3GPP常用英文缩写全称大全
3GPP常用英文缩写全称大全
3G是3GPP的简写形式,3GPP在英文里的全称是:the 3rd Generation Partner Project 中文的全称是:第三代合作伙伴计划,是领先的3G技术规范机构,旨在研究制定并推广基于演进的GSM核心网络的3G标准,它负责WCDMA标准的制定,R4标准是其中较为成熟的一个版
本。
3GPP:
3GP是一种3G流媒体的视频编码格式,是目前手机中最为常见的一种视频格式。简单的说,该格式是“第三代合作伙伴项目”(3GPP)制定的一种多媒体标准,使用户能使用手机享受高质量
的视频、音频等多媒体内容。
3GPP常用英文缩写全称大全
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer of type 2
AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer of type 5
A&C Authentication and Ciphering
ACFE Access Control Function Entity
AI Acquisition Indication
AICH Acquisition Indication Channel
ALCAP Access Link Control Application Part
AM Acknowledged Mode (of RLC)
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate (Transcoder)
AN Access Network
AOA Angle Of Arrival
AP Application Process
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
APId Access Point Identifier
APN Access Point Name
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Business
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
ASAP Alarm Severity Assignment Profile
ATC ATM Transfer Capability
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUG Administrative Unit Group
AU-n Administrative Unit n with n being 4 or 3
AUTN Authentication Token
AWGN Added White Gaussian Noise
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BCH Broadcast Channel
BER Bit Error Rate
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
CPS Common Part Sublayer
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRCI CRC Indicator
CRC-N Cyclic Redundancy Check-N
CRNC Controlling RNC
c-RNTI RNTI allocated by CRNC
CS Circuit Switched
CSES Consecutive Severely Errored Second
CSN Ciphering Sequence Number
CSUM Checksum
CTCH Common Traffic Channel
CTDMA Code Time Division Multiple Access
CTP Connection Termination Point (OAM context)
CTP Common Transport Protocol (Protocol context)
DBR Deterministic Bit Rate
DC Dedicated Control (SAP)
DCA Dynamic Channel Allocation
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
DCH Dedicated Channel
DCN Data Communication Network
DL DownLink
DoCoMo Do Communication with Mobiles
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DRAC Dynamic Resource Allocation Control
DRNC Drift RNC
DRNS Drift RNS
DRX Discontinuous Reception
DS-CDMA Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access DSCH Downlink Shared Channel
DT Data Transport
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
EBER Excessive Bit Error Ratio
ECASC Extended Current Summary Alarm Control
EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Indication
EFD Event Forwarding Discriminator
EIR Equipment Identity Register
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
E-OTD Enhanced OTD
ES Errored Second
ETSI European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute
F8 access link encryption function
FACH Forward Access Channel
FAUSCH Fast Uplink Signalling Channel
FBI Feed Back Indicator
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEC Forward Error Correction
FEEB Far End Errored Block
FEES Far End Errored Second
FER Frame Erasure Rate
FESES Far End Severely Errored Second
FFS For Further Study
FM Fault Management
FP Frame Protocol
FTAM File Transfer Access Management
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gb Gb interface (between SGSN and BSC)
GC General Control (SAP)
GCRA Generic Cell Rate Algorithm
GFR Guaranteed Rate
GGSN Gateway GPRS Serving Node
GMM MM for GPRS services
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
G-PDU T-PDU plus GTP header
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPRS-CSI GPRS CAMEL Subscription Information GPS Global Positioning System
GRNC Generic RNC
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
GTP-u GTP user plane
HCS Hierarchical Cell Structure
HE Home Environment
HEC Header Error Control
HFN Hyper Frame Number
HHO Hard Handover
HO Handover
HOP High Order Path
HOVC Higher Order Virtual Container
IBTS uplink Interference signal power level at Node B ICB Inter Carrier Board
ICD Interface Control Document
ICH Indicator CHannel
ICI Inter Carrier Interface
IE Information Element
IEC Incoming Error Count
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IK Integrity Key
IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMEISV International Mobile Equipment Identity Software Version
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity (identical for IMUI; used in GSM context)
IMUI International Mobile User Identity (identical to IMSI; seems to replace IMSI in UMTS contex t)
