Exercises 1
Part I
I Vocabulary exercises
1. B
2. C
3. D
4.B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. C 10. B
II Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1.“Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army and French. According to
the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon?s
army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St.
Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the
term …logistics? encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and
material maintenance.
2.Logistics deals with satisfying the customer. This implies that management must first
understand what those requirements are before a logistics strategy can be developed
and implemented to meet them. As will be discussed in more detail later, customer
service is the most important output of an organization?s logistics system. This focus
on customer satisfaction will be emphasized through the text just as it should be in
the firm.
Part II
I Vocabulary exercises
1. B
2. D
3. A
4.C
5. D
6.D
7.A
8.A
9.C 10. A
II Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1.Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a
point of consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into the
production process and/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer.
2.Since these inputs can have a direct impact on both the cost and quality of the final
product/service offered to the consumer, this activity is vital to the overall success of
the logistics effort. In addition, the move away from local sourcing in favor of global
buying has complicated this entire process dramatically in recent years.
Part III
I Vocabulary exercises
1. D
2.C
3.B
4.D
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. B 10. C
II Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1.Cost has a relation to service. They go hand in hand. As you define your service
against your costs or costs against service, the give and take develops into your
operating costs and budgets. Then you have to make sure that the cost can be
managed. Otherwise costs can go out of control, or seem to.
2.Logistics is a process, which runs from the vendor's door through to the customer's. It
interacts with almost every group within the company and with many companies
outside the company, including its customers. Effective logistics revolves around five
key issues--movement of product, movement of information, time/service, cost and
integration. Each of this is critical to the success of logistics and to creating
value-added to the company and improving competitiveness.
Exercises 2
Part I
I Vocabulary exercises
1. A
2. B
3. B
4.B
5.A
6. B
7. B
8.B
9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15.D
Part II
I Vocabulary exercises
1. A
2.C
3.A
4. D
5.A
6. D
7.B
8. B
9. D 10. B II Structure
1. C
2. C
3.C
4.D
5.C
Part III
I Vocabulary exercises
1.A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. A
6.C
7.A
8. C
II Structure
1.C
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. B
Exercises
Part I
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
. The Public sector ______an important role in transport, through the construction, ownership and control of roads, railroads and in most countries.
(A) do (B) get (C) play (D) plays
2. This does not only relate to the handling techniques, _______to the equipment itself.
(A) and (B) which (C) but also (D) too
3. A ship may be moved from one trade or route to another, _______a port cannot be moved.
(A) that (B) which (C) while (D) why
4. The high cost of provision, longevity and scale economies associated _______the fixed components
create tendencies towards monopoly control, while the ease of entry, flexibility and lack of scale effets
tend to stimulate competition in the mobile sector.
(A) on (B) in (C) to (D) with
5. Public authorities are most often responsible (1) planning, construction and maintenance of the fixed elements of transport, the infrastructure. It is assumed that their main (2) is to secure the international trade to and from a region or a country. But the investments they are willing to undertake must in most cases be demonstrated to have a viable economic basis through projections of cargo flows and (3) national gains. The careful planning and (4) of road and port projects are examples of this. The shipowners, as the suppliers of ships, will have similar interests in evaluating the cargo flow to and from a specific area. But as they operate internationally and their ships most likely serve other regions or countries, at least in liner operations, their considerations will have a wider scope within some profit motive. They may not be willing to add capacity to a service to cater for local needs.
(1) (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for
(2) (A) objective (B) object (C) objectively (D) objecting
(3) (A) result (B) resulting (C) results (D) resulted
(4) (A) evaluation (B) improvement (C) development (D) increase
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1. mobile, relate, infrastructure,influenced, link, consists,
(1) The _____elements are also generally cheap.
(2) This does not only ______to the cargo handling techniques, but also to the equipment itself.
(3) It is the features of the fixed and mobile components of transport that have _______the present institutional arrangements in the industry.
(4) A particularly important ________ between transport and development is in international interaction.
(5) A transport system _______of inland transport, ports and ocean going vessels.
(6) The importance of building up a transport that involves considerable cost has made
this a widely accepted public task.
Part II
Exercises:
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1. The capability to efficiently transport large tonnage over long distance is the main reason _____ continue to handle significant inter-city tonnage and revenue.
(A) motor carrier (B) water transport (C) railroads (D) pipelines
2. _______is the oldest mode of transportation
(A) Motor carrier (B) Water transport (C) Railroads (D) Air transport
3. _____ can not be transported by pipelines.
(A) gas (B) general cargo (C) liquid (D) slurry
4. One ______aspect of air transport is the high cost.
(A) prohibitive (B) limited (C) obstacle (D) advantage
5. There has been an increasing _ (1)__ on these vehicles both in developed and in developing country. The construction of motorway and trunk road network, the concentration of manufacture into bigger production units and the general trend towards containerization have supported and (2) to this trend. Road transport shares the road or highway (3) other user. The (4) of roads are normally financed either through direct taxes (toll roads), by petrol or other indirect taxes or by combination.
(1) (A) to rely (B) rely (C) relied (D) reliance
(2) (A) lead (B) led (C) leading (D) to lead
(3) (A) with (B) on (C) and (D) in
(4) (A) build (B) building (C) manufacture (D) construct
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
. unique, complementary, extremely, ranks, shifted, reduced,
(1). The basic nature of a pipeline is ______in comparison to all other modes of transport.
(2) Water transport _______ between rail and motor carrier in respect to fixed cost.
(3) The replacement of steam by diesel power ______ the railroads? variable cost per ton-mile.
(4) In many situations road and rail transport may be seen as ______ rather than a competitor.
(5) Port and freight station are places where goods are _____from one mode of transport to another.
(6) The main advantage of water transportation is the capacity to move large shipments.
