被动语态的构成
- 格式:doc
- 大小:49.50 KB
- 文档页数:6
被动语态被动语态的最基本构成是:be + done (动词的过去分词形式)被动语态和时态是分不开的。
很多时态都有其被动语态形式。
总结如下:1) 一般现在时一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,其方法与名词单数变复数的方法相同。
另外,be和have有特殊的人称形式,be在I后为am;在he,she,it后为is;在we,you,they后为are;have在第三人称单数后为has,在其他人称后仍为have。
被动语态:be(am/is/are) + done (by)主动语态:Everyone likes her.被动语态:She is liked by everyone.2) 现在进行时现在进行时由“be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成,其否定式是在be后加not,疑问式是将be 提前。
They are building a new school in our village.She is cleaning the classroom.被动语态:be(am/is/are) being doneA new school is being built in our village.The classroom is being cleaned (by her).3) 现在完成时现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。
否定式在have (has) 后加not,疑问式将have (has) 提前。
They have built a new school in our village.I have taught English for 20 years.被动语态:have/has been + doneA new school has been built in our village.4) 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been + 现在分词”构成。
英语语法基础入门:被动语态的构成1 被动语态的构成被动语态的句子是由助动词be +过去分词这个形式构成的,过去分词永远不变,所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化,都体现在助动词be的变化上。
如果助动词be 的变化掌握得好,被动语态就很容易掌握。
1 主动语态转换为被动语态(新)主语(由原句宾语变成)be +过去分词,原主语变为介词by的宾语译:〔主动句〕昨天这个淘气的小男孩打破了一个玻璃杯。
〔被动句〕昨天一个玻璃杯被这个淘气的小男孩打破了。
如果想熟练地掌握被动语态,必须首先对主动句的结构了解,对句子的成分清楚。
变换时,请遵循下列步骤:步骤1 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。
步骤2 把动词改为被动形式即“be + 过去分词”,这个步很容易出错,要特别注意,这时的动词的人称和数要随着新的主语(原来主动句中的宾语)而变,同时be 动词的时态要按照原来主动语态的时态而不变,be 动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动语态句子中的动词的过去分词。
(在被动语态的句子中必定要有一个be 动词,不管它是什么形式的。
)步骤3 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要,就放在by 后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by 是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。
)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,能够省略。
步骤4 其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。
上述例句的变换步骤:①原主动句中的宾语a glass 变为主语。
②谓语动词break 的被动形式:be +过去分词因为新的主语a glass 是单数,第三人称原句是过去时,所以谓语动词为was broken。
③原句中的主语the(naughty)boy 放在介词by(被)后面。
④其它的成分不变:naughty 作定语还是放在boy 前面修饰它。
时间状语yesterday 不变。
2 被动语态的十种时态1.一般现在时学生们每天打扫教室。
被动句:〔否定句〕The classroom isn’t cleaned every day.〔疑问句〕Is the classroom cleaned every day?Yes, it is.No, is isn’t.说明一般时被动句的be 动词变化:①应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化。
英语被动语态的结构被动语态的句子是以《be动词+过去分词》的形式来表达,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by~,译为“被(由)”。
1 被动语态的句型肯定句:主语+be +过去分词+(by~).否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by~).一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
2 被动语态的十种时态以动词give为例,其被动语态的各种时态构成如下:1.一般现在时History is made by the people.历史是人民创造的。
2.一般过去时These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
3.一般将来时Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.李明将被邀请参加讲座。
4.现在进行时A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。
5.过去进行时The roads were being widened.路那时正在加宽。
6.现在完成时He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往去上海工作了。
7.过去完成时A new hotel had been built when I got there.我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
