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40天攻英语核心词汇分册

40天攻英语核心词汇分册
40天攻英语核心词汇分册

Unit 1 攻克堡垒(Day1-10)Day 1

1. alter [5C:ltE]

What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?(2002.6)

【全真测试】A. 违反 B. 改变 C. 偏离

【译文】人们是如何看待用核武器来改变行星轨道的建议的?

【四级词义】v. 改变,改动,变更

【名师导学】此词在近年四级考试中出现的频率很高,在词汇部分以原形和分词形式出现居多,题型以词义辨析为主,在阅读部分则以它加前缀和后缀而变化的扩展词出现(见猜一猜)。

【巧记】alt(n. 高音)+er(名词后缀)=要想将歌曲唱好,就要经常在高音处做改变。

【猜一猜】① alterable ② alternate ③ alteration ④ alternative 【Key】① adj. 可改变的,可改动的(-able可……,能……)

② v. 使交替,使轮流 adj. 交替的,轮流的(-ate动词后缀)

③ n. 改变,变动(-ation名词后缀)

④ adj. 两者挑一的(-ative形容词后缀)

2. burst [bE:st]

We all burst into laughter and decided to forget it!(2002.1)【全真测试】A. 爆炸 B. 突然……(突然地发声或表达) C. 爆发

【译文】我们都突然大笑起来,并打算忘记它。

【四级词义】vi. & n. ①爆裂②突然发生(突然地发声或表达)

【常用词组】burst into tears 突然大哭

【词性变化】n. 突然破裂,爆发 a burst of laughter 突发的笑声

【猜一猜】词组:迸发;突然发作,应是burst和哪个介词构成?

A. in

B. at

C. out

【Key】C 因为out是“外”的意思,所以向外burst一定是迸发;突然发作。

【例句】They burst out laughing. 他们突然大笑起来。

3. blast [blB:st blAst]

To make the tunnel, engineers will have to blast through solid rock.

【全真测试】A. 消灭 B. 一阵(风) C. 爆炸

【译文】为了开通隧道,工程师们将炸通硬岩石层。

【四级词义】vi. 炸,炸掉,毁灭

【巧记】b+last(最后的)=b是最后被炸掉的一股气流。

【词性变化】n. 爆炸;气流

4. dispose [di5spEuz]

He disposed of the problem quickly.

【全真测试】A. 排除 B. 放弃 C. 解决

【译文】他很快地解决了这个问题

【四级词义】vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理

【巧记】dis-(不)+ pose(姿势)=照相当然要摆个好(pose)姿势,不好的(dis)姿势(pose)就要解决,处理掉。

【例句】Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。

【常用词组】dispose of 处理安排;排列;安放 I have disposed of my old books. 我已处理了我的旧书。

【猜一猜】① expose ② impose

【Key】① vt.(ex-)出,外面,把你的姿势(pose)放在外面就是“使暴露,使曝光”v. 揭露

② v.(im-)使,强迫使你摆出各种姿势(pose),强加,强迫,施影响。

5. consume [kEn5sju:m]

They consume around 40 terawatt hours of electricity in the US every year.

【全真测试】A. 处理 B. 消耗 C. 破坏

【译文】在美国,他们每年大约消耗40太瓦的电。

【四级词义】v. 消耗,耗尽

【巧记】con-(共同的)+sum(一笔钱)+e(一下子)=共同的一笔钱(e)一下子

消耗,耗尽。

【词义扩展】v. 吃完,喝光。 She consumed all the fruit on the table. 她吃完

了桌上所有的水果。

【猜一猜】consumer

【Key】-er后缀表示从事动词的人或工具,因此consumer是“消费者”。

6. split [split]

My trousers split when I sat down.

【全真测试】A. 破坏 B. 卷起 C. (使)裂开

【译文】当我坐下时,裤子被撕开了。

【四级词义】v. (splitting; split) 劈开;割裂;分裂

【词性变化】n. 裂口,裂缝 a split in my trousers 我裤子上的一个口子

7. spit [spit]

If I were a cloud, I would spit out the thinnest thread to weave a web in the field.

【全真测试】A. 吐出 B. 扔 C. 洒

【译文】假如我是一朵云,我就要吐出最细的雨丝,让它在田野上织一张网。

【四级词义】v. (spitting, spat或spit)吐,吐出

【巧记】s+pit(坑)= 我使劲(s)地把口水吐到坑(pit)里。

【词性变化】n. 口水

【词义扩展】(如果吐出来的是语言)即突然说出 He spat out an insult and hurt her feelings. 他突然口出恶语,让她十分伤心。

8. spill [spil]

One is not supposed to cry over spilled milk.

【全真测试】A. 保存 B. 分开 C. 洒

【译文】对着已经洒了的牛奶哭是无济于事的。

【四级词义】v. (spilling, spilt或spilled)洒,使溢出,溅出,倒出

【巧记】sp+ill=只有撕破(sp)了的(ill)坏的东西才被倒出来。

9. slip [slip]

Along the long way of changing, you may occasionally slip and fall. You have to learn to face failures, for the road to success is full of ups and downs.

【全真测试】A. 闪开 B. 滑倒 C. 忽略

【译文】在不断变化的路途中,你偶尔可能会滑倒,会跌倒,你必须学会面对失败,因为成功的路上充满了起起落落。

【四级词义】v. (slipping, slipped) ①滑动,滑倒②滑落;跌跤

【巧记】s+lip(嘴唇)=有S型嘴唇的鱼是海洋中滑动最快的鱼。

【词义扩展】(在你不经意时说出的或有错误的东西)即“口误,笔误”;(谈话或写作中的)小错误或疏忽 a slip of the tongue 口误

【猜一猜】① slipper ② slippery

【Key】① n. 拖鞋② adj. 滑的

10. slide[slaid]

The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, remounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.