Part III
Exercises:
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1. According to the passage, transport economics is influenced by _______factors.
(A) five (B) six (C) seven (D) eight
2. ______ is a major influence on transportation cost since it directly contribute to variable cost, such as labor, fuel and maintenance.
(A) Product density (B) Stowability (C) Market (D) Distance
3. Items with standard rectangular shapes are much easier to stow ______odd-shaped items
(A) with (B) than (C) to (D) at
4. The bill of lading serves as a receipt and documents commodities and quantities ______.
(A) ship (B) shipped (C) shipping
(D) to ship
5. The multi-modal transport operator (MTO) acts (1) the principal for the performance of the multi-modal transport contract and, in (2) capacity undertakes to contract and provide for the different modes of transport and other services required for expeditious, efficient and safe transport of goods from the place where he takes the goods in charge to the place where he deliver the goods (3) the contract. In the execution of the contract he has necessarily to engage the services of several carriers such as shipowners, road operators, railways, airlines or inland water way operators in addition to non-carriers like terminal operators, warehouses, container freight stations, groupage or consolidation depots, container (4) organizations or freight forwarders.
(1) (A) on (B) as (C) to (D) at
(2) (A) which (B) what (C) that (D) where
(3) (A) according to (B) due to (C) because (D) in addition to
(4) (A) lending (B) borrowing (C) owning (D) leasing
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
Applied , decreases, arrange, delivery, lists, required
(1) Special handling equipment may be for loading or unloading trucks, railcars, or ships.
(2) Transportation cost per unit of weight ________as load volume increases.
(3) The shipping manifest ______ individual stops or consignees when multiple shipments are placed on a single vehicle.
(4) The primary task of forwarding is to ______ international transport of general cargo on behalf of others.
(5) Export rates may reduce total cost if to domestic origin or destination line-haul transport.
(6). In many situations the place of ______ of a cargo may not be known at the time of loading. A typical example is oil.
Answers:
Part I I.1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.CBDC II. (1)mobile (2)relate (3)influenced (4)link (5)consists
(6) infrastructure
Part II I.1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.DBAB II. (1)unique (2)ranks (3)reduced (4)complementary
(5)shifted (6) extremely
Part III I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.BAAC II.(1)required (2)decreases (3)lists (4)arrange (5)applied
(6)delivery
Chapter IV Exercises
Part I
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1.Contract warehousing, which is ______ from the public warehouse segment, provides benefits
of both the private and public alternative.
(A)to evolve (B)evolving (C)develop
(D)development
2. A private warehouse is operated by the firm _______ the product.
(A)owning (B)own (C) have (D) has
3. Public warehouses frequently offer operating and management expertise ______ warehousing is
their core business.
(A)because of (B)since (C)that
(D) which
4. There are contract warehouses capable of _______ total logistics responsibility for enterprises that desire only to manufacture and market.
(A) assume (B) assuming (C) respond
(D) responding
5. The major benefits of private warehousing (1) control, flexibility, cost, and other (2) benefits. Private warehouses provide more control since the enterprise has absolute decision-making authority over all activities and priorities in the facility. This control (3) the ability to integrate warehouse operations with the (4) of the firm?s logistics.
(1) (A) include (B) includes (C) include to (D) is to include to
(2) (A) perception (B) intangible (C) tangible (D) advantage
(3) (A) facilitates (B) available (C) have (D) provide
(4) (A) other (B) that (C) rest (D) all
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
standardized, specialized, combines, substantial, results, application,
(1) Public warehouse operators generally offer relatively _______ service to all clients
(2) A warehouse requires _______ material-handling activities.
(3) Firms with very _______ customers or products are often motivated to develop their own warehouse facilities.
(4) Contract warehousing _______ the best characteristics of both private and public operations.
(5) This ______ in high-volume operations that can spread fixed costs and justify more efficient handling equipment.
(6) ABC analysis is an inventory _______ of what is known as the Pareto Principle.
Part 2
Practice:
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1 _____are utilized in the combination with four-wheel trailers on a continuous power basis.
(A) Forklift truck (B) Towlines (C) Conveyors
(D) Carousels
2. A pallet or slip sheet forms a platform upon _____ master cartons are stacked.
(A) that (B) which (C) where (D) why
3. It is not as economical _______ the towline because it requires greater labor participation and is often idle.
(A) on (B) at (C) such (D) as
4. Typical application _____ selection of individual packages in pack-and repack and service parts operation.
(A) involve (B) involving (C) involves (D) to involve
5. The holding of the inventory is risk with because of the capital's investment and the potential for _(1)__. First, investment for inventory cannot be used _(2)__ other goods or assets that could improve the enterprise performance. Alternatively, funds supporting inventory investment must be borrowed, (3) the firm' s interest expense. A second form of risk is the possibility that the product will be pilfered or become obsolete. These factors and the relative magnitude of assets that are inventory-related contribute substantially to the risk of most enterprises. It is important to understand that the nature and extent of risk vary (4) on an enterprise' s position in the distribution cha nnel.
(1) (A) lack (B) over time (C) obsolescence (D) broken
(2) (A) to obtain (B) get (C) have (D) obtain
(3) (A) rising (B) raising (C) increasing (D) developing
(4) (A) depend (B) to depend (C) depends (D) depending
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
advancements, indicates, merchandise, automated, installation, development
(1) Forklift trucks are most effectively utilized in shipping and receiving, and to place _______ in high cube storage.
(2) Considerable ________ have been made in automated-guided vehicle system.
(3) A series of lights or a “light tree” in front of each pick location _______ the number if items to pick from each location.
(4) A number of _______ decoupling devices have been perfected that route trailers from the main line to selected shipping docks.
(5) In-floor _______ is costly to modify and difficult to maintain from a housekeeping viewpoint.
