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词类转译法Conversion

词类转译法Conversion
词类转译法Conversion

翻译技巧4词类转译法

英语与汉语的一个显著差异:

英语呈静态;汉语呈动态

从词汇用法上,英语中常用抽象名词、动词的同源名词、同源形容词、副词及介词等来表达动态含义。而汉语的动词由于无形态变化,若要表示动作意义,往往只能采用动词。

Don’t believe him.You should know he is a good kidder.不要相信他。你应该知道他很会骗人的。I’m doubtful whether he is still alive.我怀疑他是否还活着。

Mother is on the telephone with father.母亲与父亲在通话。

一、词类的转译

(一)英语名词的转译

1.英语名词—〉汉语动词

nominalization)成为英语使用中的普遍现象,构成了静态为主的语言特征。而汉名词化(nominalization

语是逻辑性语言,不受动词形态变化的约束,使用较多的动词,形成了明显的动态优势。英译汉的过程就是在译文中强化原文动态色彩的过程,常常需要英语名词转换成汉语动词。

(1)具有动作意义的名词(action nouns)

例1.I’m convinced that China’s WTO membership will do more contributions to the development of global economy.

我坚信中国加入WTO将会对全球经济发展做出更大贡献。

例2.Parents’love of children is perfect and minute.(n.+of)

父母爱子女无微不至。

English.(n.+of短语)

例3.There is no shortcut to the mastery of English

掌握英语无捷径。

(2)有些与感官动词(see,hear,think,know等)相联系的名词(sight,sound,glance,view, knowledge等)通常转译成动词。

例1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我的心里充满特别的向往之情。

例2.Some knowledge about the structure and history of Chinese is helpful for the study of the language.

了解一下汉字的结构和发展史,对学习汉语是有帮助的。

(3)某些由动词作词根+er/or构成的名词,当它不表示个人的职业,而具有较强的动作意义时,可将其转译为动词。

例1.Professor Wang was the instructor of our experiment.王教授指导我们做实验。

例2.He is a good eater and a good sleeper

sleeper.他能吃能睡。

例3.Those photos served as a reminder of my childhood.那些照片使我想起了童年。

例4.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

恐怕我不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得更好。

(4)构成动词短语的中心名词

have a look,have a glance at,have a love for,take care of,take notice of,pay attention to,make use of,give approval to等

例1.He had a good knowledge of chemistry.他精通化学。

stop.

例2.Please don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a full stop

在车没有完全停稳之前,请不要上下车。

(5)由弱化的动词结构there be+名词也能表达动态含义

As Shanghai becomes increasingly congested and polluted,there has been a growing realization that action is needed to tackle these problems.

随着上海变得越来越拥挤,污染问题日益严重,人们更加意识到需要采取行动来解决这些

问题。

2.英语名词—〉汉语的形容词

形容词派生来的名词

例1.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.

我们深信这一政策是正确的,并决定继续奉行这一政策。

例2.Australian guests are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the airport.

澳大利亚客人对于我们在机场所给予的盛大热情的接待,深表感谢。

3.英语名词—〉汉语的副词

The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers.

会上,代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。

(二)英语形容词的转译

1.英语形容词—〉汉语的动词

(1)由动词派生来的形容词,尤其以-able,-ible为后缀的形容词动作意义明显

work---workable

avail---available

convert---convertible

apply---applicable

dispose---disposable

这类形容词使用频率高,能贴切地体现出汉语的动词意义.。译为“可……”,“适合…..”

dismissible,so don’t take it to heart.她的话无足轻重,不要太往心里去。

例1What she said is dismissible

不相容。Water is incompatible with fire.

例2水火不相容

例3The State Department’s top-ranking Asian specialist said Monday that China’s opening to the West is a helpful policy that should be encouraged by close ties with the United States.

国务院最高级的亚洲问题专家星期一说,中国向西方开放的政策是一项好政策,应该通过加强中国同美国的关系来加以鼓励。

(2)表示心理活动和状态的形容词(confident,certain,angry,aware,optimistic,anxious,guilty, delighted,reluctant等)

例1.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

持乐观的态度。

例2.对中美关系的未来我持乐观的态度

I’m very optimistic about the future development of Sino-US relations.

