Unit 4 Wildlife Protection reading课时
作业
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Can you give me some (背景) on the situation?
2．A strong man will bear (困苦) without complaining.
3．Working in the sun soon gave us a (口渴)．
4．He could never have (预见) that one day his books would sell in millions.
5．Humans are sensitive to (逐渐的) changes of brightness and color.
6．Did that ever cause (紧张) in your relationship?
7．I'd like to (存入) two hundred dollars.
8．He was faced with the (进退两难的困境) of whether or not to return to his country.
9．The only (缺点) to the project is its expense.
10．Toni (估算) that it must be about three o'clock.
【答案】 1.background 2.hardship 3.thirst
4．foreseen 5.gradual 6.tension 7.deposit
8．dilemma 9.drawback 10.reckoned
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
London，England(CNN)—The youngest person to sail solo around the world returned home on Thursday from his 30，000-mile，282-day ocean journey.
Mike Perham，17，sailed into Lizard Point in Cornwall，the southernmost point in Britain，at 9：47 a．m.，his race team said.
“It feels absolutely brilliant，” Mike told CNN by phone hours before crossing the finish line.“I'm really，really excited to be going across
the line at last.It doesn't feel like long since I crossed it first.”
Mike set off on his round-the-world trip on November 18，2008.He has been sailing his yacht，https://www.doczj.com/doc/2615702710.html,，single-handedly，though a support team has been sailing next to him along the way.
The teen has now achieved the title of Youngest Sailor to Circumnavigate the Globe Solo，according to the Guinness World Records.
Mike learned how to sail when he was seven years old from his father，Peter，and at age 14，he sailed across the Atlantic alone.
The teenager's school—which Mike describes as “highly supportive”of his trip—has redesigned his coursework to fit in with his trip.It also gave him some coursework to do during “quiet moments”， according to Mike's Web site.
There haven't been many of those quiet moments.Repeated autopilot failures forced him to stop for repairs in Portugal，the Canary Islands，South Africa，and twice in Australia，according to his Web site.
Bad weather in the Southern Ocean—between Australia and Antarctica —forced Mike to battle 50ft waves and 57 mph winds.He said at one point，a “freak wave” picked up the boat and turned it on its side.
“My feet were on the ceiling at the time，” he told CNN.“That was a really hairy moment，and I was certainly thinking，‘Why am I here？’But we took the sails off and the day after I thought，‘This is brilliant！’”
Mike describes his father as his biggest hero，always supportive of what he wanted to achieve.Peter Perham said he wasn't too worried about his son facing dangerous situations at sea，as long as he knew what to do and stayed safe.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍十七岁的Mike Perham单独航海环游世界的事迹。
1．Mike Perham returned to Britain in ．
A．August B．September
C．October D．November
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章开始提到的“282 days”，以及第四段中提到的November可知应该是在八月。
【答案】 A
2．Mike Perham is that went on the round-the-world trip in the world up till now.
A．the first B．the bravest
C．the luckiest D．the youngest
【解析】细节理解题。文章第一句就给出答案。
【答案】 D
3．We can infer from the passage that ．
A．the English school is the same as ours
B．the English school doesn't care for students
C．the English school has a humane management
D．the English school gives students a lot of course
work
【解析】推理判断题。根据第七段叙述可知C正确。
【答案】 C
4．The passage mainly tells us ．
A．Mike's exciting sail trip around the globe
B．how Mike's father taught him to sail a boat
C．why CNN wanted to report the news to the public
D．the introduction of the Guinness World Records
【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇报道，文章开头就给出主题。
【答案】 A
B
Scientists used to explore the surface of the ocean.Now they are exploring below the surface，too.They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean.
In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3，000
feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball.In 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35，800 feet.
All these early dives were deep.But the divers could not stay down for very long.They had to come back up to surface after a few seconds.Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface.Gradually they succeeded.Cousteau，a Frenchman，was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.
