设计中常用的其它术语)中文名称英文名称中文名称英文名称厚度 thick 文字,记号char actor半冲孔spring slice 角corner基座chassis 自锁螺母 nut self-clenching 承座bracket 轴肘式铆接toggle lock 承架horsing 卡尺 caliper 下盖 base 打印字模stamp letter去毛边deburr反面 far side正面inside下料blank(blan king)去除remove量具measuring tools板规 plate gauge比例规proportion al dividersstandard gauge齿轮规gear tooth gauge丁字尺 t-square分线规divider; dividers钢尺 steel rule工作量规working gauge厚薄规feeler(gau ge)角尺 angle square角规 angle gauge金属卷尺metallic tape卡尺calipers; caliper刻度尺graduation ruler块规gauge(blo ck)量规gauge螺距规screw pitch螺纹千分尺 screw micromete 内径千分尺micromete r inside caliper; inside内卡钳inside caliper皮尺tape(/mea sure)surface gauge千分表dial千分尺micromete 曲尺carpenters square三角尺 set square深度千分尺micromete r depth gauge; depth椭圆规ellipsogra ph外径千分尺 outside micromete 外卡钳outside caliper隙规gap(/clear ance)线规 wire gauge斜角规bevel square游标卡尺vernier caliper圆规compasse 折尺folding pocket measure(/直尺straight edge中心规centre gauge锥度规taper gaugecombinati on set。
紫禁城介绍英文版1The Forbidden City, a magnificent and mysterious masterpiece, stands as a testament to China's rich history and profound culture. It was first built during the Ming Dynasty and underwent numerous expansions and renovations throughout the years. Can you imagine the grandeur and meticulous planning that went into its construction?During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it served as the imperial palace, the heart of political power and cultural hub. It was a place where emperors made momentous decisions that shaped the destiny of the nation. How awe-inspiring is that?The architecture of the Forbidden City is a symphony of beauty and precision. The elaborate palaces, the splendid gardens, and the intricate decorations all speak volumes about the craftsmanship and artistry of that era. But why has it endured through the ages and still captivates our hearts today?It became a World Heritage Site, recognized globally for its unparalleled historical and cultural value. This is not just a title but a validation of its significance. How fortunate we are to have such a treasure!The Forbidden City is not just a collection of buildings; it is a living chronicle of China's past. It reminds us of the glory and wisdom of ourancestors. Isn't it a source of pride and inspiration for us all? Let us cherish and protect this precious heritage for generations to come.2The Forbidden City, a magnificent masterpiece of architecture, stands as a glorious symbol of China's rich history and profound culture! It is a place that evokes awe and wonder.The layout of the palaces within the Forbidden City is truly remarkable. The orderly arrangement of various buildings showcases a sense of grandeur and harmony. The main halls are placed in a strategic sequence, creating a solemn and imposing atmosphere. How magnificent it is!The architectural style is a blend of elegance and strength. The delicate carvings on the pillars and the elaborate rooftops adorned with glazed tiles are simply breathtaking! And the use of traditional colors like red and yellow adds to the splendor.The traditional cultural elements within are fascinating. The dragon and phoenix patterns, symbols of power and auspiciousness, can be seen everywhere. Isn't it a wonder how these elements have been incorporated so seamlessly?The Forbidden City is not just a collection of buildings; it is a living testament to the wisdom and creativity of the ancient Chinese. It is a place that makes us ponder over the past and appreciate the beauty of our heritage.What an extraordinary place it is!3The Forbidden City, a remarkable symbol of China's rich history and culture, holds within its walls a treasure trove of precious artifacts. Oh, what a wonder it is! Among these treasures are exquisite paintings and calligraphy that showcase the masterful skills of ancient artists. The strokes and colors seem to tell tales of bygone eras. There are also delicate porcelain works, each one a masterpiece of craftsmanship. How astonishing!To protect these invaluable relics, numerous measures have been taken. Advanced climate control systems have been installed to maintain a stable environment. This ensures that the temperature and humidity levels are just right to prevent damage. Security systems have been enhanced to safeguard against theft and vandalism. Isn't it wonderful that such efforts are made?Special conservation labs have been established where experts painstakingly restore and preserve damaged artifacts. They use their expertise and modern techniques to bring these treasures back to life. The dedication and passion of these conservators are truly inspiring!The protection of the Forbidden City's cultural relics is not only a responsibility but also a commitment to preserving our heritage for future generations. How important and meaningful it is! Let us all appreciate andsupport these efforts to keep the splendor of the Forbidden City alive.4The Forbidden City, a magnificent and historic masterpiece, stands as a testament to the glorious past of China. When tourists step into this grand palace complex, they are immediately overwhelmed by its sheer scale and splendor. The towering palaces, with their elaborate rooftops and intricately carved details, draw gasps of awe and admiration. "Oh, what a sight to behold!" they exclaim.The rich history and profound culture embedded within the walls of the Forbidden City leave a deep impression on every visitor. As they walk along the ancient corridors and gaze at the precious artifacts, they can't help but wonder about the lives of the emperors and their courts. "How did they live in such opulence and power?"The beautiful gardens and peaceful courtyards offer a moment of tranquility amidst the grandeur. Tourists find themselves lost in thought, reflecting on the passage of time and the significance of this heritage. "Isn't it amazing how this place has survived through the ages?"The Forbidden City is not just a collection of buildings; it is a living museum