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2015年首都师范大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书推荐,考研大纲

2015年首都师范大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题一．英译汉特色词（10个）

legal code

Hypertext

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

mortgage loan,secured loan

historical materialism

buddhist scriptures

......

二．汉译英特色词（20个）

八国联军半封建社会

春运

大病统筹

大办宴席

澳门特别行政区基本法

文化主旋律

文化产业

三．篇章翻译：

英译汉（2篇）

汉译英（2篇）

新词新译2

擦边球"edge ball,touch ball"

擦网球net ball

财产税property tax;estate(or capital)duty

采购团purchasing mission

采光lighting

裁减冗员cut down on overstaffing;lay off redundant staff

采景choose a location(for movie,TV drama,etc.)

裁军disarmament

彩扩color film processing

菜篮子工程vegetable basket program;non-staple food project

财力明显增强financial strength grew noticeably

菜鸟，新手green hand

采暖heating

彩票lottery ticket

采取措施后ex post

采取措施前ex ante

采取高姿态show high-profile;exercise forbearance;be tolerant

才疏学浅be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge

财务报表financial statement

财务代理人fiscal agent

财务公开keep the public informed of the financial affairs

财务焦虑financial worries(The guide is meant to help people identify any serious health concerns related to financial worries and develop coping skills.该指南旨在帮助问题人群发现由财务焦虑引起的严重健康问题，并提供应对技能。)

裁员job cut(The latest job cut,which aims to further reduce the company's costs by enhancing efficiency and help maintain its competitive edges amid the global

economic slowdown,will be completed by the end of March,said Lenovo.联想集团25日宣布，将在其位于中国的全球职能部门中削减450个岗位。联想称，此次裁员目的是在全球经济放缓的环境下，进一步提升整体运作效率，并保持公司竞争力。裁员将于3月底完成。)财政包干fiscal responsibility system

财政赤字financial deficit财政纪律financial and economic discipline

财政年度fiscal year

财政收入fiscal revenue

财政税收revenue tax;fiscal levy;fiscal taxation;financial taxation

财政、信贷双紧方针policy of tightening control over expenditure and credit

才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

财产性收入property income

踩高跷Stilt walk

（手机）彩铃polyphonic ringtone

采煤沉陷区sinkholes in coal mining areas

彩排dress rehearsal

彩票；刮刮卡scratchcard

彩屏color screen

财团consortium(Manchester City are likely to cancel the contracts of their trio of Thai players following a takeover by a United Arab Emirates consortium,the club's representative said Thursday.曼城俱乐部驻泰国代表16日说，随着俱乐部被阿联酋财团收购，此前俱乐部和3名泰国球员签订的合同可能被废除。)

财务丑闻accounting scandal

彩信multimedia message

财政性科技投入government investment in science and technology

财政支持financial support

参拜靖国神社visit to the Yasukuni war shrine

惨淡经营work hard and carefully to keep one's business going

参股equity participation.(Insiders say Huiyuan will give up overall sales but get

funding through feasible ways such as equity participation.行业人士估计汇源不会再次选择整体出售，参股等方式更加可行。)

参股公司joint-stock company

参股者equity participant

残疾人特奥会The Special Olympic Games for the disabled

餐巾纸napkin掺水文凭diploma obtained by using unfair or unlawful means

餐饮业catering industry

参与国际分工participate in the international division of labor

参与意识desire to participate;sense of participation

参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs

参政党parties participating in the management of state affairs;parties participating in the government decision-making process

餐桌转盘Lazy Susan

残奥会Paralympic Games

仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket

藏书票book labels identifying a collector(or collection)

舱外航天服extra vehicular activity suits(Chinese only spent4years in developing its own EVA(extra vehicular activity)suits.Putting on the suit will take about14 hours.我国用4年时间研制出了自己的舱外航天服。航天服的拆包、组装、测试、穿着，整个过程要持续14个小时。)

参照国际通行做法follow standard international practices

操办make arrangements

草根工业grass root industry(refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass)

草药herbal medicine

操纵比赛game-rigging(The Ministry of Public Security set up a special task force to investigate alleged game-rigging in September2006,when rumors of under-table deals and fixing ran rife.2006年9月，有关幕后交易和非法操纵的流言四起，为此公安

部设立了一支特别工作组，负责调查此事。)

操纵股票市场manipulate the stock market

操作系统operating system

侧记sidelights

层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting

茶道sado

差额拨款balance allocation

差额投票differentail voting

差额选举competitive election查封close down

插杠子poke one's nose into someone's businesses

茶话会tea forum;tea party

插件plug-in unit

茶艺tea ceremony

插嘴interrupt;chip in

拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul

差旅费expenses for business trips

拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition

拆迁费用removal expense

拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition

拆台let someone down;cut the ground from under someone's feet

禅dhyana

产假maternity leave

产粮大省granary province

产品更新换代upgrade of products

产品构成product composition

产品积压overstocked products;accumulation of inventories;stock pile;excessive inventory

产品结构product mix

产品科技含量technological element of a product

产品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)

产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理"clearly established ownership,well defined power and responsibility,separation of enterprise from administration,and scientific management"

产权制度、产权关系property relations;property order

搀水股票water-down stocks--ordinary stocks that can be bought

by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower

than their face value

产销两旺both production and marketing thrive

产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing

产业不景气industrial depression

产业的升级换代upgrading of industies

产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure

产业升级upgrade industries

产业政策industrial policy

掺杂兑假mix in fake or inferior components

唱对台戏put on a rival show

长二捆LM-2E

偿付能力solvency

唱高调mouth high-sounding words

常规裁军conventional disarmament

常规武器conventional weapon

长江后浪推前浪,一代更比一代强As in the Yangtze River,the

waves behind ride on the ones before:The new generation excels

the old.