【全真测试】A. 走动 B. (使)滑动 C. 飞奔

【译文】鞍座可以是固定的,这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动,也可以安装在滚柱上,这样鞍座就会随钢缆的移动而移动。

【四级词义】v. (sliding, slid)(使)滑动,(使)滑行

【词性变化】n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片(幻灯片是一张一张的在你面前滑动)

【猜一猜】① slide over ② slide into

【Key】①略过,回避 over在……之上,因此,在……之上滑过去是略过,回避。

②不知不觉地陷入,逐渐陷入 into到……里,进入。滑进去,是不知不觉地陷入,逐渐陷入。

11. bacteria [bAk5tiEriE]

The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. (2000.1)

【全真测试】A. 细菌 B. 害虫 C. 唾液

【译文】能使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢在有水的混合物区域生存。

【四级词义】n. 细菌

【名师导学】bacteria是bacterium的复数,但此词往往以复数的形式在文章中出现。

12. breed [bri:d]

Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.(2002.12)【全真测试】A. 品种 B. 种类,类型 C. 抚养

【译文】深深迷恋这种新技术的是一种现代商人,而这些人越来越看重在国外经商的价值。

【四级词义】① n. 种类,类型(多指人)

② n. 种,品种(多指动物)a breed of dog 某一品种的狗

【词性变化】v. (breeding, bred)(要想出现不同的品种即要进行)繁殖,抚养,产仔【例句】Many animals do not breed when in captivity. 许多动物一被关入笼中就不生育了。

13. budget [5bQdVit]

Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence.(1999.6)【全真测试】A. 存储 B. 挥霍 C. 预算

【译文】在孩子很小的时候让他们每周得到一次零用钱,能教会孩子安排预算自己的开支,为将来的经济独立做好准备。

【四级词义】v. 预算,做安排

【巧记】bud(蓓蕾)+ get(拿)=看我们有拿多少蓓蕾(bud)的预算。

14. candidate [5kAndideit]

A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.(2002.12)

【全真测试】A. 应聘者 B. 参赛者 C. 游戏者

【译文】掌握第二门语言不仅是在贸易方面找到一份工作的条件,有语言方面的技能还能使候选人在其他条件同等的情况下比其他人具有更大的优势。

【四级词义】n. 候选人,应聘者

【巧记】can(能够)+did(做)+ate(成为)=能够为人民做事的人成为候选人。

【猜一猜】candidateship

【Key】候选(人)资格(身份)(ship为抽象名词的后缀)

15. campus [5kAmpEs]

I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.(1998.6)

【全真测试】A. 校园 B. 露营地 C. 村庄

【译文】我最近访问了纽约一个很好的小型学院,这个大学在过去六年里,少数民族的人数增加了两倍。

【四级词义】n. 校园,大学

【巧记】camp(露营地)+us(我们)= 露营地在我们的校园。

16. liberal [5libErEl]

Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two.(2003.9)

【全真测试】A. 文科教育的 B. 自由的 C. 慷慨的

【译文】文科是全面而严格的学术,它包含文学,历史,数学,经济学,自然科学,人类行为学和一两门计算机课程。

【四级词义】adj. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的,文科教育的(属于、关于或基于大学或学院课程中的传统艺术和科学的,而西方的这种教育又是相对丰富和自由的)【巧记】liber -(free自由) + al.(形容词后缀)= adj. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的

【词性变化】n. 自由主义者(尤指英国、加拿大等国的)

【猜一猜】① liberate ② liberty ③ liberalism

【Key】① v. 解放,释放(-ate动词后缀)② n. 自由,特权(-ty名词后缀)③n.自由主义(-ism主义名词后缀)

17. transform [trAns5fC:m]

After ten year’s hard work, they transformed a backward agriculture country into an advanced industrial country.

【全真测试】A. 探索 B. 研究 C. 转变

【译文】经过十年的努力,他们将落后的农业国转变为先进的工业国。

【四级词义】v. 转变,变革;变换

【巧记】trans(转变)+form(形式)=转变,变革;变换

【名师导学】在词汇题中以词义辨析为主,而只要能辨认前缀trans-后的词义,就不难

辨析四级词义,而阅读中则以变化的形式出现。

【猜一猜】① transformer ② transformation

【Key】① n. 变压器【真题例句】High-voltage transformer.(2002.12)高压变

压器。

② n. 转变,变革;变换(tion为名词后缀)

18. transport [trAns5pC:t]

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion

or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

【全真测试】A. 运输 B. 改变 C. 制造

【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现在交通运输工具使大量人口流动得相对

容易)所引起的各种社会问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

【四级词义】vt. 运输,运送

【巧记】trans-(横过,贯穿)+port(港口)=在港口之间横穿,是在用运输工具

运输,运送货物。

【词性变化】n. 运输,运输工具

【猜一猜】① transaction ② transplant

【Key】① trans-+(action行动)= n. 业务,交易② trans-+(plant)= v. 移植

19. shift [Fift]

The layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.(2003.12)【全真测试】A. 转变 B. 运输 C. 交易

【译文】Stoke公司的裁员根源于深刻的社会变革。

【四级词义】v. 转移;转动;转变

【词义扩展】变换位置;改变方向 The wind shifted to the east. 风转向东吹。

20. vary [5vZEri]

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children.(1998.1)

【全真测试】A. 违反 B. 转移 C. 使多样化

【译文】家长在对待孩子的严格程度上是截然不同的。

【四级词义】v. (varying, varied) 变化,改变;使多样化

【名师精讲】在词汇和阅读题中多是以vary的词形变化形式出现,见猜一猜。

【猜一猜】① various ② variable ③ variance ④ variant ⑤ variation 【Key】① adj. 不同的,各种各样的(-ous形容词后缀)

② adj. 可变化的,易变的[-able(可……的,表示能够)形容词后缀]

③ n. 不同,变动(-ance名词后缀)

④ adj. 差异的,变化的(-ant形容词后缀)

⑤ n. 变化,变动(ation名词后缀)

21. vanish [5vAniF]

I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it’s a fine day.