that tells stories of a bygone era. It is a place where one can truly immerse themselves in history and feel the pulse of the past. Every corner, every brick, and every artifact has a tale to tell. "What a remarkable journey it is to explore this place!"Visiting the Forbidden City is an experience that lingers in the hearts and minds of tourists long after they have left. It is a journey that combines wonder, inspiration, and a profound appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of China.5The Forbidden City, standing majestically in the heart of Beijing, China, is a wonder that has left an indelible mark on the world's architectural and cultural landscape. Oh, what a remarkable place it is!When we compare it with other famous palace buildings around the world, its uniqueness becomes strikingly apparent. Take, for instance, the Palace of Versailles in France. While both are symbols of power and opulence, the Forbidden City has a distinct charm. Its layout, with its symmetrical design and vast courtyards, creates a sense of order and harmony that is truly awe-inspiring. How could one not be amazed by its intricate architecture and the profound meaning embedded in every detail?The Forbidden City is not just a collection of buildings; it is a living testament to China's rich history and cultural traditions. It has witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties, and its walls hold countless stories. Isn't it astonishing how such a place has endured through the ages, still captivating the hearts and minds of people from all corners of the world?It has contributed greatly to the world's architectural heritage. Its influence can be seen in the design of palaces and buildings in othercountries. The use of traditional materials and construction techniques showcases the ingenuity of ancient Chinese architects. How remarkable it is that this masterpiece continues to inspire and influence modern architecture!In conclusion, the Forbidden City is not only a treasure of China but also a precious gem for the entire world. Its significance will forever shine brightly in the annals of human history.。
Brock Biology of MicroorganismsBilingual Glossary（For Internal Circulation Only）微生物学术语双语（中英文）对照北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院微生物教研室谢响明生物秀－专心做生物ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ2007年6月10日Catalogue目录Chapter1 Microorganisms and MicrobiologyChapter 2 An Overview of Microbial LifeChapter 3 MacromoleculesChapter 4 Cell Structure/FunctionChapter5 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture, and Metabolism of MicroorganismsChapter 6 Microbial GrowthChapter 7 Principles of Microbial Molecular Biology Chapter 8 Regulation of Gene ExpressionChapter 9 Essentials of VirologyChapter 10 Bacterial GeneticsChapter 11 Microbial Evolution and Systematics Chapter 15 Microbial GenomicsChapter 18 Methods in Microbial EcologyChapter 19 Microbial Habitats, Nutrients Cycles Chapter 20 Microbial Growth ControlBilingual Glossary for MicrobiologyChapter 1Landmark：里程碑Ramifications：分支non-cellular life ：非细胞生命prion：朊病毒microbial diversity and evolution：微生物的多样性和进化pathogens：病原体genetic engineering：基因工程entity：实体macromolecules：大分子Reproduction：繁殖Differentiation：分化Communication：信息沟通coding devices：编码机制attributes：特征，品质coordination.：协调regulation：调节optimally attuned to最适地调和populations：种群habitat.：生境assemblages：集合体microbial communities：微生物群落biofilms：生物被膜hot springs：温泉Aquatic：水生的Terrestrial：陆生的Prokaryotic cells：原核细胞ecosystem ：生态系统biomass：生物量nitrogen：氮phosphorus：磷Bubonic Plague：鼠疫Fleas：跳蚤Mortality：死亡率Grotesque：奇异Liquefy：液化Influenza and pneumonia：流感和肺炎Tuberculosis：肺结核spontaneous generation：自然发生学说microbes：微生物Broth：肉汤Flask：烧瓶Guncotton filters：棉花滤器Dissolved：溶解的Ether：醚Particles：微粒flask with swan neck：曲颈瓶sterilization：灭菌vaccines：疫苗anthrax：炭疽热fowl cholera：禽流感rabies：狂犬病Germ theory：病菌说Koch’s postulates：科赫假设(法则) contagious diseases：传染病artificially infected animals：人工感染的动物Solid medium：固体培养基Gelatin：明胶Agar：琼脂Colony formation：菌落形成Differential staining：鉴别染色Pure culture：纯培养isolation：分离, 隔离inoculation：接种Tuberculin：结核菌素Diagnosis：诊断Subdisciplines：（学科的）分支enrichment culture：富集培养aerobic：需氧的N-fixing bacteria：固氮细菌sulfate-reducing：硫酸盐还原sulfur-oxidizing bacteria：硫氧化细菌root nodule：根瘤Lactobacillus：乳酸杆菌tobacco mosaic virus：烟草花叶病毒tenets：原则virology：病毒学nitrifying bacteria：硝化细菌nitrification：硝化作用oxidation of ammonia to nitrate：从氨氧化为硝酸盐hydrogen sulfide：硫化氰chemolithotrophy：无机化能营养型autotrophs：自养生物anaerobe ：厌氧生物Clostridium pasteurianum：巴斯德羧菌属Medical microbiology and immunology：医学微生物学和免疫学Aquatic microbiology：水生微生物学Microbial ecology：微生物生态学Microbial systematic：微生物的系统学Microbial physiology：微生物生理学Cytology ：细胞学Bacterial genetics：细菌遗传学Chapter 2Evolutionary History：进化史Elements：原理，基础Viral Structure：病毒结构The Tree of Life：生命树Physiological：生理学的Eukaryotic：真核的Cytoplasmic (cell)membrane：细胞质膜Cytoplasm：细胞质Macromolecules：大分子Ribosome：核糖体organic molecules：有机分子inorganic ions：无机离子rod-shaped prokaryote：杆状原核生物organelles：细胞器Archaea：古生菌Nucleus：细胞核（nuclear的复数）Mitochondrion（Mitochondrion复数）线粒体Chloroplast：叶绿体Metazoans：后生生物Cytoplasmic：细胞质的Membrane：膜，隔膜Endoplasmic reticulum：内质网Nucleoid：类核，拟核Nucleolus：核仁Nuclear：核的，细胞核Static：静态的metabolic abilities：代谢能力biosynthetic：生物合成genetic alterations：遗传改造Genomes：基因组Chromosome：染色体Circular：环状copy：拷贝haploid：单倍体extrachromosomal：染色体外的plasmids：质粒conferring：赋予properties：性质，特性Packaged ：包裹的Yeast：酵母Folding：折叠的Packing：包装gene expression：基因表达diploid：二倍体cell division：细胞分裂mitosis：有丝分裂mitotic division：有丝分裂a full complement of genes：一整套基因meiosis：减数分裂gametes：配子sexual reproduction：有性繁殖Fusion：融合Zygote：接合子，受精卵Sequenced：测序的Phylogeny：系统发生Phylogenetically：系统发生地deduced from 从推论出comparative sequencing：比较测序Ribosomal RNA：核糖体RNAbarometers ：气压计clinic：临床microbiology：微生物学identical copies：相同的拷贝polymerase chain reaction (PCR)：聚合酶链式反应aligned ：排列的algorithm：运算法则pair-wise comparisons：配对比较Domains：域Lineages：血统，世系Proteobacteria：蛋白细菌Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Hyperthermophiles：极端嗜热菌Methanogens：产甲烷菌extreme