第九讲虚拟语气
虚拟语气考点点击（一）
考点一：虚拟语气在条件句中的基本形式
1. (10天津，15) — John went to the hospital alone.
— If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
2. (10北京，34) — The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.
A. wouldn’t die
B. didn’t die
C. hadn’t died
D. wouldn’t have died
3. (10湖南，29) If he ________ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
4. (10陕西，15) If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
5. (09天津，15) The printer is of good quality. If it _____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
考点说明：(1-5 DDCBB) 高考对虚拟语气的考查多集中在对含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本形式的考查上。做这类试题时，首先要弄清楚题干与什么时间的事实相反的假设，然后运用所学知识判断主句和从句的谓语动词的正确形式，如：第1-4小题都是与过去事实相反的假设；第5小题是与将来事实相反的假设。
考点二：虚拟语气应用的特殊情况
1. (10浙江，10) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _________.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
2. (10江苏，34) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
3. (09福建，35) But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
4. (08山东，24) Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without
you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
考点说明：(1-4 ABBB) 高考也会考查虚拟语气应用的一些特殊情况，如：第1小题虚拟语气的倒装；第2小题的would rather …；第3、4小题的but for …, without …“要是没有……”。
虚拟语气考点归纳（一）
高考对虚拟语气的考查主要涉及其谓语动词形式，因此记住不同情况的虚拟语气的
谓语动词形式是很重要的。
一、含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气形式
1. 与现在事实相反的假设。
if从句中：did 主句中：would (could, might, should) do
If I were you, I would attend the lecture.
If it didn’t rain, we could be having a picnic now.
2. 与过去事实相反的假设。
if从句中：had done 主句中：would (could, might, should) have done
If I had taken your advice, I would not have failed in the exam.
If he had come earlier, he would have caught the train.
3. 与将来事实相反的假设。
if从句中：did / were to do / should do
主句中：would (could, might, should) do
If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next Monday.
If it were to snow next week, we might not go on our holiday.
看下面一道高考题：
(07全国II，8) _____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Though
D. When
简析：A。考查虚拟语气。由主、从句谓语动词看，句子为虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，缺少连接词，故选A。
二、虚拟语气应用的特殊情况
1. 如果条件句中含were, had, should，可将if省略，而把这些词放到主语之前。如：
Were I you, I would accept his gift.
Had he come yesterday, he would have met his girlfriend.
Should it rain, the fruit would be saved.
2. 主、从句与事实相反的时间不一致，我们称之为“混合时间的虚拟语气”。如：
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you would be quite all right now.
3. 有时虚拟语气的条件是通过介词、副词、连词和其它成分来体现的，不出现条件句，
这在英语中称为“含蓄条件句”。如：
Without water, fish would die.
But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.
Given more money, the director could have made a better film.
看下面一道高考题：
(09安徽，34) But for their help, we ____ the program in time.
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
简析：D。考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他们帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。虚拟语气的条件用but for their help来表示，根据句意，与过去事实相反，故选D。
能力突破
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, __________________________ (我们现在就到了).
2. Without computers, much of today’s advanced technology ___________________________
(就不会取得).
3. _________________ (万一明天下雨), we would have to call off the picnic.
