信息学院毕业设计科技文献翻译《https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Technique》《https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,技术》
姓名刘博文
专业计算机科学与技术
学号 201113410111 班级计算机科学与技术01班
指导教师刘乃丽
2015年 3月
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Technique
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,
And not only https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, being Active Server Page (ASP) next edition, be that a kind of builds the procedure truss on General Purpose Language , can be used to build Web application big and powerful coming one Web server. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, provides a lot of bigger and powerful than Web now exploitation pattern advantage.
Carry out wide efficiency rise
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is that General Purpose Language-based procedure is run on the server. Carry out compiling , carry out effect , certainly compete with each other in a bar like this when working first unlike that before ASP explaining procedure immediately, but being that procedure is held in the server make an explanation strong many.
The world-level implement holds out
The https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, truss is to be able to use up to the minute product of Microsoft (R) company Visual https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, exploitation environment to carry out exploitation , WYSIWYG (what What You See Is What You Get is gains) editor. These are https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, only strong-rization one fraction of software support.
Big and powerful and adaptability
Its big and powerful and adaptability compiling and translating working procedure , reason why because of https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is General Purpose Language-based, on being able to make it run 2000 Server applying the upper (author of nearly all platform of software developer to Web knowing it can only use in Windows up to now only). General Purpose Language fundamental warehouse , information mechanism, data interface treatment all can have no integrating sewing applying middle to the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Web. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is also that language-independent language melts on one's own at the same time, reason why, you can choose one kind of the procedure being fit to compile and compose you coming your language most , your procedure is written or coming using very various language, (the association having C # C + + and Java) , VB , Jscript already holding out now. Such various program
language associate ability protects your COM + exploitation-based procedure now in the future, the transplanting being able to entirely faces https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,.
Simplicity and easy to learn
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is that dignity verifies , the distribution system and website allocation become very simple run a few very common missions submit customer whole course of if the form is single. That the for example https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page of face truss allows you to found your own consumer interface, makes the person be unlike the common VB-Like interface. Besides, that General Purpose Language facilitates exploitation makes to become simple accommodating oneself to of software combining with a code like assembling a computer.
High-effect but administration
That https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, uses one kind of character basis's , classification's deploys system , makes your server environment and the application interposition especially simple. Because of allocation information all preserves in simple version , new interposition has an implement to may all do not need to start local administrative person can come true. That this is called "Zero Local Administration philosophy concept makes because of applicative https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, exploitation more concrete, and rapid. A https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, application requires that simple copy few must get a document , not requiring that systematic again starting , everything are that such is simple in systematic installation of one server.
Many processor environments reliability
The quilt already designs https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, painstakingly becoming one kind of the exploitation implement being able to be used for many processor , it uses peculiar seamless the speed linking a technology , very big rise being run to sew under many processor environments. Even if that your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, now applies a software is to be that one processor is development many processor do not require that any changes the efficacy being able to improve them when working, but ASP now cannot achieve indeed in the future this one point.
Certainly definition, and augmentability
When https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is designed have considered the module let website develop a personnel to be able to be hit by self definition plug-in in self code. This is different from original inclusion relation , https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, can add self definition's how module. Website procedure exploitation has been all along not so simple.
Security
Owing to that the Windows attestation technology and every application deploying , you can be true your plain procedure is now and then absolutely safe.
The https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, grammar to a great extent with ASP compatible, it provides one kind of new programming model and structure at the same time , may generate flexibility and much better application of stability , provide the much better safeguard and. Add the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, function gradually in being able to pass in now available ASP application, function strengthening ASP application at any time.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is that one already has compiled and translated, because of. The NET environment, runs General Purpose Language-based procedure on the server. Carry out compiling when procedure is held in the server working first, than ASP makes it snappy immediately on INTERP speed many. And be to be able to use any and. Compatible language of NET (includes Visual Basic. NET , C # and Jscript. NET.) Create application. Besides, any https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, application all can be put into use entire. NET Framework. The personnel who develops can gain these technology merit conveniently , include the trusteeship common language running warehouse environment , type safety , inheriting and so on among them.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, can edit an implement seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML and weave the Cheng implement other (including Microsoft Visual Studio. NET) works together. Page of GUI and completely integrated debugging this not only feasible Web is developed to go to the lavatory especially, and can provide all merit that these implements provide be obliged to , include Web developing a personnel to be able to be used server control drag and drop to be arrived at hold out.
While establishing https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, application, the personnel who develops can use the Web window body or XML Web services , carry out combination or with any way that they regard as rightly. That every function all can get the same architectural support, makes you be able to use dignity to verify a scheme , the data that slow exist often uses, carries out self definition on the application allocation or.
2. Building https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Pages
A https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, and the .NET Framework
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages.
The .NET Framework Class Library
Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.
Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.
Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.
Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?
The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.
The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.
Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages.
Understanding Namespaces
As you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.
ASP Classic Note
In previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,, in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!
A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.
The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.
You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:
System.IO.File
System.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class. NOTE
You can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework. Standard https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Namespaces
The classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These
default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, applications:
System—Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.
System.Collections—Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.
System.Collections.Specialized—Contains classes that represent specialized collections such as linked lists and string collections.
System.Configuration—Contains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files).
System.Text—Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.
System.Text.RegularExpressions—Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations.
System.Web—Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.
System.Web.Caching—Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.
System.Web.Security—Contains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.
System.Web.SessionState—Contains classes for implementing session state.
System.Web.UI—Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages.
