美国概况
登陆佳禾外语(https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,/ ) 享受更多增值服务。
佳禾英语网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
佳禾日语网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
在线测试：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
有问必答：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
学习小组：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
练习题：
1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east”and “west” is_The Mississ ippi River ____.
2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _.Th
e Atlantic and Gul
f Coastal Plain ___.
3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is__.Non-hispanics whit e，__.
4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is__ African America ns __.
5 __America__has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.
6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by__World war II__.
7 In the United States, primary education requires__SIX__years.
8 Most college students in the United States are in_PUBLIC___institutions.
9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____ ___the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the Unit ed States Supreme Court.
_____.
10 __.Louisana ___(which state )is not governed by the common law.
练习题答案及题解:
1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3 .Non-hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4 .African Americans，2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5 .America，美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6. World War II，第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
7. Six years，美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
8. Public，大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Cou rts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.
10 .Louisana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
美国概况
练习题：
1 Of the fifty states of America, __38___states now have the death penalty as pun ishment.
2 The four major regions of the United Sates are__northeast south Midwest and w est______________________________.
3 ___The new England region___ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.
4 ___california___is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for__american films___
6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is__the Mis sissippi river___.
7 The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a __typical continental___climate.
8 To the west of mainland American lies the ___pacific__ Ocean.
9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its__automobile industry__ _.
10 The natives of the continent of the America are the__indians___.
练习题答案及题解:
1．38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。
2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。
3．The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
4 ．California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
5 ．American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。
6．the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。
7 ．typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
8 ．Pacific Ocean，美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
9 ．automobile industry，底特律是美国著名的汽车城。
10 ．Indians，美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。
美国概况
练习题：
1 ．___D__is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A ．Washington D.C
B ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．N ew York City
2．___A__ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．A sian Americans
3 ．Washington D.C. is named after_____C______.
A．the U.S. President George Washington
B ．Christopher Columbus
C ．both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D ．none of them
4 ．American and British English are two___A__ of the English language. A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．f orm
5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was__D_ ___.
A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison
D ．Abraham Lincoln
6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is__A___.
A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．Texas D ．M ontana
7．The national flag of the United States is known as___A__.
A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog
D ．Union Jack
8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the __B___.
A ．contribution a state has made to the nation
B．population
C．size
D．none of the above
9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to __B__.
A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudso n River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by___A__ as a gift in 1884. A．France B．Spain C ．Italy
D ．Britain
练习题答案及题解:
1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2．A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 ．C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4．A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5．D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6．A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 ．A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8．B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 ．B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10．A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
练习题：
1. Ernest Hemingway is __B___.
A. Englishman
B. American
C.Dutch
D. Denmark
2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is __A___ president.
A. 35th
B. 34th
C. 33rd
D. 32nd
3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Sem inary , opened in ___C__ to serve the “ Muslim sex”.
A. New England
B. Virginia
C. Massachusetts
D. New York
4. The capital of Massachusetts is __B___.
A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta
5 .___D__ is the dividing line between the South and North.
A.The Hudson River
B. The Potomac River
C. The Ohio River
D. The Missouri River
6 .___D__ is Washington’s largest city.
A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle
7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the ___C__River banks.
A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri
8. When did the American Civil War break out? C
A. 1775
B. 1812
C. 1861
D. 1863
9 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? B
A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin
D. John Hancock
10. In which day is Halloween celebrated? B
A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 Dece mber
练习题答案及题解:
1. B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。
2 .A,肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。
3. C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。
4 .B,麻省的首府是波士顿。
5. D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。
6 .D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。
7. C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。
8. C,美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。
9 .B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯?杰弗逊。
10 .B,万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号。
英国概况
练习题：
1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors exce pt __D___.
A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The __B___ has very little po wer.
A queen
B monarch
C prime minister
D king
3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received fina ncial support from them?
A the Labor Party
B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party
D the Social Democratic Party
4 On accepting __A__, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with po wers limited by Parliament, began.
A Constitutional Law
B The Declaration of Independence
C Civil Law
D Bill of Rights
5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ___A_.
A 1918
B 1916
C 1920
D 1896
6 The British North America Act of 186
7 established __B__ as a domain.
A Australia
B Canada
C New Zealand
D India
7 During World War II, as a war leader, __D___ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A Harold Wilson
B Edward Heath
C Franklin Roosevelt
D Winston Churchill
8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and __C___.
A France
B New Zealand
C Argentina
D Australia
9 In Britain, a __B___ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resign s.
A civic election
B by-election
C popular election
D general election
10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommen dation of __C___.
A the Lord Chancellor
B the Monarch
C the Prime Minister
D the King
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实
质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。
英国概况
练习题：
1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
A 650
B 524
C 72
D 651
2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minis ter?