4. I regret not having taken your advice. _____________________ (否则，我不会犯这样错误).
5. If _________________________________ (明天下雨), I would not go there.
6. You are late. If you ___________________________ (早来几分钟), you would have met him.
7. If we had made adequate preparations, ____________________ (我们也许已成功).
8. If he had not hurt his leg, John _________________________ (会来参会的).
9. But for these interruptions, _____________________(会早就开完了).
10. Tom looks sleepy. _______________(你也会)if you had a high fever.
一、1. we would be there now 2. would not have been achieved 3. Should it rain tomorrow 4. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake 5. it were to rain tomorrow 6. had come a few minutes earlier 7. we might have succeeded 8. would have attended the meeting 9. the meeting would have ended a lot earlier 10. So would you
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 要是早点动身，我就会赶上火车。
__________________________________________
2. 如果她嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。
__________________________________________
3. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车。
__________________________________________
4. 你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你不会那么累。
__________________________________________
5. 如果昨天晚上下雨，今天就会非常凉爽了。
___________________________________________
6. 如果没有电，人类现在的生活就会是另一种样子了。
___________________________________________
7. 踢球前他犹豫了一会，否则他会破门得分。
_____________________________________________
二、
1. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
2. If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.
3. If I were rich, I would buy a car.
4. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.
5. If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today.
6. Without electricity, human life would be quite different now.
7. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.
Grammar quiz 语法小测
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. “If I ____ taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.
A. didn’t start
B. haven’t started
C. hadn’t started
D. shouldn’t start
2. Tell him to finish the composition first, _____ he come this afternoon.
A. if
B. should
C. were
D. had
3. If it were not for the fact that you ____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were
B. had been
C. be
D. are
4. — Why are you so late?
— I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I ____ earlier.
A. arrived
B. had arrived
C. would arrive
D. would have arrived
5. We_____ here at lunchtime, but we were delayed at the airport.
A. would have been
B. must have been
C. could be
D. should be
6. — You didn’t wait for Mr Smith last night, did you?
— Yes, but we____. He didn’t return home at all.
A. don’t have to
B. needn’t have
C. don’t need to
D. should have
7. _____ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun _____.
A. If; to raise
B. Were; to rise
C. Should; to rise
D. Because; raising
8. — I guess you missed the last bus?
— So I did. If only I _____ five minutes earlier!
A. arrived
B. was arriving
C. had arrived
D. would arrive
9. — Did you go to watch the basketball match last night?
— No, I didn’t feel well but I would have gone if I ____.
A. were
B. did
C. should
D. had
10. He said that if he _____ how it worked, he ______ me what to do.
A. knows; would tell
B. knew; would have told
C. had known; would tell
D. had known; would have told
语法小测
1-5 CBDDA 6-10 BBCDD
用括号内所给动词适当形式填空。
1. If anyone _____ (come) this way, we would be caught like rats in a trap.
2. “If I ____ (start) taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.
3. If you _____ (not practise) speaking English regularly, you would never become fluent.
4. If we _____ (get) there on time, we wouldn’t have found the door locked.
5. If the rocket had gone into orbit, it ____ (mark) a step forward in space research.
6. If I _____ (know) French, I _____ (read) the French article.
7. If my father _____ (not tell) him his name, his first teacher____ (not recognize) him.
8. We went in the completely wrong direction. If we ____ (pay) more attention to the signboards, we _____ (not lose) our way.
9. He didn’t join the swimming club. If his father_____ (give) him permission, he _____ (join) it.
10. It’s too bad; the weather is so poor. If it _____ (not snow), we _____ (go) for a drive.
11. He _____ (arrest) by the police if he_____ (try) to enter the country illegally.
12. Tell him to finish the composition first, if he ________ (come) this afternoon.
13. If it were not for the fact that you ____ (be) ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
14. — Why are you so late?
— I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I ____ (arrive) earlier.
15. We_____ (be) here at lunchtime, but we were delayed at the airport.
16. If he _______ (take) an umbrella with him this morning, he wouldn’t be wet all over now.
17. _____ (be) it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun to rise.
18. — I guess you missed the last bus?
— So I did. If only I _____ (arrive) five minutes earlier!
19. — Did you go to watch the basketball match last night?
— No, I didn’t feel well but I __________ (go) if I had.