Now scientists are developing even better equipment.With this new equipment，men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks.In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface.Then，in 1964，he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea.This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface.
Many countries are now studying undersea living.The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea.The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Island.In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks.Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory. Next came other teams of men.All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources.Scientists hope to find enough mineral，vegetable，and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.
【语篇解读】科学家们为研究海底生物，运用更先进的设备、在海底建实验室等来探索海洋深处。
5．In order to ，scientists are exploring below the surface of the ocean.
A．know about the ocean water deep in the ocean
B．stay down longer to study life of the plant and animal below the surface
C．know about the plant and animal life deep in the ocean
D．Both A and C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，D项包括了A项和C项的内容，这正是科学家探测海洋深处的目的。
【答案】 D
6．Who set up the first undersea station?
A．A Frenchman.
B．An American.
C．A Russian.
D．The passage made no mention.
【解析】细节理解题。第四段告诉我们，最早建立海底站的是法国人Cousteau。
【答案】 A
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The early divers could not stay down for very long.
B．Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory.
C．The purpose of setting up the undersea laboratories is to make plans for the use of the resources in the ocean.
D．None of the above is true.
【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，A项正确。
【答案】 A
8．The author wants to tell us ．
A．that scientists try to explore the ocean depths
B．that scientists try to make use of resources in the ocean
C．about the secret of the plant and animal life in the ocean
D．Both A and B.
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知A项正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知B项正确。故选D项。
【答案】 D
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Angela，
I am so happy to learn you are coming to study in our school and stay at my home.
My home is at No.58, Mingzu Street.A five -minutes walk from my home along Mingzu Street will lead you to a crossroads, when Mingzu Street meets Baohu Road.On the corner of the crossroads lie a shopping mall, where you can get everything you needed.Walking for about 300 meter along Baohu Road, you'll see our school on right.There we will spend most of the daytime.In the end of Mingzu Street stands the new railway station, and
that it's easy for you to reach.As a bus stop is just next to my home, Bus No.23 will direct take you there.
I can't wait to seeing you in China.