System.Web.UI.HTMLControls—Contains the classes for the HTML controls.
System.Web.UI.WebControls—Contains the classes for the Web controls.
.NET Framework-Compatible Languages
For purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages by using any language that supports
the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,, and the Managed Extensions to C++.
NOTE
The CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.
Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages using COBOL.
Regardless of the language that you use to develop your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages, you need to understand that https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages can execute very quickly.
The first time you request an https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files. For each and every https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files directory. Whenever you request the same https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.
When an https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.
An https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.
The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.
ASP CLASSIC NOTE
What about VBScript? Before https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,, VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of
VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.
Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.
If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.
NOTE
Microsoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, classes in the Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.
This tool also works with all the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).
Introducing https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Controls
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls.
The best way to understand how https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.
Adding Application Logic to an https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Page
The second building block of an https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.
If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page
that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.
Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.
3. Building Forms with Web Server Controls
Building Smart Forms
You use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.
Controlling Page Navigation
In the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.
Applying Formatting to Controls
In the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.
4. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls Using Client-side Validation
Traditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.
The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value
in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.
People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.
For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.
Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.
You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.
Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator Control
You use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList.
Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator Control
You can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.
Comparing Values: The CompareValidator Control
The CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.
Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary Control
Imagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.
Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of
a page, or wherever else you want.
5. Advanced Control Programming
Working with View State
By default, almost all https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.
The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.
When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.
Displaying and Hiding Content
Imagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.
Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.
Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.
In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled
properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.
Using the Visible and Enabled Properties
Every control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for either pre-rendering or rendering.
Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.
Disabling View State
In certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.
Using Rich Controls
In the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads.
英文翻译
ASP,NET技术
英文作者：UNKNOWN 翻译：刘博文
2015年4月
摘要：这篇文章是关于https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,的介绍.。主要讲解了平台的搭建，技术改进，环境配置，操作使用，存在优势等内容。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 技术
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,简介
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,不仅仅是 Active Server Page (ASP) 的下一个版本,而且是一种建立在通用语言上的程序构架，能被用于一台Web服务器来建立强大的Web 应用序。https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,提供许多比现在的Web开发模式强大的的优势。
执行效率的大幅提高
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,是把基于通用语言的程序在服务器上运行。不像以前的ASP即时解释程序，而是将程序在服务器端首次运行时进行编译，这样的执行效果，当然比一条一条的解释强很多。
世界级的工具支持
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,构架是可以用Microsoft（R）公司最新的产品 Visual https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 开发环境进行开发，WYSIWYG（What You See Is What You Get所见即为所得）的编辑。这些仅是https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,强大化软件支持的一小部分。
强大性和适应性
因为https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,是基于通用语言的编译运行的程序，所以它的强大性和适应性，可以使它运行在Web应用软件开发者的几乎全部的平台上（笔者到现在为止只知道它只能用在Windows 2000 Server上）。通用语言的基本库，消息机制，数据接口的处理都能无缝的整合到https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,的Web应用中。https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,同时也是language-independent语言独立化的，所以，你可以选择一种最适合你的语言来编写你的程序，或者把你的程序用很多种语言来写，现在已经支持的有C#（C++和Java的结合体），VB，Jscript。将来，这样的多种程序语言协同工作的能力保护您现在的基于COM+开发的程序，能够完整的移植向https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,。
简单性和易学性
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,是运行一些很平常的任务如表单的提交客户端的身份验证、分布系统和网站配置变得非常简单。例如https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面构架允许你建立你自己的用户分界面，使其不同于常见的VB-Like界面。另外，通用语言简化开发使把代码结合成软件简单的就像装配电脑。
高效可管理性
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,使用一种字符基础的，分级的配置系统，使你服务器环境和应用程序的设置更加简单。因为配置信息都保存在简单文本中，新的设置有可能都不需要启动本地的管理员工具就可以实现。这种被称为"Zero Local Administration"
的哲学观念使https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,的基于应用的开发更加具体，和快捷。一个https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,的应用程序在一台服务器系统的安装只需要简单的拷贝一些必须得文件，不需要系统的重新启动，一切就是这么简单。
多处理器环境的可靠性
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,已经被刻意设计成为一种可以用于多处理器的开发工具，它在多处理器的环境下用特殊的无缝连接技术，将很大的提高运行速度。即使你现在的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,应用软件是为一个处理器开发的，将来多处理器运行时不需要任何改变都能提高他们的效能，但现在的ASP确做不到这一点。
自定义性，和可扩展性
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,设计时考虑了让网站开发人员可以在自己的代码中自己定义"plug-in"的模块。这与原来的包含关系不同，https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,可以加入自己定义的如何组件。网站程序的开发从来没有这么简单过。
安全性
基于Windows认证技术和每应用程序配置，你可以确性你的原程序是绝对安全的。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 的语法在很大程度上与 ASP 兼容，同时它还提供一种新的编程模型和结构，可生成伸缩性和稳定性更好的应用程序，并提供更好的安全保护。可以通过在现有 ASP 应用程序中逐渐添加 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 功能，随时增强 ASP 应用程序的功能。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 是一个已编译的、基于 .NET 的环境，把基于通用语言的程序在服务器上运行。将程序在服务器端首次运行时进行编译，比ASP即时解释程序速度上要快很多.而且是可以用任何与 .NET 兼容的语言（包括 Visual Basic .NET、C# 和 Jscript .NET.）创作应用程序。另外，任何 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 应用程序都可以使用整个 .NET Framework。开发人员可以方便地获得这些技术的优点，其中包括托管的公共语言运行库环境、类型安全、继承等等。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 可以无缝地与WYSIWYG HTML 编辑器和其他编程工具（包括Microsoft Visual Studio .NET）一起工作。这不仅使得 Web 开发更加方便，而且还能提供这些工具必须提供的所有优点，包括开发人员可以用来将服务器控件拖放到 Web 页的 GUI 和完全集成的调试支持。
当创建 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 应用程序时，开发人员可以使用 Web 窗体或 XML Web services，或以他们认为合适的任何方式进行组合。每个功能都能得到同一结构
的支持，使您能够使用身份验证方案，缓存经常使用的数据，或者对应用程序的
配置进行自定义.
