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四川省雅安中学2014-2015学年高二上学期10月月考生物试题

四川省雅安中学2014-2015学年高二上学期10月月考生物试题
四川省雅安中学2014-2015学年高二上学期10月月考生物试题

四川省雅安中学2014-2015学年高二10月月考生物试题

一、选择题(共7题,每题6分,共42分)

1、右图动物的某组织示意图。其中1是毛细血管壁,2是红细胞,3是血浆,4是细胞内液,5是组织液。下列有关说法正确的是

A、1的直接生活环境是3

B、二氧化碳浓度最高的部位是5

C、葡萄糖进由3进入2的过程是主动运输

D、3的渗透压的大小主要与无机盐、蛋白质的含量有关

2、右图表示一种类型的神经细胞,如果细

胞A接受刺激,下列有关叙述不正确的是

A、可引起细胞E收缩

B、兴奋在神经细胞B上传播速度较在F处快

C、在F处,兴奋由电信号转变为化学信号,

再转变为电信号,兴奋的传递可由细胞C到

细胞D,也可由细胞D到细胞C

D、一般情况下,细胞E将消耗葡萄糖分解释

放能量

3、为验证甲状腺激素具有促进个体发育的功能,某实验小组的同学将一正常幼年家兔的甲状腺摘除并缝合后进行观察,对照组应设为

A、用一成年的家兔做相同的实验

B、用另一相似的幼年家兔在相同的环境中观察

C、用另一相似的幼年家兔在颈部切开伤口后缝合,在相同的环境中观察

D、用另一相似的幼年家兔做相同实验,外补充甲状腺激素并在相同的环境中观察

4、如图表示人体血糖以反馈调节的方式保持平衡的模式图,下列各项分析中正确的是

A、b表示胰岛素,可促进葡萄糖氧化分解和糖元合

B、c表示胰高血糖素,可促进肝糖元分解和非糖物

质转化为葡萄糖

C、d表示骨骼肌,在c的作用下可储存肌糖元,调节血糖浓度

D、e表示食物中的糖类以及脂肪等非糖物质,为血糖的

5、人们试图利用基因工程的方法,用乙种生物生产甲种生物的蛋白质。生产流

程是:甲种生物的蛋白质→mRNA目的基因与质粒DNA重组导入

乙细胞中获得甲生物的蛋白质。下列说法正确的是

A、①过程需要的酶是逆转录酶,原料刘A、U、G、C

B、②要用限制性核酸内切酶切割质粒DNA,再用DNA连接酶将目的基因与质粒连接在一起

C、如果受体细胞是细菌,可以选用枯草杆菌、炭疽杆菌等

D、④过程中用的原料不含有A、U、G、C

6、下列关于生物育种的有关说法正确的是

A、杂交育种的原理是等位基因的分离,一般从F2开始选种,是因为F2中才开始出现所需性状的组合

B、单倍体育种常用花药离体培养法将花药壁细胞培育成单倍体,再用秋水仙素处理使其染色体加倍而恢复育性

C、诱变育种的原理是基因突变,由于突变的不定向性导致育种工作量大,但可大幅度改良生物的某些性状;要定向改变生物的性状,培育生物新类型,可用基因工程育种的方法

D、采用多倍体育种的方法培育无子西瓜过程中获得四倍体西瓜苗和原植株是同一物种

7、下表为几种限制酶识别的序列及切割位点,下图所示,抗原基因用EcoRⅠ和A1uⅠ酶切,载体质粒上有EcoRⅠ、SmaⅠ、PstⅠ酶的识别位点,但只用EcoR Ⅰ和SmaⅠ酶切。再通过DNA连接酶形成重组质粒T。若再用EcoRⅠ和SmaⅠ酶切重组质粒T,将可得到DNA片段的种类数是

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

雅安中学2014-2015学年高二上期10月月考试题

生物试题

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共48分)

二、非选择题(共48分)

8、(11分)下面为六种不同的育种方法,据图回答下列问题:

(1)图中A至D方向所示的途径表示育种方式,这种方法属常规育种,一般从F2代开始选种,这是因为

,A→B→C的途径表示育种方式,这两种育种方式中后者的优越性主要表现在。(2)B常用的方法为。

(3)E方法所用的原理是,所用的方法如

。育种时所需处理的种子应是萌发的(而非休眠的)种子,原因是。(4)上述育种过程中,哪两个过程所使用的方法相同?(填写字母),具体使用的方法有(至少回答两个),其作用机理是。