(6) An exciting and revolutionary technological ______ for managing a firm?s operation is the Internet.
Part III
Exercises:
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1. _____ we may think of service as not having inventory , that is not the case.
(A) since (B) but (C) although (D) so
2. Finished goods inventory is completed awaiting shipment.
(A) cargo (B) goods (C) product (D) things
3. _____ inventory is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running.
(A) WIP (B) MROs (C) ABC analysis (D) JIT
4. It is not realistic to monitor inexpensive items with the same intensity _______ very expensive items.
(A) with (B) so (C) as (D) to
5. E-commerce is revolutionizing the way operations managers achieve (1) efficiencies. Economical collaboration can (2) decision-making and reduce costs. Cost reduction can occur in transaction (3) , purchasing efficiencies, inventory reduction, scheduling, and logistics. Stragglers won?t just be left behind---they will be eliminated. Operations personnel (4) use e-commence to their advantage will overpower their rival.
(1) (A) bigger (B) greater (C) less (D) smaller
(2) (A) improve (B) rise (C) lift (D) increase
(3) (A) working (B) making (C) processing (D) doing
(4) (A) that (B) who (C) which (D) where
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
common, technologies, lack, consideration, benefits, generated,
(1) Scale economies refer to the ability to reduce material-handling and storage cost through application of advanced _______.
(2) The most ______ value-added service relate to packaging.
(3) Operation of early warehouse illustrated the ______ of concern with material-handling principles.
(4) Service ________ gained through warehouses in a logistical system may or may not reduce costs.
(5) Supply requests are ______ as a pick list at the inventory center.
(6) Management of service inventory deserves some special ________
Answers:
Part I: I.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.ABAC II. (1)standardized (2)substantial (3)specialized
(4)combines
(5)results (6)application
Part II: I.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.CABD II.(1)merchandise (2)advancement (3)indicates
(4)automated
(5)installation (6)development
Part III: I.1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.BACA II.(1)technologies (2)common (3)lack (4)consideration
(5)generated (6)benefits
Exercises
Part I
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1.Prior (1) the 1980s, a significant portion of the information flows between functional areas (2) an organization and between logistics organization were paper-based.
(1) (A) in (B) at (C) to√( D) on
(2) (A) within√(B) with (C) in (D) to
2.However, firms that are embarking logistics management initiatives now recognize the vital importance of information and the technologies that make this information available.
(A)on (B)upon√(C)in (D)at
3.Through a of agreements with giant retail customer ,P&G has made a major commitment to the development of dedicated customer teams to handle these major accounts.
(A)lot (B)number (C)serious (D)series√
4.Continuing through the supply chain, P&G orders to its supplier, 3M, indicated the most
of all.
(A)Alternation (B)variability√(C)change (D)difference
5.Several interorganizatonal come into play when addressing information sharing across the logistics.
(A)Dynamics√(B)initiative (C)purpose (D)determinant
II. Put the words or phrases in the box under the correct headings.
III.. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1.phenomenon, impacts, access, objective, distorted,facilitate
(1) Four causes of this .phenomenon,were identified.
(2) In fact, distorted information from one end of logistics to the other can lead to tremendous inefficiencies.
(3) A primary objective of these teams is to facilitate the sharing of information between the firms.
(4) This consolidation impacts the entire supply chain.
(5) Fewer and fewer firms control access to customer trading areas.
2. capabilities, demonstrate, impeded, deliberate, approach, technique
(1) Just-in-time, or JIT, is a philosophy as much as it is a technique.
(2) The conventional approach to meeting customer requirements is based upon some form of statistical inventory control.
(3) This approach also impeded efforts to develop and capitalize on successful interorganizational ventures.
(4) The Wal-Mart and P&G experience demonstrate how information sharing can be utilized for mutual advantage.
(5) However , only as the variety of available information technologies and capabilities began to emerge.
3.transactions, unreliable, accurate, crucial, resources, bullwhip, executives
(1) Timely and accurate information is more critical now than at any time in the history of American business.
(2) Information is a crucial factor in the manager?s abilities to reduce inventory and human resources requirements to a competitive level..
(3) Distorted information throughout the logistics is a common result from what logistics executives at P&G and other organizations have termed the bullwhip effect.
(4) These paper-based transactions and communications were slow, unreliable and error prone.
Part II
I. Match the meanings to their actual explanation
1.order cycle time ( )
2.order status information( )
3.background information( )
4.IOIS ( )
5.documentation quality ( )
6.business systems planning ( )
A . Interorganizational Information System
B. Time from customer order to delivery. Standards should be defined against customer?s stated requirements.
C. Procedures or hot line for informing customers of potential problems on stock availability or delivery.
D. Identification of problems and decisions associated with an organizational process and determines what information is needed to address them.
E. The error rate on invoices, delivery notes and other customer communications, and also the documentation “user friendly” is necessary.
F. Information required by decision makers in the member organizations to effectively and
efficiently perform their roles within the logistics.
II. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1.The participants indicated that current approaches used to share information internally, and with suppliers and customers, are in themselves to improving cycle-time performance..
A. detest
B. detach
C. detersive
D. deterrents√
2.Clearly, the main point of for improving cycle-time performance across the supply chain was “informating”.
A. leverage √
B. letup
C. liable
D. legal
3.A (1) theme in the cycle-time problems discussed by the participating organizations was a critical (2) of information.
(1)A. recurrence B. recurring √ C. repeated D. recycle
(2)A. lacking B. wanting C. lack √ D. shortage
4.To the information process, the research team decided to explore the development of an IOIS.
A. facilitate √
B. push
C. implement
D. enhance
5.This is not valid.