2.构建 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 和https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,结构
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面中使用语言。
.NET类库
假想你是微软。假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如 Visual Basic 、JScript 和 C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。
此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。即使用 Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。
最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。举例来说，整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。
对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。
.NET类库不完全是那样。它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。举例来说，.NET 类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。除此之外，它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。
.NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。
最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面的类。然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。
理解命名空间
正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。它包含数以千计的类。 (超过3,400) 幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。
ASP Classic Note
在先前的ASP中，你仅仅能够访问五个标准类。相比之下 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 提供超过 3,400个类!一个命名空间包含一组逻辑的类。举例来说，涉及到与文件系统协同工作的类就集合在System.IO 命名空间中。
命名空间被组织成一个层次结构(一棵逻辑树) 。树根就是SYSTEM 命名空间。这个命名空间包含基本的数据类型的所有的类,例如：字符串、数组，还包含提供随机数字和日期的类。
你通过完整的类的命名空间能唯一识别任何的类在.NET framework中的位置。举例来说,指定找到一个the File class 类，按如下操:
System.IO.文件
System.IO指命名空间，而文件指定特定的类。
提示
你能够浏览.NET Framework所有的标准类的命名空间。通过.NET Framework 的参考文档可以浏览类库。
标准的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 命名空间
在默认情况下，在你的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面中，类被包含在一个选定的命名空间中这些默认的命名空间使你在https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,中最常用到的。
System 命名空间- 包含所有的基本数据类型和其他有用的类，例如：那些关于产生随机数字和日期的类。
System.Collections命名空间- 包含的类是标准的集合类，例如：哈希表，数组列表。
System.Collections.Specialized 命名空间- 包含特殊的集合类，例如：连接列表和字符串集合。
System.Configuration 命名空间- 包括Web.config files类。
System.Text命名空间-包含编码，解码和操作字符串内容的类。
System.Text.RegularExpressions命名空间- 包含的是匹配正则表达式和替代操作类。
System.Web 命名空间-工作在万维网方面包含的是浏览器请求和服务器响应的类。
System.Web.Caching 命名空间- 包含页面缓冲内容和自定义缓冲操作的类。
System.Web.Security命名空间- 包含执行验证和授权，例如：窗体和密码验证的类。
System.Web.SessionState命名空间- 包含执行保存状态的类。
System.Web.UI命名空间- 包含构建 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面的用户接口的类。
System.Web.UI.HTMLControls命名空间- 包含 HTML 控件的类。
System.Web.UI.WebControls命名空间- 包含Web控件的类。
.NET Framework -可用的语言
这一本书的目的, 你将会为以 Visual Basic 作为你的编程语言来完成你的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页写程序编写。它是 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面的默认语言。虽然你在这一本书中一直用 Visual Basic, 但是，你也需要了解用其它的支持公共语言库的语言创建https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面。除此之外，这包括 C#, https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,和C++ 。
提示
除微软之外的公司产生的几十个其他的语言已经能够和.NET framework兼容。这些其他的语言的一些例子包括 Python、 SmallTalk 、 Eiffel和 COBOL。这就意味着假如你真的想, 你可以使用 COBOL 写 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面。
不管你使用什么语言开发 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面，你需要明白https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,在执行前必须编译，这就意味着https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,执行速度非常快。
你第一次请求 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面, 页面被编译成一个.NET类, 这个类文件被保存在一个特殊的目录下这个目录的名字叫Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files。对于一个https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面一个通信类文件出现在Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files目录下。以后不管任何时候你请求那个同样的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面，那个通信类文件就会执行。
当 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面被编译的时候，它没被直接地被编译成机器码而是被编译成了一个中间语言，名字叫 (MSIL)所有.NET可用的语言都被编译成这种中间语言。
一个https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面不会被编译成本地机器码直到它被一个浏览器访问，在那个时间点包含在Temporary https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, Files目录下的类文件用JIT编译器编译并且执行。
这些迷惑的方面体现在整个过程都在后台运行，你必须要做的是用资源代码为你的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面创建一个文本文件。.NET framework 为你处理完转换它为编译码这一困难工作。
典型ASP提示