INI Inter Network Interface
IP Internet Protocol
ISCP Interference Signal Code Power
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISF Incoming Signal Failure
IS-FL Idle Slot Forward Link
ISID Idle Signal Identification
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
IT Information Technology
ITU International Telecommunication Union
Iu Reference point between Access and Serving Network domains
Iub Iub interface (between Node B and RNC)
Iu-CS Iu towards the Circuit Switched-Service Domain of the Core Network
Iu-PS Iu towards the Packet Switched-Service Domain of the Core Network
Iur Iur interface (between RNC and RNC)
IWF Inter Working Function
IWU Inter Working Unit
JD Joint Detection
Kbps kilo-bits per second
KSI Key Set Identifier
Ksps kilo-symbols per second
L1 Layer 1 (physical layer)
L2 Layer 2 (data link layer)
L3 Layer 3 (network layer)
L3-CE Layer 3 Compression Entity
LAC Link Access Control
LAI Location Area Identity
LAN Local Area Network
LAPD Link Access Protocol for D-channel
LB Laser Bias
LCAF Location Client Authorisation Function
LCCF Location Client Control Function
LCCTF Location Client Coordinate Transformation Function
LCD Loss of Cell Delineation (transmission context)
LCD Low Constrained Delay (traffic context)
LCF Location Client Function
LCS Localisation Client Service
LDD Low Delay Data
LIR Limited IP Routing entity (in the RNC)
LLC Link Layer Control
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LOF Loss of Frame
LOP Low Order Path
LOP Loss of Pointer
LOS Loss of Signal
LPA Linear Power Amplifier
LSA Localised Service Area
LSB Least Significant Bit
LSBF Location System Billing Function
LSCF Location System Control Function
LSN Local Sub Network
LSPF Location Subscriber Privacy Function
LT Laser Temperature
LTOA Latest Time of Arrival
MA Multiple Access
MAC Medium Access Control
MAC-c MAC entity handling common channels (RACH, FACH)
MAC-d MAC entity handling dedicated channels (DCH)
MAC-I Message Authentication Code used for data Integrity of signalling messages MAC-sh MAC entity handling shared channel (DSCH)
MAHO Mobile Assisted Handover
MBS Maximum Burst Size
MCC Mobile Country Code
MCD Manual Configuration Data
Mcps Mega-chips per second
MD Macro-diversity
ME Mobile Equipment
MEHO Mobile evaluated handover
MIB Management Information Base
MM Mobility Management
MNC Mobile Network Code
MNRG Mobile station Not Reachable for GPRS flag
MNRR Mobile station Not Reachable Reason
MO Mobile Originated
MOHO Mobile Originated Handover
MS Multiplex Section (transmission context)
MS Mobile Station (GSM or security context)
MS-AIS Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal
MSB Most Significant Bit
MSC Multi-Slot Cell (MPSR context)
MSC Mobile services Switching Centre (Core Network Context) MSID Mobile Station Identifier
MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MS-RDI Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication
MS-REI Multiplex Section Remote Error Indication
MSTE Multiplex Section Terminating Element
MT Mobile Terminated (call context)
MT Mobile Terminal (equipment context)
MTP Message Transfer Part
MUI Mobile User Identifier
NAS Non Access Stratum
NBAP Node B Application Part
NCP Node B Control Port
NCSES Number of Consecutive Severely Errored Second
NDF New Data Flag
NE Network Element
NEHO Network evaluated handover
NEM Network Element Manager
NMC Network Management Centre
NNI Network Node Interface (includes INI and ICI interfaces) NP Nectar Pilot
NPC Network Parameters Control
NRT Non-Real Time
NSS Network Sub System
NT Nectar Telecom
Nt Notification (SAP)
NW Network
N-PDU Network PDU
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance
OCCCH ODMA Common Control Channel
ODCCH ODMA Dedicated Control Channel
ODCH ODMA Dedicated Channel
ODI Outgoing Defect Indication
ODMA Opportunity Driven Multiple Access
ODTCH ODMA Dedicated Traffic Channel
OEI Outgoing Error Indication
OFS Out of Frame Second
OMC Operation and Maintenance Centre
OOF Out of Frame
ORACH ODMA Random Access Channel
OS Operation System
OSF Offset Field
OSI Open System Interconnection
OSL Optical Signal Level
OTD Observed Time Difference
OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
PA Power Amplifier
PC Power Control
PCCH Paging Control Channel
PCF Positioning Calculation Function
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCR Peak Cell Rate
PDCP Packet Data Convergence protocol
