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英语中句子的种类

英语中句子的种类
英语中句子的种类

英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020

(三)句子的种类

句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。

按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;

从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

按使用目的分:

一、陈述句

That boy always helps others.

Tom was not at home yesterday.

He is too late to catch the bus.

二、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)

Are you a doctor

How often do you have an English party

Which would you like better, tea or coffee

She is too young to go to school, is she

三、感叹句

(一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!

What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is!

(三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!

What beautiful girls they are!

(四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

What fine weather it is!

(五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!

How interesting the dog is!

(六)How+主语+谓语!

How time flies!

四、祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。)

Be quiet!

Don’t be late!

从结构上分:

一、简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。)如,五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:主+系+表

基本句型二:主+谓

基本句型三:主+谓+宾

基本句型四:主+谓+间宾+直宾

基本句型五主+谓+宾+宾补.

二、并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。)

由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同,并列句可以分为以下几种: 1.表示联合关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and (和),not only ... but also... (不但……而且……)等来连接,这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。

1. We bought her a birthday present,_____ she liked it very much.

A. so

B. or

C. and

D. but

2. — Didn’t you give roses to your father on Father’s Day

— Oh, not only my father,_____ my grandpa got red roses.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. until

2.表示转折关系的并列句这类并列句常用but (但是;可是),yet(可是;然而),while (而)等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。

1. — Would you like to go to the concert with me

— I’d love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.

A. or

B. but

C. so

D. and

2. The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life,_____ failed

A. or

B. so

C. but

D. because

3.表示选择关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者),either … or …(要么……,要么……)等连接。

1. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.

A. Not only; but also

B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and

D. Either; or

2. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small.

A. both; and

B. neither; nor

C. either; or

D. not only; but also

3. “Are you going to eat here ____ take it away” asked the waiter..

A. and

B. so

C. or

D. but。

4.表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词so(因此;所以),for (因为)等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。

1. Mother was ill,_____ Father cooked for us instead.

A. but

B. or

C. so

D. and

2. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look both ways before crossing the

street

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. for

特殊的并列句

1.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的

事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”。

2.例如: Study hard,_____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.

A. or

B. and

C. for

D. but

3. 2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表

示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”

4.例如: 1. Be quick,_____ we’ll be late for class.

A. or

B. so

C. and

D. but

2. Come a little earlier next time,_____ you’ll miss the best part of the TV

play.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. till

三、复合句

复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导。我们至今学过的从句有:定语从句,名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句),和状语从句。

1. 定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you.

2. 同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.

注意:定语和同位语从句的区别。

3. 表语从句 This is what we should do

4. 宾语从句(注意it做形式宾语)

Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. (it做形式宾语)

5.主语从句(注意it做形式主语)

What caused the accident remains unknown

It is certain that he will win the match(it做形式主语)

6.状语从句

MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessfu l.

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