VBScript 怎么样呢? 在 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 之前， VBScript 是开发动态页面最流行的语言。https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 不支持VBScript ，而且这是好消息。 Visual Basic 是一个VBScript 的超集,意味着 Visual Basic 相对于 VBScript有更多的功能。因此, 你用 Visual Basic 有更丰富的函数和语句供你使用。
此外，不像 VBScript ， Visual Basic 是一种被编译的语言。这意味着如果你使用 Visual Basic 重写相同的 VBScript代码感觉会更容易一些。
假如你过去只用VBScript而不用 Visual Basic，也不用担心。因为VBScript 如此接近 Visual Basic, 你将会发现在这二种语言之间的转变是很容易的。
提示
在.NET framework中，微软包括一个名叫 IL Disassembler的有趣的工具。在临时的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,文件目录中你能使用这个工具查看没有装配的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 类的代码。它列出了类的所有方法和属性使你能够浏览中间代码。
正如在这章讨论的这个工具也可以用于操作https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,控件。举例来说，你能使用 IL Disassembler 浏览 TextBox 控件的中间代码。(位于在一个叫做System.Web.dll 的文件中)
介绍 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 控件
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 控件为你的Web应用程序提供动态和交互的用户接口。这些控件能够使你的网站的使用者看见和交互。举例来说，你能使用控件建立 HTML 窗体元素，交互式日历, 而且可以滚动标题广告。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 控件和 HTML 内容共存。典型地，你用通常的 HTML 创建你的网页的静态区域和用 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 控件创建网页的动态区域。
了解 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 控件是怎么工作的？最好的方法是看一个简单的Web应用窗体页面。
添加https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面的代码
第二个难点就是https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面的代码，他是确切的页面的程序代码,在你添加的程序用户处理控件也页面事件。
如果一个使用者单击 HTML窗体中的Button按钮，举例来说，那个按钮就会响应一个事件 (单击事件) 。典型地，你想添加代码响应这个事件到页面中。举例来说，当某人单击Button按钮控件的时候，你可以保存窗体数据到一个文件或者数据库。
控件不是唯一的能相应事件的事物。当它被请求的时候一个https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html, 页面每次都能够响应几个事件。举例来说，每当你请求一个页面，页面的初始化事件就会被触发。每当初始化事件发生的时候，你能够添加代码到页面中来执行。
3. 用Web服务器控件创建窗体
构建灵活窗体
你用几个基本Web控件来代替标准的 HTML 窗体元素，例如radio buttons、text boxes, and list boxes. 你能够用这些控件为你的Web应用程序在你的https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面中创建用户界面。下面的部分为这些Web控件提供了详细的提纲和程序源代码。
控制页面浏览
在下列的部分中，你学会如何控制一个用户从一个https://www.doczj.com/doc/2910846080.html,页面转到另一个页面。首先，你学会怎么把一个HTML窗体链接到另一个页面来获取信息。下一步，你学会用Redirect()方法自动让一个用户浏览一个新的页面。最后，你学会用超级链接控件怎么把页面连在一起。
对控件应用格式
在下列的部分中，你学会该如何创建更有吸引力的Web窗体。首先，你浏览一下针对所有Web控件格式属性他们是基本控件类的格式属性。然后，你学会在Web控件上应用样式表风格。
4. 用验证控件做页面验证
使用客户端验证
传统地，当增加验证到他们的页面中时，他们会面临一个严峻的选择。你可以添加窗体页面验证规则到你的服务器端代码，或者是添加验证规则到你的客户端代码。
写验证代码到客户端代码中的优势能够及时反馈到你的用户。举例来说，一个使用者忽略在一个要求检验的字段中输入一个值，你能够及时的显示一个错误信息而不需要返回到服务器端解决。
人们喜欢客户端的验证。它看起来很棒而且产生一种比较好的效果。然而，问题是它不与所有的浏览器兼容。不是所有的浏览器支持 JavaScript、不同版本的浏览器的不同版本支持 JavaScript，所以客户端验证没有保障。
由于这个原因，许多开发者在过去决定添加自定义验证到服务器端。因为服
流动的：一个快速的，多平台的开放源码的同步化多媒体整合语言唱机Dick C.A. Bulterman, Jack Jansen, Kleanthis Kleanthous, Kees Blom and Daniel Benden CWI: Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica Kruislaan 413 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands +31 20 592 43 00 Dick.Bulterman@cwi.nl 摘要： 本文概述了一个出现在早期的流动性的同步化多媒体唱机。不同于其它同步化的实现，早期的播放器是一个可重组的同步化引擎，可以定制作为一个实验媒体播放器的核心。同步化唱机是一个引用了同步化多媒体引擎并可以集成在一个广泛的媒体播放器的项目。本文是以我们要创造一个新的同步化引擎为动机的综述开始的。然后论述的是早期媒体播放器的核心架构（包括可扩展性，播放器自定义的集成装置）。我们以一个关于我们在windows，Mac，Linux版本应用于台式机以及PDA设备上实施流动性例子的体验的讨论结束。 类别和主题描述符： H.5.2 多媒体的信息系统。 H.5.4 超级文本/超级媒体。 一般词汇： 试验，性能，验证。 关键词： 同步化多媒体整合语言，唱机，公开源代码，演示。 1.动机： 早期公开的同步化媒体播放器是一个非常有特色的公开源代码的同步化 2.0播放器，它以研究团体的意图被使用（在我们的研究团体内外）目的是为了研究项目的团体在需要源代码的时候可以访问生产特性的同步化播放器的网站。它也被用作一个独立的不需要专有的媒体格式的同步化播放器使用，播放器支持一系列同步化2.0配置文件（包括台式机和移动的配置）可以被分配利用在Linux，Macintosh，windows系统的台式机，PDA设备和掌上电脑。 同时现存的几个同步化播放器，包括网络视频播放软件,IE浏览器,小型同步化播放器, GRiNS ,X- GRiNS ，以及各种各样专有移动设备，我们发展流动性唱机有三个原因： 准许制作数字以及个人或者课堂使用中的的全部硬拷贝即时没有提供拷贝权限或者商业性的利益分摊，而且在第一页有这种拷贝的注意事项。服务器上有关于复制以及翻版的分发列表的通知。需要事先明确具体的许可权以及费用。 'MM’04, October 10-16, 2004, New Y ork, New Y ork, USA. Copyright 2004 ACM 1-58113-893-8/04/0010...$5.00. 现有的同步化播放器没有提供一个完整同步化2.0播放器的正确实现。早期的播放器所有的同步化工具，是以同步化2.0语言的属性为基础加上扩展功能能够支持高级的动画以及规范可移动设备以3GPP/PSS-6同步化使用. 所有的同步化播放器都是针对商业SMIL表达专有媒介。早期的播发器使用开源的媒体解码器和开源的网络传输协议,以便播放器可以轻松定制广泛的使用范围的研究计划。 我们的目标是建立一个鼓励发展类似的多媒体研究输出的平台,，我们期望的是一个标准的基线播放器的供给,其他研究人员和开发机构可以集中精力到基线播放器的集成扩展(从新媒体的解码器或新的网络控制算法任何一个中)。这些扩展可以在其它的平台上被共享。 在2004年中期，与螺旋形客户机对照，同时移动到一个GPL核心，早期的播放器支持一个广阔的范围的同步化应用指标构架，它提供了一个准确实现的更完整的同步化语言，它在低资源配置下提供了更好的性能，提供了更多可扩展的媒体播放器架构。它也提供了一个包含所有媒体解码作为部分开放的客户基础。
