英语语言学期末预测及答案
Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)
1) affricate 2)distinctive feature 3) parole 4) generative grammar
5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition 7) design feature
8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativity
Translate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)
11)人际功能 12) 真值条件 13)女性语域 14)音节划分 15)结构主义
16)社会语言学 17) 论元 18)单元音 19)衔接 20)对比分析
III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B,
C or
D on the answer sheet. (1%×20=20%)
1). language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication.
A. cultural
B. conventional
C. decoded
D. vocal
2). A word with several meanings is called _________.
A. an abnormal word
B. a polysemous word
C. a synonymous word
D. none of the above
3). There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________.
A. derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
4). The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number.
A. large
B. small
C. finite
D. infinite
5). “I picked some tulips.” __________ “I picked some flowers.”.
A. entails
B. presupposes
C. is inconsistent with
D. is synonymous with
6). Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.
X: Who was that you were with last night
Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
7) “Can I borrow your bike” _____ “You have a bike.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
8) The study of language at one point of time is a _______ study.
A. synchronic
B. historic
C. diachronic
D. descriptive
9) Which of the following is a typical tone language
A. English
B. Chinese
C. French
D. All of the above
10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ___________.
A. phonemic contrast
B. complementary distribution
C. minimal pair
D. none of the above
11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _________.
A. palatal
B. alveolar
C. bilabial
D. dental
12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. N. Chomsky
C. F. Saussure
D. M. A. K. Halliday
13) Which of the following is a correct description of reference
A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaning
B. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expression
C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression
used in an utterance to pick out that object
D. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items
14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do’
A. Directive
B. Phatic
C. Informative
D. Evocative
15) In the following sounds, ________is a central vowel.
A. /?/
B. /u/
C. /?/
D. /з/
16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system
A. Chinese
B. Japanese
C. English
D. French
17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right
A. [+human, +adult,-male]
B. [+human, -adult, +male]
C. [–human, +adult, -male]
D. [+human, +adult, +male]
18) Once the notion of ________ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.
A. meaning
B. context
C. form
D. content
19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are _______.
A. rule-governed
B. systematic
C. arbitrary
D. both A and B
20) “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _________.
A. an overheated animal
B. a kind of food
C. a barking dog
D. a dead dog
IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pts, 1 point for each)
Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%×15=15%)
1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.
2)According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of his
knowledge in utterance.
3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.
4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members
of a speech community.
5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns
of a language.
6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.
7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.
8)Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of
grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
9)According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol
and referent, . between a word and a thing it refers to.
10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.
11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically
well-formed.
12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by
semantics.
13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about
by the utterance.
14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by people
belonging to particular social classes.
15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic
competence.
V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)
1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a____________ phonetics,
auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.
2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over
w_________.
3)S_________ studies the sentence structure of language.
4)C____________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word
can be divided into meaning components.
5)The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_____________.
6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_________ transcription.
7)Linguistics’found that it would be impossible to give an adequate
description of meaning if the c_________ of language use was left unconsidered.
8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and
a _______of messages.
9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between
languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h___________.
10)S______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of
language.