9、达尔文的自然选择学说是19世纪被人们普遍接受的进化理论,20世纪,以自然选择学说为基础的现代生物进化理论极大地丰富和发展了达尔文的自然选择学说。

(1)自然选择学说自其诞生之日起,就受到自非达尔文学派的质疑。关于“生物的变异是否定向”是经常争论的一个问题。你认为生物的变异是否定向,说明理由。

(2)现代生物进化理论认为生物进化的实质在于

(3)把许多果蝇培养在一起,让它们自由交配。同时用一定剂量的杀虫剂DDT 喷在一块玻璃片上,把玻璃片放在培养果蝇的瓶子中。果蝇群体一代代繁殖,每代群体都用DDT处理,药剂的剂量逐渐增加,经过十多代后,果蝇群体的抗性比原有的品系增强了几十倍。问:能否确定DDT在此实验过程中对果蝇是起选择作用还是诱发突变的作用?为什么?

(4)在对一个地区的植物资调查中发现,在一个植物自然种群中,有一种性状表现为植物的胚囊发育不正常,不能产生正常的卵细胞,使该类植物不能繁殖后代。进一步研究证明,该性状受基因a控制。在该种群中,AA的个体占90%,Aa的个体占9%,aa的个体占1%,那么,

①该植物种群的A基因频率是,a基因频率是。

②该植物种群自由交配一代后,具有繁殖能力的个体占。

③依据现代生物进化理论,这种植物是否发生了进化?。

10、美国科学家首次利用农杆菌介导法将gus基因(抗性标记基因)和npt II基因(新霉素磷酸转移酶基因)转入小麦,获得了小麦转基因植株。根癌农杆茵是一种土壤农杆菌,在它的细胞中有一个环型的质粒,其上有一段可转移的DNA (称为T-DNA)。科学家就利用这种质粒,把T-DNA上的一些基因切掉,插入需

要转移的目的基因,然后,把目的基因转到植物中去,从而使植物具有新的抗性。(1)在进行转基因时,完成提取真核细胞生物的目的基因、重组DNA等操作步骤,需要用到的酶分别有等。(2)在转入目的基因的同时,还需要转入一个基因,通常是抗生素抗性基因或除草剂抗性基因,目的是。(3)在培养和筛选受体细胞时,使用加入了抗生素或某种除草剂的培养基。

(4)受体细胞获得目的基因后,需要利用技术,培育成转基因植物个体。

(5)在种植转基因作物时,可能会发生作物携带的目的基因通过花粉传递给近缘种的杂草,造成“基因污染”。为了避免这种情况的发生,可以采取将目的基因转入。

11、一年一度的高考临时,保健品市场常出现很多脑保健品,有些产品是通过给大脑持续补充磷脂酰胆碱,有效合成记忆传递因子——乙酰胆碱(Ach)的。当人大脑里乙酰胆碱浓度增高时,信息传递快,记忆增强,思维敏捷。下图为实验人员研究Ach浓度与反应时间的简图,A处注入不同浓度的Ach,B处给予恒定刺激,C、D处分别为灵敏感应时间测量点。(轴突中已除去突触小泡)

(1)写出图中①-④的结构,①;②;

③;④。

(2)下表为在不同浓度的Ach刺激下C、D两处感受信号所用的时间。请分析回答:

①C处数据说明了。

②D处数据说明了。(3)在轴突中除去突触小泡的目的是。

(4)C、F 低温诱导和秋水仙素处理抑制纺锤体形成,导致染色体不能移向两极而加倍

9、(12分)

(1)不定向(1分)。因为基因突变是随机的;有性生殖细胞产生过程中,非同染色体自由组合是随机的;精子与卵细胞的结合是随机的(3分,答对一点得1分)(2)种群基因频率的改变(1分)

(3)不能(1分)。因为果蝇每代都接触DDT,缺乏对照实验(1分)

(4)①94.5% (1分) 5.5% (1分)②483/484 (2分)③发生了进化(1分)

10、(12分,每空2分)

(1)限制性核酸内切酶、DNA连接酶(2)标记筛选和鉴定出受体细胞是否导入目的基因(3)选择(4)植物组织培养(5)受体细胞的叶绿体DNA

11、

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