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
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理工学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 专业：热能与动力工程 姓名：赵海潮 学号：09L0504133 外文出处：Applied Acoustics, 2010(71):701~707 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 基于一维CFD模型下汽车排气消声器的实验研究与预测Takeshi Yasuda, Chaoqun Wua, Noritoshi Nakagawa, Kazuteru Nagamura 摘要目前，利用实验和数值分析法对商用汽车消声器在宽开口喉部加速状态下的排气噪声进行了研究。在加热工况下发动机转速从1000转/分钟加速到6000转/分钟需要30秒。假定其排气消声器的瞬时声学特性符合一维计算流体力学模型。为了验证模拟仿真的结果，我们在符合日本工业标准（JIS D 1616）的消声室内测量了排气消声器的瞬态声学特性，结果发现在二阶发动机转速频率下仿真结果和实验结果非常吻合。但在发动机高阶转速下（从5000到6000转每分钟的四阶转速，从4200到6000转每分钟的六阶转速这样的高转速范围内），计算结果和实验结果出现了较大差异。根据结果分析，差异的产生是由于在模拟仿真中忽略了流动噪声的影响。为了满足市场需求，研究者在一维计算流体力学模型的基础上提出了一个具有可靠准确度的简化模型，相对标准化模型而言该模型能节省超过90％的执行时间。 关键字消声器排气噪声优化设计瞬态声学性能 1 引言 汽车排气消声器广泛用于减小汽车发动机及汽车其他主要部位产生的噪声。一般而言，消声器的设计应该满足以下两个条件：（1）能够衰减高频噪声，这是消声器的最基本要求。排气消声器应该有特定的消声频率范围，尤其是低频率范围，因为我们都知道大部分的噪声被限制在发动机的转动频率和它的前几阶范围内。（2）最小背压，背压代表施加在发动机排气消声器上额外的静压力。最小背压应该保持在最低限度内，因为大的背压会降低容积效率和提高耗油量。对消声器而言，这两个重要的设计要求往往是互相冲突的。对于给定的消声器，利用实验的方法，根据距离尾管500毫米且与尾管轴向成45°处声压等级相近的排气噪声来评估其噪声衰减性能，利用压力传感器可以很容易地检测背压。 近几十年来，在预测排气噪声方面广泛应用的方法有：传递矩阵法、有限元法、边界元法和计算流体力学法。其中最常用的方法是传递矩阵法（也叫四端网络法）。该方
开题报告、文献检索账号、文献综述、外文翻译、抄袭检测软件、论文目录，都在这了都在这了，有备无患，拿去吧！！ 开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、论文反抄袭软件、论文目录，就差论文正文了，其他都全了！！ 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面： （一）论文名称 论文名称就是课题的名字 第一，名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么，研究的对象是什么交待清楚，论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致，不能太大，也不能太小，要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。 第二，名称要简洁，不能太长。不管是论文或者课题，名称都不能太长，能不要的字就尽量不要，一般不要超过20个字。 （二）论文研究的目的、意义 研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述，指出现实当中存在这个问题，需要去研究，去解决，本论文的研究有什么实际作用，然后，再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点，有针对性一点，不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括：⑴研究的有关背景(课题的提出)：即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。⑵通过分析本地（校）的教育教学实际，指出为什么要研究该课题，研究的价值，要解决的问题。 （三）本论文国内外研究的历史和现状（文献综述）。 规范些应该有，如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括：掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的成果；寻找有待进一步研究的问题，从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点)、研究的特色或突破点。 （四）论文研究的指导思想 指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向，符合什么要求等，这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论，也可以是政府的教育发展规划，也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。 （五）论文写作的目标 论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的,要解决哪些具体问题，也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标：即本论文写作的目标定位，确定目标时要紧扣课题,用词要准确、精练、明了。
外文文献： Knowledge of the stepper motor What is a stepper motor： Stepper motor is a kind of electrical pulses into angular displacement of the implementing agency. Popular little lesson: When the driver receives a step pulse signal, it will drive a stepper motor to set the direction of rotation at a fixed angle (and the step angle). You can control the number of pulses to control the angular displacement, so as to achieve accurate positioning purposes; the same time you can control the pulse frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, to achieve speed control purposes. What kinds of stepper motor sub-： In three stepper motors: permanent magnet (PM), reactive (VR) and hybrid (HB) permanent magnet stepper usually two-phase, torque, and smaller, step angle of 7.5 degrees or the general 15 degrees; reaction step is generally three-phase, can achieve high torque output, step angle of 1.5 degrees is generally, but the noise and vibration are large. 80 countries in Europe and America have been eliminated; hybrid stepper is a mix of permanent magnet and reactive advantages. It consists of two phases and the five-phase: two-phase step angle of 1.8 degrees while the general five-phase step angle of 0.72 degrees generally. The most widely used Stepper Motor. What is to keep the torque (HOLDING TORQUE) How much precision stepper motor? Whether the cumulative： The general accuracy of the stepper motor step angle of 3-5%, and not cumulative.