20. He said that if he _____ (know) how it worked, he ______ (tell) me what to do.
Keys：(One possible version)
语法小测
1. came
2. hadn’t started
3. didn’t practise
4. had got
5. would have marked
6. knew; could read
7. hadn’t told; wouldn’t have recognized
8. had paid; wouldn’t have lost
9. had given; would have joined 10. were not snowing; would go 11. would be arrested; tried 12. should come 13. are 14. would have arrived 15. would have been 16. had taken 17. Were 18. had arrived 19. would have gone 20. had known; would have told
虚拟语气考点点击（二）
考点一：考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1. (10福建，29) Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow
D. couldn’t allow
2. (09浙江，13) The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
3. How I wish I _____ a car now! I have to take trouble to go to work on the crowded bus every day.
A. will have
B. had
C. would have
D. should have
考点说明：高考对于虚拟语气在宾语从句中的考查主要集中在动词：建议(suggest, advise, propose)、命令(order, command)、要求(require, request, demand)、坚持(insist) 等等，其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should do”的形式，如第2小题；其中should经常省略，如第1小题；以及动词wish后的宾语从句中，如第3小题。
考点二：考查表语或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
1. My suggestion is that some measures ________ to stop the river from being polluted.
A. must take
B. should take
C. be taken
D. are taken
2. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put of
D. is to put off
考点说明：在表示“建议、命令，要求等”的动词衍生出的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词也要用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，should经常省略。
考点三：考查主语从句中的虚拟语气
1. It is required that in no case_____ our password.
A. we should forget
B. should we forget
C. shall we forget
D. we shall forget
2. It was necessary that the injured _________ to the nearest hospital at once.
A. were sent
B. should send
C. had sent
D. be sent
考点说明：高考对于虚拟语气在主语从句中的考查主要是，在句型“It is / was required / suggest ed… that…”以及“It is / was necessary / important…that …”中，that引导的主语从句要使用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，should经常省略。
考点四：考查状语从句中的虚拟语气
(06全国I，31) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday.
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
考点说明：高考对于虚拟语气在状语从句中的考查除了if引导的非真实条件状语从句外，通常还用as if / though 引导的方式状语中。
考点五：考查定语从句中的虚拟语气
It’s high time that he settled down in the city and _______ a new life.
A. start
B. started
C. to start
D. starting
考点说明：高考对于虚拟语气在定语从句中的考查主要是，在句型“It is (high) time that …”中，that引导的从句中要使用“did或should do”的形式。
虚拟语气考点归纳（二）
一、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议(suggest, advise, propose)、命令(order, command)、要求(require, request, demand)、坚持(insist) 等动词后that引导的宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用“should do”的形式，其中should经常省略。如：
The teacher suggests that the boy should finish his homework first.
The boss demanded that the task be completed right away.
He suggested that we should start off early the next day.
The doctor ordered that the patient be sent to hospital without delay.
动词wish后的宾语从句：如果与主句谓语动词同时，从句的谓语用did / were的形式；如果先于主句谓语动词，从句的谓语用had done的形式；如果后于主句谓语动词，从句的谓语用would do的形式。如：
I wish I had finished writing the book yesterday, but I was too busy.
二、表语或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示“建议、命令，要求等”的动词衍生出的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词也要使用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，should经常省略。如：
My demand is that you finish your homework before going to bed.
My suggestion is that you should get up early every morning.
After a while he made a suggestion that they should carry on their conversation in Chinese.
We should consider the students’ request that the school library provide more books on popular science.
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在句型“It is / was required / suggested …that …”以及“It is / was necessary / important … that …”中，that引导的主语从句要使用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，should 经常省略。如：
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
It’s necessary that they should go there at once.
四、状语从句中的虚拟语气
状语从句中的虚拟语气除了if引导的非真实条件状语从句外，通常还用as if / though 引导的方式状语中，形式同wish后的宾语从句。如：
He behaves as if he had no common sense.
He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.
五、定语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在定语从句中应用主要用于句型“It is time that …”中，从句谓语动词用“did / were或should do”的形式，should不能省去。如加强语气可在time前加high。如：
It is (high) time that you went to work.
It is time that we should put an end to this discussion.