the following terms: %×20=10%)
Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)
1)塞擦音 2)区别性特征 3) 言语 4)生成语法 5)双语现象
6)适切条件 7)结构特征 8)外延 9)唇齿音 10)语言相
对论
Translate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)
11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13)women register 14)syllabification 15) structuralism 16) sociolinguistics 17) argument 18) monophthong 19)cohesion 20) contrastive analysis
III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the
four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(1%×20=20%)
1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDABB 11-15 BBCBA 16-20 BDBDB
IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or
false.(1%×15=15%)
1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15 FTFTF
V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the
first letter of which is already given as a clue. (1％×10=10％)
1) articulatory 2) writing 3) syntax 4) contituent
5)homograph
6) broad 7)context 8)receiver 9) hypothesis 10) Speech
语言学概论试题（一） 一、填空（每空1分，共15分） 1.语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是根词。 2.语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字是最重要的辅助交际工具。 ?3.我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的语文学，通称为“小学”。 4.英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族的西部语支。 ?5.语音可以从生理角度分析它的产生方式，从物理角度分析它的表现形式传递过程，从社会功能角度分析它的功能作用。 6.是否能够独立运用，是区分词和语素的根本特点。 ?7.现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母，大多直接来源于拉丁字母。 ?8.具有不同功能的三种最基本的语法单位是语素、词、句子。 ?9.语言发展的主要特点是渐变性和不平衡性。 ?10.我国宪法 1982年第19条明确规定“国家推广全国通用的普通话”。 二、选择题（每题1分，共10分）?????? 1. 中国的传统语文学研究的薄弱环节是（ D ） ??Ａ.文字学Ｂ.语音学? ?Ｃ.词汇学Ｄ.语法学 ?2. 汉语属于（ B ） ?Ａ.屈折语Ｂ.孤立语 ?Ｃ.多式综合语Ｄ.粘着语 ?3. 一种语言中数量最少的是（ B ） ??Ａ.音素Ｂ.音位 ??Ｃ.语素Ｄ.音节 ?4. 文字的前身是（ C ） ??Ａ.结绳记事Ｂ.手势 ??Ｃ.图画记事Ｄ.实物记事 ?5. 派生词中包含（ B ） ??Ａ.词尾Ｂ.词根 ??Ｃ.虚词Ｄ.根词 ?6. 语音和语义结合的最小的语言单位是（ C ） ??Ａ.音素Ｂ.义素 ??Ｃ.语素Ｄ.音位 7. 汉语单词“忽然”出现的位置是（ C ） ??Ａ.主语位置Ｂ.谓语位置 ??Ｃ.状语位置Ｄ.定语位置 8. 以下各种语言变体中，属于社会方言的是（ D ） ???Ａ.土话Ｂ.客家话 ???Ｃ.客套话Ｄ.黑话 9. 下列语素中属于自由语素的是（ C ） ???Ａ.初Ｂ.视 ???Ｃ.人Ｄ.民 10. 在语言结构的某一环节上能够互相替换，?具有某种相同作用的各个单位之间所形成的关系叫（ D ） ??Ａ.转换关系Ｂ.组合关系 ??Ｃ.层级关系Ｄ.聚合关系 三、名词解释（每题4分，共20分） ?1.专语语言学以具体语言作为研究对象的语言学。 2.组合关系指两个以上相连续的语言符号组合而成的线性关系。 3.语流音变语流中的某些音由于相互影响而发生临时性的变化，这种变化就叫语流音变。 4.语义场由具有某些共同义素的一群词类聚而成的场。 5.语法范畴把同一性质的语法意义综合和概括所形成的语法意义的类别。 四、试以国际音标标出下列各词的读音（每题2分，共10分） 1.优秀 2.维持 3.宏观 4.精神 5.离开 五、用义素分析法分析下列各组词（每题3分，共9分） ?1.瞻仰 [+用眼 +往一定方向 +崇敬地]
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1
1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics. D A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic 2. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a __C__ formula "S→NP VP". A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A A. [p] B.[m] C.[b] D.[t] 4. The words ―make‖ and ―bus‖ are called _____D____because they can occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words ―lend‖ and ―borrow‖ are____B______. A. gradable antonymy B. relational (converse) antonymy C. synonyms D. co-hyponyms 6. The semantic components of the word ―man‖ can be expressed as ____C___. A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adult; B.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adult; C.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adult D.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence ―How do you do?‖ have? B A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_______A____. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 9. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?______A_. A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 10. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called __C? A. morphology B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. psycholinguistics 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.