Yours ，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Angela ，
I am so happy to learn you are coming to study in our school and stay at my home. My home is at No.58, Mingzu Street.A five -minutes five -minute
walk from my home along Mingzu Street will lead you to a crossroads ，
when where Mingzu Street meets Baohu Road.On the corner of the crossroads
lie lies a shopping mall, where you can get everything you needed need .Walking for about 300 meter meters
along Baohu Road, you'll see our school on ∧
the right.There we will spend
most of the daytime.In At
the end of Mingzu Street stands the new railway station, and it's easy for you to reach.As a bus stop is just next
to my home, Bus No.23 will
direct directly
take you there.
I can't wait to seeing
see
you in China.
Yours，
Li Hua
按住Ctrl 键单击鼠标打开教学视频动画全册播放 1.1．1 任意角 教学目标 （一） 知识与技能目标 理解任意角的概念(包括正角、负角、零角) 与区间角的概念. （二） 过程与能力目标 会建立直角坐标系讨论任意角,能判断象限角,会书写终边相同角的集合；掌握区间角的集合的书写． （三） 情感与态度目标 1． 提高学生的推理能力； 2．培养学生应用意识． 教学重点 任意角概念的理解；区间角的集合的书写． 教学难点 终边相同角的集合的表示；区间角的集合的书写． 教学过程 一、引入： 1．回顾角的定义 ①角的第一种定义是有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角. ②角的第二种定义是角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． 二、新课： 1．角的有关概念： ①角的定义： 角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． ②角的名称： ③角的分类： ④注意： ⑴在不引起混淆的情况下，“角α ”或“∠α ”可以简化成“α ”； ⑵零角的终边与始边重合，如果α是零角α =0°； ⑶角的概念经过推广后，已包括正角、负角和零角． ⑤练习：请说出角α、β、γ各是多少度? 2．象限角的概念： ①定义：若将角顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，那么角的终边(端点除外)在第几象限，我们就说这个角是第几象限角． 例1．如图⑴⑵中的角分别属于第几象限角？ 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角 始边 终边 顶点 A O B
例2．在直角坐标系中，作出下列各角，并指出它们是第几象限的角． ⑴ 60°； ⑵ 120°； ⑶ 240°； ⑷ 300°； ⑸ 420°； ⑹ 480°； 答：分别为1、2、3、4、1、2象限角． 3．探究：教材P3面 终边相同的角的表示： 所有与角α终边相同的角，连同α在内，可构成一个集合S ＝{ β | β = α + k ·360 ° ， k ∈Z}，即任一与角α终边相同的角，都可以表示成角α与整个周角的和． 注意： ⑴ k ∈Z ⑵ α是任一角； ⑶ 终边相同的角不一定相等，但相等的角终边一定相同．终边相同的角有无限个，它们相差 360°的整数倍； ⑷ 角α + k ·720 °与角α终边相同，但不能表示与角α终边相同的所有角． 例3．在0°到360°范围内，找出与下列各角终边相等的角，并判断它们是第几象限角． ⑴－120°；⑵640 °；⑶－950°12＇． 答：⑴240°,第三象限角；⑵280°,第四象限角；⑶129°48＇,第二象限角； 例4．写出终边在y 轴上的角的集合(用0°到360°的角表示) ． 解:{α | α = 90°+ n ·180°,n ∈Z}． 例5．写出终边在x y =上的角的集合S,并把S 中适合不等式－360°≤β＜720°的元素β写出来． 4．课堂小结 ①角的定义； ②角的分类： ③象限角； ④终边相同的角的表示法． 5．课后作业： ①阅读教材P 2-P 5； ②教材P 5练习第1-5题； ③教材P .9习题1.1第1、2、3题 思考题：已知α角是第三象限角，则2α，2 α 各是第几象限角？ 解：α 角属于第三象限， 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角
必修二unit4课文 Understanding ideas. When HAMLET meets Peking OPERA. 1. I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet. As a high school student with English literature as one of my main subjects, I have to! Shakespeare's Hamlet is probably the most important play buy the most important writer in English. Almost everybody knows "To be, or not to be", right? Having seen quite a few productions of hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence until the packing opera came to town！ 