【全真测试】A. 消失 B. 加重 C. 变化

【译文】我原以为天要下雨的,可是云消失了,是个好天。

【四级词义】vi. 消失,不见

【巧记】vanish =van(大蓬车)i(一下子)sh(消失了)

【常用词组】vanish away消失(away,表示向相反的方向离开)

【猜一猜】① vanish from sight ② vanish into the void

【Key】①消失不见(from表示“从……”)②化为乌有(into表示“到……,进入……”) 22. swallow [5swClEu]

Their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.(2001.6)【全真测试】A. 淹没 B. 燕子 C. 消化

【译文】他们的房屋将被汹涌的大海淹没。

【四级词义】vt. 咽,淹没,吞没,耗尽 vi. 吞下,咽下

【巧记】记下swallow的两种含义:我的喉咙可吞咽下一只燕子。

【词性变化】n. 燕子;喉咙

23. suspicion [sEs5piFEn]

There are suspicions that he may not be able to play at all.

【全真测试】A. 怀疑 B. 检查 C. 担心

【译文】他是否参与演出还是值得怀疑的。

【四级词义】n. 怀疑,疑心

【猜一猜】① above suspicion ② under suspicion ③ suspicious

【Key】①(above在怀疑之上)无可置疑②(under在怀疑之下)受到怀疑③ adj. 怀疑的,可疑的

【例句】I am suspicious of that woman. 我很怀疑那位妇女。

24. mild [maild]

The weather is mild today, it is neither hot nor cold.

【全真测试】A. 温暖的 B. 野生的 C. 有雾的

【译文】今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热。

【四级词义】adj. 温暖的,暖和的

【巧记】联系mild和wild(野生的)一起记:温暖的m,野生的w尖尖的角长在前面。

【词义扩展】adj. 温柔的,味淡的 He has a mild nature. 他的性情温和。

25. tender [5tendE]

My leg was very tender after the injection.

【全真测试】A. 坚硬的 B. 强壮的 C. 脆弱。

【译文】输完液后我的腿很脆弱。

【四级词义】adj. 温柔的;脆弱的

【巧记】tend(v. 护理 n. 关怀)+er=能够做各种护理的人必须要温柔的且不脆弱的

【例句】a tender mother 慈母

26. insignificant [7insig5nifIkEnt]

The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, but its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.

【全真测试】A. 无意义的 B. 重大的 C. 全面的

【译文】冰箱对人类幸福的贡献没什么意义,但它对环境的影响意义倒很大。

【四级词义】adj. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的

【巧记】sign n. 记号,标记

signify v. 表示,意味着(-ify动词后缀)

significant(ant形容词后缀)重大的;具有特殊意义的

insignificant(in-否定前缀)=无意义的;无足轻重的;无价值的

【猜一猜】① significance ② insignificance

【Key】① n. 意义,重要性(ance名词后缀)

② n.(in-否定前缀)无意义,无关紧要,低微的;不重要的(ance名词后缀)

27. accelerate [Ak5selEreit]

He decided to accelerate his advertising.

【全真测试】A. 减少 B. 加速 C. 阻止

【译文】他决定增加广告。

【四级词义】vt. 加速,促进

【猜一猜】① acceleration ② decelerate ③ deceleration

【Key】① n.(ac- =to到达)加速,加速度② v.(de-向相反的方向减弱)减弱,

减速③ n. 减弱,减速

28. absolute [5AbsElu:t]

At absolute zero, a pure semiconductor has all of its electrons tightly bound

and acts as an insulator.

【全真测试】A. 绝对的 B. 有限的 C. 相对的

【译文】在绝对零度时,绝对半导体所有的电子都紧紧结合在一起,因而显示出绝

缘体的性质。

【四级词义】adj. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的

【词性变化】 absolutely adv. 完全地,绝对地

【例句】“Absolutely brilliant!” the other parents gushed. “绝对精彩!”

其他的家长大喊。

29. boundary [5baundEri]

The boundaries of the country

【全真测试】A. 分界线 B. 约束 C. 原则

【译文】国界

【四级词义】n. ①分界线,边界②界限;范围

【巧记】bound vi.(以……为界)+ary(名词后缀)= n. ①分界线,边界②

界限;范围

【例句】the boundaries of knowledge 知识范围

Unit 1 攻克堡垒(Day1-10)Day 2

1. brake [breik]

Amy was too nervous to brake in time when she saw a truck running towards them.

【全真测试】A. 刹车 B. 修理 C. 打碎

【翻译】艾米太紧张了,以致于看见卡车向她开过来,就不能及时刹车了。

【四级词义】vi. (braking, braked)刹车

【名师导学】在构词法中,其中之一就是转化,本词是动词和名词之间的转化。而在英

文中,很多单词就含有动词和其意思相同或相近的名词,大家在学习中有所注意,就会在不

知不觉中增加词汇量。

【巧记】同音异形异义brake(刹车)和break(v. 打破 n. 休息,破裂)。brake

以不发音的e结尾,是不发音的静悄悄的刹车,而以k结尾的是像卡擦的音——打破,爆裂。

【词性变化】n.(常用pl.)制动装置;刹车

【例句】① The town government put the brakes on all these projects by giving them less money.镇政府削减对所有这些工程的拨款,使它们都停顿下来了。

② The car, whose brake wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backward. 因为刹车失灵,车开始往后滑。

2. catalog [5kAtElCg]

A catalog of all the books in the library.