A Margaret Thatcher
B Winston Churchill
C Horatio Nelson
D John Major
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A Prime Minister
B Member of Parliament
C Lord of appeal
D Speaker of the House
4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
A the Labour Party
B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party
D the Social Democratic Party
5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the H ouse of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A largest
B second largest
C third largest
D fourth largest
6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decli ne.
A political
B educational
C military
D economic
7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization
B nationalization
C privatization
D competition
8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
A coal mining
B iron and steel
C textiles
D shipbuilding
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17t
h century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 176
5. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to tra de unionism.
A The Chartist Movement
B The Industrial Revolution
C The French Revolution
D The Glorious Revolution
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称Viscount Nelson。
3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
英国概况
练习题：
1 _____ is the key to Industrial Revolution.
A Iron
B Cotton Textile
C Coal mining
D Steam engine
2 _____ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Re volution.
A Criticism
B Modernism
C Romanticism
D Renaissance
3 Modern football game began in _____.
A China
B France
C England
D Germany
4 _____ is the leader of the British government.
A Prime Minister
B Queen
C President
D Governor
5 The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an ind ustrial and manufacturing city.
A Edinburgh
B Belfast
C Glasgow
D Birmingham
6 _____ introduced Christianity into Britain.
A The Celts
B The Romans
C The Viking Danes
D The French
7 The real power of the British government lies in _____.
A the House of Commons
B the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
C the Prime Minister
D the Queen
8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to __ ___.
A 5, 14
B 6, 17
C 5, 16
D 6, 14
9 The longest river in Britain is _____ , and the largest river in the USA is _____.
A the Seven River; the Missouri River
B the Thames River; the Missouri River
C the Severn River; the Mississippi
D the Thames River; the Ohio River
10 The general election in Britain is held every ____ years.
A four
B three
C six
D five
练习题答案及题解:
1 B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。
2 C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。
3 C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。
4 A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。
5 D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和制造业中心。
6 B, 公元43年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。
7 B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。
8 C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。
9 C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河，长4000公里左右。
10 D, 英国大选每5年举行一次。
英国概况
1.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?
A Roman
B Anglo-Saxons
C Jutes
D Celts
2.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought ____.
A from 1327 to 1453
B from 1337 to 1453
C from 1347 to 1453 C from 1357 to 1453
3.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year ____
A 1918
B 1920
C 1945
D 1949
4.The English Civil War is also called ____
A the Puritan Revolution
B the second Magna Carta
C the Long Parliament
D the Anglican War
5.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ____ and the North Sea in the east,
A east
B south
C west
D north
6.The largest lake in Britain is ____.
A. Loch Lomond B the Lough Neagh C Windermere D Ullswater
7.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?
A In the Highlands
B In the central Lowlands
C In the Uplands
D In the west of Scotland
8.In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.
A 2%
B 3%
C 4%
D 5%
9.The two important crops in Britain are ____
A barley and corn
B wheat and rice
C barley and oats
D wheat and barley
10.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ____
A can legally receive partly free education
B can legally receive completely free education
C can not receive free education at all
D can not receive free education if their parents are rich
答案
1.D 凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。
2.B 英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。
3.D 爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。
4.A 英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。
5.B 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。
6.B 英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。
7.B 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。
8.A 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。
9.D 小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。
10.B 英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费。
练习题：
1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A The Telegraph
B The Guardian
C The News of the World
D The Times
2 The river Thames is in _____.
A Wales
B Scotland
C England
D Northern Ireland
3 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain
B the United States
C Canada
D Austrilia
4 Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?
A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.
B Public housing became more important.
C Many public houses were sold to people.
D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.
5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _____.
A it’s one of the developed countries in the world
B it’s a traditional sea power
C it has an advanced industry
D it’s able to produce submarines
6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?
A The Times
B The Guardian
C The Observer
D The Financial Times
7 Big Ben was named after _____.
A Christopher Wren
B Benjamin Hall
C Ben John
D G. Stephenson
8 The Capital of Wales is _____.
A Swansea
B Cardiff
C Rhonda
D Belfast
9 _____ is England’s biggest naval base.
A Portsmouth
B Southampton
C Plymouth
D Dover
10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and ____ _.
A the Liberal Party
B the Democratic Party
C the Labour Party
D the Republican Party
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。
2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。
3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。
4 C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。
5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。
6 C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。
7 B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者Benjamin Hall。
8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。
9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。
10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
英国概况
练习题：
1 Which name is NOT related to Britain?
A Northern Ireland
B Scotland
C Wales
D Toronto
2 The news agency Reuters was founded in _____.
A London
B Birmingham
C Liverpool
D Manchester
3 The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was buil t by _____.
A King Harold
B Robin Hood
C Oliver Cromwell
D William the Conqueror
4 Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?