8.过去将来时He said a new hotel would be built in two months.他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。
3 被动语态的否定句和疑问句English is not used in European countries.欧洲国家不使用英语。
Is English used in European countries?欧洲国家使用英语吗?1.否定句凡是有be动词的句子,其否定句都是在be动词的后面加not,被动语态也不例外。
被动语态的构成和用法技巧被动语态是英语中常用的一种句式结构,它使句子的主语变为动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
在实际应用中,掌握被动语态的构成和灵活运用是提高写作能力的重要一步。
本文将详细介绍被动语态的构成和用法技巧。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由"be"动词的不同形式和过去分词构成。
根据时态的不同,"be"动词的形式有所变化。
1. 现在时态被动语态的构成第一人称和第三人称单数形式的"be"动词为"is",第二人称和复数形式的"be"动词为"are"。
过去分词加在"be"动词后面,形成被动语态的主谓结构。
例如:- 主动语态:Tom feeds the dog every day.- 被动语态:The dog is fed by Tom every day.2. 过去时态被动语态的构成"be"动词的过去式形式为"was"(第一和第三人称单数形式)或"were"(第二人称和复数形式)。
过去分词加在"be"动词后面,形成被动语态的主谓结构。
例如:- 主动语态:They repaired the car yesterday.- 被动语态:The car was repaired by them yesterday.3. 将来时态被动语态的构成"be"动词的将来时态形式为"will be"。
过去分词加在"be"动词后面,形成被动语态的主谓结构。
例如:- 主动语态:We will finish the project next week.- 被动语态:The project will be finished by us next week.二、被动语态的用法技巧1. 强调动作承受者被动语态常用于强调动作的承受者,使其成为句子的焦点。
被动语态的10种时态形式一、一般现在时的被动语态:被动语态的一般现在时表示主语在现在时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:be + done。
例如:1. The book is read by me.(这本书被我阅读。
)2. The door is locked by him.(门被他锁上了。
)二、一般过去时的被动语态:被动语态的一般过去时表示主语在过去时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:was/were + done。
例如:1. The cake was eaten by them.(蛋糕被他们吃掉了。
)2. The letter was written by me.(信被我写了。
)三、一般将来时的被动语态:被动语态的一般将来时表示主语在将来时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:will be + done。
例如:1. The report will be sent by her.(报告将会被她发送。
)2. The package will be delivered tomorrow.(包裹将在明天被送达。
)四、现在进行时的被动语态:被动语态的现在进行时表示主语在现在进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:am/is/are being + done。
例如:1. The car is being washed by the workers.(汽车正在被工人清洗。
)2. The project is being discussed by the team.(项目正在被团队讨论。
)五、过去进行时的被动语态:被动语态的过去进行时表示主语在过去进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为:was/were being + done。
例如:1. The house was being renovated last month.(房子上个月正在进行装修。
)2. The document was being translated by the intern.(文件正在被实习生翻译。
被动语态的构成是be + 动词的过去分词1 一般现在时构成:“am/is/are+过去分词”。
Most paper work is now done by compter. 现在大多数文书工作都是由电脑完成的。
2 一般过去时构成:“was/were+过去分词”。
When was it developed?.它是什么时候被研制的?3 一般将来时构成:“will/shall+be+过去分词”。
More trees will be planed in our school 我们的学校要种植更多的树。
4 现在进行时构成:“am/is/are+being+过去分词”。
Is the accident now being looked into? 这个事故现在正在调查中吗?5 过去进行时构成:“was/were+being+过去分词”。
The hall was being built last year. I’m not sure if it is completed. 这个大厅去年正在修建,我不知道现在完成了没有。
6 现在完成时构成“have/has+bee n+过去分词”。
Has the sports meet been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?7 过去完成时构成:“had+been+过去分词”。
The fire had been put off when the firefighters arrived. 消防队员到达时,火已经被扑灭了。
8 将来完成时构成:“will/shall have+bee n+过去分词”。
The book I’m working on will have been finished by the end of the year. 我正写的这本书今年年末将会完成。
9过去将来完成时构成:“would/should have+been+过去分词“。
