从句语法知识及真题解析
●复合句——形容词性(定语)从句
1.尤其要注意whose的用法
whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。如：
2.介词+ which的用法
如果从句中主宾成分齐全，考生便可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据与名词的搭配作出正确选择。如：
We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
3.as 与which用作关系代词的区别
(1)as与the same, such, so, as等关联使用。如：As the forest goes, so goes its animal life.
(2)as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末，尤其是当先行词是整个句子时。如：
As is true in all institutions, juries are capable of making mistakes.
As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
常见的这类结构有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced, as can be seen from these figures, as might/could be expected, as is often the case, as has been pointed out, as often happens, as will be shown等。
4.关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句的区别
(1)如果关系代词在从句中做宾语，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略；
(2)先行词是不定代词anything, nothing, little, all, everything时，关系代词用that；
(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last, only, very修饰时，用that；
(4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导；
(5)关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。
5.but做关系代词，用于否定句，相当于who…not, that…n ot
这个结构的特点是主句中常有否定词或含有否定意义的词。如：
There are few teachers but know how to use a computer.
There is no complicated problem but can be solved by a computer.
●二、复合句——名词性从句
一个句子起名词的作用，在句中做主语、宾语／介词宾语、表语、同位语，那么这个句子就是名词性从句。
1.what/whatever的用法
考生应把握：what是关系代词，它起着引导从句并在从句中担当一个成分这两个作用。如：
They lost their way in the forest, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.
(what既引导主语从句又在从句中做主语) Water will continue to be what it is today—next in importance to oxygen.
(what既引导表语从句又在从句中做表语) 2.whoever和whomever的区别
whoever和whomever相当于anyone who，用主格与宾格取决于其在从句中做主语还是做宾语。如：
They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first. (whoever在从句中做主语)
3.有关同位语从句的问题
(1)引导词通常为that, 但有时因名词内容的需要，也可由whether及连接副词why, when, where, how引导。that不表示任何意义，其他词表示时间、地点、原因等。如：
The problem, where I will have my college education, at home or abroad, remains untouched.
(2)同位语从句有时与先行词隔开，注意识别。如：
Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
4.whether与if在引导名词性从句时的区别
(1)主语从句只能用whether引导；
(2)whether一般多用于宾语从句的肯定式，而if引导的从句可以有否定式；
(3)whether or not可以连在一起用，而if or not则不能，or not只能放在句末；
(4)whether可以引导介词宾语从句，if则不能；
(5)宾语从句提至谓语前面时，只能用whether引导；
(6)在question, ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位语从句也用whether引导；
(7)后接不定式时，只能用whether。
5.动词believe, expect, fancy, imagine, suppose, think后的宾语从句如为否定式，一般将否定词转移到主句谓语上。
三、复合句——副词性(状语)从句
副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。
状语从句的测试重点为：考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。
1.条件状语从句的常考知识点
(1)if与unless的用法。
if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unless的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于if not“如果不”、“除非”。如：
In debating, one must correct the opponent’s facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, if relevant, is sufficient.
(2)复合连词as long as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。如：
Y ou can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train.
Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test.
In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果……)
Y ou can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank. (如果……)
Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如……)
Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如……)
(3)祈使句表示条件。如：Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold.
Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
2.让步状语从句的常考知识点
(1)as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。如：
Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.
(2)while引导让步从句。如:
Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldn’t cheat under any circumstances.
(3)复合连接词for all that和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:
Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.
For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldn’t be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
3.时间状语从句的常考知识点
(1)before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。如:
New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.
(2)when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。如：
I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.
(3)when it comes to 是习惯用法，意为“当谈到……时”。如：
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.
(4)名词短语、介词短语each /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time起连词作用。如:
I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.
My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met as ked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.
(5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。如:
The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
4.原因状语从句的常考知识点
(1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:
Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
(2)now that表示“既然”; seeing that, considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:
Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.
He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.
Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don’t think you can stop her.
其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as等。
5.while, whereas 引导对比从句
如: While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade, violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.
A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.
6.so…that…, with the result that, so much so that 引导结果状语从句
如: Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.
He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.
7.in order that, in case, for fear that, lest (用虚拟语气) 引导目的状语从句
如: Give me your telephone number, in case I need your help.
Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.
8.where作为连接副词的一种用法, 翻译为“在……地方”
如: In Japan, a person’s capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. Where there is willingness and intelligence, there is a place within the company to try and to succeed.