语言学概论试题及答案 分享 首次分享者：◇﹎ゞ丫丫℡已被分享11次评论(0)复制链接分享转载举报语言学概论形成性考核作业及参考答案 语言学概论作业1 导言、第一章、第二章 一、名词解释 1、历时语言学——就各种语言的历史事实用比较的方法去研究它的“亲属”关系和历史发展的，叫历时语言学。 2、语言——语言是一种社会现象，是人类最重要的交际工具和进行思维的工具。就语言本身的结构来说，语言是由词汇和语法构成的系统。 3、符号——符号是用来代表事物的一种形式，词这样的符号是声音和意义相结合的统一体。任何符号都是由声音和意义两方面构成的。 4、语言的二层性——语言是一种分层装置，其底层是一套音位；上层是音义结合的符号和符号的序列，这一层又分为若干级，第一级是语素，第二级是由语素构成的词，第三级是由词构成的句子。 5、社会现象——语言是一种社会现象和人类社会有紧密的联系。所谓“社会”，就是指生活在一个共同的地域中，说同一种语言，有共同的风俗习惯和文化传统的人类共同体。语言对于社会全体成员来说是统一的、共同的；另一方面，语言在人们的使用中可以有不同的变异、不同的风格。 二、填空 1、结构主义语言学包括布拉格学派、哥本哈根学派、美国描写语言学三个学派。 2、历史比较语言学是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的，它是语言学走上独立发展道路的标志。 3、人的大脑分左右两半球，大脑的左半球控制语言活动，右半球掌管不需要语言的感性直观思维。 4、一个符号，如果没有意义，就失去了存在的必要，如果没有声音，我们就无法感知，符号也就失去了存在的物质基础。 5、用什么样的语音形式代表什么样的意义，完全是由使用这种语言的社会成员约定俗成。 6、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特点。 7、语言的底层是一套音位，上层是符号和符号的序列，可以分为若干级，第一级是语素，第二级是词，第三级是句子。 8、语言系统中的所有符号，既可以同别的符号组合，又可以被别的符号替换，符号之间的这两种关系是组合和聚合。 9、组合是指符号与符号相互之间在功能上的联系，聚合是指符号在性质上的归类。 三、判断正误（正确的打钩，错误的打叉） 1、文字是人类最重要的交际工具。（×） 2、地主阶级和农民阶级之间没有共同语言，这说明语言是有阶级性的。（×） 3、在现代社会，文字比语言更加重要。（×）
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.doczj.com/doc/277642685.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.doczj.com/doc/277642685.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.doczj.com/doc/277642685.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/277642685.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
全国2018年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. （）A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.（） A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. （） A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. （）A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） 1
语言学概论 一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分} 1．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的辅助性交际工具。 B．语言就是说话，说话就是语言。 C．语言是一种特殊的社会现象。 D．语言具有地方色彩，说明语言不具有社会性。 2．下列说法只有是错误的。 A．汉语的声调是由音高变化形成的。 B．语言中的轻重音是由音重变化形成的。 C．音位具有区别词形的作用。 I)．音素具有区别词形的作用。 3．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．“老”可以同“新、旧、少、嫩”等构成反义词。 B．“大”和“小”是绝对对立的反义词。 C．“红”与“黑”这对反义词具有非此即彼的关系。 D．反义词“冷”和“热”具有相对性。 4．下列说法只有____正确。 A．意译词如“激光”、“电话”都是借词。 B．仿译词如“机关枪”、“铁路”都是借词。 C．“尼姑”、“和尚”、“玻璃”是借词。 D．“爱神”、“北极熊”、“超人”都是借词。 5．下列词义的变化，属于词义的缩小。 A．“meat”原指菜肴，现在指荤菜。 B．“走”本义是跑，现在指步行。 C．“江”原指长江，今泛指江河。 D．“book”原指一种树木，今指成本的著作。 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4.下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 I)．语法的聚合规则存在”ji【j头沿吉中 5．单纯阋就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 【！．词缀