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDN Packet Data Network
PDP Packet Data Protocol
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PG Processing Gain
PHY Physical layer
PhyCH Physical Channel
PI Paging Indicator
PICH Page Indicator Channel
PID Packet Identification
PJC Pointer Justification Count
PJE Pointer Justification Event
Pkg Packages
PLM Payload Mismatch
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PM Performance Management/Performance Monitoring PMM MM for PS domain
PN Pseudo Noise
POH Path Overhead
PPI Plesiochronous Physical Interface
PPM Parts Per Million
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PRCF Positioning Radio Co-ordination Function
PS Packet Switched
PSAP Presentation Service Access Point
PSC Protection Switch Count
PSD Protection Switch Duration
PSMF Positioning Signal Measurement Function
PSN Plane Switch Node
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTE Path Terminating Element
PVC Permanent Virtual Connection
P-TMSI Packet TMSI (equivalent to P-TMUI, used in GPRS context)
P-TMUI Packet TMUI – (equivalent to P-TMSI, new name for it in the UMTS context) PTR Pointer
PUF Power Up Function
QE Quality Estimate
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RA Routing Area
RAB Radio Access Bearer
RAC Routing Area Code
RAC Radio Admission Control
RACH Random Access Channel
RAI Routing Area Identity (GPRS or Iu-PS context)
RAI Remote Alarm Indication (transmission context)
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAN Radio Access Network
RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part
RAND Random Challenge
RB Radio Bearer
RDI Remote Defect Indication
RDN Relative Distinguished Name
REI Remote Error Indication
RF Radio Frequency
RFC Request For Comment
RFN Reference Frame Number
RLC Radio Link Control
RLCP Radio Link Control Protocol
RLS Radio Link Set
RLs Radio Links
RNC Radio Network Controller
RNCC Radio Network Connection Control
RNS Radio Network Subsystem
RNSAP Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identity
RP Radio Processing
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management
RS Regenerator section
RSCP Received Signal Code Power after despreading
RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
RT Real Time
RU Resource Unit
RX Receive
SAAL Signalling AAL (equivalent to SSCF over SSCOP over AAL5) SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
SAP Service Access Point
SBR Statistical Bit Rate
SC Service Control
SCCH Synchronization Control Channel
SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part
SCD Selective Cell Discard
SCH Synchronization Channel
SCR Sustainable Cell Rate
SCTP Simple Control Transmission Protocol
SD Supervision Data (context configuration management)
SD Signal Degrade (context SDH)
SDCCH Stand-Alone Dedicated Control Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDU Service Data Unit
SES Severely Errored Second
SF Signal Fail (transmission context)
SF Spreading Factor (radio context)
SFN System Frame Number
SG Study Group
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SHO Soft Hand Over
SIM Subscriber Information Module
SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio
SLM Signal Label Mismatch
SMS Short Message Service
SN Serving Network
SN Sequence Number
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOH Section Overhead
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SP Switching Point
SPA Signalling Point Accessible
SPI Signalling Point Inaccessible (SS7 context)
SPI Synchronous Physical Interface (SDH context)
SPROC System PROCessor
SRNC Serving RNC
SRNS Serving RNS
s-RNTI RNTI allocated by SRNC
SSA Signalling Subsystem Accessible
SSADT Service Specific Assured Data Transfer
SSCF Service Specific Coordination Function
SSCOP Service Specific Connection-Oriented Protocol
SSP Signalling Subsystem Prohibited
SSSAR Service Specific Segmentation And Reassembly
SSTED Service Specific Transmission Error Detection
STF Start Field
STM Synchronous Transport Module
STM(-N) Synchronous Transport Module (-N)
STS(-N) Synchronous Transport Signal (-N)
STTD Space Time Transmit Diversity
TB Transport Block
TBC To Be Confirmed
TBD To Be Defined
TBF Transport Block Format
TBS Transport Block Set
TCH Traffic Channel
TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring
TCOH Tandem Connection Overhead
TCP Transport Control Protocol
TCP Transport Control Protocol