(3)以-ed,-ing结尾的形容词常与be动词或其他弱化动词连用,具有明显的动态特征

excited/enlightening/pushing/relieved/determined/rewarding/embarrassing/well-intentioned等

松了一口气。

例1知道他已经安全地到达美国,我终于松了一口气

Knowing that he had arrived in the US safely,I was greatly relieved.

例2Saud was a frustrated man at that time.

沙特那时已受挫折。

2.英语形容词—〉汉语的名词

hypocritical.我们大家认为他是一个十足的伪君子。

例1.Most of us think him very hypocritical

flexible,and can do a greater variety of jobs.

例2Computers are more flexible

计算机的灵活性较大,因此,能做更多不同的工作。

3.英语形容词—〉汉语的副词

例1.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.

目前,我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大增加。

例2She was concentrating herself too thoroughly---what she did really required less mental and

physical strain.

她的注意力集中得过分了——她做这工作,精神上肉体上都用不着那样紧张的。

例3.We must make full use of the natural resources available.

我们应当充分利用现有的自然资源。

(三)英语动词的转译

1.英语动词—〉汉语的名词

例1.Quick decision characterized him.当机立断是他的特点。

例2.Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。

例3.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.

气体和固体的区别在于气体的可压缩性比固体的大。

2.英语动词—〉汉语的副词

例Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface,but as they are unseen we tend to underestimate them.

地下水的储量比地表水大得多,但是由于看不见,人们往往会低估地下水的储量。

(四)英语中副词的转译

1.英语副词—〉汉语的形容词

当英语中的动词转译成汉语的名词时,修饰动词的副词一般便转译为形容词。

例:Independent observers have commented favourably on the achievements you have made in this direction.

有独到见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。

2.英语副词—〉汉语的名词

某些由名词派生的副词,可转译为汉语的名词。

例1.Such details must be dimensionally correct.这类零件的尺寸必须准确。

例2.There seems to be no other competitive techniques which can measure range as well or as rapidly as can a laser.

就测量的精度和速度而言,似乎还没有其他技术能与激光相比。

3.英语副词—〉汉语的动词

例1:As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.

他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。

例2.我姐姐等我呢,我得走了。

I must be off now,for my sister is expecting me.

(五)介词的转译

1.英语介词—〉汉语的动词

英语中有不少介词,如:about,of,for,by,in,past,over,around,across,through,with,against, above等,都具有较强的动词意味,汉译时可转译为动词。

例1.He invited me to his house for lunch.他邀请我去他家吃午饭。

例2.他不求名不求利。He is after neither fame nor fortune.

例3.We talked on over fresh tea.我们一边喝新泡的茶,一边继续聊。

例4.Out of all the glorious tales written about the US revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.

读遍了关于美国为摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事,也很难了解到第一个为美国独立而牺牲的原来是黑人。

2.be+介词词组—〉汉语动词结构

例1.The shop is on business24hours a day.这家商店24小时都营业。

例2.他又遇到了麻烦。He is in trouble again.

例3.That failure gave me a heavy blow and I was at a loss about my future in the following days.

那次失败使我受到很大打击,在接下来的一段时间里,我对自己的前途感到很迷茫。

3.英语介词短语—〉形容词

例A man of talent is usually honest and modest.

有本领的人往往老老实实。

二、句子成分的转译

由于各类词都具有自身的语法功能,在进行词类转译时,其语法功能往往也就随之而改变了。

因此,其充当句子中的成分也就随之而改变了。

例1Thousands of Chinese overseas have asked to be permitted to return to China,but they have met with all sorts of unreasonable obstacles,which have prevented them from returning to their motherland.

成千上万的中国侨民要求回国,但受到种种无理阻挠,以致不能回到祖国。

例2.On these issues,Stalin was subjective and one-sided.

斯大林在这个问题上,陷入了主观性和片面性。

翻译技巧4课后练习

翻译下列句子,注意斜体字的词类转译。

1.She felt the need of a breath of fresh air and a drink of water,but did not venture to stir.

她感到需要吸些新鲜空气,喝些水,但是她不敢动。

2.He found some difficulties to design a power plant without an electronic computer.

他感到没有电子计算机,要设计一座电厂是困难的。

3.A well-dressed man,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car.