【全真测试】A. 目录 B. 数目 C. 统计

【译文】图书馆里所有书籍的目录

【四级词义】n. 目录(册)

【巧记】cat(猫)+a(一个)+log(木头)=猫在一个木头上编目录。

【词性变化】v. 编目录 Can you catalog the VCD sets you sell and send me a copy? 你能不能把你们出售的VCD机编成目录,送我一份?

3. vague [veig]

He had a vague feeling that something had gone wrong.

【全真测试】A. 模糊的 B. 一相情愿的 C. 大众的

【译文】他有一种模糊的感觉,那就是有什么事情不对头。

【四级词义】 adj. 模糊的,不明确的,不确定的 He was a little vague when I asked what had happened.我问他出了什么事时,他一无所知。

4. vain [vein]

We tried in vain to persude him to give up his wrong belief.

【全真测试】A. 繁忙 B. 徒劳 C. 紧张

【译文】我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念,但没有成功。

【四级词义】n. 徒劳,白费

【常用词组】in vain徒然,枉然 All our work was in vain. 我们所有的工作都白费了。

【猜一猜】① vainness ② vainly

【Key】① n. 无益

② adv. 徒劳地

5. extinct [iks5tiNkt]

The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once thrived.

【全真测试】A. 绝灭的 B. 不再活跃的 C. 再生的

【译文】蒂姆博尔响尾蛇现在已被列入濒临灭绝物种名单,并已在东部两个州灭绝,这种响尾蛇在这两个州曾一度繁盛。

【四级词义】adj. 灭绝的,耗尽的

【巧记】ex-(出,外,离)+tinct(颜色,色彩)=没有了颜色®灭绝了,熄灭了。

【词义扩展】熄灭的;不再燃烧的,不再活跃的 An extinct volcano. 一座死火山。

【猜一猜】① exinction ② extinctive

【Key】① n. 消失,消灭,废止,[物]消光

② adj. 使消灭的

6. extraordinary [iks5trC:dinEri]

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading.(1998.1)

【全真测试】A. 特别的 B. 例外的 C. 极其的

【译文】一份好的报纸是一份很特别的阅读资料。

【四级词义】adj. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的

【巧记】extra-(出,外)+ordinary(平常)=不平常的,特别的,非凡的

7. extreme [ik5strim]

It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群)by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate(从属的)role by teaching it to show submission to you.(2000.12)

【全真测试】A. 极端的 B. 特殊的 C. 明智的

【译文】没有必要用极端的的方法将你自己塑造成狗群的领导,你可以教你的狗表现出依附于你,从而来确定它的从属地位。

【四级词义】adj. 极度的,极端的

【词性变化】n. 极端,过分

【常用词组】in the extreme 极,非常

8. agent [5eidVEnt]

We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Pairs.

【全真测试】A. 代理人 B. 律师 C. 客户

【译文】我们将委托贵公司作为巴黎的业务代理。

【四级词义】n. 代理人,代理商

【猜一猜】① a travel agent ② a secret agent ③ a house agent

【Key】①旅行代理商②密探经纪人③房产经纪人

9. agency [5eidVEnsi]

The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom,escape,relaxation and enjoyment of the great western outdoors.(2000.1)【全真测试】A. 代理商 B. 公司 C. 办公室

【译文】这个代理商开展了一个活动,这个活动主要是关于旅行经验的,如在广阔的西部户外旅行的自由,逃离现实的生活,放松和乐趣。

【四级词义】n. 代理商,经销商

10. alcohol [5AlkEhR:l]

Alcohol in excess is still bad for you, but a glass of wine with dinner is probably fine for nonalcoholics.

【全真测试】A. 酒精 B. 汽油 C. 天然气

【译文】过量饮酒仍然有害,可是一杯酒佐餐对非嗜酒者恐怕无害。

【四级词义】n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精

【猜一猜】① brandy ② whisky ③ liquor

【Key】①白兰地酒②威士忌酒③烈性酒

11. appeal [E5pi:l]

On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns.(1999.1)

【全真测试】A. 呼吁 B. 倡导 C. 打击

【译文】在积极的一面,广告的情感的鼓动也能反映消费者真正的需求。

【四级词义】① n. 呼吁,恳求② vi. 呼吁,恳求

【巧记】ap-(朝,向)+peal(钟声;铃声)=新年的时候,人们朝着钟声恳求好运

且呼吁和平。

【猜一猜】① an appeal for forgiveness ② to appeal for aid

【Key】①恳求原谅②求助

12. appreciate [E5pri:Fieit]

I appreciate President Castro’s invitation for us to visit Cuba, and have been delighted with the hospitality we have received since arriving here.

【全真测试】A. 感激 B. 欣赏 C. 重视

【译文】我们一行承卡斯特罗主席邀请访问古巴,我不胜感激。我们来到这里后受到热情接待,使我一直沉浸在喜悦之中。

【四级词义】vt. 感激,感谢

【词义扩展】vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏 Do you appreciate good pictures?你会鉴赏图画吗?