A. assurance
B. suppose
C. assumption √
D. assuring
III. Read this articles about the logistics information system. Are this statements true(T) or false(F)?
Increasingly, it seems that successful companies have one thing in common—their use of information and information technology (IT) to achieve quick response. Information systems are re-shaping the organization and also the nature of the linkages between organizations. Information has always been central to the efficient management of logistics but now, enabled by technology, it is providing the driving force for competitive logistics strategy.
We are now starting to see the emergence of integrated logistics system that link the operations of the business, such as production and distribution, with the supplier?s operations on the one hand and the customer on the other. These systems are often referred to generically as Enterprise Planning Systems or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Already it is the case that companies can literally link the replenishment of product in the marketplace with their upstream operations and those of their suppliers through the use of shared information. The use of these systems has the potential to convert supply chains into demand chains in the sense that the system can now respond to known demand rather than having to anticipate that demand through a forecast.
1. Because of the good linkages between organizations, a logistics enterprise can response quickly.( )
2.The efficient management of logistics mainly depends on the IT system.( )
3.Production scheduling is the driving force of the competitive logistics strategy. ( )
4. Production and distribution are the emergence of integrated logistics system. ( )
5. The use of shared information enable the logistics company to convert supply chains into
demand chains. ( )
6.Responding to known demand will be more efficient than having to anticipate that demand through a forecast. ( )
Part III
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1. Today , a laptop computer weighing 5 pounds exceeds all of the power of an old mainframe by several order s of .
A. capacity
B. magnitude √
C. volume
D. content
3. The of new telecommunications and computer technology has also made real-time, on-line communications throughout the entire logistics a reality.
A. increase
B. inflation
C. raise
D. proliferation√
4.One of the major of traditional logistics is the lack of
planning between logistics partners.
A. weakness √
B. defect
C. fault
D. falling
A. collaboration
B. collaborative √
C. collaborationism
D. corporation
5.Many organizations are some form of IOIS.
A. accomplish
B.implementing √
C. enforce
D. complete
6.What makes these systems so important is the caused by inaccurate forecasts.
A. instability √
B. wavy
C. volatility
D. unsteadiness
II. Match the meanings to their actual explanation
1.Global inventory management
2.Intercompany information access
3.Total logistics management
4.Global sourcing
5.Data capture
6.Data interchange
A. consolidation of the purchasing function across organizational lines, facilitating leverage and component standardization across business units.
B. integrating all transportation ordering and manufacturing system.
C. ability to locate and track the movement of every item.
D. between affiliates and nonaffiliated through standard telecommunications channels.
E. ability to acquire data about an order at the point of origin, and to track products during movement and as their characteristics change.
F. clarity of production and demand information residing in organizations both upstream and downstream throughout the value chain.
III. Complete the missing information of the following form of the “Functions of a logistics informati on system” with the given phrases.
D. system performance
E. internal data
F. customer order status
G. production scheduling
H. inventory availability
I. carrier performance
Part IV
I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:
1.How to best value from information technology resources is a major challenge facing both business and IT manager.
A. wring
B. distortions
C. extract
D. extort√
2.The development of software applications to logistics management is currently a hotbed of activity, promising continued growth into the future.
A. relevant
B. applicable
C. significant
D. pertinent√
3. This software provides an end-to-end enterprise resource planning solution .incorporating the most advanced supply chain planning available.
A. capabilities √
B. abilities
C. fitness
D. competency
4. EDI improves productivity through faster information transmission as well as reduced information entry .
A. reduplicate
B. redundant
C. redundancy √
D. redundantly
5.The great advantage of this approach was that it made the internet virtually .
A. undeserved
B. indestructible √
C. indistinct
D. indestructive
II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:
1.profitable, potential , maintenance, utilized, tremendously
A.EDI is also tremendously beneficial in counteracting the bullwhip effect described earlier in this chapter.
B. The Internet offers tremendous potential for logistics members to share information in a timely and cost-effective manner.
C.GE is now the most profitable U.S. company from the electronic commerce.
D. Electronic commerce i s the term used to describe the wide range of tools and techniques utilized to conduct business in paperless environment.
E. In the development and maintenance of the logistics? information systems, both hardware and software must be addressed.
2. significant, meld, numerous, exaggerations, replenishment
1.GE will also release software to meld traditional EDI with the Internet,
2.Electronic commerce is having a significant effect on how organizations conduct business.
3.The benefit of EDI are numerous .
4.They have implemented EDI to support their continuous replenishment program with many of their customers.
5.Through the use of EDI, logistics partners can overcome the distortions and exaggerations in supply and demand information.
3.scanning, legacy, maintained, coupon, sponsored
https://www.doczj.com/doc/258714700.html,anizations adopt distributed computing architectures while they leverage their isolated legacy systems.
2.In most cases, a data warehouse is a consolidated database maintained separately from an organization?s produc tion system database.
3.Separate production systems may track sales and coupon mailings.
4.The Internet was an initiative sponsored by the U.S> Department of Defense.
5.Bar coding and electronic scanning are identification technologies that facilitate information collection and exchange.