农村社会养老保险的现状、问题与对策研究社会保障对国家安定和经济发展具有重要作用，“城乡二元经济”现象日益凸现，农村社会保障问题客观上成为社会保障体系中极为重要的部分。建立和完善农村社会保障制度关系到农村乃至整个社会的经济发展，并且对我国和谐社会的构建至关重要。我国农村社会保障制度尚不完善，因此有必要加强对农村独立社会保障制度的构建，尤其对农村养老制度的改革，建立健全我国社会保障体系。从户籍制度上看，我国居民养老问题可分为城市居民养老和农村居民养老两部分。对于城市居民我国政府已有比较充足的政策与资金投人，使他们在物质和精神方面都能得到较好地照顾，基本实现了社会化养老。而农村居民的养老问题却日益突出，成为摆在我国政府面前的一个紧迫而又棘手的问题。 一、我国农村社会养老保险的现状 关于农村养老，许多地区还没有建立农村社会养老体系，已建立的地区也存在很多缺陷，运行中出现了很多问题，所以完善农村社会养老保险体系的必要性与紧迫性日益体现出来。 （一）人口老龄化加快 随着城市化步伐的加快和农村劳动力的输出，越来越多的农村青壮年人口进入城市，年龄结构出现“两头大，中间小”的局面。中国农村进入老龄社会的步伐日渐加快。第五次人口普查显示：中国65岁以上的人中农村为5938万，占老龄总人口的67.4%.在这种严峻的现实面前，农村社会养老保险的徘徊显得极其不协调。 （二）农村社会养老保险覆盖面太小 中国拥有世界上数量最多的老年人口，且大多在农村。据统计，未纳入社会保障的农村人口还很多，截止2000年底，全国7400多万农村居民参加了保险，占全部农村居民的11.18%，占成年农村居民的11.59%.另外，据国家统计局统计，我国进城务工者已从改革开放之初的不到200万人增加到2003年的1.14亿人。而基本方案中没有体现出对留在农村的农民和进城务工的农民给予区别对待。进城务工的农民既没被纳入到农村养老保险体系中，也没被纳入到城市养老保险体系中，处于法律保护的空白地带。所以很有必要考虑这个特殊群体的养老保险问题。
本科生毕业设计（论文）外文科技文献译文 译文题目(外文题目)学院(系)Socket网络编程的设计与实现A Design and Implementation of Active Network Socket Programming 机械与能源工程学院 专学业 号 机械设计制造及其自动化 071895 学生姓名李杰林 日期2012年5月27日指导教师签名日期
摘要：编程节点和活跃网络的概念将可编程性引入到通信网络中，并且代码和数据可以在发送过程中进行修改。最近，多个研究小组已经设计和实现了自己的设计平台。每个设计都有其自己的优点和缺点，但是在不同平台之间都存在着互操作性问题。因此，我们引入一个类似网络socket编程的概念。我们建立一组针对应用程序进行编程的简单接口，这组被称为活跃网络Socket编程（ANSP）的接口，将在所有执行环境下工作。因此，ANSP 提供一个类似于“一次性编写，无限制运行”的开放编程模型，它可以工作在所有的可执行环境下。它解决了活跃网络中的异构性，当应用程序需要访问异构网络内的所有地区，在临界点部署特殊服务或监视整个网络的性能时显得相当重要。我们的方案是在现有的环境中，所有应用程序可以很容易地安装上一个薄薄的透明层而不是引入一个新的平台。 关键词：活跃网络；应用程序编程接口；活跃网络socket编程
1 导言 1990年，为了在互联网上引入新的网络协议，克拉克和藤农豪斯[1]提出了一种新的设 计框架。自公布这一标志性文件，活跃网络设计框架[2，3，10]已经慢慢在20世纪90 年代末成形。活跃网络允许程序代码和数据可以同时在互联网上提供积极的网络范式，此外，他们可以在传送到目的地的过程中得到执行和修改。ABone作为一个全球性的骨干网络，开 始进行活跃网络实验。除执行平台的不成熟，商业上活跃网络在互联网上的部署也成为主要障碍。例如，一个供应商可能不乐意让网络路由器运行一些可能影响其预期路由性能的未知程序，。因此，作为替代提出了允许活跃网络在互联网上运作的概念，如欧洲研究课题组提出的应用层活跃网络（ALAN）项目[4]。 在ALAN项目中，活跃服务器系统位于网络的不同地址，并且这些应用程序都可以运行在活跃系统的网络应用层上。另一个潜在的方法是网络服务提供商提供更优质的活跃网络服务类。这个服务类应该提供最优质的服务质量（QOS），并允许路由器对计算机的访问。通过这种方法，网络服务提供商可以创建一个新的收入来源。 对活跃网络的研究已取得稳步进展。由于活跃网络在互联网上推出了可编程性，相应 地应建立供应用程序工作的可执行平台。这些操作系统平台执行环境（EES），其中一些已 被创建，例如，活跃信号协议（ASP）[12]和活跃网络传输系统（ANTS）[11]。因此，不 同的应用程序可以实现对活跃网络概念的测试。 在这些EES 环境下，已经开展了一系列验证活跃网络概念的实验，例如，移动网络[5]，网页代理[6]，多播路由器[7]。活跃网络引进了很多在网络上兼有灵活性和可扩展性的方案。几个研究小组已经提出了各种可通过路由器进行网络计算的可执行环境。他们的成果和现有基础设施的潜在好处正在被评估[8，9]。不幸的是，他们很少关心互操作性问题，活跃网络由多个执行环境组成，例如，在ABone 中存在三个EES，专为一个EES编写的应用程序不能在其他平台上运行。这就出现了一种资源划分为不同运行环境的问题。此外，总是有一些关键的网络应用需要跨环境运行，如信息收集和关键点部署监测网络的服务。 在本文中，被称为活跃网络Socket编程（ANSP）的框架模型，可以在所有EES下运行。它提供了以下主要目标： ??通过单一编程接口编写应用程序。 由于ANSP提供的编程接口，使得EES的设计与ANSP 独立。这使得未来执行环境的发展和提高更加透明。
外文翻译 DC GENENRATORS 1. INTRODUCTION For all practical purposes, the direct-current generator is only used for special applications and local dc power generation. This limitation is due to the commutator required to rectify the internal generated ac voltage, thereby making largescale dc power generators not feasible. Consequently, all electrical energy produced commercially is generated and distributed in the form of three-phase ac power. The use of solid state converters nowadays makes conversion to dc economical. However, the operating characteristics of dc generators are still important, because most concepts can be applied to all other machines. 2. FIELD WINDING CONNECTIONS The general arrangement of brushes and field winding for a four-pole machine is as shown in Fig.1. The four brushes ride on the commutator. The positive brusher are connected to terminal A1 while the negative brushes are connected to terminal A2 of the machine. As indicated in the sketch, the brushes are positioned approximately midway under the poles. They make contact with coils that have little or no EMF induced in them, since their sides are situated between poles. Figure 1 Sketch of four-pole dc matchine The four excitation or field poles are usually joined in series and their ends brought out to terminals marked F1 and F2. They are connected such that they produce north and south poles alternately. The type of dc generator is characterized by the manner in which the field
编号： 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 （原文） 院（系）：应用科技学院 专业：机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名：邓瑜 学号：0501120501 指导教师单位：应用科技学院 姓名：黄小能 职称： 2009年 5 月20 日