TC-RDI Tandem Connection Remote Defect Indication
TC-REI Tandem Connection Remote Error Indication
TCT Tandem Connection Trace
TCTE Tandem Connection Terminating Element
TDD Time Duplex Division
TE Terminal Equipment
TEID Tunnel Endpoint ID
TFCI Transport Format Combination Indicator
TFCS Transport Format Combination Set
TFI Transport Format Indicator
TFS Transport Format Set
TFT Traffic Flow Template
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch
TLLI Temporary Logical Link Identifier
TM Transparent Mode (of RLC)
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (used in GSM context, equivalent to TMUI) TMUI Temporary Mobile User Identity (new name for TMSI in the UMTS context)
TN Termination Node
TOA or ToA Time Of Arrival
TOAWE TOA Window End point
TOAWS TOA Window Start point
TP Termination Point
TPC Transmit Power Control
T-PDU Original packet, for example an IP datagram, from UE or an external PDN
TR Threshold Reset
TRX Transmitter/Receiver
TSID Test Signal Identification
TSS Telecommunication Standardization Sector
TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee
TTI Time Transmission Interval (Radio Context)
TTI Trail Trace Identifier (O&M context)
TTP Trusted Third Party (security context)
TTP Trail Termination Point (transmission context)
TU Tributary Unit
TUG Tributary Unit Group
TUG(-n) Tributary Unit Group (-n)
TU-n Tributary Unit-n
TX Transmit
U- User-
UARFCN UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
UAS Unavailable Second
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UDD Unconstrained Delay Data
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
UEA UMTS Encryption Algorithm
UEFN User Equipment Frame Number
UIA UMTS Integrity Algorithm
UL UpLink
UM Unacknowledged Mode (of RLC)
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UNEQ Unequipped
UNI User to Network Interface
UP User Plane
UPC Usage Parameters Control
URA User Registration Area
USCH Uplink Shared CHannel
USIM UMTS Subscriber Identity Module
UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Uu Reference point between User Equipment and Infrastructure domains, UMTS radio interface UUI User to User Indicator
VA Voice Activity (factor)
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VC Virtual Channel
VCC Virtual Channel Connection
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
VC-n Virtual Container n (n is 11, 12, 2, 3 or 4)
VLR Visitor Location Register
VP Virtual Path
VPC Virtual Path Connection
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
W-CDMA Wideband CDMA
WG Working Group
WG-n Working Group (of 3GPP)
WTR Wait-to-Restore
XMAC-I eXpected Message Authentication Code used for data Integrity of signalling messages XOR eXclusive OR
XPU AuXiliary Processing Unit
XRES Expected Response
企业各职位英文缩写: GM(General Manager)总经理 VP(Vice President)副总裁 FVP(First Vice President)第一副总裁 AVP(Assistant Vice President)副总裁助理 CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官,类似总经理、总裁,是企业的法人代表。 COO(Chief Operations Officer)首席运营官,类似常务总经理 CFO(Chief Financial Officer)首席财务官,类似财务总经理 CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官,主管企业信息的收集和发布CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官类似总工程师 HRD(Human Resource Director)人力资源总监 OD(Operations Director)运营总监 MD(Marketing Director)市场总监 OM(Operations Manager)运作经理 PM(Production Manager)生产经理 (Product Manager)产品经理 其他: CAO: Art 艺术总监 CBO: Business 商务总监 CCO: Content 内容总监 CDO: Development 开发总监 CGO: Gonverment 政府关系 CHO: Human resource 人事总监 CJO: Jet 把营运指标都加一个或多个零使公司市值像火箭般上升的人 CKO: Knowledge 知识总监 CLO: Labour 工会主席 CMO: Marketing 市场总监 CNO: Negotiation 首席谈判代表CPO: Public relation 公关总监 CQO: Quality control 质控总监 CRO: Research 研究总监 CSO: Sales 销售总监 CUO: User 客户总监 CVO: Valuation 评估总监 CWO: Women 妇联主席 CXO: 什么都可以管的不管部部长 CYO: Yes 什么都点头的老好人 CZO: 现在排最后,等待接班的太子 常用聊天英语缩写
化学分析英文缩写列表 A AAS 原子吸收光谱法 AES 原子发射光谱法 AFS 原子荧光光谱法 ASV 阳极溶出伏安法 ATR 衰减全反射法 AUES 俄歇电子能谱法 C CEP 毛细管电泳法 CGC 毛细管气相色谱法 CIMS 化学电离质谱法 CIP 毛细管等速电泳法 CLC 毛细管液相色谱法 CSFC 毛细管超临界流体色谱法CSFE 毛细管超临界流体萃取法CSV 阴极溶出伏安法 CZEP 毛细管区带电泳法 D DDTA 导数差热分析法 DIA 注入量焓测定法 DPASV 差示脉冲阳极溶出伏安法DPCSV 差示脉冲阴极溶出伏安法DPP 差示脉冲极谱法 DPSV 差示脉冲溶出伏安法 DPV A 差示脉冲伏安法 DSC 差示扫描量热法 DTA 差热分析法 DTG 差热重量分析法 E EAAS 电热或石墨炉原子吸收光谱法ETA 酶免疫测定法 EIMS 电子碰撞质谱法 ELISA 酶标记免疫吸附测定法EMAP 电子显微放射自显影法EMIT 酶发大免疫测定法 EPMA 电子探针X射线微量分析法ESCA 化学分析用电子能谱学法ESP 萃取分光光度法 F FAAS 火焰原子吸收光谱法FABMS 快速原子轰击质谱法 FAES 火焰原子发射光谱法