试卷代号：1093 语言学概论(本) 模拟试题 一、举例解释下列名词(每词5分，共10分) 1. 音位变体 2．借词 二、单项选择(每小题2分。共10分) 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4. 下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A．语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 D.语法的聚合规则存在于口头语言中 5．单纯词就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 C．词缀 D．词尾6．下列各种说法只有( )是正确的。 A．词义的模糊性说明词义是不可捉摸的 B．多义词使用不当会产生歧义，如“门没有锁” C．“glass”的本义是玻璃，派生义指玻璃杯，这是隐喻 D．同义词在修辞上具有对比作用，可以利用来突出对立面 7．下列说法只有( )是错误的。 A．语法的规则可以类推，但也有例外，如“wife”的复数不是“wifes” B．}昆合语又叫克里奥尔语，它可以被孩子们作为母语来学习 C．混合语只限于某社会集团使用，缺乏广泛性 D．“墨水”原指黑墨水，现指各种颜色的墨水，这种变化是词义的扩大
三、综合分析题(共40分) 8．描写下列音素的发音特点。（8分） ① [u]： ② Ea]： ③ [m]： ④ [x]： 9．分析下面词语中各个构词语素的类别，是词根、词缀还是词尾。（12分） ① going ②老乡 ⑧绿化 10．指出下列词组的结构类型。(10分) ①学生和老师 ②空气新鲜 ③热烈欢呼 ④摆放整齐 ⑤阅读报纸 11．指出下列句子中画线词语的词尾所表示的语法意义和语法范畴。(10分) He buys many books． 四、问答题(每小题10分，共40分) 12．为什么说语言是一种特殊的社会现象? 13．语言符号是一种分层装置，这种分层的核。g,是ffA?其上层由哪些要素构成? 各要素在数量上有何特点? 14．举例说明基本词汇的特点，并简要说明这些特点之间的相互影响。 15．什么是双语现象?双语现象随着社会的发展会出现怎样的结果?
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017 2017 年自学备考正在开展中，考生们要扎扎实实地复习，一步一步地前进，以下是搜索整理的一份《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想 了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们! I .Multiple Choice Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% x 10=20%) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( ) A. gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A. Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night ” as “light ”.This shows: .( ) A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it? ” is __.( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/277642685.html,rmative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
语言学概论题 2009年语言学概论试题及答案 第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题 1．关于“语言”的定义，下列说法不正确的一项是 A．语言是一种社会现象 B．语言就是人们说出来的话 C．语言的客观存在形式首先是有声的口头语言 D．语言是一个符号系统 2．关于“言语活动”、“语言”和“言语”三者之间的关系，下列说法不正确的一项是A．“语言”等于“言语活动”减去“言语” B．“语言”是主要的，而“言语”是次要的 C．“言语”是“言语活动”中的社会部分 D．“语言”是从“言语活动”抽象出来的一个均质的系统 3．索绪尔创立的语言学可以称为 A．传统语言学 B．历史比较语言学 C．结构主义语言学 D．社会语言学 4．从音质角度划分出来的最小语音单位是 A．音渡 B．音素 C．音位 D．音节 5．[p…]的发音特征是 A．双唇送气清塞音 B．双唇不送气清塞音 C．舌尖前送气清塞音 D．舌尖前不送气清塞音 6．下列各项中，都是不圆唇元音的一组是 A．[i，u] B．[e，o] C．[A，y] D．[?，a] 7．说话人根据表达需要有意识地加上去的句重音是 A．节律重音 B．语法重音 C．固定重音 D．强调重音 8．下列关于语汇的表述中，正确的一项是 A．语汇是有意义的能独立使用的语言单位 B．语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位
C．语汇是固D．语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和 5．[p…]的发音特征是 A．双唇送气清塞音 B．双唇不送气清塞音 C．舌尖前送气清塞音 D．舌尖前不送气清塞音 6．下列各项中，都是不圆唇元音的一组是 A．[i，u] B．[e，o] C．[A，y] D．[?，a] 7．说话人根据表达需要有意识地加上去的句重音是 A．节律重音 B．语法重音 C．固定重音 D．强调重音 8．下列关于语汇的表述中，正确的一项是 A．语汇是有意义的能独立使用的语言单位 B．语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位 C．语汇是固定词组和熟语的总汇 D．语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和 9．从词的构造方式看，汉语“健儿”一词属于 A.单纯词 B．派生词 C．复合词 D．简缩词 10．下列各个汉语词语中的“子”是词根语素的是 A．笼子 B．鸽子 C．瓜子 D．日子 11．下列关于语法的表述中，不正确的一项是 A．语法是关于词的构成变化和词构成词组和句子的规则 B．语法是说本族语的人的直觉知识和约定习惯 C.语法是与语音、语汇等要素互不相关的规则 D．语法是与语音、语汇等相比变化较慢的现象 12．在“这些书我看过了”这个语言片段中，“这些书”和“我看过了”的性质是A．既是成分也是组合 B．是成分，不是组合 C．是组合，不是成分 D．不是成分也不是组合 13．下列关于词义模糊性的表述中，正确的一项是 A．词义所指范围边缘区域模糊，中心区域明确 B．词义所指范围边缘区域明确，中心区域模糊