长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the

Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow

River

长江三角洲Yangtze River delta

长江中下游the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River

唱名表决roll-call vote

场内交易人floor trader

长跑a long-distance running

敞蓬轿车open-topped limousine

长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共"long-term coexistence,

mutual supervision,sincere treatment with each other and the

sharing of weal or woe"

长期国债long-term government bonds

常设国际法庭permanent international tribunal

唱双簧play a duet----collaborate;echo each other

畅通工程Smooth Traffic Project

长途电话long-distance calls

场外证券市场over-the-counter market

常委会standing committee

常务董事managing director;executive director

常务理事executive member of the council

长线产品product in excessive supply

畅销货best selling lines(All these articles are best selling lines.所有这些产品都是我们的畅销货。)

倡议书initial written proposal

长治久安a long period of stability;prolonged political stability;lasting political stability

常驻代表permanent representative

常驻记者resident correspondent

常驻联合国代表permanent representative to the United Nation

常驻使节permanent envoy

长期建设国债long-term treasury bonds for construction

长途航班long-haul flight(As the economic crisis forces carriers to look for savings, Air France has become the1st airline to introduce surcharges for the seats next to emergency exits or at the front of rows,where long legs can be stretched out.The ￡40will first be applied to s,according to an Air France spokesman.受经济危机影响，法国航空公司为缩减开支将在业内率先加收乘客伸腿费。据悉，法航将提高紧急出口旁边和第一排座位的机票价格，理由是这些座位可提供更大的伸腿空间。法航一发言人称，为额外伸腿空间支付的费用为40英镑，计划首先在长途航班上收取。)

产权和资产出让property right and asset transfer

产权界定delimitation of property rights

产权收益income from property

超编人员exceed personnel

超大城市megacity behemoth(By then eight cities,Beijing,Shanghai,Chengdu, Chongqing,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Tianjin and Wuhan,will have populations of more than 10million with some already megacity behemoths.到那时，北京、上海、成都、重庆、广州、深圳、天津、武汉这八个城市将成为人口超过一千万的超大城市，而其中有些城市已经成为超大城市。)

超导元素superconducting elements

超短波ultrashort wave超负荷运转overloaded operation

超高速巨型计算机giant,ultra-high-speed computer

超国民待遇super-preferential policies(Early on in its reform and opening to foreign enterprise,China launched super-preferential tax policies for international companies in a bid to propel its economic growth,and the internationals were exempt from some taxes.在对外资企业开放的早期，我国就在税收方面对外企实行“超国民待遇”，以促进经济发展。外资企业得以免除部分税费。)

炒汇speculate in foreign currency

超级巨型油轮ultra large crude carrier

炒金热stock-market fever

炒买炒卖speculation

超期羁押detention beyond the legally prescribed time limits

超前教育superior education

超前精神a surpassing spirit

超前消费pre-mature consumption;overconsume;excessive consumption

超前意识superior consciousness

超生人口exrta birth(The capital is urging parents who have broken family planning policies to register their extra births before Nov1.北京市正敦促违反计划生育政策的父母在11月1日前为超生人口登记。)

超生游击队(sarcastic)people who give more births than birth quota allows

超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)

潮汐电站tidal power stations

超现实主义surrealism

超载过牧overgraze

超支户household(or family)living perpetually in debt

炒作speculation(stock);sensationalization(news)

炒作hype(Don't take media reports on the new movie seriously.Some reports are just hype.看有关这部新片的报道可别当真，有些纯粹是炒作。)

朝鲜半岛核问题the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula

查票ticket checking

车船使用税vehicle and vessel tax(Thirty-year-old Chen Xiaoyu asked the office on Tuesday to refund part of the vehicle and vessel tax he has paid this year because he,like all other Beijing drivers,is not able to drive one day each week as a result of the car limitation policy in the capital-the so-called"no-car day".30岁的陈晓宇（音译）周二请（税务）局退还今年他所缴纳的部分车船使用税，因为他和所有其他北

京驾车者一样，每周都有一天因为首都的“无车日”车辆限行政策而不能开车。)

车牌摇号license-plate lottery(Starting on Friday,car registration will be allocated by a license-plate lottery system.从周五开始，车辆登记将采用车牌摇号的方式进行。)

扯皮shirk;pass the buck

撤侨evacuation of nationals(China on Saturday decided to hasten evacuation of its nationals from Libya,as Chinese aviation authorities prepare15planes per day during the next two weeks to carry home citizens stranded in the northern African country.我国于上周六决定加快从利比亚撤侨。在未来两周，中国民航将每天派出15架飞机接运滞留在利比亚的中国同胞回国。)

彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force

撤销原案rescind the case

撤销职务annul one's position;dismiss...from;be stripped of;remove...from 车展auto show(Ford plans to introduce its Edge sports utility vehicle(SUV)at the upcoming Beijing Auto Show this month in a bid to tap fast-growing demand for SUVs among Chinese customers.福特公司计划在本月的北京车展上展出Edge越野车（SUV），以便开发中国消费者快速增长的SUV车型需求。)

撤职remove from the post(The chief of the coal mine was removed from his post in the wake of a fatal gas blast.由于煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸事故，煤矿矿长被撤职。)

车间主任Workshop Manager

车辆购置税vehicle purchase tax

晨练morning exercise

沉没成本sunk cost

趁热打铁make hay while the sun shines;strike while the iron is hot 尘云dust clouds

城镇居民人均可支配收入urban per capita disposable income

城镇社会保障体系urban social security system

惩办主义doctrine of punishment

承包经营权contract for the managerial right

成本分摊sharing costs

成本价`cost price

成本效益cost-effectiveness

成本效益分析cost-efficiency analysis

成分指数component index承购包销underwrite

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/277611990.html,

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

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