A The Anglo-Saxon
B The Normans
C The Vikings
D The Romans
5 Which is the largest city in Scotland?
A Cardiff
B Edinburgh
C Glasgow
D Manchester
6 In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____.
A can legally receive completely free education
B can legally receive partly free education
C cannot receive free education at all
D cannot receive free education of their parents are rich
7 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain
B the United States
C Canada
D Australia
8 What is the name of Britain’s highest mountain?
A Anne Boleyn
B Ben Nevis
C Snowdonia
D Scafell
9 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way?
A Great Britain
B The British Isles
C The United Kingdom
D England
10 Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with _____.
A the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking
B the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking
C the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinking
D the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 多伦多属于加拿大,与英国无关。
2 A, 路透社创建于伦敦。
3 D, 伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。
4 A, 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。
5 C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。
6 A, 英国小孩5—16岁的教育是免费的。
7 A, 工业革命起源于英国。
8 B, 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。
9 C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或“the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （Northern and Sou thern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。
10 A, 英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地。
登陆佳禾外语(https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,/ ) 享受更多增值服务。
佳禾英语网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
佳禾日语网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
在线测试：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
有问必答：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
学习小组：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2211589912.html,
专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一：★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题： 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
大学英语专业八级之人文知识：英国地理3 1.1 2. What is the directive function? The “directive function” means that language may be used to get the hearer to do something. Most imperative sentences perform this function, e. g., “Tell me the result when you finish.” Other syntactic structures or sentences of other sorts can, according to J.Austin and J.Searle’s “indrect speech act theory”(see Hu Zhuanglin et al.,pp271-278) at least, serve the purpose of direction too, e.g., “If I were you, I would have blushed to the bottom of my ears!” 1.13.What is the informative function? Language serves an “informational function” when used to tell something, characterized by the use of declarative sentences. Informative statements are often labelled as true(truth) or false(falsehood). According to P.Grice’s “Cooperative Principle”(see Hu Zhuanglin et al., pp282-283), one ought not to violate the “Maxim of Quality”, when he is informing at all. 1.14.What is the interrogative function? When language is used to obtain information, it serves an “interrogative function”. This includes all questions that expect replies, statements, imperatives etc., according to the “indirect speech act theory”, may have this function as well, e.g., “I’d like to know you better.” This may bring forth a lot of personal information. Note that rhetorical questions make an exception, since they demand no answer, at least not the reader’s/listener’s answer. 1.15.What is the expressive function? The “expressive function”is the use of language to reveal something about the feelings or attitudes of the speaker. Subconscious emotional ejaculations are good examples, like “Good heavens!”“My God!” Sentences like “I’m sorry about the delay” can serve as good examples too, though in a subtle way. While language is used for the informative function to pass judgement on the truth or falsehood of statements, language used for the expressive function evaluates, appraises or asserts the speaker’s own attitudes. 1.16.What is the evocative function? The “evocative function” is the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer. Its aim is , for example, to amuse, startle, antagonize, soothe, worry or please. Jokes(not practical jokes, though) are supposed to amuse or entertain the listener; advertising to urge customers to purchase certain commodities; propaganda to influence public opinion. Obviously, the expressive and the evocative functions often go together, i.e., you may express, for example, your personal feelings about a political issue but end up by evoking the same feeling in, or imposing it on, your listener. That’s also the case with the other way round. 1.17.What is the performative function? This means people speak to “do things” or perform actions. On certain occasions the utterance itself as an action is more important than what words or sounds constitute the uttered sentence. When asked if a third Yangtze bridge ought to be built in Wuhan, the mayor may say “OK”, which means more than speech, and more than
The Ren aissa nee is actually a moveme nt stimulated by a series of historical eve nts. which one of the followi ng is not such an eve nt Which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the En glish Ian guage. A.The Pilgrim's Progress B. Grace Abo unding to the Chief of Sinners C. The Life and Death of Mr. Badma n D. The Holy War It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower All of the following four except are the most eminent dramatists in the Ren aissa nee En gla nd. A.Francis Baco n B. Christopher Marlowe C. William Shakespeare D. Ben Jonson It is gen erally regarded that Keats's most importa nt and mature poems are in the form of . A.elegy B. ode C. epic D. sonnet Daniel Defoe's no vels mainly focus on A.the struggle of the un fortun ate for mere existe nd B.the struggle of the shipwrecked pers ons for security C.the struggle of the pirates for wealth D.the desire of the crimi nals for property In Beowulf, fought aga inst the mon ster Gren del and a five breath ing drag on. A. the An glo-Sax ons B. Beowulf C. the Scandin avia n D. the Win ter Drago n Fran cis Bac on is best known for his which greatly in flue need the developme nt of this literary form. A. essays B. poems C. works D plays Most of Thomas Hardy's no vels are set in Wessex . A. a crude region in England B. a fictional primitive region C. a remote rural area D. Hardy's hometow n We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem "Ode to the West Wind" with all the followi ng terms except . A. swift B. proud C. tamed D. wild "Blindness", "partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of . A. Elizabeth B. Darcy C. Mr. Be nnet D. Mrs. Bennet The moder n En glish no vel came into being |n A. the middle of the 17th cen tury B. the 17th ce ntury
2003年英语专业八级真题试卷 [真题] 120 PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 第1题： Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk? A.Offices throughout the world are basically alike. B.There are primarily two kinds of office layout. C.Office surroundings used to depend on company size. D.Office atmosphere influences workers' performance. 第2题： We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on your A.promotion. B.colleagues. C.management. D.union. 第3题： Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances? A.Request a formal special meeting with the boss. B.Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting. C.Contact a consultative committee first. D.Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately. 第4题： According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPT A.mediation.