FDMS 场解析质谱法 FIA 流动注射分析法 FIMS 场电离质谱法 FNAA 快中心活化分析法 FT-IR 傅里叶变换红外光谱法 FT-NMR 傅里叶变换核磁共振谱法 FT-MS 傅里叶变换质谱法 GC 气相色谱法 GC-IR 气相色谱-红外光谱法 GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱法 GD-AAS 辉光放电原子吸收光谱法 GD-AES 辉光放电原子发射光谱法 GD-MS 辉光放电质谱法 GFC 凝胶过滤色谱法 GLC 气相色谱法 GLC-MS 气相色谱-质谱法 H HAAS 氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法HAES 氢化物发生原子发射光谱法HPLC 高效液相色谱法 HPTLC 高效薄层色谱法 I IBSCA 离子束光谱化学分析法 IC 离子色谱法 ICP 电感耦合等离子体 ICP-AAS 电感耦合等离子体原子吸收光谱法ICP-AES 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法ICP-MS 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 IDA 同位素稀释分析法 IDMS 同位素稀释质谱法 IEC 离子交换色谱法 INAA 仪器中子活化分析法 IPC 离子对色谱法 IR 红外光谱法 ISE 离子选择电极法 ISFET 离子选择场效应晶体管 L LAMMA 激光微探针质谱分析法 LC 液相色谱法 LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱法 M MECC 胶束动电毛细管色谱法 MEKC 胶束动电色谱法 MIP-AAS 微波感应等离子体原子吸收光谱法
DARPA :国防高级研究计划局 ARPARNET(Internet) :阿帕网 ICCC :国际计算机通信会议 CCITT :国际电报电话咨询委员会 SNA :系统网络体系结构(IBM) DNA :数字网络体系结构(DEC) CSMA/CD :载波监听多路访问/冲突检测(Xerox) NGI :下一代INTERNET Internet2 :第二代INTERNET TCP/IP SNA SPX/IPX AppleT alk :网络协议 NII :国家信息基础设施(信息高速公路) GII :全球信息基础设施 MIPS :PC的处理能力 Petabit :10^15BIT/S Cu芯片: :铜 OC48 :光缆通信 SDH :同步数字复用 WDH :波分复用 ADSL :不对称数字用户服务线 HFE/HFC:结构和Cable-modem 机顶盒 PCS :便携式智能终端 CODEC :编码解码器 ASK(amplitude shift keying) :幅移键控法 FSK(frequency shift keying) :频移键控法 PSK(phase shift keying) :相移键控法 NRZ (Non return to zero) :不归零制 PCM(pulse code modulation) :脉冲代码调制nonlinear encoding :非线性编程 FDM :频分多路复用 TDM :时分多路复用 STDM :统计时分多路复用 DS0 :64kb/s DS1 :24DS0 DS1C :48DS0 DS2 :96DS0 DS3 :762DS0 DS4 :4032DS0 CSU(channel service unit) :信道服务部件SONET/SDH :同步光纤网络接口 LRC :纵向冗余校验 CRC :循环冗余校验 ARQ :自动重发请求 ACK :确认 NAK :不确认
英语常用句子的简写 btw(by the way):这个大多数人都会用,就是“顺便再说一句”的意思。 g2g(got to go):要走了。原句是I've got to go。 omg(oh my god):我的天啊!有时为了表达更强烈的情感,有人会打:OMGGGGGGG! lol(laugh out loud):大声地笑。这个缩写已经快被用烂了。 sth(something):某事某物。 nth(nothing):什么也没有。 plz(please):请。please 字尾是z 音,所以按照读音缩写为plz。 thx(thanks):谢谢。按照发音来看,thanks字尾的ks可以用字母X代替。 数字: 2 = to/too 2B or not 2B = To be or not to be 4 = for 4ever = forever A: ASL = Age/Sex/Location AFAIC = As Far As I’m Concerned AFAIK = As Far As I Know AFK = Away From Keyboard AIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s Uncle AISI = As I See It AKA = Also Known As AMBW = All My Best Wishes ANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sponsor AOTS = All Of The Sudden ASAFP = As Soon As “Friggin” Possible ASAP = As Soon As Possible ATST = At The Same Time AWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again AWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh Again AYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something B: B4 = Before B4N = Bye For Now BBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel BBIAB = Be Back In A Bit BBIAF = Be Back In A Few BBL = Be Back Later
ABO 2,7,8-Trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl C ?O O O Ac Acetyl ?C O ACBZ 4-Azidobenzyloxycarbonyl ?C O O N N + - N ACE α-Chloroethoxycarbonyl AcHmb 2-Acetoxy-4-methoxybenzyl CH 2?O O O Acm Acetamidomethyl ?H2C O N H Ad 1-Adamantyl C ? Adoc 1-Adamantyloxycarbonyl C ? O O Adpoc 1-(1-Adamantyl)-1-methylethoxycarbonyl C ? O O AIBN 2,2’-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) or Azobisisobutyronitrile N N N N All Allyl CH 2? Alloc Alloxycarbonyl ?C O O Als Allylsulfonyl S ? O O AMB 2-(Acetoxymethyl)benzoyl C ? O O O AN 4-Methoxyphenyl or anisyl CH ? O Anpe 2-(4-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ?H2C N +O O -O AOC Allyloxycarbonyl ?C O O p-AOM p-Anisyloxymrthyl or (4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl ?H2C O O Ar Aryl 芳香基 ATP Adenosine 5’-triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷 ATPase Adenosinetriphosphatase ATP 酶 Azb p-Azidobenzyl CH 2? N N + -N Bam Benzamidomethyl ?H2C O NH
经济股市常用英文缩写大全 学习啦小编为大家整理了经济股市常用英文缩写大全,一起来学习吧! CRB是期货价格指数,反映期货价格的高低。路透商品研究局指数(CRB)是最早创立的商品指数,诞生于1957年,最早由28种商品组成,其中26种在美国和加拿大上市。1986年该指数在纽约商品交易所开始交易(现已并入到NYBOT)。路透社拥有该商品指数的所有权。CRB指数以一揽子的商品价格为组成成分,在此基础上计算而得到的商品指数,反映的是美国商品价格的总体波动,能使机构和个人投资者利用指数交易而获得商品价格综合变动带来的获利机会。CRB指数原来赋予了各构成商品同等权重,因此某一商品价格的反向变动不会导致CRB指数值出现异常巨大的变动。同时,在计算指数值时,CRB指数利用了合约延期和几何平均技术,这对指数价格的波动起到了平抑作用,从而创造了相对平滑的价格走势。ECI是就业成本指数。它是在受薪就业时对在美国所有州及255个地区超过500个行业所提供的工作数量的量度,就业估计是基于大企业的市场调整。而且把在国内企业及政府里全职或兼职的受薪员工数目计算起来。它反映的是就业的难易及其条件的好坏。CBD的全称是Central Business District,我国现有三种译法:中央商务区、商务中心
区或中央商业区,其概念最早产生于1923年的美国,当时定义为'商业会聚之处'。随后,CBD的内容不断发展丰富,成为一个城市、一个区域乃至一个国家的经济发展中枢。一般而言,CBD应该具备以下要素特征:它是城市的功能核心,城市的经济、科技、文化、商业等高度集中;它交通便利,人流、车流、物流巨大;它白天人口密度最高,昼夜间人口数量变化最大;它位于城市的黄金地带,地价最高;它高楼林立,土地利用率最高。NASDAQ,纳斯达克是英文缩写“NASDAQ”的音译名,全称是美国“全国证券交易商协会自动报价系统”。它建于1971年,是世界上第一个电子化证券市场。纳斯达克的发展与美国高技术产业的成长是相辅相成的,被奉为“美国新经济的摇篮”。股市中N、XD、XR、DR、G分别表示什么解释如下:当股票名称前出现了N字,表示这只股是当日新上市的股票,字母N是英语New(新)的缩写。看到带有N字头的股票时,投资者除了知道它是新股,还应认识到这只股票的股价当日在市场上是不受涨跌幅限 制的,涨幅可以高于10%,跌幅也可深于10%。这样就较容易控制风险和把握投资机会。当股票名称前出现XD 字样时,表示当日是这只股票的除息日,XD是英语Exclud(除去)Dividend(利息)的简写。在除息日的当天,股价的基准价比前一个交易日的收盘价要低,因为从中扣除了利息这一部分的差价。当股票名称前出现XR的字样时,表明当日