2. Dating back to the 18th century, the Peking Opera has over 200 years of history. Does this man is easier than a Shakespeare play to understand? To find out the answer I just had to go and see the revenge of Prince Zidan-the Peking Opera version of Hamlet. 3. Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments, the opera brought a completely new sound to my Western ears. At first, I thought what I heard was a violin, but later I learned that it was an instrument with two strings called jinghu. Then seeing the main characters come on stage, I was surprised! The costumes and masks were amazing. The performers of course sang in Chinese, but the music, exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the
人教版选修4第一章《化学反应与能量变化》测试题（A卷） （45分钟，100分） 一、单项选择题（每小题4分，共60分） 1．下列措施不能达到节能减排目的的是（） A．利用太阳能制氢燃料B．用家用汽车代替公交车 C．利用潮汐能发电D．用节能灯代替白炽灯 2. 未来氢气将作为新能源的优点的是（） ①燃烧时发生氧化反应②充分燃烧的产物不污染环境 ③氢气是一种再生能源④燃烧时放出大量热量 A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 3．下列变化过程，属于放热反应的是（） ①液态水变成水蒸气②酸碱中和反应③浓H2SO4稀释 ④固体NaOH溶于水⑤ H2在Cl2中燃烧⑥弱酸电离 A、②③④⑤ B、②③④ C、②⑤ D、①③⑤ 4．下列对化学反应的认识错误的是（） A．一定有化学键的变化B．一定会产生新的物质 C．一定有物质状态的变化D．一定伴随着能量的变化 5．25℃、101 kPa下，2g氢气燃烧生成液态水，放出285.8kJ热量，表示该反应的热化学方程式正确的是（） A．2H2(g)+O2(g) == 2H2O(1) △H＝―285.8kJ／mol B．2H2(g)+ O2(g) == 2H2O(1) △H＝+571.6 kJ／mol C．2H2(g)+O2(g) == 2H2O(g) △H＝―571.6 kJ／mol D．H2(g)+1/2O2(g) == H2O(1) △H＝―285.8kJ／mol 6．热化学方程式C(s)＋H2O(g) ==CO(g)＋H2(g)；△H ＝+131.3kJ/mol表示（）A．碳和水反应吸收131.3kJ能量 B．1mol碳和1mol水反应生成一氧化碳和氢气，并吸收131.3kJ热量 C．1mol固态碳和1mol水蒸气反应生成一氧化碳气体和氢气，并吸热131.3kJ D．1个固态碳原子和1分子水蒸气反应吸热131.1kJ 7．已知25℃、101kPa条件下： 4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) == 2Al2O3 (s) △H = -2834.9 kJ·mol-1 4Al (s) +2O3 (g) ==2Al2O3 (s) △H = -3119.91 kJ·mol-1 由此得出的结论正确的是（） A．等质量的O2比O3能量低，由O2变O3为吸热反应 B．等质量的O2比O3能量低，由O2变O3为放热反应
必修二 Unit 4 Wildlife Protection 野生保护I．Vocabulary
II. Reading HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE 黛西学习怎样保护野生动植物 Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. 译文：黛西总是渴望帮助频域灭绝 的野生动植物物种。【注释：①long vi.渴望; 极想 eg. We are longing to see you.我们极想见到你。②endangered species濒于灭绝的物种】 One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.译文：一天，她醒来发现一个飞毯在她的床边。【注释：a flying carpet“一个飞毯”，其中flying是动名词作定语，表示所修饰名词的作用或用途;而a sleeping boy中的sleeping则是现在分词作定语，表示所修饰的名词的状态，即“a boy is sleeping
一个小孩正处于睡觉中”.】“Where do you want to go”it asked.译文：毯子问道：“你想到哪里去” Daisy responded immediately.译文：黛西立刻应答。【注释：⑴vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应 eg. 1) I offered him a drink but he did not respond.我请他喝酒, 但他未作回答。 2) They responded my joke by laughing.他们对我的笑话报以大笑。⑵vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响 eg. Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。】“I’d like to see some endangered wildlife,” she said.译文：她说：“我极想看看某种频域灭绝的野生动植物物种。”【注释：I’d like (to do) sth.句中的like是动词，后可跟名词、代词、动词不定式作宾语；而I feel like sth.句中的like为介词，后可跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。