一个穿着讲究的人上了车,他外表和谈吐都像个美国人。

4.He was a voracious reader,spending much of his days and evenings devouring books.

他读起书来,不分昼夜,废寝忘食。

5.The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of the international law.

使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。

P69

1.我想更多地了解美国的情况。

I would like to know more about the United States.

2.中国足球的落后状态必须改变。

The backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed.

3.总之,就全国范围来说,我们一定能够逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。

In short,taking the country as a whole,we are confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas.

4.掌握英语无捷径。

There is no shortcut to the mastery of English.(n.+of短语)

5.教材不按时送到就会打乱我们的教学计划。

Any delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.

6.我刚来,对这里的环境还不熟悉。

I’m a new comer,so I’m not familiar with the surroundings here.

7.说完这些话,他就走了。

With these words,he went away.

8.要学好一门外语是不容易的,非下苦功不可。

The mastery of a foreign language is difficult and requires painstaking effort.

9.我们都赞成该项法律,因为它符合我们的利益。

We are all for the new law for it is in favor of our interests.

10.国际奥委会主席表示相信中国能够成功地主办2008年的奥运会。

The chairman of the International Olympic Committee expressed his belief that China would successfully host the2008Olympic Games.

词类转换翻译法练习

词类转换翻译法练习 转译成动词 1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials. 7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind. 转译成名词 13. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 14. To them, he personified the absolute power. 15. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 16. Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions. 17. He was treated very shabbily by the press during this period. 18. I was encouraged by our president. 19. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 20. Both compounds are acids, the former is strong and the latter is weak. 21. He was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 22. His whole family were religious. 转译成形容词 23. This issue is of vital importance. 24. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 25. Our performance was a success. 26. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 其它词类转译 形容词与副词的互相转译 27. We must make full use of existing technical equipment.

商务词类转译

商务词类转译 词类转换是翻译中常见的技巧。就商务英语翻译而言,最常见的是名词、介词、形容词及动词间的互相转译。 一、名词与动词的互相转译 研究表明:英语的名词在词汇中占有绝对优势, 常用名词来表达汉语中用动词表达的概念(如抽象的行为名词) ,而且动词的兼类情况非常明显,加之英语有词形变化, 许多动词词尾加上后缀, 如-ment , - tion , - ance , - er , - or 等,即可变成名词。相反,汉语却以动词占优势,而且一个句子不限于用一个动词,可以几个动词连用。因此,英译汉时许多名词可译成汉语的动词;汉译英时动词也常译成名词(或介词+ 名词) 。 英语中具有抽象动作意义的名词汉译时常译成动词。 (1) The repeal of the Corn Laws by Great Britain in 1846 ended Britain′s long - standing policy protectionism. 1846 年英国废除《谷物法》,结束了英国长期存在的贸易保护主义政策。 (2)And in a best - selling book ,Lester Thurow told us that America would soon be going head together with a Germanled Europe in the struggle for world markets. 莱斯特·瑟罗在他的一本畅销书中断言,美国不久将要与德国领导的欧洲势均力敌地争夺国际市场。 原文中“struggle”为介词“in”的宾语,但汉语译文直接将它译成动词“争夺”,比原文来得更直接更传神。

词法翻译1——词性转换的运用

词法翻译1——词性转换的运用 1.事实胜于雄辩。 Facts speak louder than words. 2.眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 3.不要怕犯错误。 Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 4.在中国,人们非常注重讲礼貌。 In China,people emphasize politeness much. 5.赞成还是反对我们的建议,请大家畅所欲言,表明立场。 Please everyone speaks up freely on whether you agree on our suggestion or not and states your stand. 6.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 Indendent thinking is absolutely needed for learning. 7.决不允许违反这个原则。 It is definitely not allowed to be contrary to this principle. 8.人口一直在不断增长。 The population increase continually all the time. 9.你赞成还是反对这项计划? Do you agree on this plan or not? 10.官方宣布,中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。 Declaring by the official,China has already accomplished the project of manned space flight. 11.就业形势不可避免地受金融危机的影响。 The situation of employment is unavoidably impacted by the financial crisis. 12.科学家对政治并不陌生。 Scientists are not unfamiliar with politics. 13.亚洲仍然是世界上最具经济活力的地区。 Economically,Asia is still the most dynamic region in the world 14.大幅削减税收有利于增加投资。 Slash tax in favor of investment promotion. 15.要想保护自然界,就要从根本上改变目前的生活方式。 Intending to protect the nature,changing the way of living fundamentally is needed.