美国概况 练习题： 1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. 5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. 7 In the United States, primary education requires____years. 8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions. 9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解: 1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3 .Non-hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4 .African Americans，2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5 .America，美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6. World War II，第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7. Six years，美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8. Public，大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10 .Louisana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 美国概况 练习题： 1 Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment. 2 The four major regions of the United Sates are________________________________. 3 ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 4 ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____ 6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____. 7 The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a _____climate. 8 To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean. 9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____. 10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_____. 练习题答案及题解: 1．38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 3．The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31.is not a n atio nally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Tha nksgivi ng Day [D] Independence Day 32.The uni versity of Dubli n was not foun ded un til . [A] the 19th cen tury [B] the 18th cen tury [C] the 17th cen tury [D] the 16th cen tury 33.The in troduced old-age pensions in New Zeala nd in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Con servative Party 34.Irish culture exp erie need a golde n age from to . [A] the eighth cen tury, the eleve nth cen tury [B] the seve nth cen tury, the ninth cen tury [C] the sixth cen tury, the eighth cen tury [D] the ?fth cen tury, the seve nth cen tury 35.Which of the follow ing writ ings is not the work by Charles Dicke ns? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36.is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the moder ni stic p eriod. [A] Si nclair Lewis [B] Euge ne O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tenn essee Williams 37.is often acclaimed literary sp okesma n of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemi ngway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulk ner [D] Ezra Pou nd 38.is a relati onship in which a word of a certa in class determ ines the form of others in terms of certa in categories. [A] Con cord [B] Immediate con stitue nt [C] Syn tagmatic relatio ns [D] Gover nment 39.studies the sound systems in a certa in Ian guage. [A] Pho netics [B] Phon ology [C] Sema ntics [D] P ragmatics 40.A lin guistic situati on in which two sta ndard Ian guages are used either by an in dividual or by a group of sp eakers is called . [A] situati onal dialect [B] sla ng [C] li nguistic taboo [D] bil in gualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31.The followi ng are p roducts imp orted by Australia from Ch ina EXCE PT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel p roducts [D] electro nics 32.Scots regard as the most imp orta nt festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33.The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became P rime Mi nister in 1992. [A] Joh n Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keat ing 34.was known for his famous sp eech "I have a dream". [A] Joh n F. Kennedy [B] Marti n Luther Kin g, Jr [C] Abraham Li ncoln [D] Thomas Jeffers on 35.Of all the 18th century novelists, ___________ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the moder n novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Joh nson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] He nry Feildi ng 36.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th cen tury America n writers, is well known for his . [A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery [C] local color [D] symbolism
——参考范本—— 【资格考试】2019最新整理- 专业英语八级模拟人文知识测试(二十二) ______年______月______日 ____________________部门
1.In 1620, 201 Pilgrims, to escape religous presecution, sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.They arrived at ____. A New York B Georgia C Virginia D Plymouth 2.The earliest institution of higher learning set up in America was ___ A California University B Yale University C Harvard College D Chicago University 3.The Grand Canyon in south-western ____ is one of nature’s most impressive sights. A Utah B Arizona C Nevada D Idaho 4.American presidents are elected ____. A every two years B every four years C every five years D every six years 5.In America the judicial is headed by ____. A the President B Congress C the Supreme Court D the Secretary General 6.In the United States, the first larges immigration movement took plane ____ A right after the War of Independence B in the mid-1800 C at the turn of the 20th century
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. 1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to [A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. [B] Identify a problem. [C] Bring together disparate facts. [D] Stipulate clear goals. 2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？