真题及答案解析
1. Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. (2003)
A. where
B. of whose
C. whose
D. which
C，关系代词在从句中做定语。“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。”
2. Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they是多余的；A 的时态与主句不搭配。
3. ______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. (1994)
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. As
D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。”
4. This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work.
(1996)
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. what
B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。”
5. The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.
(1997)
A. I think which is
B. that I think is
C. which I think is
D. which I think it is
C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。
6. I have never been to London, but that is the city ______. (1997)
A. where I like to visit most
B. I’d most like to visit
C. which I like to visit mostly
D. where I’d like most to visit
B, 首先排除A，因为the city在从句中作宾语，不能用where引导；C中mostly表示“通常，大部分”，意思不通顺；表示“最想”，用most like,不是like most, most是much的最高级，much一般不修饰不定式，多用于修饰分词。He was much pleased.
7. She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98)
A. which
B. before
C. that
D. when
D，从句有自己的主语和宾语，因此不选AC，when引导定语从句在句中作时间状语。B项不合语法，因为主句的时态是一般过去时，从句却是过去完成时。
8. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______. (1999)
A. I’d most like to visit
B. which I like to visit mostly
C. where I like to visit
D. I’d like much to visit
A，同6.
9. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced. (2000)
A. whose
B. as
C. what
D. that
D，that在从句中作主语。使用电脑操作的工厂已经发现可以大大减少质检员工的数量。
10. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make great differences in our life next summer. (2002)
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
A，指代前面的整个句子。
11. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected. (2003)
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
A，同上。“他们克服一切困难，提前两个月完成了工程，这是我们没有料到的事。”
12. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ______ he was fifteen years ago. (2011) A。Which B. Whom C. Who D.that
D, 本题定语从句先行词为the man，且先行词在定语从句作表语，在这种情况下关系代词只能用that
13. We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)
A. whomever
B. who
C. whom
D. whoever
D，介词to后面是个宾语从句，从句缺主语；whom和whomever虽然可以接宾语从句，但它们不能在从句中作主语，AC不对；whoever语义比who强烈，更贴切。
14. The team can handle whatever _____. (1997)
A. that needs handling
B. which needs handling
C. it needs handling
D. needs to be handled
D，whatever引导的分句作handle的宾语，又在从句中作主语，因此不需要再加任何其他主语，ABC 都有多余的主语成分。
15. After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (99)
A. that
B. there
C. what
D. it
C，after在句中时介词还是连词？如果是连词，从句中的时态通常为完成体，所以排除连词的可能性。
既然after是介词，那么后面必定是宾语从句，后面的从句缺主语，只有what既引导宾语从句，又在宾语从句中作主语；BD都不能引导宾语从句。A虽然可以引导宾语从句，但不在从句中充当任何语法成分。
16. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?
(2002)
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. where
B，situation后的从句是对situation作出具体的解释，因此是同位语从句。
17. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.(2010)
A. That
B.it
C.what
D.there
C, 本题考查after 后面接名词性从句，选择C是因为从句中缺少主语，选项中只有what可以在宾语从句中充当主语
18. Fool ______ Jerry is, he would not have done such a thing.(2010)
A .who B. As C. Like D. That
B,本题考查as接让步状语从句，采用倒装结构。
19. ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.