【猜一猜】① appreciation ② appreciative ③ appreciator

【Key】① n. 感谢,感激,正确评价,欣赏,增值

② adj. 欣赏的,有欣赏力的,表示感激的,承认有价值的

③ n. 了解真价者,鉴赏者

13. approve [E5pru:v]

Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law.(2002.1)【全真测试】A. 修改 B. 批准 C. 禁止

【译文】迈克·佛斯特正努力使国会通过一项新的法律。

【四级词义】v. 赞成,同意,批准

【名师导学】前缀ap-(ab-的变体)表示运动的,方向,朝,向,变化

【巧记】ap + prove(证明,证实)=赞成,同意,批准

【真题例句】This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate.(2003.9)你证明你是个文科学生,这听起来像是一个很令人怀疑的正式声明。

14. stimulate [5stimjuleit]

Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.(2000.12)

【全真测试】A. 打击 B. 刺激 C. 改变

【译文】再回收能够通过提供新的工作岗位,控制工业污染和节能——通过生产再循环的产品得到精炼的原材料而刺激当地经济的发展。

【四级词义】vt. 刺激,激励

【猜一猜】① stimulating ② stimulation ③stimulative

【Key】① adj. 刺激的,有刺激性的

② n. 激励,鼓舞,刺激

③ adj. 刺激的,激励的,促进的

15. acquire [E5kwaiE]

Most adult find it extremely difficult to acquire even a basic knowledge, particularly in a short time.

【全真测试】A. 获得 B. 获准 C. 抛弃

【译文】多数成人发现,即使学会一种基础知识也是非常困难的,尤其是在很短的时间内。

【四级词义】vt. 取得,获得;学到

【巧记】ac(to)+quire(一叠纸)=你去(ac)拿一叠纸(quire)去学习,就会获得知识。

【猜一猜】① require ② acquirement

【Key】① vt. 需要;要求,命令

② n. 成绩;造诣;学到的东西

16. accomplish [E5kCmpliF]

I accomplished two hours' work before dinner.

【全真测试】A. 完成 B. 放弃 C. 得到

【译文】我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。

【四级词义】vt. 完成,到达;实行,要求,命令

【猜一猜】① accomplishment ② accomplishable

【Key】①(-ment名词后缀) n. 完成,到达② adj. 可达成的,可完成的

17. network [5netwE:k]

The anchorman of the VOA network’s morning news got fired.

【全真测试】A. 网状物 B. 线路 C. 轨道

【译文】VOA新闻网的早间主播被炒鱿鱼了。

【四级词义】n. 网状物;电视网;网络

【巧记】合成词net(网络)+ work

18. tide [taid]

Every time the tide came in, this place is under two feet of water.

【全真测试】A. 潮汐 B. 领带 C. 轮胎

【译文】每当潮水袭来,这个地方就会有两英尺深的水。

【词义】n. 潮水,潮汐;时期季节

【猜一猜】① eventide ② Christmastide

【Key】①黄昏;②圣诞时节

19. tidy [5taidi]

They went into the house and found that it is extremly tidy.

【全真测试】A. 整洁的 B. 杂乱的 C. 舒服的

【译文】他们进入房子,发现房子真整洁。

【四级词义】adj. 整洁的,整齐的;可观的 a tidy income 一笔相当可观的收入

20. trace [treis]

One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavior science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, of character, human nature, and so on.

【全真测试】A 追踪 B 捕猎 C 治疗

【译文】难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找根源。

【四级词义】vt. 追踪,找到

【巧记】①在树(tree)上没有找到(ee)却找到纸牌(ace)的痕迹。

②联系trade(贸易)来记,c去追踪做贸易的d

【词性变化】n. 痕迹,踪迹

21. torture [5tC:tFE]

FBI agents repeatedly complained about the torture of detainees in Iraq.

【全真测试】A. 折磨 B. 期盼 C. 气愤

【译文】FBI的调查员不断抱怨伊拉克的虐囚事件。

【四级词义】vt. 拷打,折磨,使痛苦,使弯曲

【巧记】兔子(to)被人(r)的拷打真的(ture)使它受尽折磨。

【词性变化】n. 拷打,折磨

22. wander [5wCndE]

The headmaster asked the students not to wander in front of the houses adjacent to the school.

【全真测试】A. 漫游 B. 旅行 C. 航行

【译文】校长要求学生不要在学校附近的房屋前闲逛。

【四级词义】vi. 漫游,闲逛

【巧记】wand(指挥棒)+(-er)= 指挥棒加了er就有了生命,会漫游,闲逛了 23. wax [wAks]

Candles are made from wax.

【全真测试】A. 蜡 B. 蜂蜜 C. 琥珀

【译文】蜡烛是蜡做的。

【四级词义】n. 蜡

【词义扩展】vi. 上蜡于

【巧记】联系tax(税)来记,生产w形状的蜡,要征收t种的税。

【猜一猜】beeswax

【Key】蜂蜡

24. weave [wi:v]

How does it take to weave five yards of cloth?

【全真测试】A. 编 B. 制造 C. 改造

【译文】要织五码的布需要多长时间呢?

【四级词义】(weaving, wove, woven)v. 织,编

【词性变化】n. 织法,织物

【巧记】离开(leave)的时候,我把l编织成w。

25. preserve [pri5zE:v]

I tried to preserve family harmony.

【全真测试】A. 维持 B. 破坏 C. 建设

【译文】我努力维持家庭和睦。

【四级词义】v. 保护,保存,保持,维持,保藏

【巧记】pre(预先,之前的)+serve(服务,服役)=预先提供保护,维持的服务。

【词性变化】n. 蜜饯,果酱;禁猎地,禁区,防护物

【猜一猜】preserver

【Key】er(名词后缀多指人或工具)n. 保护者;保存者;禁猎地的管理人员

26. abuse [E5bju:z]

Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination(歧视).(2002.1)【全真测试】A. 伤害 B. 虐待 C. 打击

【译文】律师可以专门研究“老人法”,这涉及所有从信托到财产到护理院的虐待和年龄歧视的各个方面。

【四级词义】v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂

【巧记】ab-(离开)+ use(使用)= 离开正确的使用即是滥用。

【猜一猜】① disuse ② ill-use ③ ill-usage

【key】① v. 不使用② v. 虐待苛待③ n. 虐待

27. academic [7AkE5demik]

The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually perform by students who advise the academic authorities.