The Injection Molding The Introduction of Molds The mold is at the core of a plastic manufacturing process because its cavity gives a part its shape. This makes the mold at least as critical-and many cases more so-for the quality of the end product as, for example, the plasticiting unit or other components of the processing equipment. Mold Material Depending on the processing parameters for the various processing methods as well as the length of the production run, the number of finished products to be produced, molds for plastics processing must satisfy a great variety of requirements. It is therefore not surprising that molds can be made from a very broad spectrum of materials, including-from a technical standpoint-such exotic materials as paper matched and plaster. However, because most processes require high pressures, often combined with high temperatures, metals still represent by far the most important material group, with steel being the predominant metal. It is interesting in this regard that, in many cases, the selection of the mold material is not only a question of material properties and an optimum price-to-performance ratio but also that the methods used to produce the mold, and thus the entire design, can be influenced. A typical example can be seen in the choice between cast metal molds, with their very different cooling systems, compared to machined molds. In addition, the production technique can also have an effect; for instance, it is often reported that, for the sake of simplicity, a prototype mold is frequently machined from solid stock with the aid of the latest technology such as computer-aided (CAD) and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). In contrast to the previously used methods based on the use of patterns, the use of CAD and CAM often represents the more economical solution today, not only because this production capability is available pin-house but also because with any other technique an order would have to be placed with an outside supplier. Overall, although high-grade materials are often used, as a rule standard materials are used in mold making. New, state-of-the art (high-performance) materials, such as ceramics, for instance, are almost completely absent. This may be related to the fact that their desirable characteristics, such as constant properties up to very high temperatures, are not required on molds, whereas their negative characteristics, e. g. low tensile strength and poor thermal conductivity, have a clearly related to ceramics, such as sintered material, is found in mild making only to a limited degree. This refers less to the modern materials and components
毕业设计外文资料翻译 题目POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILES 抛光瓷砖 学院材料科学与工程 专业复合材料与工程 班级 学生 学号 指导教师 二〇一二年三月二十八日
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, 17(3), 401–413 (2002) POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILES C. Y. Wang,* X. Wei, and H. Yuan Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University ofTechnology, Guangzhou 510090, P.R. China ABSTRACT Grinding and polishing are important steps in the production of decorative vitreous ceramic tiles. Different combinations of finishing wheels and polishing wheels are tested to optimize their selection. The results show that the surface glossiness depends not only on the surface quality before machining, but also on the characteristics of the ceramic tiles as well as the performance of grinding and polishing wheels. The performance of the polishing wheel is the key for a good final surface quality. The surface glossiness after finishing must be above 208 in order to get higher polishing quality because finishing will limit the maximum surface glossiness by polishing. The optimized combination of grinding and polishing wheels for all the steps will achieve shorter machining times and better surface quality. No obvious relationships are found between the hardness of ceramic tiles and surface quality or the wear of grinding wheels; therefore, the hardness of the ceramic tile cannot be used for evaluating its machinability. Key Words: Ceramic tiles; Grinding wheel; Polishing wheel
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科技文献翻译考试试题 1.大型飞机自动化装配技术 摘要：本文简述了大型飞机及其结构特点，通过比较人与机器两种装配系统的特性，分析装配自动化水平与装配成本等诸多因素的关系曲线，指出了自动化装配技术在保证大型飞机长寿命、高效率、低成本研制和生产等方面的意义；对外国大型飞机的装配自动化发展状况进行了综述，简要分析了国外发展的几种主要自动化装配系统，总结了国外大型飞机的自动化装配水平；对西方国家在大型飞机自动化装配中采用的先进的装配理念和方法，如决定性装配方法等进行了概述。最后针对国内自动化装配水平低的现状和大型飞机研制和生产的需求，提出了发展模块化结构的自动化装配系统、贯彻并行工程理念实现面向制造和面向装配的设计等发展建议。 关键词：自动化装配；大型飞机；长寿命；柔性装配；模块化；决定性装配 1. Automatic Assembly Technology for Large Aircraft Abstract: This paper aims at the large