A. Much though
B. Much as
C. As much
D. Though much
A, As 引导的让步状语从句需要倒装结构，though 一般用正常语序。此处much as相当于though。
20. I enjoyed myself so much ______ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008)
A. When
B. Which
C. That
D. where
A, 本题考查when 引导时间状语从句。
21. Quality is ______ counts most. (2008)
A. Which
B. That
C.what
D.where
C, 本题考查what 引导的表语从句。本句中表语从句缺主语，选择what来起相应的作用。特别注意：that在名词性从句中只起引导词的作用，不能在从句中起任何语法功能，所以不能选。
22. _______ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. (2006)
A. Although
B. Whatever
C. As
D.however
D,本题考查让步状语从句，因为后面接的是形容词dull，所以选用相当于no matter的however。23. The party, _______ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. (2006)
A.By which
B. For which
C. To which
D. At which
D, 本题考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”，选择什么介词取决于上下文，在聚会上一般说：at the party , 所以选择at which。
24. ________ , Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005)
A.Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Bing a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
A, 本题考查状语从句引导词，although 表示“虽然”符合题意。
25. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do,_______ that he paid me back the follow ing week.(2005)
A. On occasion
B. On purpose
C. On condition
D.only if
C, 本题考查条件状语从句引导词。On condition that 相当于only if, 所以选择C。没有选择only if 是因为它本身就可以引导从句，后面的that 就多余了。
26. The government has promised to do ______ lies in its powers to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.(2004)
A.however
B. Whichever
C. Whatever
D. Whenever
C, 本题考查宾语从句引导词，由于从句中缺主语，所以选择whatever,其他选项不能作主语。
27. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to the truck.(2004)
A.the greater stress is
B.greater is the stress
C.the stress is greater
D.the greater the stress
A,本题考查从句的构成规则和“the more...,the more...”结构。没有选择D,是因为缺少谓语动词。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
2019英语四级语法精讲：原因状语从句 原因状语从句 连接词：because，since，as，for，now that，in that，owing to，due to，thanks to，because of，as a result of; 比较：because，since，as和for 1)because语势，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则能够用for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能 用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. now that ：既然; in that ：因为，通常只能放在句中，强调重要的，的的原因; eg：Now that this semester is finished, I am going to rest a few days and take a trip. Human beings are different from animals in that human can speak and think. owing to, due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of等短 语后面只能接词或短语，不能接从句。
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
语法讲解时间状语从句的用法解析及练习 状语从句在复合句中作状语，其位置较灵活，可以在主句之前、之后或中间(放在句首时状语从句后面常用逗号，放在句末时状语从句前面往往不用逗号)。根据状语从句的含义，状语从句主要分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等八种。掌握以上各种状语从句的关键在于把握其相应的引导词。以下是对时间状语从句的基本用法进行小结，希望可以帮助到同学们有一更深的理解。 时间状语从句的引导词 when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since，whenever 时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同，要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系，以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。 1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析： (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 注意体会如下例句：I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹，这门就吱嘎作响。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了，其实他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时，妻子在做晚饭。 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如：When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。// When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候，我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。 (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词，例如：Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习，该玩的时候就玩。// I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。 (3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时，一边……一边……”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如：He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。
定语从句-知识点归纳与练习 一、定语从句 1．I will never forget the people and the things_______ I saw on the Great Wall. A．who B．which C．whom D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：我永远不会忘记我在长城看到的人和事。本句考察定语从句的关系词。A. who关系词，先行词为人；B. which关系词，先行词为物；C. whom关系词，先行词为人，在句中作宾语； D. that关系词，先行词为人或物。在定语从句中，当先行词既指人也指物时，如：the people and the things，关系词采用that。故选D。 2．﹣Look！This is the photo I took in Beijing World Gardening Expo（世界园艺博览会）in 2019． ﹣Wow，so great！ A．what B．who C．where D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：—看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。 考查定语从句的关系代词，what不用在定语从句中，who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语，where先行词为地点，在从句中作状语，that先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，the photo为先行词，从句中缺宾语，句意理解为﹣﹣看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会上拍的照片．﹣﹣哇，很不错．故选D。 3．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．whom B．whose C．who D．which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：真正的朋友是一个帮助你并且让你感动的人。考查定语从句的关系词。本句中先行词 person为定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who；结合句意和选项可知选C。 【点睛】 在定语从句中，当先行词是人时，引导词在定语从句中做主语时，引导定语从句的先行词用that或who，引导词在定语从句中做宾语时，引导定语从句的先行词用that或whom，引导词前面有介词时，必须用介词whom。例如，（1） The girl who is singing an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. （2）The person that/whom you talked to just now is Tom’s father.=The person to whom you talked just now is Tom’s father. 在定语从句中，当先行词是物时，引导词在定语从句中做主语时，引导定语从句的先行词
定语从句 一、that引导的定语从句 1. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。 I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress(that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 2.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, some, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？ That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这么多。 （2）当先行词被the very（恰恰,正好）the only, any, few, little, no, all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。 （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 （4）当先行词是first，last，next等序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时
