必修五Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之谜
unite vi. &vt.联合；团结
the United Kingdom联合王国（英）consist vi.组成；一致
consist of 由…组成
divide …into…把…分成
puzzle n.难题；迷vt.使迷惑debate vi. & n. 争论；辩论clarify vt.澄清；阐明
break away (from)挣脱（束缚）；脱离the Union Jack英国国旗
relation n.关系；联系educational adj.教育的
legal adj.法律的；合法的convenience n.便利；方便roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地Midlands 英格兰中部地区Industrial adj.工业的；产业的historical adj.历史上的；有关历史的
attraction n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的
事物
collection n.收藏品；珍藏；收集
construct vt.建造；构造；创立
influence vt.影响；改变n.
Viking n.北欧海盗
leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
project n.科研学习项目；课题；计划；
工程
take the place of代替
break down (机器)损坏；破坏
arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
wedding n.婚礼
fold vt.折叠；对折
sightseeing n.观光；游览
available adj.可利用的；有用的
delight n.快乐；高兴；喜悦
royal adj.王室的；皇家的
occasion n.场合；时刻；时机
uniform n.制服
splendid adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
statue n.塑像；雕像
longitude n.经线；经度
navigation n.导航；航行
communism n.共产主义
original adj.最初的；原始的；
thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊
unfair adj.不公平的；违反规划的
smart adj.漂亮的；时髦的；聪明的
tense n.时态
consistent adj.一致的
error n.错误；过失；谬误
pot n.罐；壶
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four
countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人们也许会奇怪：为
什么用不同的词汇来描述这四个国家：英国、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。【注释：
①wonder v.tr.（及物动词）To feel curiosity or be in doubt about:感到好奇或怀疑：
eg. He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.他
很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。n. It's
a wonder难得；奇怪的是eg. It's a wonder you recognized me.难得你还认得我。
(2)(It's) no wonder难怪；并不奇怪；当然eg. No wonder he is not hungry; he has
been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。②use sth. to do …用…做…; eg. You’d better use a stick to stir the paint. 你最好用棒来搅漆。】You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你研究英国历史，就能阐明这个问题。【注释：clarify:解释；澄清；阐明eg. The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women?政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。】First there was England.首先有英格兰。Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.13世纪，威尔士加入进来。【注释：link vt., vi.（常与together, to, with连用）连接eg. The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。(2)挽着;（与on, to, in to连用）联合】Now when people refer to England, you find Wales included as well.现在，当人们谈到英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也包括进来。【注释：①refer to谈到；speak of, mention这三个词均表示“谈到；说起”，其主语均为“sb.”，而come to表示“谈到”讲时，仅用于句型“when it comes to sb./ sth.” “当一谈到…”试题：
When it ___ music, Kate is always excited. A.refers to B. speaks of C. mentions D. comes to ②as well也，倒不如, 还是...的好，最好...还是(It will be as well to stop that young screamer. 但是最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声。)】Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". 接下来，在17世纪，英格兰和威尔士加入到苏格兰，名字改为“大英帝国”。【注释：be joined : To put or bring into close association or relationship:使结合，缔交：使…结合或联合形成密切联系或关系eg. they were joined by marriage;.他们结成夫妻；】Happily
this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.高兴的是，当苏格兰国王詹姆斯成为英格兰和威尔士国王时，也是在没有发生冲突的情况下完成的。【注释：accomplish完成eg. You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。】Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.最后，在20世纪初，英国政府想通过以和平方式将爱尔兰加入进来，形成联合王国。【注释：getting Ireland connected系为get sth. done结构，意为“让人…做某事”】However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰南部地区不愿意加入，脱离并成立了自己的政府。【注释：break away(1)逃走；逃脱eg. 1) The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。2) Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。(2)断裂；开裂eg. A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。试题：
The young man ____ the two policemen who were holding him.