医院各个科室里常用的英文缩写的分类对照 medical department/departmentof internal medicine:内科 surgical deparment;department of surgery:外科 pediatricsdepartment: 小儿科 obstetricsand gynecology department: 妇产科 ophtalmology department:眼科 dental department:牙科 ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科 urologydepartment:泌尿科 dermatologydepartment; skin department:皮肤科 department of general surgery普通外科 orthopedic surgery department:矫形外科 traumatology department:创伤外科 plastic surgery: 整形外科 anesthesiologydepartment: 麻醉科 pathologydepartment:病理科 cardiology department:心脏病科 psychiatry department:精神病科 orthopedics department: 骨科 departmentof cardiac surgery:心脏外科 department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科 neurology department: 神经科 neurosurgery department: 神经外科 thoracicsurgery department:脑外科 department of anus &intestine surgery 肛肠外科 department of hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科 department of traditionalChinese medicine:中医科 departmentofinfectiousdiseases 传染病科 geriatrics department: 老人病专科 hematology department: 血液科 department ofrheumatism风湿科 department of endocrinology 内分泌科 departmentof plasticsurgery 医学整形科 hepatologydepartment: 肝病专科 nephrologydepartment:肾脏科 department ofvenereology 性病专科 departmentof physiotherapy理疗科 electrotherapy room 电疗科 heliotherapy room 光疗科 wax-therapyroom蜡疗科
职位的英文缩写及中文全称 品质人员名称类 QC quality control 品质管理人员 FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员 IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员 OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员 IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员 TQC total quality control 全面质量管理 POC passage quality control 段检人员 QA quality assurance 质量保证人员 OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员 QE quality engineering 品质工程人员 品质保证类 FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查 FAA first article assurance 首件确认 CP capability index 能力指数 CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数 SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供应商品质评估 FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析 FQC运作类 AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准 S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小 ACC Accept 允收 REE Reject 拒收 CR Critical 极严重的 MAJ Major 主要的 MIN Minor 轻微的 Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度/服务 P/N Part Number 料号 L/N Lot Number 批号 AOD Accept On Deviation 特采 UAI Use As It 特采 FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告 PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一 制程统计品管专类 SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制
. 分析测试仪器相关英文简称 紫外:UV 原吸:AAS 高效液相色谱:HPLC 气相色谱:GC 薄层色谱:TLC 离子色谱:IC 原子荧光:AFS 电感耦合等离子体扫描光谱仪:ICP 质谱:MS 红外光谱:IR;傅立叶红外光谱:FT-IR; 核磁共振:NMR 近红外:NIR 示差扫描量热仪:DSC 动态热机械分析仪:DTMA X射线荧光光谱仪:XRF 透射电子显微镜:TEM 扫描电子显微镜:SEM 场电子显微镜:FEM 场离子显微镜:FIM 低能电子衍射EED
. 光电子能谱:ESCA 扫描隧道显微镜:STM 原子力显微镜:AFM 横向力显微镜FM 扫描探针显微镜:SPM BOD:生化耗氧量 COD:化学耗氧量 TOC:总有机碳 TIC:总无机碳 AOX:可吸收卤化物
仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission SpectrometerICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission SpectrometerMIP 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC 离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph IC 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
英文简称英文全称中文全称 ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene 丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物AS Acrylonitrile-styrene resin 丙烯腈/苯乙烯共聚物 ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物CA Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维塑料 CE "Cellulose plastics, general" 通用纤维素塑料 CF Cresol-formaldehyde 甲酚-甲醛树脂 CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素 CN Cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素 CPE Chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯 CPVC Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride 氯化聚氯乙烯 EP "Epoxy, epoxide" 环氧树脂 EPM Ethylene-propylene polymer 乙烯/丙烯共聚物 EPS Expanded polystyrene 可发性聚苯乙烯 EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物 HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯HIPS High impact polystyrene 高抗冲聚苯乙烯 IPS Impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯 K树脂Styrene- butadiene 苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物