【全真测试】A 学术的 B 文学的 C 计划的

【译文】有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的,而这些学生则负责给学校的领

导提建议。

【四级词义】adj. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的

【猜一猜】academy

【Key】n. (高等)专科院校;学会

28. battery [5bAtEri]

Battery which is not continuously used should be stored in a dry condition.

【全真测试】A. 设备 B. 电池(组) C. 引擎

【译文】电池如果长期不用,应该被存放在干燥的地方。

【四级词义】n. 电池(组)

【巧记】更好的(better)电池组是把e型变成a型,再加个尾巴(y)。

29. barrier [5bAriE]

Some people prefer the original English text whereas others feel a translation into their native language removes a barrier to understanding.

【全真测试】A. 标志 B. 障碍 C. 陷阱

【译文】有人更喜欢英语原版,也有人觉得翻译成母语消除了理解上的障碍。

【四级词义】n. 障碍;栅栏

30. cargo [5kB:gEu]

If a particular cargo is partially damaged, the damage is called particular average.

【全真测试】A. 箱子 B. 麻袋 C. 货物

【译文】如果这批货物是部分受损,我们称为“单独海损”。

【四级词义】n. 船货,(船、飞机等装载的)货物

【巧记】car+go=汽车走的时候一定装载货物。

Unit 1 攻克堡垒(Day1-10)Day 3

大家在前两天的学习中,一定有了较大的进步,也会对词的前后缀也有了很好的感

性认识,那让我们来系统地学习一下词的构词法,特别要注意一下词的前后缀,将这件背单

词的利器拿到手!同时,为了更好的帮助大家理解前后缀我们特意设置了前后缀卡片,建议

大家将其撕下,在背单词时随时对照。

大家都知道,工欲善其事,必先利其器,我们背单词的利器就是构词法知识。同时,

在四级考试大纲中明确写到,学生应根据构词法知识知道一些词的衍生词。所以我们在第一

天学习英语中主要的三种构词法:

第一是合成法,例raincoat(雨衣)是由rain和coat组成。这样的词汇在英文中

占很大的比重,所以在记忆单词的时候首先要看这个单词是否是合成词,如果是合成词只需要将其拆开,这样原本要的记上许多个不同字母的单词成了两个部分,记起来就非常省力。

第二是转化法,例如:水water,但在water the flower中却成了浇水的意思从名词转化成了动词。这正是许多同学在阅读时认识句子中的每一个单词却不知道句子意思的原因,即词性发生了变化。因此,在背单词中要有意识地注意词的这种变化,一个单词是否有意思相近的几个词性。

第三是派生法,就是通过加前缀和后缀改变单词的意思或词性。这是我们要掌握的重点,掌握这些前后缀是十分必要的,能够使你迅速提高词汇量。此外,掌握了这些前后缀及其构词原理,还能够使我们举一反三,有助于理解和学习一些新的词汇,相应地也就扩大了我们的词汇量。

前缀(Prefixes)一般不造成词类的转变,而只是引起意思上的变化

请大家先来看这些大家很熟悉的词

① honest ② like ③ able ④ possible ⑤ legal

⑥ ever ⑦ sense ⑧ moral ⑨ regular

现在让我们把他们的词义变成相反的词义

① dishonest ② dislike ③ unable ④ impossible ⑤ illegal

①不诚实②不喜欢③不能,不能的,不会的④不可能的,⑤违法的,不合规定的

⑥ never ⑦ nonsense ⑧ immoral ⑨ irregular

⑥决不,从未⑦胡说,废话⑧不道德的⑨不规则的

常见的前缀

一、表示否定意义的前缀

un- 不做相反动作 dis- 不做相反动作 in- 不

im- 不 ir- 不 il- 不 non- 不,非

【猜一猜】① unhappy ② untrue ③ undress ④ undo ⑤ disagree(ment) ⑥disown

⑦ disinfect ⑧ non-existent ⑨ non-conductor

【key】①不高兴②不真实③暴露,使卸去装饰④解开,松开⑤不一致,不适合(争执,争论)⑥否认⑦消毒⑧不存在的⑨绝缘体

二、表示前,先前意义的前缀

husband

ex-husband(前夫)

see

foresee(预知,预见)

history

prehistory(史前时期)

claim

proclaim(宣告,宣布)

看完这单词的对比大家一定知道这一组前缀主要是表示前,先前,预先

F 前缀ex-,汉语意思是“先前”,它主要是和表示“人”的名词搭配。

例如:ex-minister—former minister(前任大使)

F 前缀fore-,汉语意思是“先前的”、“在前面的”,它可以加在某些动词和名词前面。例如:foretell预言

F 前缀pre-,汉语意思是“在……前”,它主要是加在名词前面,也和少量的形容

词、动词搭配。

F 前缀pro-,汉语意思是“向前,在前,预先”,可以和名词、动词、形容词搭配。

例如:propelling(向前推进的)

【猜一猜】①ex-president ②forecast ③forecourt ④forehead ⑤foreground ⑥ preadult ⑦ preannounce ⑧ precook ⑨ preface

【key】①前任总统②预见,预测③前院,(篮球)前(场)球④前额,(任何事物的)前部⑤前景,最显著的位置⑥成年前的⑦预告,事先宣告⑧预煮,预先烹调(食物)⑨前言

三、表示错误的,不良意义的前缀

spell

misspell拼错

treat

maltreat虐待,滥用

根据前面单词的比较我们能得出

F mis- 错误地 mal- 不良的

【猜一猜】① misinform ② malfunction

【key】①告诉错误的消息②故障

四、表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀

请大家熟记下面的顺口溜里in(im,inter, intro)外out。上over(super,up)下sub(under)。前pro(pre)后post。还有中间是medi(med,mid)。