halophiles：极端嗜盐菌slime molds：黏菌flagellates：鞭毛虫giardia：双滴虫（贾弟虫属）Eukarya (eukaryotes)：真核生物Morphology：形态学Motility：运动性Mechanism：机制Developmental biology：发育生物学Adaptation：适应environmental extremes：极端环境Organic chemicals：有机化合物Inorganic chemicals：无机化合物Oxidizing：氧化Conserved：保存，保留high-energy compound：高能量化合物Aerobes：需氧生物Anaerobes：厌氧生物Chemoorganotrophs：化能有机营养生物Chemolithotrophs：化能无机营养生物Phototrophic：光和营养的Pigments：色素major nutrient：主要营养Heterotrophic：异养的Autotrophic：自养的Autotrophs；自养生物primary producers：初级生产者extreme environmental habitats：极端环境生境extremophiles：极端环境微生物，嗜极菌hot spring：温泉tolerant ：忍耐的pathogenic：致病的Phylum：门Aquifex：产液菌属Thermotoga：栖热孢菌属green nonsulfur bacteria：绿色非硫细菌deinococcus：异常球菌属spirochetes：螺旋体green sulfur bacteria紫硫细菌planctomyces：浮霉状菌属phylogenetic：系统发生的depicted：描述的marine：海洋halobacterium：盐杆菌属natronobacterium：嗜盐碱杆菌属halophilic methanogens：嗜盐产烷生物methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌属thermoplasma：热源体属methanobacterium：甲烷杆菌属methanococcus：甲烷球菌属pyrococcus：火球菌属pyrolobus：热叶菌属methanopyrus：嗜热甲烷菌属thermoproteus：热变形菌属desulfurococcus：硫还原球菌属sulfolobus：硫化叶菌属hyperthermophiles：嗜热细菌halophiles：嗜盐菌acidophiles：嗜酸菌filamentous：丝状的Protozoans：原生动物Motile：运动的Lichens：地衣Diplomonads：双滴虫Trichomonads：毛滴虫，微孢子虫Flagellates：鞭毛虫Ciliates：纤毛虫Green algae：绿藻Red algae：红藻Fungi：真菌Diatoms：硅藻属Brown algae：褐藻Apex：顶点Chapter 4Locomotion:运动、行动Inclusions：内含物、包涵物Light Microscopy：光学显微镜Bright-field：明视野Phase contrast：相差Dark-field：暗视野Fluorescence：荧光Magnification：放大率Resolution：分辨率Staining：染色Increasing Contrast for Bright-Field Microscopy：提高明视野显微镜的对比效果positively charged (cationic)：带正电的（阳离子，正离子）negatively charged：带负电的polysaccharide：多糖cationic dyes：阳离子染料Methylene blue：亚甲蓝Crystal violet：结晶紫Safranin：番红Differential stains-Gram stain：鉴别染色—格兰氏染色Gram-positive：格兰氏阳性Gram-negative：格兰氏阴性ethanol decolorizing：乙醇脱色refractive index：折射率specimen：样品scatter：分散，散射chlorophyll (autofluorescence)：叶绿素（自身荧光）Three-Dimensional Imaging：三维成像Drawbacks：限制，缺点Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC)：相差干涉显微镜Nucleus：核Eukaryotic cells：真核细胞Spores：孢子、芽孢Vacuole：液泡Granule：颗粒internal structure：内部结构Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)：原子力显微镜Fixatives:固定剂Coatings：膜、层、覆盖物Hydrated：水合物Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM)：聚焦扫描激光显微镜Couples：连接，伴随Habitat：生境resolving power：分辨率vacuum：真空Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)：透射电子显微镜thin sectioning, 超薄切片EM staining：电子显微镜染色Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)：扫描电子显微镜external features：外部特征prokaryote：原核生物Coccus (cocci)：球菌Rod：杆菌Spirilla：螺菌Spirochetes：螺旋体Appendaged bacteria：附属细菌Filamentous bacteria：丝状细菌in general inversely proportional to cell size：从大体上说是于细胞大小成反比的nanobacteria：纳米细菌precipitates：沉淀物biofilms：生物膜surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio表面积与体积比Membrane Transport Systems：膜运输系统Peptidoglycan：肽聚糖outer Membrane：外膜Glycerol backbone：甘油主键fatty acids：脂肪酸phosphate-containing groups-ester linkage：含有磷酸的基团—酯键phospholipid bilayer：磷脂双分子层hydrophobic：疏水的hydrophilic：亲水的phosphate group：磷酸基团embedded：内嵌的hydrophobic external surface spanning the membrane：疏水的外表面跨膜hydrogen bonds：氢键hydrophobic interaction：疏水相互作用transverse：横切fluid mosaic：流动镶嵌Membrane Strengthening Agents: Sterols and Hopanoids：膜巩固剂：固醇和类何帕烷chemical composition：化学组分methanotrophic：嗜甲烷细菌mycoplasmas：支原体exception：例外side chains：侧链isoprene：异戊二烯Glycerol diethers：甘油二醚glycerol tetraethers：甘油四醚monolayers：单分子层hyperthermophilic：极端嗜热Permeability barrier：渗透屏障（透性障）passive leakage：被动泄漏Protein anchor：蛋白锚定Energy conservation：能量贮存Proton motive force：质子动力Aquaporins：水通道蛋白low osmotic conditions：低渗透势条件hypo-osmotic shock：低渗透压休克Simple diffusion：简单扩散Carrier-mediated process：载体介导过程Uptake：摄取、吸收Saturated：饱和的Symporter：同向运输蛋白Uniporter:单向运输蛋白Antiporters：逆向运输蛋白Lac Permease：乳糖透过酶Lactose：乳糖Group translocation：基团转位Phosphotransferase system：磷酸转移酶系统Glucose：葡萄糖Mannose：甘露糖Fructose：果糖Phosphorylation：磷酸化Dephosphorylation：去磷酸化cascading fashion：级联方式phosphoenolpyruvate：磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸Periplasmic：周质的periplasmic -binding protein：周质结合蛋白maltose：麦芽糖disaccharide sugar：双糖a family of related proteins：相关蛋白的家族High affinity for substrate：对底物的高亲和力Hydrolysis：水解drive transport across the membrane：促进跨膜运输translocase：移位酶amylase：淀粉酶cellulase：纤维素酶starch：淀粉cellulose：纤维素toxin：毒素deleterious：有害的solutes：溶质turgor pressure：膨胀压Multilayered structure and complex：多层结构和复合体Periplasm space：周质空间Teichoic acids:磷壁酸ribitol phosphate residues核糖醇磷酸盐残基Lipoteichoic acid：脂磷壁酸Murein：胞壁质Derive：衍生物N-acetylglucosamine (G)：N—乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylmuramic acid (M)：N—乙酰胞壁酸L-alanine：L—丙氨酸D-glutamic acid：D—谷氨酸L-lysine：L—赖氨酸diaminopimelic acid (DAP)：二氨基庚二酸tetrapeptide：四肽glycan：聚糖ß-1,4 linkage：ß-1,4连接interbridge：肽间桥capsular polymers：荚膜Protoplasts：原生质体Spheroplasts：原生质球Mycoplasma：支原体Osmotically：渗透地Thermoplasma：热原体属Lysozyme：溶菌酶Penicillin：青霉素ß-1,4 –glycosidic bonds：ß-1,4糖苷键saliva：唾液autolysin：自溶素transpeptidation：转肽Pseudopeptidoglycan：假肽聚糖N-acetyltalosaminuronic acids：N-乙酰塔罗糖胺糖醛酸Glycosidic bonds：糖苷键Polysaccharide：多糖Glycoprotein：糖蛋白Methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌glucuronic acid葡糖醛酸：galactosamine：半乳糖胺acetate：乙酸haiophilic Archaea：嗜盐古生菌Halococcus：盐球菌Paracrystalline surface layer：类结晶表面层hexagonal symmetry：六角对称lipopolysaccharide (LPS layer) ：脂多糖Core polysaccharide：核心多糖O-polysaccharide：O—特异侧链LipidA：类脂ADisaccharide：双糖Endotoxin：内毒素Pathogenic：致病的Shigella：志贺氏菌属mol-weight ：分子量Hydrolytic enzymes：水解酶Chemoreceptor：化学受体Flagella：鞭毛（复数）Flagellum：鞭毛Peritrichous：周生Polar：极生Lophotrichous：丛生Filament：鞭毛丝Flagellin：鞭毛蛋白Hook：钩motor portion：motor蛋白L-ring：L环P-ring：P环MS-ring：MS环Flexing：摆动Cheetah：猎豹Gliding：滑动Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Myxococcus xanthus：黄色粘球菌physical or chemical gradients：物理或化学梯度Chemotaxes：趋化性Phototaxes：趋光性Other Taxes：其他趋性Temporal：时间的Spatial：空间的Tumbles：翻滚Attractant：引诱剂Scotophobotaxis (darkness escaping phototaxis)：避暗趋光性Aerotaxis：趋氧性Osmotaxis：趋渗透性Elucidated：阐述signal transduction pathway,：信号传导途径Gas Vesicle：气泡Endospore：芽孢Fimbriae：菌毛Pili：性毛Pellicles：菌膜Conjugation：接合Symmetries：对称性Capsules