A. got away with
B. broke away from
C. come up with
D. caught up with 】
So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to
become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new
flag called the Union Jack.所以只有北爱尔兰加入到英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰
行列，从而成为联合王国，这在英国国旗上可以向世人表现出来。
To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas (eg,
the currency and international relations), but they still have very different
institutions.为了表示信任，这四个国家在一些领域团结协作，（如流通和国际关系），但他们依然有各自不同的机构。For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!例如，北爱尔兰，英格兰和苏格兰，除了有不同的足球队参加象世界杯之类的比赛之外，他们还有不同的教育体系和不同的法律体系。【注释：as well as(1)adv. 又，也。(2)conj.（连接词）eg. And in addition:既…又：eg. courageous as well as strong.既健康又勇敢(3)prep.（介词）: In addition to:都，除...之外（包含之后的内容）：eg. The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime编辑和校对者都在加班工作(4)和…一样好eg. He speaks English as well as Tom. 考题：
1. (94全-28) John plays football ____ , if not better than, David.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. as well
D. such well
2. (93全-20) She doesn’t speak ____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as
B. so often as
C. so much as
D. as good as BA】
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的国家，为了方便，它大致被划分为三个区域。【注释：①convenience n.方便；便利for the convenience of为了方便…; for (the sake of) convenience为了方便起见；at sb’s convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地点；be convenient for sb./ sth.对于…方便eg. 1) The hotel has a restaurant for the guests’convenience. 2) Please come when it is convenient for you. 3) Please come at your convenience. 4) It’s convenient for sb. (to do sth.)注意：convenient作表语时，不可用“人”作主语。②辨析：divide, separate(1)divide强调把整体分成若干部分，即化整为零，即破坏了宾语的完整性；而separate 没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是把混在一起的宾语分开。Eg. 1) They divided the house into three parts. 2) The Pyrenees separate France and Spain. 比利牛斯将法国和西班牙分开。考题：
1．(2008鲁)Would it be________for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
A．free B．vacant C．handy D．Convenient
2．If it is quite________to you，I will visit you next Tuesday.
A．convenient B．fair C．easy D．Comfortable
3．Come and see me whenever________. A．you are convenient B．you will be convenient C．it is convenient to you D．it will be convenient to you】
The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.最靠近法国的区域被称为南英格兰，中部区域叫英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的地方叫北英格兰。You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.你会发现大多数人口居住在南部，但大多数工业城市却在中部和英格兰北部。【注释：settled in the south是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。】Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!尽管，从全国范围内来说，这些城市没有中国的城市大，但他们有世界著名的足球队，有些城市甚至有两支足球队。【注释：not as large as没有…大】It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.遗憾的是：这些建在19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。【注释：①It is a pity that …遗憾的是…eg. It's a pity she can't attend the reception.她不能参加招待会，真是遗憾. 另：have pity on或take pity on对…表示同情. ②attract vt. attract one's attention吸引某人的注意；attract sb. to sp.把某人吸引到某处；have an/ no/ a little/ much attraction for sb.对某人有/没有/有一点/很有吸引力。考题：
Life in London has so many________—nightclubs，good restaurants and so on.
A．collections B．instructions C．attractions D．expressions】
For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.对于有历史意义的建筑，你必须去那些更古老的但更小的建于罗马时期的城镇。There you will find out more about British history and culture.在那你可以搞清楚更多的有关英国的历史和文化。【注释：find out (1)To ascertain (something), as through examination or inquiry:查明：如通过观察或询问查明（某事）：eg. 1) I found out the phone number by looking it up. 通过查找我查到了电话号码2) If you're not sure, find out.如果你不肯定，查一查(2) To detect the true nature or character of; expose:发现：探明真相或性质；暴露：eg. Liars risk being found out.骗子被揭穿的危险(3) To detect and apprehend; catch:探明并逮捕；抓住：Most embezzlers are found out in the end.大多数贪污犯最后都被查出并逮捕归案】The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.最具有伟大历史意义的宝库就是伦敦，它拥有博物馆、艺术收藏馆、剧院、公园和建筑。It is the centre of national government and its administration.它是国家政府和行政机构的中心。It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.它拥有修建于公元一世纪罗马时期的最古老的港口，还拥有由央格鲁撒克逊人于十一世纪六十年代修建的最古老的建筑，它还拥有由后来的诺曼统治者于1066年建造的最古老的城堡。【注释：built by …AD, begun by the …1060s, constructed by …1066均是过去分词短语作定语，与所修饰的名词之间的关系为动宾关系。过去分词短语作定语是一个常备考点。考题汇集：
1. (09全I-35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ___?
A. take
B. taking
C. taken
D. to take
2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ____ on his own farm.
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
3. (09申-33) With the government’s aid, those ____ by the earthquake have moved to the new
settlements.