定语从句 学习目标：掌握并熟练运用定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that/as 和关系副where/when/why/as。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担当句子成分。 关系代词：that：指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 which：指代物或句子，在从句中作主语或宾语 who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语 whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语 whose：指代人或物，在从句中只能作定语,后加名词。 as：指代句子，用于非限制性定语从句，偶尔指代人或物（主要与the same或such 连用），as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语； 关系副词：when 指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，它们只能在从句中作状语。 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1)This is the man___________________ helped me. 2)The doctor __________________________ you are looking for is in the next room. 3)Do you know the man ____________ name is Jack? 4) This is the scientist ______________ inventions are well-known. 5) The building ___________________stands near the garden is our school. 6) This is the dictionary ____________________I nee d.. 7) He still lives in the room _____________ window faces to the south. 8) Can you tell me the office ____________________ he works? 9) This is the house ____________________ we once lived. 定语从句使用要点： 1、关系代词和关系副词的选用：一是找准先行词，二是看关系词代表什么（人、物或句子等），三是看关系词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语或状语），或者说是用关系代词，还是用关系副词完全取决于从句的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 2.关系代词that 和which的选用： 通常只能用that的情况： 1)先行词是all, much, anything ,something ,nothing ,everything ,little ,none 等不定代词。 2)先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词，the last , any , the only ,few , much ,no ,some ,the very 等词修饰。
咼中英语状语从句 定义: 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句 尾时不用. 分类 根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④ 目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较 状语从句三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是—过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时忆：“主将 ，从句用一般过去时.记从现” (一)引导时间状语从句的连词有：As，whe n (whe never)，before，after，as soo n as，un til (till)，since，every time，once. | （二）、具体应用1）“while ”主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性 动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper， all the lights went out. Please kee p quiet while others are study in g」 While I was writing letters last night，he was watching TV. 2 ）When 表示“就在”的时候"， while 意为反而，可是，表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street，when he sudde niy stopped outside a little house. 3）When ever无论什么时候，随时 1.When ever some one throws in some rubbish，the truck p roduees a pi eee of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐 2.When ever we' re in trouble，they will help us. 3.I go to the theatre, whe never I am free. https://www.doczj.com/doc/288661808.html,e and see me whe never you want to.你随时来看我 4) till和until(表示"直到” ”)句首多用until | 1在肯定句中表示“直到”为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词 I was wait ing un til/till he arrived. 2、在否定句中表示“直到，，才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before 替换. I did n' t leave till/un til she came back. 5) si nee:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，si nee引导的从句间或可用现在完成时 It is two years since I have studied En glish. 1.We have known each other si nee we were childre n. 2.We have bee n friends （ever sin ce） since we met at school. 3.It is ”（一段时间）+since+—般过去时态句子 It is two years since my sister married. I
中学英语定语从句知 识点归纳
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 * 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 * 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1) 关系代词前有介词时； e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. * 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. * 3) 先行词本身是that时； e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限) There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性) * 4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。 He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. * 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面， That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. * 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
初中定语从句语法汇总 一、定语从句的基本概念： 定语从句即在句中有一个具有主谓结构的完整的句子来充当定语，修饰前面的名词短语或者代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party？ I still remember the night when I first came to the village. This is the place where Lily once lived. 二、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 三、关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可以做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。 1.关系代词：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等，它们在句子中可用作主语（如that, which, who等）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which, whose）。 例句：I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。（做宾语）S he is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。（做定语） She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我给她钱的那位妇女。（做宾语）Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是卖狗的人吗? （做主语） She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。（做主语） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 2.关系副词：主要有where, when, why等，它们在句子中主要用作状语。 （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。 This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 （3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作
从句 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条） ３、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法: (1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：Thaｔ is wｈｙ he did not ｃomｅto scｈooｌ yeｓtｅrday. / It is ｂｅcause y ｏu ａｒｅ so ｃleveｒ. (2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：(主句＋）连词＋从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择: 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用thaｔ，在口语中thａｔ可以省略； 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如whａt,who，wｈere,when等）例如：Theｙｂeｌieve that the comｐｕter wiｌl fｉnally ｔake the plaｃe of hｕ man beｉnｇs．(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) （从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder wh ｅther I shoulｄｓay sｏmｅthing ｆor hiｍｔo ｔhe ｈeａｄｍaster． (我不知道是 不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句ＳhalｌＩ say sｏmｅthｉng ｆor him to the headｍaster?)/ Ｈe askeｄ me wheｒe he cｏuｌｄｇeｔ such ｍedicin ｅ. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where caｎｈe get such me ｄｉｃｉne?) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时; 如主句是过去时，从句则相应地使用过去某一时态，遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:Ｉ t ｈink Ｉ will dｏ better ｉn Eｎglish this ｔerm．（我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / Thｅ tｅａcher askｅd the boｙ if ｔhe eａrth ｉｓroｕnd. (老师问那个男孩地球 是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： bｅｓoｒrｙ / afraid / sｕrｅ／ｇlａd +that从句,如:I’m sｏrｒy I’m late. (对 不起,我迟到了。)/ Ｉ’m afｒａiｄ hｅ iｓn’t iｎat the ｍｏｍent.(恐 怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句:在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原