词类转换翻译法

词类转换翻译法 在英译汉的过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同,就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 一、名词的转译 1.英语名词转译成动词 由动词派生的名词,具有动词意思的名词,以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等,这些名词都可以转译成动词。 【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。 【译文】回想起这些事情,会给他的生活增添乐趣。 【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. ×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。 【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。 【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. ×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我感到特别神往。 【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 【译文】据我所知,有几台计算机失踪了。 【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众,所以他们喜欢同他谈话。 【译文】他善于听取别人意见,所以他们喜欢同他谈心。 1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比较多。 ·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 ·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 到一九七二年为止,美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了:美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场,而苏联则拒绝这样做。 ·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。 2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 ·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。 ·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument

词类转译

英语属印欧语系,汉语属藏族语系。英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同,在大多数情况下英译汉时很难将两种语言的词汇和结构一一对应。为了使译文符合汉语习惯,翻译时不必拘泥于原文表层结构,可以在忠实原文意义的前提下将原文中某些词的词类成分转换为汉语的其他词类或成分。下面是几个涉及词类转换的实例。 例2 This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high- energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 译文:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏使农业难以以高能量消耗这种美国耕作形式继续下去了,而这种耕作方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。(副词particularly、名词energy转为形容词,形容词possible转为名词,介词with转为动词。) 英译汉中的词类或句子成分转换情况: 1、英语名词转译成汉语的动词、形容词或副词。在现代英语中,名词使用的范围比较广,不仅常用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,还可以用作定语或状语。英语中许多名词含义灵活,翻译时需要从其基本意义出发,联系上下文加以灵活处理。 一般说来, 具有动作意义的名词或含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译为汉语动词;由形容词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时,可以根据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语从句。 例如: 1) A glance though his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。(名词转译成动词) 2) We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. 我们感到,解决这个复杂的问题是复杂的。(名词转译成形容词) 3)I had the fortune to meet him.

词类转换(英语翻译技巧)

词类转换 英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。 一,转换成汉语动词。 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 1,名词转换成动词 英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。 With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。 Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers? 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗? We must place stress on the prevention of disease. 我们应以预防疾病为主。 This situation requires the formation of a new strategic frame. 这种形势要求制定新的战略框架。 The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab ackowledgement of Israel’s right to exist. 联合国文件要求,以色列撤出所占土地,阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利,在此基础上,解决中东冲突。 2,形容词转换为动词, 英语中某些表示状态,知觉。情感,态度,感受,感觉,信念等意义,在句中作表语的形容词以及同介词搭配构成句子表语或定语的形容词,通常可译成汉语中的动词。 The amount of work is dependent on the applied force and the distance the body is moved. 功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。 The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. 功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。 Copper wire is flexible. 铜线容易弯曲。 While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China. 现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术,而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。 其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有:

词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻译中的应用

学号: 2009097311 哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文 题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃(副教授) 年级2007级 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院

哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文开题报告 论文题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生姓名刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃(副教授) 年级 2007级 15班 专业英语教育 2011年3 月

说明 本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下,要求学生认真填写。 说明课题的来源(自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务)、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。 若课题因故变动时,应向指导教师提出申请,提交题目变动论证报告。