超实用英语缩写大全 无论口语表达还是书面表达,英语中也有很多缩写,如果你不能很好地理解和运用这些英语缩写,那就会大大影响你的英语日常交流水平,令你面临重重困难;反之,熟悉掌握这些英语缩写,能帮助你有效提高表达和沟通能力。 【一】常见的口语缩写 首先是非常简单和常见的,在口语中我们经常碰到一些缩写,诸如 wanna, gonna 之类,那么他们到底是怎么来的呢?又是什么意思呢? 1.wanna (= want to) 【美国口语】 wanna 是 "want to" 的缩写,意为“想要”“希望” eg: Wanna grab a drink tonight? 今晚喝一杯如何?
wanna的使用范围极广,从日常口语到 歌曲名称都有它的影子,有一首传唱度很高的歌想必大家都听过,歌名就是"Be What U Wanna Be " 2.gonna(= going to) gonna 是"going to" 的缩写,用在将 来时中,一般与 be 动词连用成“be gonna”结构,但在口语中也有省略be 的情况出现。【美国口语】 eg: Who's gonna believe you? 谁会信你呢? 3.kinda (= kind of) kinda 是"kind of"的缩写,意为“有点”“有几分” eg:
I'm kinda freaking out! 我快疯了! 4.sorta (=sort of)【美国口语】 sorta 是 "sort of" 的缩写,意为“有几分”“可以说是” eg: I'm sorta excited. 我有点小兴奋! 5.gotta (=got to)【美国口语】 gotta是"got to"的缩写,意为“不得不”“必须” eg: I gotta go now. 我现在得走了。 【二】常见的书面缩写
常用医学英文缩写对照表 AB ACEI ACT AG AMI ANA ARDS ASO ATP AVNRT AVRT BB BEE BT BuN C3 CBC CCU CHE CK CPAP CPR CT CVP DBP DCT DIC DM EF ENT FDP FUO GNS Hb HCO3- HCT HIV Holter IABP IHSS 实际碳酸氢盐 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 激活凝血时间 离子间隙 急性心梗 抗核抗体 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 抗链球菌溶血素“0” 三磷酸腺苷 房室结折返性心动过速 房室折返性心动过速 缓冲碱 基础能量消耗 出血时间 尿素氮 补体C3 血常规 心血管监护室 胆碱酯酶 肌酸磷酸激酶 持续正压通气 心肺复苏 凝血时间 中心静脉压 舒张压 双氢克尿噻 弥散性血管内凝血 舒张期杂音 射血分数 耳鼻喉科(五官科) 纤维蛋白原降解产物 不明原因发热 葡萄糖生理氯化钠溶液 血红蛋白 碳酸氢根 红细胞比容 人类免疫缺陷病毒 24h动态心电图 主动脉内气囊反搏术 特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下 NTG OB P(A-a)O2 P2 PaCO2 PAMPA PaO2 PCAP PCWP PEEP pH PPD Prn PT qh qid qn qod RF RI RR S3 S4 SaO2 SB TPN SBE SBP SGOT SGPT SK SM T3 T4 TAT TIL tid t-PA TPN TSH 硝酸甘油 隐油 肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差 肺动脉第二心音 动脉二氧化碳分压 氨甲苯酸 动脉氧分压 肺小动脉压 肺毛细血管压 呼气末正压 酸碱度 结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物 必要时 凝血酶原时间 每小时1次 每天4次 每晚1次 隔日1次 类风湿因子 胰岛素 呼吸频率 第3心音 第4心音 血氧饱和度 标准碳酸氢盐 全胃肠外营养 亚急性细菌性心内膜炎 收缩压 血清谷草转氨酶 血清谷丙转氨酶 链激酶 收缩期杂音 三碘甲状原氨酸 甲状腺素 抗蛇毒血清 短暂脑缺血发作 每天3次 组织型纤溶酶原激活物 全肠道外营养 促甲状腺激素
MCS-51指令英语全简称 (1)数据传送类指令(7种助记符) 助记符英文注释功能 MOV Move 对内部数据寄存器RAM和特殊功能寄存器SFR的数据进行传送 MOVC Move Code 读取程序存储器数据表格的数据传送 MOVX Move External RAM 对外部RAM的数据传送 XCH Exchange 字节交换 XCHD Exchange low-order Digit 低半字节交换 PUSH Push onto Stack) 入栈 POP Pop from Stack) 出栈 (2)算术运算类指令(8种助记符) ADD Addition 加法 ADDC Add with Carry 带进位加法 SUBB Subtract with Borrow 带借位减法 DA Decimal Adjust 十进制调整 INC Increment 加1 DEC Decrement 减1 MUL Multiplication、Multiply 乘法 DIV Division、Divide 除法 (3)逻辑运算类指令(10种助记符) ANL And Logic 逻辑与 ORL OR Logic 逻辑或 XRL Exclusive-OR Logic 逻辑异或 CLR Clear 清零 CPL Complement 取反 RL Rotate left 循环左移 RLC Rotate Left throught the Carry flag 带进位循环左移 RR Rotate Right 循环右移 RRC Rotate Right throught the Carry flag 带进位循环右移 SWAP Swap 低4位与高4位交换 (4)控制转移类指令(17种助记符) ACALL Absolute subroutine Call 子程序绝对调用 LCALL Long subroutine Call 子程序长调用 RET Return from subroutine 子程序返回 RETI Return from Interruption 中断返回 JMP Jump Indirect 跳转指令 SJMP Short Jump 短转移 AJMP Absolute Jump 绝对转移 LJMP Long Jump 长转移
缩写字拉丁文中文 aa. a.c. a.d. a.h. a.j. a.m. a.p. a.u.agit Abs.febr. Ac.;acid. Ad.;add Ad lid Ad us.ext Ad us.int. Alt.die.(a.d.) Amp. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2a15357917.html,en. Aq. Ana Ante cibos Ante decubitum Alternis horis Ante jentaculum Ante meridiem Ante parndium Ante usum agitetur Absente febri Acidum Ad Ad libitum Ad usum externum Ad usum internum Alternis diebus (alterno die) Ampulla Ante coenam Aqua 各 饭前 睡前 每2小时,隔1小时 早饭前 上午,午前 午饭前 使用前振荡 不发烧时 酸 到、为、加至 随意、任意量 外用 服 隔日 安瓶(瓿) 晚饭前 水
Aq.bull Aq.cal. Ap. Ap.dest. Ap.ferv. Ap.font. Ap.steril. b.i.d. Cap Caps.amyl. Caps.gelat. Caps.dur. Caps.moll. Catapl. c.c c.g. Cit. Collum. Collut. Collyr. Co. Ccen. Aqua bulliens Aqua calida Aqua communis Aqua destillata Aqua fervens Aqua Fontana Aqua sterilisata Bis in die Cape,capiat Capsula amylacea Capsula gelatinosa Capsula dura Capsula mollis Cataplasma Centimetrum cubicum Centigramma Cito Collunarium Collutorium Collyrium Compcitus Coena 开水,沸水 热水 普通水 蒸馏水 热水 泉水 无菌水 1日2次 应服用 淀粉襄 胶襄 硬胶襄 软胶襄 泥济 西西,公撮,立方公分 厘克,百分之一公分 快 洗鼻剂 漱口济 洗眼剂 复方的 晚饭
企业各职位英文缩写: 欧阳光明(2021.03.07) GM(General Manager)总经理 VP(Vice President)副总裁 FVP(First Vice President)第一副总裁 AVP(Assistant Vice President)副总裁助理 CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官,类似总经理、总裁,是企业的法人代表。 COO(Chief Operations Officer)首席运营官,类似常务总经理 CFO(Chief Financial Officer)首席财务官,类似财务总经理 CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官,主管企业信息的收集和发布 CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官类似总工程师 HRD(Human Resource Director)人力资源总监 OD(Operations Director)运营总监 MD(Marketing Director)市场总监 OM(Operations Manager)运作经理 PM(Production Manager)生产经理 (Product Manager)产品经理 其他: CAO: Art 艺术总监 CBO: Business 商务总监 CCO: Content 内容总监 CDO: Development 开发总监 CGO: Gonverment 政府关系 CHO: Human resource 人事总监 CJO: Jet 把营运指标都加一个或多个零使公司市值像火箭般上升的人 CKO: Knowledge 知识总监 CLO: Labour 工会主席 CMO: Marketing 市场总监 CNO: Negotiation 首席谈判代表CPO: Public relation 公关总监CQO: Quality control 质控总监 CRO: Research 研究总监 CSO: Sales 销售总监 CUO: User 客户总监
仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪 Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP 紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪 Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MI P 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Ab sorption Spectroscopy A AS 原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪 Gas Chromatograph GC 高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 离子色谱仪 Ion Chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph G PC 体积排阻色谱 Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD 同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪 Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪 Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪 Mass Spectrometer MS ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 GC-MS GC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪 LC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪 Polarograph 伏安仪 V oltammerter 自动滴定仪 Automatic Titrator 电导仪 Conductivity Meter pH计 pH Meter 水质分析仪 Water Test Kits 电泳仪 Electrophoresis System 表面科学Surface Science 电子显微镜 Electro Microscopy 光学显微镜 Optical Microscopy 金相显微镜 Metallurgical Microscopy 扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy 表面分析仪 Surface Analyzer 无损检测仪 Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析Physical Property Analysis 热分析仪Thermal Analyzer 粘度计 Viscometer 流变仪 Rheometer
附录 A 缩略语 缩略语英语解释中文解释 A AM/CM Administration Module/Communication Module 管理和通信模块 B BA BCCH Allocation BCCH分配 BAM Back Administration Module 后管理模块 BCC BTS Color Code 基站色码 BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel 广播控制信道 BCH Broadcast channel (transport channel) 广播信道(传输信道)BIE Base Station Interface Equipment 基站接口设备 BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply 大楼综合定时供给系统 BM Basic Module 基本模块 BS Base Station 基站 BS1 Abis Interface Abis接口 BSC Base Station Controller 基站控制器 BSIU Base Station Interface Unit 基站接口单元 BSS Base Station Subsystem 基站子系统 BTS Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台 C CA Cell Allocation 小区分配 CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel 小区广播信道 CC Country Code 国家码 CCCH Common Control Channel 公共控制信道 CCS Common Channel Signaling 共路信令方式 CDU Combiner and Divider Unit 合分路单元 CGI Cell Global Identification 全球小区识别码 CIC Circuit Identification Code 电路识别码 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验 CS-1 Code Scheme-1 编码模式-1(9.05kbit/s)CS-2 Code Scheme-2 编码模式-2(13.4kbit/s)CS-3 Code Scheme-3 编码模式-3(15.6kbit/s)CS-4 Code Scheme-4 编码模式-4(21.4kbit/s)
邮件中常用英文缩写 您肯定有时会在电子邮件或信件中看到不理解的奇怪缩写词。是否想知道它们表示什么? 下面是一个有用列表,相信会对您有所帮助。一些缩写(标有*)也会用在日常对话中。 i.e.*:that is(即)的缩写(“We will do it by eob, i.e. 5:30 pm(我们将在下班前完成,即,下午5:30 之前)”,发音为“eye-ee”) incl.:including(包括)的缩写(“Pls send it incl. new propsal asap.(请尽快发送,包括新的建议书。)”) info.:information(信息)的缩写(“Thanks in advance for the info.(提前感谢提供该信息。)”)IOU*:I owe you(欠条)的缩写(“We will send an IOU(我们将发给您一张欠条)”,发音为“I owe you”) K*:a thousand(一千)的缩写(“It will cost around 3K(将花费大约三千)”,发音为“three-kay”) max.*:maximum(最多)的缩写(“It will cost 3K max.(最多将花费三千。)”) MD*:managing director(总经理)的缩写(“He’s our MD(他是我们的总经理)”,发音为“em-dee”) min.*:minimum(最少)的缩写(“It will cost 3K min.(最少将花费三千。)”) n/a:not applicable(不适用)的缩写(“This is n/a in this context.(在此上下文中不适用。)”)NB:please note(请注意)的缩写(用在文档的末尾,“NB: Holidays this year are cancelled.(请注意:本年度的假期被取消。)”) no.:number(编号)的缩写(“Pls advise no. of deliveries.(请建议交付编号。)”) p.a.:per year(每年)的缩写(“How much p.a.?(每年有多少?)”) pd:paid(已支付)的缩写(“This invoice was pd in December.(此发票在12 月份已支付。)”)pls:please(请)的缩写(“Pls advise.(请建议。)”) PTO:please turn over(请翻页)的缩写(用在页面末尾) p.w.:per week(每周)的缩写(“How many p.w.?(每周多少?)”) qtr:quarter(季度)的缩写(“How many per qtr?(每季度多少?”) qty:quantity(数量)的缩写(“Pls advise re. qty.(请就数量提出建议。)”) R&D*:research and development(研发)的缩写(“Need to do some R&D.(需要做一些研发。)”) re.:with reference to(关于)的缩写(“Pls advise re. qty.(请就数量提出建议。)”) ROI:return on investment(投资回报率)的缩写(“What will the ROI be?(投资回报率是多少?)”) RSVP*:please reply(请回复)的缩写(用在邀请函中) sae:stamped addressed envelope(已贴邮票、写好地址的信封)的缩写(“Pls send sae.(请发送已贴邮票、写好地址的信封。)”)