and Slime Layers:荚膜和黏液层The Glycocalyx：多糖包被Matrix：矩阵Deformed：变形Phagocytic：吞噬细胞的Desiccation：干燥作用Carbon Storage Polymers：碳源贮存物PHB, poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid：聚ß羟丁酸PHA, poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate：聚ß羟基链烷酸Magnetosomes：磁小体Intracellular crystal particles：细胞内晶体颗粒Magnetotaxis：趋磁性aquatic Bacteria：水生细菌buoyancy：浮力purple and green phototrophic bacteria：紫色和绿色光养细菌watertight：防水的ribs：脊ß-sheet：ß折叠ą-helix：ą螺旋Germination：萌发Halotolerant：耐盐的Permian：休眠Dominican amberGut：消化道Morphology：形态学Refractile：折光的Exosporium：孢子外壁Cortex：皮层Calcium-dipicolinic acid complex：钙—吡啶二羧酸Cytoplasm：细胞质Small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs：酸溶小芽孢蛋白Ceases：终止Sporulation：芽孢形成Bacillus subtili：枯草芽孢杆菌s Outgrowth：生长Chapter 51. Oxidation-Reduction 氧化还原反应2. Catabolic Pathways 异化途径3. Proton Motive Force 质子动势4. Macronutrients 大量营养元素5. Cytochromes 细胞色素6. cellular respiration 细胞呼吸7. Siderophores 铁传递蛋白8. hydroxamate, 异羟肟酸9．enterobactin 肠杆菌素10．Acuqchelin儿茶酚11. Micronutrients 微量营养元素12. Trace elements微量元素13. Streptococcus链球菌属14. Lactobacillus乳杆菌属15. Leuconostoc明串球菌属16. distilled water 蒸馏水17. casein 酪蛋白18. soybean 大豆19. Leuconostoc mesenteroides肠膜明串珠菌20. Fastidious 营养复杂的，挑剔的21. Aseptic Technique 无菌技术22. Exergonic 放能的23. Endergonic 吸能的24. Redox 氧化还原作用25. hydrogen atom 氢原子26. reactants 反应物27. Chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养28. Photophosphorylation 光和磷酸化29. Pyruvate 丙酮酸盐（或酯）30. Glycolysis 糖酵解31. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-磷酸甘油醛32. Saccharomyces cerevisa e啤酒酵母33. Beverage 饮料34. Yogurt 酸奶酪，酵母乳35. Pickled vegetables 盐渍蔬菜36. anaerobically 厌氧地37. Aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化38. Anaerobic oxidation 无氧氧化39. Dehydrogenase 脱氢酶40. Flavoproteins 黄素蛋白41. Iron-sulfur proteins 铁硫蛋白42. Quinones-non-protein 辅酶Q43. Heme 亚铁血红素44. Chemiosmosis 化学渗透势45. electrochemically potential 电子势46. alkaline 碱性的47. headpiece 帽子，头盔48. cyanide 氰化物49. Dinitrophenol(DNP) 二硝基苯酚50. Dicumarol 血液凝固防止剂51. the Citric Acid Cycle 柠檬酸循环52. aerobic respiration有氧呼吸53. Nitrate 硝酸盐54. ferric iron 铁离子55. sulfate 硫酸盐56. carbonate 碳酸盐57. Chemolithotrophy 矿质（无机）化能营养58. Ammonia 氨，氨水59. Chemolithotrophs 化能自养60. chemoorganotrophs 化能异养61. Phototrophy 光合营养62. Photoautotrophs 光合自养生物63. Phtoheterotrophs 光合异养生物64. Catabolism 分解代谢65. Anabolism 合成代谢Chapter 6Binary Fission二分裂Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Viable Counts活菌计数Turbidity浊度Continuous Culture连续培养Preexisting先前存在的Duplicate复制Monomers单体Coenzymes辅酶Cofactors辅助因子Polymerization reactions聚合反应Polymers聚合体Fts（f ilamentous t emperature s ensitive ）Protein ：丝状温敏蛋白mitochondria 线粒体chloroplasts叶绿体tubulin微管蛋白Divisome：分裂体Apparatus设备，仪器Cylinder圆柱体polymerize to form an intact ring聚合形成完整环penicillin青霉素MreBhomology 相同actin肌动蛋白cytoskeleton细胞骨架structural integrity结构的完整性autolysins自溶素lysozyme溶解酵素bactoprenol:细菌萜醇N-acetyl glucosamine N-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylemuramic acid N-乙酰胞壁酸Pentapeptide peptidoglycan precursors五肽肽聚糖前体物Transpeptidation 转肽作用muramic acid residues 胞壁酸残基adjacent glycan chains 邻近多糖链noteworthy 值得注目的periplasm 周质Unsterilized 未灭菌的Detrimental 有害的Slope 斜面Semilogarithmic 半对数的Vessel 导管，器皿Elapsed时间流逝Inoculum 接种体Cryptic 秘密的Counting chambers：计数室plate count 平板计数colony count菌落计数Serial Dilutions 系列稀释Statistically：统计学地colony-forming unit 菌落形成单位Anomaly 不规则Magnitude 数量，量级Photometer 光度计Spectrophotometer 分光光度计The Chemostat 恒化器Cardinal 主要的，最重要的Optimum 最适宜的Pschrophile 嗜冷生物Mesophile 嗜温生物Thermophile 嗜热生物Hyperthermophile 极端嗜热生物Extremophiles 极端生物Psychrotolerant 耐寒的unsaturated fatty acids 不饱和脂肪酸morphological and physiological types形态的和生理的类型a critical amino acid substitution关键的氨基酸替代物counterpart 副本，配对物hydrophobic interiors 疏水的内部saturated fatty acids 饱和脂肪酸isoprene 异戊二烯monolayer 单层melting 熔化annealing退火Acidophile 嗜酸细菌Thiobacillus硫杆菌属Sulfolobus 硫化叶菌属Thermoplasma热源体属Alkaliphile 嗜碱微生物Carotenoids：类胡萝卜素Proteases 蛋白酶Lipases 脂肪酶Detergent 清洁剂Water activity：水活度vapor pressure 蒸汽压Osmophiles 嗜渗透微生物Xerophiles 旱生生物Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Glycerol 甘油，丙三醇Glycosides 配糖类Glycine 甘氨酸，氨基乙酸Betaine 甜菜碱Praline 果仁糖Staphylococcus葡萄球菌potassium ions钾离子Aerobes 需氧生物Anaerobes 厌氧生物thioglycolate broth巯基乙酸盐肉汤Anoxic jar 厌氧罐anoxic glove bag 厌氧手套peroxidase enzymes 过氧化物酶Airborn bacteria 空气携带菌Catalase 过氧化氢酶Peroxidase 过氧化物酶Superoxide dismutase 超氧化歧化酶（SOD）Superoxide reductase 超氧化还原酶obligately anaerobic：专性厌氧的Pyrococcus furiousus：激烈热球菌Chapter 7Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Pathogenic 致病的Pneumonia 肺炎polysaccharide capsule 多糖荚膜pathogenicity 致病性transformation 转化Versatile 通用的，万能的in vivo体内in vitro体外ultracentrifugal, 超离心的diffusive 扩散electrophoretic 电泳的Polypeptide cleaving enzymes 多肽裂解酶Ribonulclease 核糖核酸酶Deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶Amino acid 氨基酸hydrogen bonds 氢键grooves 凹槽polynucleotide多（聚）核苷酸Supercoiling 超螺旋Twisted 盘旋Predominantly 主要地Nucleosome 核小体Torsion 扭转Gyrase 解旋酶Topoisomerase：拓扑异构酶Nonchromosomal 非染色体的Extracellular 细胞外的Templates 模板deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸isotope同位素Density gradient equilibrium sedimentation密度梯度平衡沉降Cesium chloride 氯化铯Centrifugation 离心Detection of peaks检测高峰fidelity 忠诚度dilemma 进退两难的局面Okazaki fragment 冈崎片断Polymerase 聚合酶Exonuclease 核酸外切酶Ligase 连接酶Helicase 螺旋酶Initiation 起始Elongation 延伸Termination 终止Triphosphate 三磷酸盐Purine 嘌呤Bacillus subtilis ：枯草芽孢杆菌intrinsic terminators 内在终止子Transcription 转录Cotranscribed 共转录Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Operon 操纵子introns 内含子exons 外显子Splicing 拼接Ribonucleoprotein核蛋白（略作RNP）Capping 加帽Polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸Deciphering 译码Polylysine多聚赖氨酸Polyproline 多聚脯氨酸Proline 脯氨酸Polyphenylalanine多聚苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸Trinucleotide 三核苷酸密码子Codons 密码子codon-degeneracy：密码子的简并性Formylmethionine 甲酰甲硫氨酸Methionine 蛋氨酸Methylated 甲基化的Synthetase 合成酶Catalyzing 催化The peptide transferase reaction 转肽反应Streptomycin 链霉素Puromycin 嘌呤霉素Chloramphenicol 氯霉素Cycloheximide 