A. affect
B. affecting
C. affected
D. were affected
4. (08湘-26) The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
5. (08赣-28) We finished the run in less than half the time _____ .
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
6. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _____ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
7. (08闽-33) ——Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
——No problem.
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
8. (07湘-34) “Things ____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lose
D. have lost
9. (06京-28) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing
Olympic Games.
A. add
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
10. (06鲁-29) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary people
for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
11. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid CACB CDCAD CB】
There has been four sets of invaders of England.英格兰有四批入侵者。The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.第一批入侵者是罗马人，留下了城镇和道路；The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.第二批入侵者是央格鲁撒克逊人，他们留下了语言和政体；The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England,第三批入侵者是北欧海盗，影响了英格兰的词汇及其北部的地名；and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced (in) new words for food.第四批入侵者是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡，并引入了一些新的食品词汇。
If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.如果你巡视一下英国乡下，你就会找到所有这些入侵者留下的证据。You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你想要你对联合王国的旅行愉快而有价值，你必须睁大你的双眼。【注释：make sth. worthwhile使…值得eg. We made our effort worthwhile.】
重点句型：
1．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
【精提取】included是过去分词，此处用作宾语补足语。include与宾语Wales之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词作宾补。【巧应用】他醒来后，发现自己被绑在了树上。
When he woke up，he____ ____ _____ ___ ____ _____. 答案：found himself tied to the tree 2.It looked splendid when first built! 【精提取】when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。【巧应用】这个展览比料想的有意思。
The exhibition is more interesting________ ________. 答案：than expected 3．Worried about the time available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. 【精提取】①worried about...为过去分词短语作状语，表原因。②available adj.可以利用的；有用的；有空的. 【巧应用】陷入沉思之中，他几乎撞到前面的小汽车上。
___ ____ ___，he almost ran into the car in front of him. 答案：Lost in thought
考题：(2008浙)There are plenty of jobs________in the western part of the country.
A．present B．available C．precious D．convenient
4．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 【精提取】it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。who had developed communism是定语从句。【巧应用】目前你不可能治愈这种病。
___ _____ ____ _____you can cure the disease at present. 答案：It seems impossible that 5. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事，这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
【句法分析】should用在that从句中表达感情、意志，意为“竟然，居然”。另外，should have done还可以表示过去该做某事，意为“本应该……；要是已经……就好了”。
①I’m surprised that you should speak in that way.我很惊讶你居然用那种方式说话。
②I should have been kinder to him.(当时)我要是对他更好一点就好了。考题：
1. —Did you punish him for that? —Yes，but I don't think I________.
A．should have done so B．need to have done so C．should do that D．ought have done that
2. Since you have made such good preparations，there ___ be any problem about passing the coming exam.
A．mustn’t B．shan’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
课文补充练习：
1. —I hear that you will be on travel again.
—Yeah.My boss ____for me to discuss business details with someone from another company. A．asked B．arranged C．sent D．called
2. _____ to have a picnic here!
A．What great delight B．How great delight C．What a great delight D．How a great delight
3. He has recovered________of his friend.
A．to their much delight B．to the much delight C．to much the delight D．much to the delight
4. New Zealand is a country lying off the eastern coast of Australia，___ two big islands and many smaller ones. A．making up B．consisting of C．belonging to D．making from
5. (2008鄂)The teacher stressed again that the students should not ____ any important details while retelling the story.
A．bring out B．let out C．leave out D．make out
【leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑；leave alone不管，别惹，让……独自呆着；不打扰leave aside搁置；leave behind忘带，留下；leave for动身到(某处)；let out泄露秘密；make out辨认出；理解，明白】
6. After the accident，who do you think will _____ Susan?
A．in place of B．instead of C．take place of D．take the place of
7. We _____ the job _____ five parts，and each man did one part.
A．divided；into B．separated；into C．divided；from D．separated；from
8. The computer system ____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A．broke down B．broke out C．broke up D．broke in
【break down(机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；break in破门而入；打断；break into闯入；突然……起来(后接tears，laughter等)；break out(战争)爆发；(火灾)发生；break off折断；打断；突然停止讲话；休息；断绝；结束；break through突围；突破；冲垮；克服；break up拆开；结束；解散；break away(from)挣脱；脱离】