如： I’d like to help you if you feel like asking me to do so.】“Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”译文：请把我带到一个遥远的地方，在那里能找到给我们提供做毛衣皮毛的动物。【注释：where I can …sweater是定语从句，修饰限制先行词land；that gave …sweater又是一个定语从句，修饰限制先行词animal; to make this sweater是不定式短语作定语，修饰限制名词fur.】 At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet.译文：那毯子飞走了，把她带到了西藏。【注释：take sb./sth. to sp.把某人或某物带到某处 eg. Tom, take these apples to Kate, please!汤姆，请把
高中数学必修4知识点汇总 第一章：三角函数 1、任意角①正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 ②负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角 ③零角：不作任何旋转形成的角 2、角α的顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边落在第几象限，则称α为第几象限角． 第一象限角的集合为{} 36036090,k k k αα?<，则sin y r α= ，cos x r α=，()tan 0y x x α=≠． 10、三角函数在各象限的符号：一全正，二正弦，三正切，四余弦．
人教版高中化学选修4综合测试题（四） 考试用时100分钟。满分为150分。 第Ⅰ卷（共70分） 一、 选择题（本题包括15小题，每小题2分，共30分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1、已知反应X+Y= M+N 为放热反应,，对该反应的下列说法中正确的 （ ） A 、X 的能量一定高于M B 、Y 的能量一定高于N C 、X 和Y 的总能量一定高于M 和N 的总能量 D 、因该反应为放热反应,故不必加热就可发生 2、在pH=1的无色溶液中，下列离子能大量共存的是 （ ） A ．NH 4+、Ba 2+、NO 3—、CO 32— B ．Fe 2+、OH —、SO 42—、MnO 4— C ．K +、Mg 2+、NO 3－ 、SO 42— D ．Na +、Fe 3+、Cl —、AlO 2— 3、在密闭容器里，A 与B 反应生成C ，其反应速率分别用A v 、B v 、C v 表示，已知2B v =3A v 、3C v =2B v ，则此反应可表示为 （ ） A 、2A+3B=2C B 、A+3B=2C C 、3A+B=2C D 、A+B=C 4、下列说法正确的是 ( ) A 、可逆反应的特征是正反应速率和逆反应速率相等 B 、在其他条件不变时，使用催化剂只能改变反应速率，而不能改变化学平衡状态 C 、在其他条件不变时，升高温度可以使平衡向放热反应方向移动 D 、在其他条件不变时，增大压强一定会破坏气体反应的平衡状态 5、相同温度下等物质的量浓度的下列溶液中，pH 值最小的是 （ ） A ．Cl NH 4 B ．34HCO NH C ．44HSO NH D ．424SO )(NH 6、下列说法正确的是 （ ） A 、物质的溶解性为难溶，则该物质不溶于水 B 、不溶于水的物质溶解度为0 C 、绝对不溶解的物质是不存在的 D 、某离子被沉淀完全是指该离子在溶液中的浓度为0 7、化学电池可以直接将化学能转化为电能，化学电池的本质是 （ ） A ．化合价的升降 B ． 电子的转移 C ．氧化还原反应 D ．电能的储存 8、随着人们生活质量的不断提高，废电池必须集中处理的问题被提到议事日程，首要原因 是 （ ）
第1，2课时1.1．1 任意角 教学目标 （一） 知识与技能目标 理解任意角的概念(包括正角、负角、零角) 与区间角的概念. （二） 过程与能力目标 会建立直角坐标系讨论任意角,能判断象限角,会书写终边相同角的集合；掌握区间角的集合的书写． （三） 情感与态度目标 1． 提高学生的推理能力； 2．培养学生应用意识． 教学重点：任意角概念的理解；区间角的集合的书写． 教学难点：终边相同角的集合的表示；区间角的集合的书写． 教学过程 一、引入： 1．回顾角的定义 ①角的第一种定义是有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角. ②角的第二种定义是角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． 二、新课： 1．角的有关概念： ①角的定义： 角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． ②角的名称： ③角的分类： ④注意： ⑴在不引起混淆的情况下，“角α ”或“∠α ”可以简化成“α ”； ⑵零角的终边与始边重合，如果α是零角α =0°； ⑶角的概念经过推广后，已包括正角、负角和零角． ⑤练习：请说出角α、β、γ各是多少度? 2．象限角的概念： ①定义：若将角顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，那么 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 始 边 终 边 顶 点 A O B 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角