放线菌酮，环己酰亚胺Tetracycline 四环素molecular chaperones 分子伴侣aggregation 聚合Signal recognition particle (SRP) 信号识别颗粒Chapter 8Scarce protein 稀有蛋白Abundant protein 丰度蛋白Posttranslationally 翻译后地Coarser 粗糙的Precursor 前体物（分子），-先导物Degrading 降解Allostery 变构Conformational change 构象变化Isozymes 同工酶Covalent modification 共价修饰Methylation 甲基化Glutamine synthetase 谷氨酸盐合成酶allosteric enzyme 变构酶adenylylation 腺嘌呤形成Global Control全局调控Regulator proteins调节蛋白Histones 组蛋白Nucleosomes 核小体Inducer诱导物Substrate 底物Corepressor 辅阻遏物Polymerase 聚合酶Maltose regulon 麦芽糖调节子consensus sequence 保守序列utilization 利用operons 操纵子Regulon调节子global regulatory system全局调控系统lac Operon 乳糖操纵子simultaneously 同时地Constitutive mutant组成型突变体lactose 乳糖Glucose 葡萄糖glucose effect葡萄糖效应diauxic growth二次生长Catabolite Repression分解代谢物阻遏catabolite activator protein (CAP)激活蛋白（活化蛋白）cAMP-receptor protein (CRP)环腺苷酸受体蛋白hydrolyze 水解galactose 半乳糖Galactosidase半乳糖苷酶Hydrolysis 水解Modulates 调节galactoside permease 半乳糖苷透性酶thiogalactoside transacetylase 硫代半乳糖苷转乙酰酶allolactose 异乳糖diffusible 可扩散的Intact copy完整拷贝positive control正调节negative control副调节Attenuation 衰减，弱化Two-component Regulatory Systems双组分调控系统Sensory proteins (transducers)感受器蛋白MCP –transducers MCP感受器m ethyl-accepting c hemotaxis proteins(MCP)接受甲基趋化性蛋白Methylase甲基化酶Chemotaxis 趋化性Tryptophan Operon 色氨酸操纵子Tandom 串联重复Insufficient 不足Termination 终止Dual Regulation of Trp Operon色氨酸的二重调节Translational attenuation翻译衰减（弱化）Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌trp attenuation protein色氨酸弱化蛋白Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Heat Shock Response 热激反应Global Control Networks全局调控网络Quorum Sensing：最少密度感应degraded by proteases 被蛋白酶降解Heat shock protein热激蛋白chaperones (chaperonin) 分子伴侣acylated homoserine lactone 酰化的高丝氨酸内酯bioluminescence 生物发光Sensor Kinases感受器激酶phosphorylation 磷酸化The phosphoryl group 磷酰基团Demethylated 脱甲基Flagellum 鞭毛Rotation of flagellum鞭毛旋转clockwise 顺时针counterclockwise 逆时针Antisense Nucleic Acid反义核酸Compartmentation分区Polycistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA Splicing 接合，粘接Chapter 9Essentials本质Viral Replication病毒复制Viral Diversity病毒多样性Chromosome染色体Conferring new properties on the host赋予宿主新的特性Extracellular state-virus particles (virions)胞外状态-病毒颗粒（病毒粒子）Lysis：裂解genomic nucleic acid基因组核酸Intracellular state胞内状态the central dogma of molecular biology分子生物学中心法则Taxonomy分类学Bacteriophage嗜菌体Order目family (and subfamily)科（亚科）genus属species种morphology形态学suffix后缀Hepadnaviruses嗜肝DNA病毒Smallpox 天花病毒Polio virus 脊髄灰质炎病毒Nucleocapsid核壳体naked and enveloped裸露和包被的self-assembly自我装配molecular chaperones分子伴侣Virus Symmetry病毒对称Helical symmetry螺旋状对称Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)烟草花叶病毒Icosahedral Symmetry二十面体Complex viruses复合体病毒Complex Symmetry复合体对称lipid bilayer脂双层glycoproteins糖蛋白Lysozyme溶菌酶reverse transcriptase逆转录酶retroviruses逆转录病毒Neuraminadase 神经氨酸酶(唾液酸苷酶)Semiliquid半流体Protoplasts原生质体Monolayer单层permanent cell lines：亲本细胞系primary cell lines：原初细胞系virus infection unit病毒侵染单位Plaque嗜菌斑tumor virus肿瘤病毒Plaque assay空斑测定Titer滴度，效价Suspension悬浮液plaque-forming units噬菌斑形成单位Attachment and Penetration吸附和侵入tail fibers尾丝polysaccharide多聚糖tail pins尾针Contraction 收缩tail sheath尾鞘Restriction enzyme限制性酶Invasion入侵methylation of purine and pyrimidine bases嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的甲基化glucosylation糖基化methylation甲基化Virulent Bacteriophage裂性噬菌体Temperate Bacteriophage温和噬菌体Viriods and Prions类病毒和朊病毒Schematic representations示意表示图Linear线性的Encode编码Hydroxymethylcytosine羟甲基胞嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶restriction endonucleases限制性内切酶circularly permuted环状变化Terminal repeats 末端重复Concatemer多联体Lysogeny溶原性Synchrony同步Provirus前病毒nitrogen mustards氮芥cohesive粘性的lysis or lysogeny裂解或溶源bidirection双向repressor protein 阻遏蛋白irrevocably不可逆地integrase整合酶PE(promoter establishment)启动子建立Topoisomerase拓扑异构酶Bracket括号Excisionase切除酶Compartmentation分隔Polycistronic多顺反子性的Monocistronic单顺反子性的5’ methylated guanosine triphosphate cap and 3’ poly A tail：5’甲基化三磷酸鸟苷酸帽子和3’多聚腺苷酸尾巴Endocytosis 内吞作用Lytic infection裂解传染Persistent infection持久传染Latent infection潜伏传染Foci焦距benign 良性的malignant 恶性的metastasis转移oncogenes致癌基因intermediate中间的Human immunodefiency virus (HIV)人类免疫缺陷病毒acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS)获得性免疫缺陷综合症internal proteins内部蛋白endonuclease核酸内切酶Protease蛋白酶5’ capped and 3’ polyadenylated: 5’帽化和3’聚腺苷酸化Encapsidation壳体化Budding出芽RNA dependent DNA polymerase（RdDp）依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶DNA dependent DNA polymerase（DdDp）依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶Ribonuclease H核糖核酸酶Hcoconut cadang-cadang viroid椰子可可树类病毒citrus exocortis viroid柑橘裂皮类病毒scrape刮伤BSE: bovine spongiform encephalopathy牛绵状脑病pathogenic proteins病原蛋白质insoluble不可溶解的mad cow disease 疯牛病Chapter 10In Vivo活体内Mutants突变体Carcinogenesis致癌作用The Ames Test埃姆斯试验Genotype基因型Phenotype表现型lowercase letters小写字母uppercase letters大写字母italics斜体字superscript上标progeny后代Screening筛选Selection挑选Penicillin青霉素Lysozyme水解酶Spheroplast原生质球Nutritional Mutants营养突变体Imprint印迹Prototroph原养型Auxotroph营养缺陷型histidine auxotrophs组氨酸营养缺陷型微生物Spontaneous自发的Induced诱发的Point mutations点突变Base-Pair Substitutions碱基置换Silent mutation沉默突变Missense mutation错义突变Triplet三联体Temperature-sensitive mutants 温度敏感突变体conditionally lethal mutants条件致死突变体Nonsense mutation 无义突变Back Mutations or Reversions回复突变Compensate 补偿Transposition转位，转座proof-reading校对epidemic流行病Mutagens诱变剂Base analogs碱基类似物Radiation 辐射Transposon转位子，转座子Site-Directed Mutagenesis定点突变Mutagenicity致突变性Protocol 方案salmonella enterica沙门氏肠菌Trp- auxotroph色氨酸营养缺陷型Errorprone错误倾向Plasmids质粒Homologous 同源的redundant pathways冗余的途径Homologous Recombination同源重组SSB protein单链结合蛋白RecA protein RecA蛋白Nick formation缺口形成Strand invasion链侵入Heteroduplex formation 杂合双链形成Transformation转化Transduction转导Conjugation接合Transfection 转染Artificially Induced Competence人工诱导感受态Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Azotobacter固氮菌属Bacillus杆菌属Streptococcus链球菌属Haemophilus嗜血菌属Neisseria奈瑟球菌属Thermus栖热菌属Electroporation电穿孔Generalized transduction普遍性转导Specialized transduction特异性（局限性）转导Recipient受体temperate or virulent温和的或者裂性的lysogenization溶源化作用randomly