前缀意义例词

F in-,im- 表示“向内,在内,背于” inside里面;import进口

inter-,intel- 表示“在……间,相互” international国际的;internet互联网

intro- 表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce介绍

en- 表示“在内,进入” encage 关在笼中,把…关起来

F out- 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline 大纲,轮廓,略图;outside 外面

ex-,ec-,es- 表示“外部,外” exit,出口;expand 扩张,张开,发展

extra- 表示“额外” extraction提取

F up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward在上面地,向上地;uphold 支持,

赞成

over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook 俯瞰,耸出;overhead 在头上

的,高架的

super-,sur- 表示“在……之上” superficial 表面的,肤浅的;surface 表面,外表,水面

F under- 表示“在……下面,下的” underline 在…下面划线;underground 地下

的,地面下的

sub-, sup-, suf- 表示“在下面,下” subway 地道,地铁;submarine潜水艇,

潜艇;adj. 水下的,海底的;suffix 后缀

de- 表示“在下,向下” descend下来,下降;degrade(使)降级

F post- 表示“向后,在后边,次” postscript附言

F medi-, med-, mid- 表示“中,中间” midnight 午夜

【猜一猜】① inland ② interaction, ③ uphill ④ superstructure ⑤

overboard ⑥ underwater ⑦ export ⑧ suppress ⑨ midday

【key】①内陆②相互作用③上坡④(建筑物,铁路等的)上部构造,上层建筑⑤自船上落下,在船外⑥在水下的,在水中的⑦出口货,输出,出口⑧镇压,抑制,查禁,制止⑨中午

五、其他重要的前缀

前缀意义例词

micro- 微型,缩微 microfilm缩微拍摄;microcomputer微型(电子)计算机

mini- 特小的 minibus小型公共汽车;miniskirt迷你短裙,超短裙

uni- 单一 uniform统一的,相同的

semi- 半 semi-official 半官方的

vice- 副 vice-chairman副主席,副议长;vice-president. 副总裁,副校长

counter- 反 counteract抵消,中和,阻碍;counter-clockwise逆时针方向

anti- 反(对),防 anti-tank反坦克的

over- 过于 overdo做得过分过度,做作;over-insurance 溢额保险,保额过高的保险

under- 不够 underfeed未给予足量食物;under-part 腹部,附属地位

trans- 跨越,转移 transplant移植,移种;transform转换,改变

post- 在……之后的 post-acceleration后加速 post-modern 后现代主义的,

后现代派的

super- 超级,上层 superman超人;supermarket超级市场

tele- 远距离的 telephone电话;television电视,电视机

self- 自动,自我 self-service自助式销售

re- 重新 retell重讲;rewrite重写,改写

co- 共同 co-operation 合作

常见的后缀

后缀多是在词性上对单词进行改变。

一、常用的构成名词的后缀

1. 表示人的后缀

F -er 表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人”

thinker 思想者

eye-opener 使人惊奇的事物,大开眼界的事物

-eer 表示“从事于……的人”

engineer 工程师,技师 profiteer 奸商

-ee 表示“动作承受者”

employee 雇用 trainee 练习生,新兵

F -or 表示“从事某种职业的人”

actor男演员,行动者,参与者 sailor海员,水手

F -ess表示“女性人称名词”

hostess女主人,女房东 actress女演员

F -ist表示“从事…的研究者,信仰…的主义者”

scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生

-ian表示“精通者,……家”

musician音乐家 physician医师,内科医师

-ese表示“……国人,……地方的人”

Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人

-ant表示“具有……职责的人”

contestant竞争者,争论者 dependant(=dependent)侍从

2. 表示“性质,状态,程度”的名词后缀

F -ness 表示“性质,状态,程度”

illness疾病,生病happiness幸福,快乐

F -ment 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

movement运动,动作 government政府,内阁,政治,政体

F -(a)tion表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

dictation听写,口述 repetition重复,循环

F -ion表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

expansion扩充,开展 discussion讨论

F -hood表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

childhood 孩童时期 likelihood 可能,可能性

F -age表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

shortage不足,缺乏 marriage结婚,婚姻

F -dom表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

kingdom王国 freedom自由,自主

F -ty表示“相像,类似”的含义

safety 安全,保险 penalty处罚,罚款

-ity表示“相像,类似”的含义

activity活跃,活动性 reality真实,事实,

-y表示“相像,类似”的含义

difficulty困难,难点 discovery发现,发明的东西

3. 其他名词后缀

F -ism 表示“……主义” heroism英雄主义 optimism乐观,乐观主义

F -ing 表示“动作的过程结果” learning学习 feeling触觉,知觉 painting绘画,油画

F -ship 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” friendship友谊,友好

hardship困苦,艰难,辛苦

F -ure 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” pleasure愉快,快乐 failure 失败,失败者

F -th 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” truth事实,确实 health 健康

F -al 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” refusal拒绝,推却 arrival 到来,到达

F -ance 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” acceptance接受,承诺

assistance协助,援助

F -ence 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” difference差异,差别

reference提及,涉及

F -ry 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” bribery行贿,受贿

slavery奴隶身份,奴隶制度

F -ate 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” doctorate博士头衔 electorate 选民,选区