角的终边(端点除外)在第几象限，我们就说这个角是第几象限角． 例1．如图⑴⑵中的角分别属于第几象限角？ 例2．在直角坐标系中，作出下列各角，并指出它们是第几象限的角． ⑴ 60°； ⑵ 120°； ⑶ 240°； ⑷ 300°； ⑸ 420°； ⑹ 480°； 答：分别为1、2、3、4、1、2象限角． 3．探究： 终边相同的角的表示： 所有与角α终边相同的角，连同α在内，可构成一个集合S ＝{β|β=α+k ·360°，k ∈Z}，即任一与角α终边相同的角，都可以表示成角α与整个周角的和． 注意： ⑴ k ∈Z ⑵ α是任一角； ⑶ 终边相同的角不一定相等，但相等的角终边一定相同．终边相同的角有无限个，它们相差 360°的整数倍； ⑷ 角α + k ·720 °与角α终边相同，但不能表示与角α终边相同的所有角． 例3．在0°到360°范围内，找出与下列各角终边相等的角，并判断它们是第几象限角． ⑴－120°；⑵640 °；⑶－950°12＇． 答：⑴240°,第三象限角；⑵280°,第四象限角；⑶129°48＇,第二象限角； 例4．写出终边在y 轴上的角的集合(用0°到360°的角表示) ． 解:{α | α = 90°+ n ·180°,n ∈Z}． 例5．写出终边在x y 上的角的集合S,并把S 中适合不等式－360°≤β＜720°的元素β写出来． 4．课堂小结 ①角的定义； ②角的分类： ⑵ B 1 y ⑴ O x 45° B 2 O x B 3 y 30° 60o
HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed. “Where do you want to go?” it asked. Daisy responded immediately. “I’d like to see some endangered wildlife,”she said. “Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.” At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. It said, “We’re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result, we are now an endangered species.” At that Daisy cried, “I’m sorry I didn’t know that. I wonder what is being done to help you. Flying carpet, please show me a place where there’s some wildlife protection.” The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe. Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant. “Have you come to take my photo?” it asked. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. “Don’t laugh.”said the elephant, “We used to be an endangered species. Farmers hunted us without mercy. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies. So the government decided to help. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing. So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.” Daisy smiled. “That’s good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.”The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rain-forest. A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself. “What are you doing?” asked Daisy. “I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes,” it replied. “When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rain-forest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. No rain-forest, no animals, no drugs.” Daisy was amazed. “Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug. Monkey, please come and help.”The monkey agreed. The carpet flew home. As they landed, things began to disappear. Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey, too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug. But what an experience! She had learned so much! And there was always WWF… ANIMAL EXTINCTION Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth. The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China. The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province. Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees. They learned this from the way the bones were joined together. Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time. We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds have died out more recently. According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. The dodo is one of them. It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal. Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.