物流方面的英语专业术语、组织名称中英对照 第一节基本概念术语 1 article 物品 2 logistics 物流 3 logistics activity 物流活动 4 logistics operation 物流作业 5 logistics modulus 物流模数 6 logistics technology 物流技术 7 logistics cost 物流成本 8 logistics management 物流管理 9 logistics center 物流中心10 logistics network 物流网络11 logistics information 物流信息12 logistics enterprise 物流企业13 logistics documents 物流单证14 logistics alliance 物流联盟15 supply logistics 供应物流16 production logistics 生产物流17 distribution logistics 销售物流 18 returned logistics 回收物流 19 waste material logistics 废弃物物流 20 environmental logistics 绿色物流 21 internal logistics 企业物流22 external logistics 社会物流23 military logistics 军事物流24 international logistics 国际物流 25 Third Part Logistics (TPL) 第三方物流 26 customized logistics 定制物流27 virtual logistics 虚拟物流 28 value-added logistics service 增值物流服务 29 supply chain 供应链30 bar code 条码 31 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换 32 tangible loss 有形损耗33 intangible loss 无形损耗 二、物流作业术语 34 transportation 运输35 combined transport 联合运输36 throuth transport 直达运输37 transfer transport 中转运输 38 drop and pull transport 甩挂运输 39 containerized transport 集装运输 40 container transport 集装箱运输41 door-to-door 门到门42 door to cy 门到场43 door to cfs 门到站 44 Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货 45 Less-than Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货46 storing 储存47 storage 保管48 article reserves 物品储存49 inventory 库存50 cycle stock 经常库存51 safety stock 安全库存52 inventory cycle time 库存周期
基础英语写作与考试相关的练习答案 Page 38 III. 1. uninterested 2. childish 3. envious 4. inexpensive 5. homely 6. decline 7. surprised; slim 8. stout 9. modest 10. every; each 11. attempted 12. sympathy 13. notorious 14. elderly; lady Page 40 V. 1. rained: metaphor 2. like disease: simile 3. defaced: personification 4. trembling: personification 5. angry: personification 6. Force, Reason: metonymy 7. like cows: simile; eat straw, produce milk: metaphor 8. roast duck: metonymy 9. to the skies: overstatement 10. clear and clean: alliteration 11. tongue: synecdoche 12. fertile soil: metaphor
Page 72 I 1. periodic 2. loose 3. period 4. loose 5. loose 6. loose 7. periodic 8. periodic 9. balanced 10. (1) periodic; (2)-(5) balanced Page 75 IV 1.The meeting started at ten o’clock and she began to speak. She spoke very fast. 2.Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known British playwrights of the 20th century. 3.The houses were mere shanties with rags stuffed in the cracks and holes. 4.On the train I read the novel, which did not interest me at all. 5.We later learnt that the well-dressed man who admitted us to the house was a thief. 6.The policemen helped me to find some important documents which I had lost three day before. 7.A saleswoman greeted us when we entered the shop. We saw all kinds of shoes on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable. A lot of customers were buying them.
第一章 1．设计现代OS的主要目标是什么？ 答：（1）有效性（2）方便性（3）可扩充性（4）开放性 4．试说明推劢多道批处理系统形成和収展的主要劢力是什么？ 答：主要动力来源于四个方面的社会需求与技术发展： （1）不断提高计算机资源的利用率； （2）方便用户； （3）器件的不断更新换代； （4）计算机体系结构的不断发展。 12．试从交互性、及时性以及可靠性方面，将分时系统不实时系统迚行比较。答：（1）及时性：实时信息处理系统对实时性的要求与分时系统类似，都是以人所能接受的等待时间来确定；而实时控制系统的及时性，是以控制对象所要求的开始截止时间或完成截止时间来确定的，一般为秒级到毫秒级，甚至有的要低于100微妙。 （2）交互性：实时信息处理系统具有交互性，但人与系统的交互仅限于访问系统中某些特定的专用服务程序。不像分时系统那样能向终端用户提供数据和资源共享等服务。 （3）可靠性：分时系统也要求系统可靠，但相比之下，实时系统则要求系统具有高度的可靠性。因为任何差错都可能带来巨大的经济损失，甚至是灾难性后果，所以在实时系统中，往往都采取了多级容错措施保障系统的安全性及数据的安全性。 13．OS有哪几大特征？其最基本的特征是什么？ 答：并发性、共享性、虚拟性和异步性四个基本特征；最基本的特征是并发性。 第二章 2. 画出下面四条诧句的前趋图: S1=a：=x+y; S2=b：=z+1; S3=c：=a –b；S4=w：=c+1; 8．试说明迚程在三个基本状态之间转换的典型原因。 答：（1）就绪状态→执行状态：进程分配到CPU资源 （2）执行状态→就绪状态：时间片用完 （3）执行状态→阻塞状态：I/O请求 （4）阻塞状态→就绪状态：I/O完成
杜甫诗三首提高题及练习题答案杜甫诗三首提高题及练习题答案 《诗三首》训练提高 1。给下列划线的字注音、释义： 塞上风云（）急暮砧（）群山万壑（）朔漠（） 青冢（）省识（）渚清（）霜鬓（） 2。赏析下面，说说划线在诗中表达的深意。 （1）丛菊两开他日泪（2）群山万壑赴荆门 （3）一去紫台连朔漠（4）独留青冢向黄昏 答：______________________________________________________。 3．律诗讲求对仗。试运用你掌握的知识，分析《登高》在对仗上的特点。 答：______________________________________________________。 4．近体诗讲究押韵，找出《咏怀古迹（其三）》诗中押韵的字，说说律诗在押韵上有什么特点？ 答：______________________________________________________。 5．律诗的基本章法是：四句为一层，前后共两层。例《阁夜》：前一层写秋夜江景；后一层咏卧龙跃马。试照此形式归纳这三首诗前后两层的大意，体会杜甫律诗章法的严密。
（1）《秋兴八首》（其一）：________________________________ （2）《咏怀古迹》（其三）：__________________________________ （3）《登高》：_____________________________________________ 6．学诗，诵读是必不可少的方法，而且要经常自觉地积累这方面的体会。下面是一位同学介绍自己朗读《登高》的心得，你对其有什么看法？ （1）诗首联写俯仰所见所闻，一连出现六个特写镜头，渲染了秋江景物的特点，读时节奏感要强，注意表现整个画面的气氛。“猿”、“鸟”二字语气加重，读音适当拉长。 （2）颔联写远望所见，要读得气势开阔，有包容宇宙之意，“无边落木”“不尽长江”二语要一气读出，“木”“江”二字要适当延长，有余韵。 （3）颈联上句写长年飘泊之苦，上联“万里”、下联“百年”要重读，以加重悲苦情绪。这一联形象地概括了诗人后半生的生活状况，由沉吟往事说到今日登台之举，基调是愤恨的，宜急速读出。 （4）尾联“艰难苦恨”一语紧承上联，而后以白发增多、酒杯新停轻轻结住全诗，含无限凄凉意于言外，应读得更加缓慢、沉重，让听者仔细体味诗人此刻百感交集的心态。 7．请根据注释，认真研读《咏怀古迹五首（其二）》，然后回答问题： 摇落深知宋玉悲①，风流儒雅②亦吾师。 怅望千秋一洒泪，萧条异代不同时③。
物流专业英语词汇大全-物流英语-物流专业英语-物 流英语词汇表 一、物流英语的145个专业词汇
二、常用物流英语50句 1.Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2.Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4.Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc.