incorporate随机整合Phage Conversion溶源转变，噬菌体转变Prophage前噬菌体Polysaccharide多糖Nontoxin非毒素Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉杆菌toxin 毒素Supercoiled configuration超螺旋构型Incompatibility 不相容性，不亲和性Episomes游离体，附加体Curing（噬菌体）治愈Conjugative可接合的Hfr (high frequency of recombination)高频重组Rhizobium根瘤菌属Pseudomonas of octane辛烷假单胞菌camphor and naphthalene樟脑和卫生球Bacteriocins细菌素Resistance Plasmids- R Plasmids抗性质粒Sulfonamides磺胺药物Streptomycin链霉素Spectinomycin壮观霉素fusidic acid梭链孢酸chloramphenicol 氯霉素tetracycline四环素mercury汞Therapies治疗物Diarrhea痢疾CFA-colonization factor antigen 入侵因子抗原hemolysin and enterotoxin溶血素和肠毒素a wider spectrum of activity广谱活性colicins大肠肝菌素subtilisin枯草杆菌蛋白酶NisinA乳酸菌肽Arolling cycle replication滚环复制pilus菌毛IS(insertion sequences)插入序列Interrupted Mating中断杂交Agitation搅拌transposable elements转座因子transposase转位酶inverted terminal repeats末端反向重复序列Conservation保存，保守Replicative重复的Bacteriophages噬菌体Cointegrate共合体cointegrate structure共合体结构Mutagenesis with Transponsable Elements用转座子诱变insertional inactivation插入失活neomycin and kanamycin resistance新霉素和卡那霉素抗性tetracycline 四环素biological mutagen生物诱变剂vector载体Integrons整合子Integrase整合酶Genetic Map基因图谱Operon操纵子Polycistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNABidirection双向Highly expressed genes高度表达基因Horizontal gene transfer水平基因转移Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Hyperthermophiles极端嗜热微生物Mycoplasma genitalium生殖道支原体Chlorella 绿藻的一种Methanococcus jannaschii詹氏甲烷球菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae啤酒酵母Streptomyces coelicolor天蓝色链霉菌Treponema pallidum苍白密螺旋体（梅毒密螺旋体）Thermotoga maritima海栖热孢菌Unidentified reading frame-URF未经确认的阅读框架Genomic mining基因组挖掘Paralogs侧向同源Orthologs直向同源obligate parasitic bacterium严格寄生菌Helicobacter pylori螺旋幽门菌cyanobacterium Synechocytis 蓝细菌introns内含子Plasmodium falciparum疟原虫Malaria疟疾Encephalitozoon cuniculi 家兔脑内原虫病Ustilago maydis玉米黑粉病Phytopathogenic fungus植物病原真菌smut disease黑穗病Chapter 11Stromatolites叠层石Fossiled 化石Filamentous丝状的Systematics系统学Taxonomy分类法Diversification多样化Phylogeny系统发生, 发展史Endosymbiosis内共生Prokaryotes原核生物trapped sediments捕捉的沉淀物phototrophic bacteria光养细菌anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 厌氧光养细菌lipoprotein vesicles脂蛋白小泡cyanobacterium 蓝细菌entity实体ferrous亚铁的photosynthesis光合作用oxygenation加氧作用，氧气形成oxic有氧的ozone shield臭氧层eukaryotes cell真核细胞chemoorganotrophic化能有机营养mitochondrion线粒体cytoplasm细胞质chloroplast叶绿体endosymbiotic内共生的phototroph光养生物，光能利用菌symbionts共生体metazoan后生生物Evolutionary Chronometers进化时钟Homologous function相同功能Sequence alignment序列排列，序列对比ATPase ATP酶genetic recombination遗传重组Ribosomal核糖体的Phylogenetic系统发生的Cellular细胞的Microbial Community Analysis微生物群体分析phylogenetic tree系统发育树Evolutionary distance ED 进化距离fluorescent i n-s itu h ybridization荧光素原位杂交Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer 水平（侧向）基因转移human genome人类基因组nematode线虫yeast酵母mustard芥菜parasites寄生虫vertebrates脊椎动物Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Cellulose纤维素Chitin几丁质，壳质Archaea古生菌Lipids脂质Ester酯RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶Polypeptides多肽Framework框架Phenotype显型，表现型Phylogenetics系统发生学Classical Taxonomy Morphology传统形态分类学fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 脂肪酸甲基酯hybridization杂交genus属Molecular fingerprinting分子指纹PCR amplification聚合酶链式反应扩增Speciation物种形成coexist 共存prime ecological niche最初生态位ecotypes生态型Nomenclature命名法Manual手册Chapter 18Biodiversity 生物多样性Quantification 定量microorganisms微生物habitats栖息地Enrichment富集培养Staining染色Radioisotopes放射性同位素Microelectrodes微电极in situ（原位）Pure Culture纯培养Counterselective反选择enrichment vehicle富集培养手段purple紫色phototrophic光养anaerobes厌氧微生物microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统tubes试管Agar shake琼脂震荡法dilution 稀释molten agar熔化的琼脂serial dilution 系列稀释inoculum接种体most probable numbers (MPN)最大概率数The Laser Tweezers 激光镊子microscopy显微镜术infrared laser 红外线激光器micromanipulation device显微操作装置trapped捕集的laser beam 激光柱contaminating污染Stable Isotope稳定同位素Azotobacter n.固氮(细)菌。
`名词：原丝（raw/monofilament）WOOLY(蓬松)POY(partiallyorientedyarn)预趋向丝，亦名半加工丝半延伸丝，室经过高速纺丝获得的趋向度在未取向丝（UDY）和牵引丝之间的成品，一般不会用这样丝做针织因为收缩不稳定。
全延伸丝FULLFULLYORIENTEDYARN)ARN)加工丝或加弹性丝及（SETTINGYARN）加工定形丝一般有下面的种类(A)ITY（INTERMINGLEDTEXTURNEDYARN）网络丝：包裹低弹网络丝幻彩丝(B)ECY(超喂丝)(D)STY(高捻丝)(E)FTY(FULLYTEXTUREDYARN)全牵伸丝(F)特殊功能如：UVPROTECTIONPOLYYESTER防紫外弦涤纶THERMOLITEBASE保温纤维CATIONICDPEABLE阳离子低温纤维ELERTRICALCONDUTIVITY导电ANTI-SYATIC抗静电HIGHTEMPURDYTURERESITENCE耐高温FLAMERETARDANT防火阻燃OPTICAL 导光COOLMEX排汗40DXTRA-LIFELYCRA耐氯拉架后特殊处理双收缩丝：(BI-SHARINKAGEYARN)(BSY)不同收缩性能的两个丝纺纱儿成双组分丝：(BI-CONPONTENTYARN)(BCY)不同截面的收缩性能不同的纤维长假编变形纱(KNITDE.KNITYARN)胚纱编织成成衣后定形后重新拆散形成卷制成网络纱：预趋向丝或拉伸变形，经过高压氧气吹捻单丝相交形成周期性的网络节点FALSE–TWISTTEXTUREDYARN假捻变形纱FALSE–TWISTSTABILIZEDTEXTUREDYARN假捻定型变形纱TWISTTEXTUREDYARN加捻变形纱JETBULKEDYARN喷气膨体纱GEARCRIMPEDYARN齿轮卷曲纱EDGECRIMPEDYARN刀口卷曲纱单面布：平纹：jersey单珠地：pique双珠地：la-coste单面提花：singknitjacquard 单面孔布：pointtellejersey 毛巾：terry剪毛布：velour单位衣:interloop双位衣：frenchterry抓毛双位衣：fleece双面布：INTERLOCK/DOUBLEKNIT 罗纹：1X1RIB双面：INTERLOCK/DOUBLEKNIT 灯芯：2X2RIB双面提花：DOUBLEKNITJACQUARD 罗纹孔布：POINTELLERIB提花罗纹：JACQUARDRIB十字罗纹：WAFFLE直条双面：DOUBLEKNITRIB排针罗纹：DROPNEEDLERIB抓毛左斜双位衣：LEFTTWILLFLEECE左斜单位衣：LEFTTWILLINTERLOOP抓毛大鱼鳞双位衣：FISTISCALE3X1TNTERLOOP 净色：PIECEDYED印花：PRINTED排纱间：FEEDERSTRIPE自动间：AUTOSTRIPE花灰：HATHAGREY透明橡根/拉架：SPANDEX杜邦拉架：DUPONTLYCRA涤沦：POLYESTER棉：COTTON羊毛﹔WOOL蚕丝﹔SILK粘纤﹔VISCOSC人造毛﹔ACRYLIC醋纤﹔ACETATE锦纶﹔POLYESTER维纶﹔VINYLON丙纶﹔POLYPROPYLENE氯纶﹔CHLONDE士宾﹔SPUNPOLY人造棉﹔RAYON麻﹔LINEN人造丝﹔VISCOSE水溶性纤维：56DTEX/6FPVA(VINYLON)国内报关：维尼龙丝后处理数据：防蚊：ANTI-MOSQUITOANTIMOSO蚀毛：BIO-WASHBIOWASH贴身圆筒布：BODYSIZEBODYSIZE双面刷毛：BRUSHTWOFACES2-BRUSH抓毛：RAISEONEFACE1-RAISE单面刷毛：BRUSHONEFACE1-BRUSH漂白花灰：HEATHERWHITENINGHWHITEN压光：CALENDERINGCALENDER过缩水机：COMPACTCOMPACT配白布：CONTRASTWHITEW-CONTRT凉感：COOLINGEFFECTCOOLING切边：CUTSELVEDGECUT-SELV洗皱：WASH-WRINKLEWWRINKLE双面抓毛：RAISETWOFACES2-RAISE拆领：COLLARDISCONNECTCOLARCUT排汗：DRYFITDRYFIT边至边：EDGETOEDGEETE直接定型不经染厂：GREYHEATSETTINGG-SET 折布：FOLDINGFOLDING防火：FLAMERETARDING1.R香味处理：FRAGRANTFINISHFRAGRANT成衣染色：GARMENTDYEG-DYE成衣洗水：GARMENTWASHG-WASH胚布须定型：GREIGEPRE-SETTINGGRPSNR胚布不须定型：GREIGEPSN-REQGRPSNR浆边：GUMSELVEDGEGHM-SELV连红外线加工：HEATTECHEFFECTHEATTECHHV吸水软油：HVSOFTENERHVSOFT防菌（EPA注册）：ANTIMICROBIAL(EPA)HYGE-EPA 