化学选修4化学反应与原理 第一章化学反应与能量 一、焓变反应热 1．反应热：一定条件下，一定物质的量的反应物之间完全反应所放出或吸收的热量2．焓变(ΔH)的意义：在恒压条件下进行的化学反应的热效应 （1）.符号：△H（2）.单位：kJ/mol 3.产生原因：化学键断裂——吸热化学键形成——放热 放出热量的化学反应。(放热>吸热)△H为“-”或△H<0 吸收热量的化学反应。（吸热>放热）△H为“+”或△H>0 ☆常见的放热反应：①所有的燃烧反应②酸碱中和反应③大多数的化合反应④金属与酸的反应⑤生石灰和水反应⑥浓硫酸稀释、氢氧化钠固体溶解等 ☆常见的吸热反应：①晶体Ba(OH)2·8H2O与NH4Cl②大多数的分解反应 ③以H2、CO、C为还原剂的氧化还原反应④铵盐溶解等 二、热化学方程式 书写化学方程式注意要点: ①热化学方程式必须标出能量变化。 ②热化学方程式中必须标明反应物和生成物的聚集状态（g,l,s分别表示固态，液态，气态，水溶液中溶质用aq表示） ③热化学反应方程式要指明反应时的温度和压强。 ④热化学方程式中的化学计量数可以是整数，也可以是分数 ⑤各物质系数加倍，△H加倍；反应逆向进行，△H改变符号，数值不变 三、燃烧热
1．概念：25℃，101kPa时，1mol纯物质完全燃烧生成稳定的化合物时所放出的热量。燃烧热的单位用kJ/mol表示。 ※注意以下几点： ①研究条件：101kPa②反应程度：完全燃烧，产物是稳定的氧化物。 ③燃烧物的物质的量：1mol④研究内容：放出的热量。（ΔH<0，单位kJ/mol） 四、中和热 1．概念：在稀溶液中，酸跟碱发生中和反应而生成1molH2O，这时的反应热叫中和热。 2．强酸与强碱的中和反应其实质是H+和OH-反应，其热化学方程式为：H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(l)ΔH=－57.3kJ/mol 3．弱酸或弱碱电离要吸收热量，所以它们参加中和反应时的中和热小于57.3kJ/mol。4．中和热的测定实验 五、盖斯定律 1．内容：化学反应的反应热只与反应的始态（各反应物）和终态（各生成物）有关，而与具体反应进行的途径无关，如果一个反应可以分几步进行，则各分步反应的反应热之和与该反应一步完成的反应热是相同的。 第二章化学反应速率和化学平衡 一、化学反应速率 1.化学反应速率（v） ⑴定义：用来衡量化学反应的快慢，单位时间内反应物或生成物的物质的量的变化 ⑵表示方法：单位时间内反应浓度的减少或生成物浓度的增加来表示 ⑶计算公式：v=Δc/Δt（υ：平均速率，Δc：浓度变化，Δt：时间）单位：mol/（L·s）
1.HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WLDLIFE（26 页） Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed. "Where do you want to go?" it asked. Daisy responded immediately. "I'd like to see some endangered wildlife," she said. "Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater." At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. It said, "We're being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result, we are now an endangered species." At that Daisy cried, "I'm sorry I didn't know that. I wonder what is being done to help you. Flying carpet, please show me a place where there's some wildlife protection." The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe. Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant. "Have you come to take my photo?" it asked. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. "Don't laugh,”said the elephant, "We used to be an endangered species. Farmers hunted us without mercy. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies. So the government decided to help. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing. So good things are being done here to save local wildlife." Daisy smiled. "That's good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests." The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest. A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself. "What are you doing?" asked Daisy.” I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes," it replied. "When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. No rainforest, no animals, no drugs." Daisy was amazed. "Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug. Monkey, please come and help." The monkey agreed. The carpet flew home. As they landed, things began to disappear. Two minutes later everything had gone - the monkey, too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug. But what an experience! She had learned so much! And there was always WWF, 第四单元