F -ette 表示“小” cigarette香烟,纸烟 kitchenette小厨房

F -let 表示“小” booklet小册子 leaflet传单

二、常用的构成形容词的后缀

F -ful表示“充分的”含义

useful有用的,有益的 grateful感激的,感谢的

F -ish表示“充分的”含义

childish孩子气的,幼稚的 Swedish瑞典的

F -ive 表示“充分的”含义

active积极的,能起作用的 collective集体的

F -ous表示“充分的”含义

famous著名的,出名的 continuous连续的,持续的

F -ent 表示“充分的”含义

different不同的 consistent一致的,调和的

F -able带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

acceptable可接受的,合意的 agreeable使人愉快的,惬意的

F -ible带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

sensible有感觉的,明智的 contemptible可鄙的

F -ic带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

realistic现实(主义)的 historic历史上著名的,有历史性的

F -ant带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

significant有意义的,重要的 defiant挑战的,挑衅的

F -ary带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

imaginary假想的,想象的 secondary假想的,想像的

F -ly表示“相像,类似”的含义

friendly友好的,友谊的 lively活泼的,活跃的

F -y表示“相像,类似”的含义

rainy下雨的,多雨的 thirsty口渴的,渴望的

F -some表示“相像,类似”的含义

troublesome麻烦的,讨厌的 lonesome寂寞的

F -like表示“相像,类似”的含义

childlike孩子似的,天真烂漫的 womanlike像女人的,女人似的

F - en表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义

wooden木制的 golden金色的,金黄色的

其他形容词后缀

F -al continual连续的,频繁的 exceptional例外的,异常的

F -ed landed拥有土地的,有田地的 moneyed有钱的(作定语用)

F -ate fortunate幸运的,幸福的 collegiate学院的

F -an European欧洲的,欧洲人的 American美国的,美洲的

F -less 表示“否定” careless粗心的,疏忽的 homeless无家的,无家可归的

三、构成动词、副词和数词的后缀

动词后缀

后缀含义例词

-ize 表示“做成,变成,……化” realize 认识到,了解,modernize 使现代化-en “使成为,引起,使有” widen 加宽,放宽, hasten 催促,赶紧

-ify “使……化,使成” simplify 单一化,简单化 beautify 美化

-ate “成为……,处理,作用” activate 刺激,使活动 motivate 激发

副词后缀

后缀例词

–ly really 真正地,实在地 happily 幸福地,愉快地

-ward backward 向后地(的),相反地 homeward 在归途上地,向家地

-wise likewise 同样地,照样地 clockwise 顺时针方向地

数词后缀

后缀例词

-teen fourteen 十四 fifteen 十五

-ty forty 四十 fifty 五十

-th ninth 第九 twelfth 第十二

请同学们在记忆前后缀的基础上,在背单词时多加练习,注意观察单词的构成,使自己具备词感,更加快速有效的记忆单词。

前缀卡片

否定,不,表否定 un- dis- in- 前,先前,预先 ex- pre- pro-

im- ir- il- 向内,在内,在…间 in- im- inter-

错误的 mis- 不良的 mal- intel- intro- en-

在上面,在外部,额外 out- ex- ec- es- 向上,在上面,在……之上 over- super- sur-

在…下面,下的,向下 under- sub- sup- extra- up-

suf- de- 在中间,中间的 medi- med- mid-

微型,缩微 micro- 单一 uni-

特小的 mini- 副 vice-

半 semi- 反(对),防 anti-

反 counter- 不够,在……下 under-

过于 over- 超级,上层 super-

跨越,转移 trans- 自动,自我 self-

远距离的 tele- 共同 co-

重新 re-

后缀卡片

名词后缀:

表示“人的” -er -eer -ee -or -ess -ist -ian -ese -ant

表示“性质,状态,程度” -ness -ment -(a)tion -ion

表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义” -hood -age -dom

表示“相像,类似”的含义 -ty -ity -y

表示“……主义” -ism

表示“动作的过程结果” -ing

表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” -ship

形容词后缀:

表示“充分的”含义 -ful -ish -ive -ous -ent

表示“属性,倾向,相关” -able -ible -ic -ant -ary

表示“相像,类似”的含义 -ly -y -some -like

表示由“某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义” -en

其他形容词后缀 -al -ed -ate -an

此外还有构成动词、副词和数词的后缀:

动词后缀 -ize -en -ify

副词后缀 -ly -ward -wise

数词后缀 -teen -ty -th

Unit 1 攻克堡垒(Day1-10)Day 4

词组在四六级词汇中同样占有很大的比重,尤其是介词词组。介词,搭配力特别强,可用来表示种种不同的意思,大部分的习用语都是由介词和其他词构成的,熟练掌握词组也是攻克四级词组的重要法宝。

介词的用法是比较复杂的,要掌握得下很大的功夫,但不是说我们要将见到的介词词组都背下来,而是首先要了解一些主要介词的基本意思,将其作为一个立脚点,在结合与其搭配的词,推断出词组的正确意义。为此,我们将介词的基本含义列出,并配有例句,请大家在理解的基础上,准确记忆。

at

①在(某地点,某个场合):Let’s meet at the station. 咱们车站见吧。

②在(某时刻、时间、阶段等):Dinner was at one o’clock. 一点钟开饭。

③表示价格、速度、数量等:This was sold at $20 a pound. 这东西售价是二十美金一磅。

at most至多 at least至少

at present现在 at a loss 茫然,不知所措

at a time 一次,每次 at all 丝毫(不),一点也不

at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

at all times 随时,总是 at any rate 无论如何,至少

at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先

at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 at hand 在手边,在附近

at heart 内心里,本质上 at home 在家,在国内

at intervals 不时,每隔… at large 大多数,未被捕获的

at least 至少 at last 终于

at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不 at one time 曾经,一度;同时

at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任……处理

at the cost of 以……为代价 at the mercy of 任凭……摆布

at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度

at times 有时,间或 prior to 在……之前

all at once 突然,同时

卡片一

alter v. 改变,改动,变更

alterable adj. 可改变的,可改动的

alternate v. 使交替,使轮流 adj. 交替的,轮流的

最近十年高考上海卷英语高频词汇总汇

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