课题来源: 教师指导下自拟题目 课题研究的目的和意义: 目的: 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法方面有一定的共同点,但差异也是明显的。例如,英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多。英语中的许多词,如名词、介词、形容词和副词在汉译时,往往可以译成动词。英语的词汇量很大,它吸收了大量的其他语言中的词汇,如法语、拉丁语、希腊语等。英语中的同义词和近义词很多,一词多义的现象非常普遍。同样,汉语中的同义词和近义词也十分丰富。汉语的词汇没有形态的变化,它主要靠词语、词序以及内在的逻辑关系来表达句子的含义。英语则通过词汇的各种形态变化来表达句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。由于英语和汉语在语法和表达习惯上存在很多差异,因此在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文中某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法。 意义: 翻译是一种跨文化的交流活动。翻译不仅是把一种文字用另外一种文字表达出来,而且还将两种不同的文化进行融合。英语和汉语在语法和词汇表达习惯上存在诸多差异,因此 在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法之一,是翻译技巧中一个重要的组成部分。它的运用会直接影响到译文的质量。掌握了这种翻译技巧,会使译文更自然、更流畅、更符合汉语的表达习惯。只要我们不断学习,不断实践,注意观察,及时总结,我们就会在翻译的实践中逐步学会并掌握好词类转译法。 国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势: 国外: 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。语言是思维的外壳,人类的思维是由存在决定的,而客观存在是可以认识的,因此一种语言所表达的思维内容,用另一种语言重新表达出来也是完全可能的。早在1959年,雅各布森从符号学的观点出发,将翻译分为:语内翻译,语际翻译,符际翻译。但国外对此课题的研究不是特别的多,在词类转译法方面的研究还不充足。A.F. Tytler 曾在 E ssay on principles of traslation中,对词类转译法进行了透彻的分析。 国内: 翻译不仅是把一种文字用另一种文字表达出来, 而且还是两种不同的文化的融合。因此在英译汉时务必要注意一些翻译技巧, 来使两种不同的文化进行交融, 其中较为重要的是词类的转译,国内通过大量的例句说明了在英译汉时词类的转译法的一些技巧运用, 特别是不同词类转译成动词的用法, 强调了词类的转译法在翻译中的重要性。我国的翻译事业有约两千年的光辉灿烂历史,早在西汉哀帝时代,有个名叫伊存的人到中国口传一些简短的佛经经句,但谈不上佛经的翻译。约两千年的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验,批判地吸收前人从实践中总结出来的理论、方法,以便继续提高我们的翻译水平,发展我们的翻译事业。

词类转译技巧

词类转译技巧 有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成名词。 英语中的某些动词、形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球,形状象一个大球。(动词转译) The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。(形容词转换) 2、转译成动词。 英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。(名词转译) As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。 3、转译成副词。 英语中的某些名词、形容词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.

只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。(名词转译) 4、转译成形容词。 英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词,以及某些形容词派生的名词,往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外,当英语动词转译成汉语名词时,原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。(作表语的名词转译) The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。(副词转译) 词义的选择和引申技巧 在英译汉的过程中存在着一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas. 他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词)

汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法 Conversion

汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法Conversion ?Conversion: Conversion is also a common practice in Chinese-English translation. It is to change the part of speech into another. ?借刀杀人(v.—adj.) ?To sb. with a sword ?徐悲鸿画马画得特别好!(v.—n.) ?Xu’s of horses are exceptionally good. ?1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns. ?1) 林则徐认为,要成功地制止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片销毁。 ?Lin Zexu believed that a successful of the trade in opium should be preceded by a of the drug itself. ?2) 邓小平在―十一大‖上说:―一定要少说空话,多做工作‖。 ?Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress, ―There must be and .‖ (v.--n.) ?3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。 ?No of this principle can be tolerated. (v.—n.) ?4)采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 ?The of this new device will greatly cut down/reduce the percentage of defective products. ?5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 ?He raising the quality of products in his speech. ?6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争,使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国,也永远不能灭亡中国。 ?Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to conquer/subjugate/disintegrate China, nor will it ever be able to do so. ?7) 他们一不会做工,二不会种地,三不会打仗。 ?They don’t even know a thing about , nor about , nor about . ?8) 反对三峡工程的人说新形成的水库会淹没许多城镇和乡村。 ?to the Three Gorges Dam argued that the new reservoir(['rez?vwɑ:]) would flood many cities and villages.