防菌（日本）：ANTIMICROBIAL(JAPAN)HYGE-JAP POLY防菌：POLYHYGIENEPLHYGI防菌：（美国）：低甲醛树脂：RESINATIONRESIN丝光：MERCERIZATIONMERCERIZ顺纹皱布：NATURALSLITTINGN-SLIT煮碱：SCOURINGSCOURING无甲醛防皱处理：NEWRINKLEFREEFINISHNFRESIN 纳米防水防油：NANOW/OREPELN-WOREPI纳米防晒：NANOUVPROTECTIONNANOUV开边定型：STENTERINGSTENTER开幅干洗：OWHSET彩虹染色：RAINBOWDYEINGRAINBOWD卷布：ROLLFORMROLLFOEM树脂：RESINFINISHRESIN煮：HEATHERSCOURINGH-SCOUR加防爆软油：SEWINGLUBRCANTSEW-LUBT剪毛：SINGEINGSHEARING摇粒：ANTIPILLINGPOLARFLEECEANTIPILL烧毛：SINGEINGSINGEING单面抓毛：SINGLERAISINGSINGLER斜纹入机：SKEWSETHNGSKEW-SLT仿鹿皮：SUEDEDLEATHERSLEATHER加煮滑软毛：SLEEKFINISHSFINISH软毛：SOFTENINGSOFTENER易去污：SOILRELFASESR退浆：DESIZINGSESIZINGPOLY﹐COTTON染两次染两Part印前定型PS起毛球.Pilling……………………………Pilling 纺纱环锭纺…………………………………..RINGSPUN紧密纺…………………………………PACT涡流纺 (V)赛络纺…………………………………...SIROSP UN气流纺OE比普通OE纱的缠结少的OE纱叫OESOFO注入式竹节纱:InjectedSlub竹节纱Slub?yarn雪花纱点状竹节纱SNOWYARN扁机领.袖CC---FlatknitCollarAndCuff提花领袖CC-JQ---JacquardCollarAndCuff扁机袖CF-FK---FlatKnitCuff扁机袖.贴CFWB-FK---FlatKnitCuff,Waistband收针领CL-FF---FulyFashionCollar扁机领CL-FK---FlatKnitCollar提花扁机领CL-JQ---JacquardCollar乱花平纹CR---CrepeJersey双面提花DK-JQ---DoubleKnitJacquard计算机双面提花DK-JACP---ComputerDoublbeKnitJacquard 小提花双面DK-JOMN---MiniDoubleKnitJacquard排针提花双面DK-JQNS---NeedleSeitingDoubleKnit花碟提花双面DK-JQPD---PatternDrumDoubleKnitJacquard拉架平纹EJ---ElasticSingleJersey人造毛位衣FC-MA---CottonModacrylicFleece抽针抓毛双位衣FC-DN---DropNeedleFleece抓毛双位衣FC---Fleece鱼鳞双位衣FT-FS---FishscaleFrenchTerry拉架双位衣FT-SP---SpandexFrenchTerry双位衣FT---FrenchTerry珠地双位衣FTPQ---PiqueFrenshTerry珠地罗纹HC---Half-Cardigan三平布HM---HalfMilano排针双面IN-DN---DropNeedleIntErlock排针起脚双面IN-DNGI---GarmentLengthD/NIntErlock 起脚双面IN-GL---GarmentLengthInterlock拉架双面IN-SP---SpandexInTerlock双面In---Interlock提花单位衣IP-JQ---JacquardInterloop拉架单位衣IP-SP---SpandexInterloop单位衣IP—Interloop珠地单位衣IPPQ--PiqueInterloop人字形平纹JSHR---HerringboneJersey单面孔布JSPT---PointelleJerset双珠地LC---La-Coste网布MS---Mesh特菲NK---NaturalKnit牛津OF---OxforoKnit梯级OT---Ottoman打鸡布PO---Ponti-De-Roma单珠地抓毛位PQ-FC---PiqueFleece拉架珠地PQ-SP---SpandexPique吊线单珠地PQ-VS---VerticalStripePique提花珠地PQJQ---JacquardPique珠地PQ---Pique夹心布QT---QuiltFabric直条双面RB-DK---DoubleKnitRib抽针拉架罗纹RB-DNSP---DropNeedleSpandexRib 排针罗纹RB-DN---DropNeedleRib丝盖棉罗纹RB-PL---PlatedRib1X1罗纹RB-X1---1X1Rib排针1x1罗纹RB-X1DN---DropNeedle1x1Rib丝盖棉1x1罗纹RB-X1PL---Plated1x1Rib拉架1x1罗纹RB-X1SP---Spandex1x1Rib2x2灯芯RB-X2---2X2Rib胸花灯芯RB-X2IR---Irregular2x2Rib丝盖棉灯芯RB-X2PL---Plated2x2Rib拉架灯芯RB-X2SP---Spandex2x2Rib3x3灯芯RB-X3---3X3Rib排针3x3罗纹RB-X3DN---DropNeedle3x3Rib4x4灯芯RB-X4---4X4Rib提花罗纹RBJQ---JacquardRib罗纹孔布RBPT---PointelleRib抽针平纹SJ-DN---DropNeedleSingleJersey拉架提花平纹SJ-JQSP---SpandexJacquardJersey拉架平纹SJ-SP---SpandexSingleJersey丝盖棉平纹SJ-PL---PlatedSingleJersey斜平纹SJ-TW---TwillJersey吊线平纹SJ-VS---VerticalStripeSingleJersey平纹SJ---SingleJersey单面提花SK-JQ---SingleKnitJacquard计算机单面提花SK-JQCP---ComputerSingleKnit花碟提花单面SK-JQPW---PatternWheelSingleKnitJacquard棉网ST---Drawstrng带仔TP---Tapping人造毛毛巾TR-AR---AcrylicTerry提花毛巾TR-JQ---JacquardTerry毛巾TR---Terry剪毛VL---Velour抽针毛巾TR-DN---DropNeedleTerry抽针剪毛VL-DN---DropNeedleVelour提花剪毛VL-JQ---JacquardTerry扁机贴WB-FK---FlatKnitWastbandand十字罗纹WF---WaffleKnit双面网布WF-DK---DoubleKnitWrinkle网布WK---WrinkleFabric贴WB---Waistband 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制作小学生英语作文中秋节的纸灯笼（中英文翻译）Making Paper Lanterns for Mid-Autumn FestivalThe Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, when the moon is at its brightest and fullest. During this festival, families gather together to appreciate the beautiful full moon, eat mooncakes, and engage in various cultural activities. One popular activity is making paper lanterns, especially for children. In this article, we will guide you on how to make a paper lantern for Mid-Autumn Festival.Materials Needed:- Red, yellow, or orange construction paper- Glue- Scissors- Ruler- Pencil- String or ribbon- LED candle or battery-operated tea lightStep 1: Prepare the PaperFirst, choose a piece of colored construction paper for your lantern. Red, yellow, or orange are commonly used colors as they represent luck andhappiness in Chinese culture. Cut the paper into a square shape. The size of the paper can vary depending on how big you want your lantern to be. A 20 cm by 20 cm square should work well for a small lantern.Step 2: Folding the PaperPlace the square paper in front of you with one corner facing upwards. Fold the paper in half diagonally to form a triangle, and then unfold it. You should have a crease line that divides the square into two equal triangles.Step 3: Folding AgainRotate the paper so that the open corner is facing downwards. Fold the paper in half again, this time along the other diagonal. Once again, unfold the paper. Now, you will have two crease lines that intersect at the center of the square.Step 4: CuttingUsing the scissors, make cuts along the crease lines, starting from the folded side and stopping about 2-3 cm away from the center. Each cut should be spaced about 1 cm apart. Do this for all four crease lines. Be careful not to cut all the way through the paper.Step 5: Folding into a Lantern ShapeHold the paper by the two opposite corners, with the colored side facing you. Gently push the center of the paper inward, aligning the cut edges. As you push, the paper will start to fold inward and form a lantern shape. Hold the lantern shape firmly and secure it by gluing the overlapping edges together.Step 6: Adding DecorationsNow it's time to add some decorative elements to your lantern. You can use a different colored construction paper to cut out shapes such as flowers, stars, or animals. Glue these onto the sides of the lantern to create a beautiful design. Get creative and personalize your lantern with your own unique decorations.Step 7: Attaching a HandleTo hang your lantern, you will need to attach a handle. Take a long piece of string or ribbon and fold it in half. Apply glue to the ends and attach them to the top edge of the lantern. Make sure the handle is securely attached so that it can support the weight of the lantern when hung.Step 8: Finishing TouchesFor a traditional look, insert an LED candle or battery-operated tea light into the bottom of the lantern. This will create a warm glow and bring your lantern to life. Avoid using real candles as they can be a fire hazard, especially in a paper lantern.Congratulations! You have successfully made a paper lantern for Mid-Autumn Festival. Hang it indoors or outdoors to enjoy its beauty and embrace the festive atmosphere. Remember to take pictures of your creation and share it with your friends and family.中文翻译：制作中秋节的纸灯笼中秋节，又被称为月亮节，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。