能力突破
一、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. I wish ____________________________ (我没有像那样说) to my teacher just now.
2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks _________________________ (好像断了).
3. Li Ming speaks English as if _______________________________ (他是个美国人).
4. It is time that we sat down and _______________________________ (为期末考试做好准备).
5. The order came that ______________________________ (战士们离开村子) the next morning.
6. What he said suggested that _____________________________ (他是个骗子).
7. It is necessary that __________________________ (我们打扫屋子) every day.
8. We agree to his proposal that _____________________________ (运动会推迟) till next week.
9. I wish _____________________________ (一年四季如春).
10. — Don’t you want to go to the cinema with us?
— __________________ (我希望能), but I have an appointment.
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 顾客要求我们提高产品质量。
_____________________________________________
2. 我们会认真考虑他的建议——在校园里再建一个游泳池。
______________________________________________
3. 我们马上动身很有必要。
______________________________________________
4. 难道不是你开始言归正传的时候吗？
_______________________________________________
5. 老板的命令是工作必须在六点前完成。
_______________________________________________
Grammar quiz 语法小测
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Jan e’s face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination.
A. be; should have
B. was; have
C. should be; had
D. was; has
2. The two strangers talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
3. The doctor recommended that I _____ here for the sunshine before I started for home.
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. must come
4. It’s strange that such a thing ___ in your school.
A. will happen
B. happens
C. should happen
D. happened
5. It is high time that our child _____ to do some housework.
A. learned
B. learn
C. will learn
D. would learn
6. I wish I _____ the meeting last week.
A. could attend
B. attended
C. have attended
D. had attended
7. How I wish I _____ to repair the electronic watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried
B. hadn’t tried
C. have tried
D. didn’t try
8.— Any information about your son?
— No. If only I _____ those tough words to him.
A. didn’t say
B. hadn’t said
C. shouldn’t have said
D. couldn’t have said
9. What he suggested is ____ we ____ to the English broadcast in the morning.
A. how; would listen
B. that; might listen
C. that; listen
D. what; should listen
10. It is required in some colleges that lights in students’ dorms _____ off by 11 o’clock.
A. be switched
B. would switch
C. should switch
D. must be switched
第9期B2版Keys：
能力突破 (One possible version)
一、1. I hadn’t said like that 2. as if it were broken 3. he were an American 4. got ready for the final examination 5. the soldiers leave the village 6. he was a cheat 7. we should clean the room 8. the sports meeting be put off 9. it were spring all the year round 10. I wish I could 二、1. Customers demand that we improve the quality of our products. 2. We will seriously consider his suggestion that another swimming pool should be built in our school. 3. It’s necessary that we set off at once. 4. Isn’t it about time that you began to get down to business. 5. The boss’ order is that the work be finished before 6 o’clock.
语法小测
1-5 BDACA 6-10 DBBCA
用括号内所给动词适当形式填空。
1. Jan e’s face suggested that she _____ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ (have) a medical examination.
2. The two strangers talked as if they _________ (be) friends for years.
3. The doctor recommended that I _______ (come) here for the sunshine before I started for home.
4. It’s strange that such a thing _________ (happen) in your school.
5. It is high time that our child _________ (learn) to do some housework.
6. I wish I _________ (attend) the meeting last week.
7. How I wish I __________ (not try) to repair the electronic watch! I only made it worse.
8. — Any information about your son?
— No. If only I __________ (say) those tough words to him.
9. What he suggested is that we ________ (listen) to the English broadcast in the morning.
10. It is required in some colleges that lights in students’ dorms _____ (switch) off by 11 o’clock.
11. It is necessary that we __________ (master) a foreign language.
12. The little hero’s pale face suggested he ___________ (be) dead.
13. It is natural that he ___________ (change) his mind.
14. If only I ___________ (listen) to my parents’ advice!
15. I wis h I _________ (meet) my uncle yesterday.
16. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _________ (finish) before 6.