词类转换翻译

词类转换翻译 由于英汉两种语言分属两个不同的语系,它们在语言的表达方式上各有各的特点。尽管它们在词类划分上大致相同,但词类的使用频率在两种语言中却有所差异。英语中频繁使用名词和介词,而汉语中却经常使用动词。因而,在英汉互译中,经常要用到词类转换法,即根据上下文和译文的表达习惯,在不改变原文词义的前提下,将原文中某些词的词性在译文中作相应的变化,以便使译文读起来更加通顺。 1. 英语名词译为汉语动词 1) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors. 2) Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses. 3) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. 英语形容词译为汉语动词 1) They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 2) We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice. 3. 英语副词译为汉语动词 1) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through. 2) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. 4. 英语介词译为汉语动词 1) President Lincoln proposed to establish a government of the people,by the people, and for the people. 2) A force is needed to move an object against inertia. 5.英语动词译为汉语名词 1)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 2)Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 3)The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 6. 英语形容词译为汉语名词 1) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs. 2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive. 7. 英语副词译为汉语名词 1) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically. 2) The paper said editorially that with unemployment high and the dollar low the economy will be the President’s sternest trial. 3) All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.

词类转换(英语翻译技巧).

词类转换 英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。 一,转换成汉语动词。 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 1,名词转换成动词 英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。 With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。 Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers? 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗? We must place stress on the prevention of disease.

常用十大翻译技巧之三:转换法

专心翻译 做到极致 常用十大翻译技巧之三:转换法 转换法: 指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如: (1)我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。 Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词) (2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) (3)由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) (4)I’m all for you opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词) (5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词) (6)In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment. 作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词) (7)In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance. 在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态) (8)时间不早了,我们回去吧! We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换) (9)学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词

词类转译练习

翻译下列句子,注意斜体部分的转译运用。 1. Alloy steels are formed by the addition of one or more of the following elements: nickel, tungsten, silicon, and small amounts of other alloying elements. 试做: 2. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. 试做: 3. If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. 试做: 4. Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward the north. 试做: 5. The new woman mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 试做: 6. A government study targets earnings from tourism at $140 million by 1980.

词类转译法

英汉翻译技巧和实践 词类转译法 转换成动词 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用的比较多。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。 H e a d m i r e s t h e p r e s i d e n t’s s t a t e d d e c i s i o n t o f i g h t f o r t h e j o b 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。 一、名词转译成动词 1.英语中大量有动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其他名词往往可转译成汉语动词。 有动词派生的名次转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比较多。 O n e a f t e r a n o t h e r,s p e a k e r s c a l l e d f o r t h e d o w n f a l l o f i m p e r i a l i s m,a b o l i t i o n o f e x p l o i t a t i o n o f m a n b y m a n, l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e o p p r e s s e d o f t h e w o r l d. 发言人一个接一个表示要打倒帝国主义,要消灭人剥削人的制度,要解放世界上的被压迫人民。 U n t i l1972,a l l e f f o r t s b y t h e t w o n a t i o n s t o c u r b t h e n u c l e a r a r m s r a c e h a d f o u n d e r e d o n o n e p o i n t:U.S. i n s i s t e n c e o n t h e r i g h t t o m a k e o n-s i t e i n s p e c t i o n s o f t h e S o v i e t s t r a t e g i c a r s e n a l a n d R u s s i a’s r e f u s a l. 到一九七二年为止,美苏之间关于限制和军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了:美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场,而苏联则拒绝这样做。 T h e1967U N d o c u m e n t c a l l s f o r t h e s e t t l e m e n t o f t h e M i d d l e E a s t c o n f l i c t o n t h e b a s i s o f I s r a e l i w i t h d r a w a l f r o m o c c u p i e d t e r r i t o r i e s a n d A r a b a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f I s r a e l i’s r i g h t t o e x i s t. 一九六七年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。

英汉翻译法2——词类转译

一、词类转换法的依据 1.汉语无形态变化,英语有形态变化 2.英汉两种语言的句型和用词规律不同 1)英语句子里不允许出现连动结构,但在汉语里这却是一种普遍现象。 2)英语抽象名词的使用相当频繁,而汉语里动词却是如此。 二、词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种。 转译成动词 转译成名词 转译成形容词 其他词类转译 一、转译成动词 (一)名词转译成动词 1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比较多。如: 1)The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. (1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。) 2)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. (火箭已经用来探索宇宙。) 2.含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。如: 1)The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. (看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。) 2)A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. (从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。) 3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词,如teacher教师,thinker思想家等等,有时在句中并不指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味,在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。如: 1)I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. (我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。) 2)Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. (在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。) 4. 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词,如: 1)They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness. 他们最后看了铁麦克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。 2)The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。 (二)介词转译成动词 1)"Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

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