作者： 徐松健;孙会军
作者机构： 上海外国语大学,上海200083
出版物刊名： 外语研究
页码： 77-81页
年卷期： 2018年 第3期
主题词：�北京折叠》;引语;刘宇昆;翻译
摘要：论文的关注点是2016年获得“雨果奖”的科幻小说《北京折叠》中主要人物的话语呈现方式,以及这些呈现方式在英语译文中的处理。
研究发现,译者在翻译过程中没有一成不变地照搬原文的话语呈现方式,而是有所调整。
通过对经过调整的话语呈现方式进行统计与分析,发现直接引语和间接引语改作自由直接引语的倾向最为明显,同时还存在其他一些调整现象。
这些调整与西方19世纪法国作家福楼拜的《包法利夫人》发表以来日渐流行的叙述文体密切相关,跟小说译者对于译文接受性的追求密切相关,同时与译者在译文中完善人物性格的刻画以及主题思想的展示都不无关系。
译者通过在译本中对这些转述语的展示方式进行调整,改变了叙事者的干预程度和叙事距离,使译文更加符合英语文学创作的风尚,同时提升了译本的文学性和可读性。
小说英文版在国外最终能够获得“雨果奖”,与这些引语呈现方式的调整不无联系。
Folding Beijing BY HAO JINGFANG, TRANSLATED BY KEN LIU1.At ten of five（4点50）in the morning, Lao Dao crossed the busy pedestrian lane（熙熙攘攘的步行街）on his way to find Peng Li.清晨4:50，老刀穿过熙熙攘攘的步行街，去找彭蠡。
After the end of his shift（下班）at the waste processing station（垃圾站）, Lao Dao had gone home, first to shower and then to change. He was wearing a white shirt and a pair of brown pants—the only decent clothes he owned. The shirt’s cuffs were frayed, so he rolled them up to his elbows. Lao Dao was forty–eight, single, and long past the age when he still took care of his appearance. As he had no one to pester him about the domestic details, he had simply kept this outfit for years. Every time he wore it, he’d come home afterward, take off the shirt and pants, and fold them up neatly to put away. Working at the waste processing station meant there were few occasions that called for the outfit, save a wedding now and then for a friend’s son or daughter.从垃圾站下班之后，老刀回家洗了个澡，换了衣服。
白色衬衫和褐色裤子，这是他唯一一套体面衣服，衬衫袖口磨了边，他把袖子卷到胳膊肘。
老刀四十八岁，没结婚，已经过了注意外表的年龄，又没人照顾起居，这一套衣服留着穿了很多年，每次穿一天，回家就脱了叠上。
他在垃圾站上班，没必要穿得体面，偶尔参加谁家小孩的婚礼，才拿出来穿在身上。
Today, however, he was apprehensive about meeting strangers without looking at least somewhat respectable. After five hours at the waste processing station, he also had misgivings about how he smelled.这一次他不想脏兮兮地见陌生人。
他在垃圾站连续工作了五小时，很担心身上会有味道。
People who had just gotten off work filled the road. Men and women crowded every street vendor, picking through local produce and bargaining loudly. Customers packed the plastic tables at the food hawker stalls, which were immersed in the aroma of frying oil. They ate heartily with their faces buried in bowls of hot and sour rice noodles, their heads hidden by clouds of white steam. Other stands featured mountains of jujubes and walnuts, and hunks of cured meat swung overhead. This was the busiest hour of the day—work was over, and everyone was hungry and loud.步行街上挤满了刚刚下班的人。
拥挤的男人女人围着小摊子挑土特产，大声讨价还价。
食客围着塑料桌子，埋头在酸辣粉的热气腾腾中，饿虎扑食一般，白色蒸汽遮住了脸。
油炸的香味弥漫。
货摊上的酸枣和核桃堆成山，腊肉在头顶摇摆。
这个点是全天最热闹的时间，基本都收工了，忙碌了几个小时的人们都赶过来吃一顿饱饭，人声鼎沸。
Lao Dao squeezed through the crowd slowly. A waiter carrying dishes shouted and pushed his way through the throng. Lao Dao followed close behind.老刀艰难地穿过人群。
端盘子的伙计一边喊着让让一边推开挡道的人，开出一条路来，老刀跟在后面。
Peng Li lived some ways down the lane. Lao Dao climbed the stairs but Peng wasn’t home. A neighbor said that Peng usually didn’t return until right before market closing time, but she didn’t know exactly when.彭蠡家在小街深处。
老刀上楼，彭蠡不在家。
问邻居，邻居说他每天快到关门才回来，具体几点不清楚。
Lao Dao became anxious. He glanced down at his watch: Almost 5:00 AM.老刀有点担忧，看了看手表，清晨5点。
He went back downstairs to wait at the entrance of the apartment building. A group of hungry teenagers squatted around him, devouring their food. He recognized two of them because he remembered meeting them a couple of times at Peng Li’s home. Each kid had a plate of chow mein or chow fun, and they shared two dishes family–style. The dishes were a mess while pairs of chopsticks continued to search for elusive, overlooked bits of meat amongst the chopped peppers. Lao Dao sniffed his forearms again to be sure that the stench of garbage was off of him. The noisy, quotidian chaos around him assured him with its familiarity.他回到楼门口等着。
两旁狼吞虎咽的饥饿少年围绕着他。
他认识其中两个，原来在彭蠡家见过一两次。
少年每人面前摆着一盘炒面或炒粉，几个人分吃两个菜，盘子里一片狼藉，筷子扔在无望而锲而不舍地拨动，寻找辣椒丛中的肉星。
老刀又下意识闻了闻小臂，不知道身上还有没有垃圾的腥味。
周围的一切嘈杂而庸常，和每个清晨一样。
“Listen, do you know how much they charge for an order of twice–cooked pork over there?” a boy named Li asked.“哎，你们知道那儿一盘回锅肉多少钱吗？”那个叫小李的少年说。
“Fuck! I just bit into some sand,” a heavyset kid named Ding said while covering his mouth with one hand, which had very dirty fingernails. “We need to get our money back from the vendor!”“靠，菜里有沙子。
”另外一个叫小丁的胖少年突然捂住嘴说，他的指甲里还带着黑泥，“坑人啊。
得找老板退钱！”Li ignored him. “Three hundred and forty yuan!”said Li. “You hear that? Three forty! For twice –cooked pork! And for boiled beef? Four hundred and twenty!”“人家那儿一盘回锅肉，就三百四。
”小李说，“三百四！一盘水煮牛肉四百二呢。
”“How could the prices be so expensive?”Ding mumbled as he clutched his cheek. “What do they put in there?”“什么玩意？这么贵。
”小丁捂着腮帮子咕哝道。
The other two youths weren’t interested in the conversation and concentrated on shoveling food from the plate into the mouth. Li watched them, and his yearning gaze seemed to go through them and focus on something beyond.另外两个少年对谈话没兴趣，还在埋头吃面，小李低头看着他们，眼睛似乎穿过他们，看到了某个看不见的地方，目光里有热切。
Lao Dao’s stomach growled. He quickly averted his eyes, but it was too late. His empty stomach felt like an abyss that made his body tremble. It had been a month since he last had a morning meal. He used to spend about a hundred each day on this meal, which translated to three thousand for the month. If he could stick to his plan for a whole year, he’d be able to save enough to afford two months of tuition for Tangtang’s kindergarten.老刀的肚子也感觉到饥饿。