物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。 8.Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。 9.Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.. 物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。 10.Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是独特的，它从不停止。 11.Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。 12.Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. 物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。 13.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
《杜甫诗三首》练习题 一、基础知识的积累 1．按要求默写诗句： (1)孔子有句名言“登泰山而小天下”，《望岳》中有一句与之意思相近的诗句是 ，。 (2)《春望》一诗中作者移情于物、抒发感时伤世的情感的诗句是： (3)《石壕吏》中表明老妇人被抓走的诗句是：，。 (4)《石壕吏》哪句话写出了官吏的凶狠。2．默写： (1)造化钟神秀，。(2) ，一览众山小。 (3)国破山河在，。(4) ，浑欲不胜簪。 (5)夜久语声绝，。(6) ，老妇出门看。 3．对下列各诗句划分节奏正确的一项是( ) A．荡胸生/层云，决眦入/鸣B．烽火连/三月，家书抵/万金 C．吏呼/一何怒 D．二男/新战/死 4．下面各句中书写与全文不相符的一项是( ) A．岱宗夫如何？齐鲁青未了。 B．感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。 C．室中更无人，唯有乳下孙。 D．天明登前途，独与老翁别 5．文学常识判断正确的一项是( ) A．《石壕吏》是一首唐诗，其作者与《马说》的作者被后人同列入“唐宋八大家”。 B．《石壕吏》虽然抨击的是石壕吏凶暴气焰和冷酷无情，但作者的用意是借此揭露整个封建统治的罪恶。 C．《春望》中“三月”并非实指，借“三”极言战争时间拖得久 D．《望岳》中“造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓”前一句写泰山秀美，用的是实笔，后一句写泰山的高大，用的是虚笔。 6．下面加横线的字解释有错误的是( ) A．老翁逾墙走(越过) B．一男附书至(书写) C．二男新战死(最近) D．急应河阳役(应征) 7．文学常识填空： (1)杜甫是唐朝著名诗人，他与合称为“李杜”，是现实主义诗人，他的《石壕吏》与、一起合称为“三吏”，其 中诗是作者在早年时期的作品。 (2)《春夜喜雨》也是杜甫的名作，诗中，这二句为后人沿袭赋予它特殊的含义。你还会杜甫的其它诗句吗？请写二句： 二、教材探究 1．《春望》中写尽诗人心系亲人的诗句是哪句？
物流专业英语期中测试（一） I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points) 1. 原材料11. logistics channel 2. 产成品12. electronic data interchange 3. 战略管理13. direct procurement 4. 售后服务14. transport facilities 5. 条形码15. information flow 6. 利润率16. value-added services 7. 物资运送17. supply chain management 8. 通用产品代码18. warehousing 9. 电子商务19. multinational companie 10. 数据处理20. just-in-time delivery II. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points) ( ) 21. Logistics information management is defined as the information processing of collecting, reconciling, communicating, storage and utilizing of all the information generated from logistics operations. ( ) 22. A third-party logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick-ups and deliveries, whereas in-house transportation can have the same function. ( ) 23. According to a narrow definition, logistics information means the information related to the logistics activities, such as transportation, storage, package, distribution processing
Suggested Answers for The Yellow Ribbon ” -by Pete Hamill (P . 210) 1. Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back. 2. b 3. a 4. B 5. Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation. Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation/' 6. Examples of Vingo's being honorable: He doesnrt express any self-pity about being in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom. 7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street Other transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick 8. But if she didn't... 9. Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience. 10. The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously. We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home. The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely. P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson 1. d 2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society. 3. According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patiencce. 4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension 6. B 7. 7. To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit 8. D 9. The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved. Supporting Point 1: Pw 曲 raph(s) SiLipfMP< 2; Psi raj 1 rupb(sl Slipporlirtg IFint 3： Paragruphtsj SupFR/Hr% l\jhU 4； Supporling Pohm W Piimp rnph*i Ctiiicliisiuri: Pumgruph: Mm