《语言学概论》期末试卷 1.( 单选题 ) 下列关于“语言”的说法 ,不正确的一项是 (D )(本题 2.0 分) A、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的 B、语言是一个符号系统 C、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征 D、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2.( 单选题 ) 下列元音音素都是后元音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[u, ε] B、[α, Λ] C、[α,y] D、[o, a] 3.( 单选题 ) 下列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[k, 1] B、[p, k] C、[p, n] D、[t, v] 4.( 单选题 ) 从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、音位 B、音素 C、音节 D、音渡 5.( 单选题 ) 汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别为[uo]和[te],而在实际语流中 ,“我的”发音是 [uo de],这是语流音变中的( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、顺同化现象 B、逆同化现象 C、弱化现象 D、异化现象 6.( 单选题 ) 语音的本质属性是 (C )(本题 2.0 分) A、物理属性 B、生理属性 C、社会属性 D、心理属性 7. ( 单选题) 英语“ students”中的“ -s”是 ( C)(本题 2.0 分)
A、虚词语素 B、词根语素 C、构形语素 D、构词语素 8. ( 单选题) 从词的构造方式看, 下列各项中属于复合词的是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、木头 B、念头 C、苦头 D、山头 9.( 单选题 ) 划分词类的最本质的标准是 (A )(本题 2.0 分) A、分布标准 B、意义标准 C、形态标准 D、逻辑标准 10.( 单选题 ) 下面词组中 ,结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B、我们大家/首都北京
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.
语言学概论》期末试卷 1. (单选题） 下 列关于“语言”的说法,不正确的一项是（D ）（本题2.0 分） A 、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的B 、 语言是一个符号系统 C 、 语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征D 、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2. (单选题） 下 卜列兀音音素都是后兀音的一组是（B）本题2.0分） A 、[u, ￡] B 、 [a , A ] C 、 [a ,y] D 、[o, a] 3. (单选题） 下 F列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是（B）（本题2.0分） A 、[k, 1] B 、[p, k] C 、[p, n] D 、[t, v] 4. （单选题）从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
(A)(本题2.0分) A 、音位 B 、 曰素 C 、 音节 D 、 音渡 5.(单选题）汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别 为［uo］和［te］,而在实际语流中，“我的”发音是［uo de］,这是语流音变中的（A）本题2.0分） A 、顺同化现象 B 、 逆同化现象 C 、 弱化现象 D 、 异化现象 6.(单选题）语音的本质属性是（C ）本题2.0分） A 、物理属性 B 、 生理属性 C 、 社会属性 D 、 心理属性 7.（单选题）英语“students”中的“-s”是（C）本题2.0分）
A 、虚词语素 B 、 词根语素 C 、 构形语素 D 、 构词语素 8.(单选题）从词的构造方式看，下列各项中属于复合词的是（D）本题2.0分） A 、木头 B 、 念头 C 、 苦头 D 、 山头 9.(单选题）划分词类的最本质的标准是（A ）（本题2.0分） A 、分布标准 B 、 意义标准 C 、 形态标准 D 、 逻辑标准 10.（单选题）下面词组中，结构类型与其他各组不冋的一组是（D）本题2.0分） A 、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B 、我们大家/首都北京 C、铁路民航/工人农民 D、贯彻执行/讨论研究