（人教版）高中化学选修四（全册）最全考点汇总（打印版） 考点1 用盖斯定律进行有关反应热的计算 【考点定位】本考点考查用盖斯定律进行有关反应热的计算, 巩固对盖斯定律的理解, 提升应用盖斯定律解决问题的能力, 重点是灵活应用盖斯定律. 【精确解读】 1．内容：化学反应不管是一步完成还是分几步完成, 其反应热是相同的；即化学反应热只与其反应的始态和终态有关, 而与具体反应进行的途径无关； 2．应用： a．利用总反应和一个反应确定另一个反应的热效应； b．热化学方程式之间可以进行代数变换等数学处理； 3．反应热与键能关系 ①键能：气态的基态原子形成1mol化学键释放的最低能量．键能既是形成1mol化学键所释 放的能量, 也是断裂1mol化学键所需要吸收的能量． ②由键能求反应热：反应热等于断裂反应物中的化学键所吸收的能量(为“+”)和形成生成 物中的化学键所放出的能量(为“-”)的代数和．即△H=反应物键能总和-生成物键能总和=∑E反-∑E生 ③常见物质结构中所含化学键类别和数目：1mol P4中含有6mol P-P键；1mol晶体硅中含 有2mol Si-Si键；1mol金刚石中含有2molC-C键；1mol二氧化硅晶体中含有4mol Si-O 键. 【精细剖析】 1．盖斯定律的使用方法：
①写出目标方程式； ②确定“过渡物质”(要消去的物质)； ③用消元法逐一消去“过渡物质”． 例如： ①Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO2 △H1 ②3Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)=2Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g)△H2 ③Fe3O4(s)+CO(g)=3FeO(s)+CO2(g)△H3 求反应FeO(s)+CO(g)=Fe(s)+CO2(g)△H4的焓变 三个反应中, FeO、CO、Fe、CO2是要保留的, 而与这四种物质无关的Fe2O3、Fe3O4要通过方程式的叠加处理予以消去, 先②+③×2-①×3先消除Fe3O4, 再消除Fe2O3, 得到④6Fe(s)+6CO2(g)=6FeO(s)+6CO(g)△H5, ④逆过来得到 ⑤6FeO(s)+6CO(g)=6Fe(s)+6CO2(g)-△H5, 再进行⑤÷6, 得到△H4=-； 2．计算过程中的注意事项： ①热化学方程式可以进行方向改变, 方向改变时, 反应热数值不变, 符号相 反； ②热化学方程式中物质的化学计量数和反应热可以同时改变倍数； ③热化学方程式可以叠加, 叠加时, 物质和反应热同时叠加； ④当对反应进行逆向时, 反应热数值不变, 符号相反. 【典例剖析】己知：Mn(s)+O2(g)═MnO2(s)△H l S(s)+O2(g)═SO2(g)△H2 Mn(s)+S(s)+2O2(g)═MnSO4(s)△H3 则下列表述正确的是( ) A．△H2＞0 B．△H3＞△H1 C．Mn+SO2═MnO2+S△H=△H2-△H1 D．MnO2(s)+SO2(g)═MnSO4(s)△H═△H3-△H2-△H1 【答案】D
新人教版高中数学必修四教材分析
一、教材分析的理论 本文分析的内容为新人A教版高中数学（必修四），运用系统理论进行研究，其出发点就是将教材看成是一个系统。分析系统的要素之间整体与部分的构成关系，以及形成的不同质态的分系统及其排列次序。 进行教材分析，首先从整个数学教育发展到教师个人专业成长，再到课堂教学等方面研究教材分析的意义；然后，按照树立正确教材观、深刻理解课标、分析教材特点、分析教材内容结构、处理教材等步骤研究如何科学分析高中数学教材，其中的案例均来自人教A版高中数学(必修四)；最后，结合典例分析的感悟，提出了高中数学教材分析时应坚持的思想性、实践性、整体性及发展性原则，以提升教材分析的效果。 二、数学必修四第三章的教材分析 从系统上看作为新课程高中数学非常重要的必修四，它是由“第一章三角函数、第二章平面向量、第三章三角恒等变换”三部分内容组成。内容层层递进，逐步深入，这对于发展学生的运算和推理能力都有好处。 本章内容以三角恒等变换重点，体会向量方法的作用，并利用单位圆中的三角函数线、三角形中的边角关系等建立的正弦、余弦值的等量关系。在两角差的余弦公式的推导中体现了数形结合思想以及向量方法的应用；从两角差的余弦公式推出两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式，二倍角的正弦、余弦和正切公式的过程中，始终引导学生
体会化归思想；在应用公式进行恒等变换的过程中，渗透了观察、类比、特殊化、化归等思想方法。特别是充分发挥了“观察”“思考”“探究”等栏目的作用，对学生解决问题的一般思路进行引导。教材还对三角变换中的数学思想方法作了明确的总结。 本章还强调了用向量方法推导差角的余弦公式，并用三角函数之间的关系推导和（差）角公式、二倍角公式。要把重点放在培养学生的推理能力和运算能力上，降低变换的技巧性要求。教学时应当把握好这种“度”，遵循“标准”所规定的内容和要求，不要随意补充知识点（如半角公式、积化和差与和差化积公式，这些公式只是作为基本训练的素材，结果不要求记忆，更不要求运用）。 三、数学必修四第三章第一课时的教材分析 3.1教学要求： 基本要求： ①能利用和、差、倍角的公式进行基本的变形，并证明三角恒等式。 ②能利用三角恒等变换研究三角函数的性质。 ③能把一些实际问题化为三角问题，通过三角变换解决。 发展要求： ①了解和、差、倍角公式的特点，并进行变形应用。 ②理解三角变换的基本特点和基本功能。 ③了解三角变换中蕴藏的数学思想和方法。 3.2重点难点：