第一章 1 ．设计现代OS 的主要目标是什么？ 答：（1）有效性（2）方便性（3）可扩充性（4）开放性 2 ．OS 的作用可表现在哪几个方面？ 答：（1）OS作为用户与计算机硬件系统之间的接口 （2）OS 作为计算机系统资源的管理者 （3）OS 实现了对计算机资源的抽象 4 ．试说明推动多道批处理系统形成和发展的主要动力是什么？答：主要动力来源于四个方面的社会需求与技术发展： （1）不断提高计算机资源的利用率； （2）方便用户； （3）器件的不断更新换代； （4）计算机体系结构的不断发展。 7 ．实现分时系统的关键问题是什么？应如何解决？答：关键问题是当用户在自己的终端上键入命令时，系统应能及时接收并及时处理该命令，在用户能接受的时延内将结果返回给用户。 解决方法：针对及时接收问题，可以在系统中设置多路卡，使主机能同时接收用户从各个终端上输入的数据；为每个终端配置缓冲区，暂存用户键入的命令或数据。针对及时处理问题，应使所有的用户作业都直接进入内存，并且为每个作业分配一个时间片，允许作业只在自己的时间片内运行，这样在不长的时间内，能使每个作业都运行一次。 12 ．试从交互性、及时性以及可靠性方面，将分时系统与实时系统进行比较。 答：（ 1 ）及时性：实时信息处理系统对实时性的要求与分时系统类似，都是以人所能接受的等待时间来确定；而实时控制系统的及时性，是以控制对象所要求的开始截止时间或完成截止时间来确定的，一般为秒级到毫秒级，甚至有的要低于100 微妙。 （2）交互性：实时信息处理系统具有交互性，但人与系统的交互仅限于访问系统中某些特定的专用服务程序。不像分时系统那样能向终端用户提供数据和资源共享等服务。 （3）可靠性：分时系统也要求系统可靠，但相比之下，实时系统则要求系统具有高度 的可靠性。因为任何差错都可能带来巨大的经济损失，甚至是灾难性后果，所以在实时系统中，往往都采取了多级容错措施保障系统的安全性及数据的安全性。 13 ．OS 有哪几大特征？其最基本的特征是什么？答：并发性、共享性、虚拟性和异步性四个基本特征；最基本的特征是并发性。
《xx诗三首》情境式默写练习及答案 1.《xx八首》（其一） 1-1.《秋兴八首（其一）》用双关手法，情景交融抒发故园之思的句子是，。 （江间波浪兼天涌塞上风云接地阴） 1-2.《秋兴八首（其一）》以枫叶凋零、秋气萧瑟寄寓诗人凄苦落寞情怀的诗句是，。（玉露凋伤枫树林巫山巫峡气萧森） 1-3.《秋兴八首（其一）》以秋天长江和塞上风云为喻，表现时局动荡不安、国家命运黯淡的诗句是，。（江间波浪兼天涌塞上风云接地阴） 1-4.《秋兴八首（其一）》借捣衣的声音来寄托思乡之情的诗句是，。（寒衣处处催刀尺白帝城高急暮砧） 1-5.《秋兴八首》（其一）中“，”两句，写由秋天景物触动羁旅情思。作者从云安到夔州苦苦挣扎了两年，孤舟不发，见丛菊再开，不禁再度流泪，心总牵挂着故园。写得深沉含蓄，耐人寻味。身在夔州，心系故园。（丛菊两开他日泪孤舟一系故园心） 1-6.《秋兴八首》（其一）中“，”两句，在时序推移中叙写秋声。傍晚时分天气更是萧瑟寒冷，冬日即将来临，人们在加紧赶制寒衣，白帝城高高的城楼上，晚风中传来急促的砧声，抒发了客子强烈的羁旅之情。（寒衣处处催刀尺白帝城高急暮砧） 2.《咏怀古迹五首》（其三） 2-1.《咏怀古迹》运用悲戚的想象，表现昭君的怨恨之情、思乡之情以及人生悲剧根源的句子是， 。（画图省识春风xx归夜月魂） 2-2.《咏怀古迹》中运用拟人，借山水形象蓄势，用以烘托昭君形象的诗句是，。（群山万壑赴荆门生长明妃尚有村）
2-3.《咏怀古迹》借远嫁塞外的女子的乡土之思，吐露诗人自己飘零的故园之情的诗句是，。（千载琵琶作胡语分明怨恨曲中论）2-4.《咏怀古迹》中凝练地写尽昭君一生悲剧的句子是，。（一去紫台连朔漠独留青冢向黄昏） 2-5. 3.《登高》 3-1.《登高》由高到低，写诗人所见所闻，渲染秋江景物特点的句子是，。（风急天高猿啸哀渚清沙白鸟飞回） 3-2.《登高》道出郁积诗人心中自身苦和国运恨，无限悲凉难以排遣的句子是，。（万里悲秋常作客百年多病独登台） 3-3.《登高》中诗人远离故乡，又处暮年，表达羁旅之愁和孤独之感的句子是，。（万里悲秋常作客百年多病独登台） 3-4.《登高》借落叶和江水来抒发光阴易逝、壮志难酬的感伤的句子是， 。（无边落木xx下不尽xx滚滚来） 3-5.杜甫《登高》中集中表现夔州秋天的典型特征，渲染秋江景物特点的句子是，。 （风急天高猿啸xx白鸟飞回） 3-6.杜甫一生失意，常陷入病痛孤独之境，《登高》一诗对此都有直接描述，这些句子是：，。（万里悲秋常作客百年多病独登台） 3-7.写远望所见，用传神之笔描写凄冷江色和长江气势的句子是： ，。（无边落木xx下不尽xx滚滚来） 3-8.xx在《登高》中发出： “，”的感慨，抒发了漂泊异乡．年老体衰的惆怅之情，也蕴含着与生命的衰弱顽强抗争的精神。
A NSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10 1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. 4. b. 2) chocolate bars 3) Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18–20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.
物流专业英语试卷 一、Translation(30分) 1．Container transport 2．International freight forwarding agent 3．Order cycle time 4．Inventory turnover 5．Environmental logistics 6．Carrying cost 7．Material handling 8．Demand forecasting 9．Reverse logistics 10．Agile logistics 11．Third-party logistics 12．Initial investment 13．Warehouse facility 14．Material procurement 15．Point of consumption 16．多式联运 17．分销渠道 18．条码 19．订单处理 20．保税仓库 21．前置期 22．叉车 23．门到门 24．准时制物流 25．拣选 26．提货单 27．发货区 28．进口税 29．规模经济 30．供应链整合 二、Translate the sentences into Chinese(40分) 1、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place, in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.