17. I would have gone there with you but I ________ (be) too tired then.
18. It is necessary that our drinking water ________ (make) cleaner.
19. It was ordered that no smoking ____________ (allow) in the library.
20. Don’t come this afternoon. I’d rather you __________ (come) tomorrow.
Keys：(One possible version)
语法小测
1. was; have
2. had been
3. come
4. should happen
5. learned
6. had attended
7. hadn’t tried
8. hadn’t said
9. listen 10. be switched 11. should master 12. was 13. should change 14. had listened 15. had met 16. be finished 17. was 18. be made 19. be allowed 20. came
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
If引导非真实条件句（虚拟语气）语法教学设计 汉中市宁强县天津高级中学外语组：邱怡 一、?高中英语课程标准？分析： 虚拟语气这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一，在高考题型中都有可能会涉及到，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点和难点，也是高考英语常考的一个考点，掌握好虚拟语气对于语言理解和运用也具有重要的意义。 1.什么是虚拟语气即虚拟语气的概念； 2.掌握if引导虚拟语气的语法规则； 二、学情分析： 我所在的学校是一所山区高中，学生英语学习习惯差，语法知识混乱。很多学生学习英语困难，基础知识不扎实，在实际做题时常常无从下手，不能灵活运用。 三、教学目标： 1.知识与技能目标：掌握if引导虚拟语气语法的基本规则；能解决有关虚拟语气的习题。 2.过程与方法目标：教师讲解引导，举例并做练习 3.情感和价值目标：通过教师主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣，体验成就感。 四、教学重难点： 1.教学重点：了解和掌握if引导虚拟语气语法项目的基本规则 2.教学难点：能运用语法规则去完成各种练习，并在实际语言活动中去灵活应用，培养学生的语言运用能力和英语思维。 五、教学和学法方法： 教法讲授法：情景教学法，任务型教学法 六：教学手段： 多媒体辅助教学 七、教学过程： stepl Leadi ng in Show the following questions on the screen ，ask students to answer the questio ns will you do when you finish education you had 100 milli on yua n, what would you do Show a picture from a film which stude nts are familiar with, and list senten ces used subj un ctive mood in the film. （通过这几个问题的讨论，让学生了解虚拟语气的基本概念，引出if非真实条件句） step2 Prese nting Suppose three con diti ons of prese nt, past and future senten ces. First con diti on 1. If I were you, I would seize the cha nee to relax myself. am too busy now. If I had time, I would go shopping with you. Con cludi ng:
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。 假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形
①与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
语法讲解 ——虚拟语气 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard. 2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you. 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句： ①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在) If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去) （2）省略if的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。 If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do? If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气 英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indiative d）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。 2. 祈使语气（The Iperative d） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subuntive d） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如： If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) shuld+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如： If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气
If 引导的虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的并不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句，只有在非真实条件句中才能使用虚拟语气。通过句子的意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现的是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气。假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与那个事实相反，通常有三种情况1与过去事实相反2与现在事实相反3与将来事实相反 最基本的虚拟语气句型 1虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 例句:If I place were alike ,there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就读需要地理学家了。 If I were you,I should do that.如果我是你，我就那么做。 2虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 例句： If he had know your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you 如果昨天他知道你的地址，那他就打给你了。 If he had been there last night,it wouldn’thave happened. 如果他昨晚在那里，这事就不会发生。 If you had come a little earlier,you could have met him. 如果你早点来，你就能遇见他。 3虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/`should+动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 If anyone set me free,I would make him very rich. 如果有人把我放出来，我会使他富有。 If it should rain the crops would be saved. 如果有雨下，庄家就有可能救活。 If it were to snow tomorrow,they wouldn’t go for an outing. 如果明天下雪，他们就不外出游玩。
【The Subjunctive Mood】 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或及事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句及非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 及现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might, could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 及过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for