assembly system, carrying out the means of concurrent engineering and realizing the designs for manufacturing and assembly. Key words: automatic assembly; large aircraft; long life; flexible assembly; modularization; determinant assembly 2.基于SAT的快速电路时延计算 摘要：针对现有的基于时间展开电路求解时延算法在电路规模较大或者时延模型精度较高时效率较低的问题，提出一种基于子电路抽取的电路时延计算方法。基于展开电路，通过分析输出端约束找到相关的输出端，利用回溯抽取与这些输出端相关的逻辑锥子电路，并在子电路而不是在展开电路上进行求解。由于抽取的子电路的规模远小于展开电路的规模，加速r求解过程；同时提出了抽象电路的概念，并分析了抽取子电路的同构特性。通过在抽象电路上进行预处理得到学习子句，从而可以利用学习子句加速每一次的SAT求解过程。在ISCA85和ISCA89电路上的实验结果表明，采用文中方法使得电路时延的求解效率平均提高了约8倍。
附件3： （本科毕业论文）文献、资料题目： 院（部） 专 班 姓名：张三 学号： 指导教师：张九光 翻译日期：2005.6.30
，the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working to develop a new encryption standard to keep government information secure ．The organization is in the final stages of an open process of selecting one or more algorithms ，or data-scrambling formulas ，for the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and plans to make adecision by late summer or early fall ．The standard is slated to go into effect next year ． AES is intended to be a stronger ，more efficient successor to Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES)，which replaced the aging DES ，which was cracked in less than three days in July 1998． “Until we have the AES ，3DES will still offer protection for years to come ．So there is no need to immediately switch over ，”says Edward Roback ， acting chief of the computer security division at NIST and chairman of the AES selection committee ．“What AES will offer is a more efficient algorithm ．It will be a federal standard ，but it will be widely implemented in the IT community ．” According to Roback ，efficiency of the proposed algorithms is measured by how fast they can encrypt and decrypt information ，how fast they can present an encryption key and how much information they can encrypt ． The AES review committee is also looking at how much space the algorithm takes up on a chip and how much memory it requires ．Roback says the selection of a more efficient AES will also result in cost savings and better use of resources ． “DES w as designed for hardware implementations ，and we are now living in a world of much more efficient software ，and we have learned an awful lot about the design of algorithms ，”says Roback ．“When you start multiplying this with the billions of implementations done daily ，the saving on overhead on the networks will be enormous ．” ……
（ 本科毕业设计外文文献翻译 学校代码： 10128 学 号： 题 目：Shear wall structural design of high-level framework 学生姓名： 学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：建筑工程系 专 业：土木工程专业（建筑工程方向） 班 级：土木08-（5）班 指导教师： (副教授)
Shear wall structural design of high-level framework Wu Jicheng Abstract: In this paper the basic concepts of manpower from the frame shear wall structure, analysis of the structural design of the content of the frame shear wall, including the seismic wall shear span ratio design, and a concrete structure in the most commonly used frame shear wall structure the design of points to note. Keywords: concrete; frame shear wall structure; high-rise buildings The wall is a modern high-rise buildings is an important building content, the size of the frame shear wall must comply with building regulations. The principle is that the larger size but the thickness must be smaller geometric features should be presented to the plate, the force is close to cylindrical. The wall shear wall structure is a flat component. Its exposure to the force along the plane level of the role of shear and moment, must also take into account the vertical pressure. Operate under the combined action of bending moments and axial force and shear force by the cantilever deep beam under the action of the force level to look into the bottom mounted on the basis of. Shear wall is divided into a whole wall and the associated shear wall in the actual project, a whole wall for example, such as general housing construction in the gable or fish bone structure film walls and small openings wall. Coupled Shear walls are connected by the coupling beam shear wall. But because the