第3章处理机调度1）选择题 （1）在分时操作系统中，进程调度经常采用_D_ 算法。 A. 先来先服务 B. 最高优先权 C. 随机 D. 时间片轮转 （2）_B__ 优先权是在创建进程时确定的，确定之后在整个进程运行期间不再改变。 A. 作业 B. 静态 C. 动态 D. 资源 （3）__A___ 是作业存在的惟一标志。 A. 作业控制块 B. 作业名 C. 进程控制块 D. 进程名 （4）设有四个作业同时到达，每个作业的执行时间均为2小时，它们在一台处理器上按单道方式运行，则平均周转时间为_ B_ 。 A. l小时 B. 5小时 C. 2.5小时 D. 8小时 （5）现有3个同时到达的作业J1、J2和J3，它们的执行时间分别是T1、T2和T3，且T1＜T2＜T3。系统按单道方式运行且采用短作业优先算法，则平均周转时间是_C_ 。 A. T1+T2+T3 B. (T1+T2+T3)/3 C. (3T1+2T2+T3)/3 D. (T1+2T2+3T3)/3 （6）__D__ 是指从作业提交给系统到作业完成的时间间隔。 A. 运行时间 B. 响应时间 C. 等待时间 D. 周转时间 （7）下述作业调度算法中，_ C_调度算法与作业的估计运行时间有关。 A. 先来先服务 B. 多级队列 C. 短作业优先 D. 时间片轮转 2）填空题 （1）进程的调度方式有两种，一种是抢占(剥夺)式，另一种是非抢占(非剥夺)式。 （2）在_FCFS_ 调度算法中，按照进程进入就绪队列的先后次序来分配处理机。 （3）采用时间片轮转法时，时间片过大，就会使轮转法转化为FCFS_ 调度算法。 （4）一个作业可以分成若干顺序处理的加工步骤，每个加工步骤称为一个_作业步_ 。 （5）作业生存期共经历四个状态，它们是提交、后备、运行和完成。 （6）既考虑作业等待时间，又考虑作业执行时间的调度算法是_高响应比优先____ 。 3）解答题 （1）单道批处理系统中有4个作业，其有关情况如表3-9所示。在采用响应比高者优先调度算法时分别计算其平均周转时间T和平均带权周转时间W。（运行时间为小时，按十进制计算） 表3-9 作业的提交时间和运行时间
杜甫诗三首的习题和答案 杜甫诗三首的习题： 一、积累与运用 1．给下列加粗的字注音。 决眦（）老妪（）不胜簪（） 泣幽咽（）邺（）城戍（）青未了（） 2．解释下列诗句中加粗的词。 （1）决眦入归鸟（）（2）浑欲不胜簪（）（3）老翁逾墙走（）（4）犹得备晨炊（）（5）吏呼一何怒（）（6）死者长已矣（） 3．阅读《春望》，根据提示填空。
（1）表现长安春日满目凄凉、传达出诗人忧国伤时之情的语句是： （2）写战火连绵，久盼家音，抒发千古以来战争中人们共同感受的名句： （3）诗人刻画自身形象，抒发忧国念家悲愁的语句是： 4．根据你对《望岳》这首诗的理解，完成下面的填空。 （1）借齐鲁大地烘托泰山拔地而起、参天耸立的形象的语句是： （2）虚实结合，表现泰山秀美、高大的语句是： （3）表现泰山高峻、幽深的语句是： （4）既是攀登泰山极顶的誓言，又是攀登人生顶峰的誓言（表现作者志向高远、坚定）的语句是： 5．阅读《石壕吏》，根据提示填空。
《石壕吏》中表明捕吏凶暴、老妇凄苦的语句是： ____________________________ 表明老妇家遇不幸、亲子战死，揭露战争罪恶的语是：____________________________ 表明家无壮男，凄婉可怜的语句是： ____________________________ 表明战争给家庭带来的不幸与困苦的语句有： ____________________________ 6．根据诗意，用“/”给下列诗句划分节奏。 （1）国破山河在，城春草木深。 （2）造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。 （3）存者且偷生，死者长已矣。 7．巍巍五岳，举世闻名。
物流管理logistics management 客户服务customer service 物资搬运material handling 零配件和服务支持parts and service support 工厂及仓库选址factory and warehouse site selection 存货管理inventory management 订单处理order processing 需求预测demand forecasting 退货处理return goods handling 逆向物流reverse logistics 产出点point of origin 消费点point of consumption 物流成本logistics cost 销售损失lost sales 退货处理成本cost of return goods handling 潜在的销售potential sales 运输成本transportation cost 进货渠道inbound channel 出货渠道outbound channel 订单处理成本order processing cost 需求预测deman forecast 销售沟通distribution communications 电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange (EDI) 卫星数据传输satellite data transmission 条码bar coding 内部成本internal cost 外部成本external cost 订单传输order transmittal 订单输入order entry 批量成本lot quantity cost 缺货stock-out 库存成本inventory carrying/ holding cost 资金成本capital cost 仓储空间成本storage space cost 风险成本risk cost 供应链supply chain 供应链管理supply chain management 核心能力core competency 人力资源human resources 供应链整合supply chain integration 物资采购material procurement 最终用户end customer 货物流product flow 信息流information flow
美国大学英语写作课后习 题答案 Last revision on 21 December 2020
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210) 1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back. 2. b 3. a 4. B 5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation. Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.” 6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom. 7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street Other transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick 8.But if she didn’t... 9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience. 10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously. We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home. The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely. the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson 1. d 2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society. 3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.” 4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension 6. B 7. 8. To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit 9.D 10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved. to Be Different: by Camille Lewis c 2. a 3. D 4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident: female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships 5. Brain anatomy Ways of interacting with the world Ways of problem solving