知识点被动语态的构成与应用被动语态是英语语法中的重要知识点,它在句子表达中起到了不可或缺的作用。
本文将探讨被动语态的构成和应用,并通过实例进行演示,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用被动语态。
被动语态的构成及应用被动语态由"be"动词的不同形式和过去分词构成,其中"be"动词的形式包括:am/is/are/was/were/been。
而过去分词则根据动词的不同形式而不同。
被动语态的应用范围广泛,常见于英语的口语和书面表达中。
一、被动语态的构成1. 现在时态的被动语态构成:被动语态的构成为:am/is/are + 过去分词。
例如:主动语态:She cleans the house every day.(她每天打扫房子。
)被动语态:The house is cleaned every day.(房子每天被打扫。
)2. 过去时态的被动语态构成:被动语态的构成为:was/were + 过去分词。
例如:主动语态:They repaired the car yesterday.(他们昨天修理了汽车。
)被动语态:The car was repaired yesterday.(汽车昨天被修理了。
)3. 将来时态的被动语态构成:被动语态的构成为:will be + 过去分词。
例如:主动语态:He will clean the room tomorrow.(他明天会打扫房间。
)被动语态:The room will be cleaned tomorrow.(房间明天会被打扫。
)二、被动语态的应用1. 强调动作的承受者:被动语态常用于强调动作的承受者,使得句子更加客观。
例如:主动语态:They built a new bridge.(他们建了一座新桥。
)被动语态:A new bridge was built by them.(一座新桥被他们建了。
)2. 忽略动作的执行者:在某些情况下,执行动作的人或事物并不重要,只关注动作的结果。
被动语态结构表一、被动语态的基本概念被动语态是一种动词形式,用于表达主语是动作承受者的句子。
在英语中,当不需要或不想指明动作的执行者,或者动作的执行者不重要时,常使用被动语态。
被动语态由“助动词be(或其变形)+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
二、被动语态的结构1.一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + done(过去分词)o The book is read by many students.2.一般过去时被动语态:was/were + doneo The window was broken last night.3.现在进行时被动语态:am/is/are being + doneo The new bridge is being built now.4.过去进行时被动语态:was/were being + doneo They were being interviewed when I arrived.5.现在完成时被动语态:have/has been + doneo The report has been submitted to the boss.6.过去完成时被动语态:had been + doneo By the time he arrived, the work had been finished.7.一般将来时被动语态:will/shall be + done 或am/is/are going to be + doneo The new museum will be opened next month.8.过去将来时被动语态:would be + done 或was/were going to be + doneo He said the meeting would be held the next day.三、被动语态的用法1.强调动作的承受者:当需要强调动作的接受者而非执行者时,使用被动语态。
被动语态的构成和用法被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构,它用于描述动作的接受者和发起者之间的关系。
在被动语态中,动作的接受者称为主语,而发起者则变为被动语态的动作执行者,常常由介词"by"引导。
被动语态的构成和用法对于学习英语的人来说非常重要。
本文将探讨被动语态的构成和用法,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由以下几个要素组成:1. 动词的被动形式:在被动语态中,动词的形式会发生变化。
一般情况下,动词在被动语态中应使用助动词"be"的不同形式与动词的过去分词相连。
例如:主动语态:They clean the house every week.(他们每周打扫房子。
)被动语态:The house is cleaned every week.(房子每周被打扫。
)2. 助动词的时态和人称:被动语态的助动词需要根据句子的时态和人称进行变化。
常用的助动词有"am/is/are"(现在时态)、"was/were"(过去时态)、"will be"(将来时态)等。
例如:现在时态:She eats an apple.(她吃一个苹果。
)现在被动语态:An apple is eaten by her.(一个苹果被她吃掉。
)过去时态:He wrote a letter.(他写了一封信。
)过去被动语态:A letter was written by him.(一封信被他写了。
)将来时态:They will clean the room tomorrow.(他们明天将会打扫房间。
)将来被动语态:The room will be cleaned by them tomorrow.(房间明天将会被他们打扫。
)二、被动语态的用法被动语态有以下几种常见的用法:1. 强调动作的接受者:被动语态常用于强调动作的接受者,而不是动作的执行者。
英语被动形式英语中的被动语态用于强调动作的接受者,而不是执行者。
被动语态的构成通常为:被被被被=被被被(am/is/are/was/were)+被被被被以下是一些关于被动语态的例子:1. 一般现在时(Simple Present Tense):-主动:She writes a letter. (她写一封信。
)-被动:A letter is written by her. (一封信被她写。
)2. 一般过去时(Simple Past Tense):-主动:He built a house. (他建造了一座房子。
)-被动:A house was built by him. (一座房子被他建造。
)3. 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense):-主动:They will complete the project. (他们将完成这个项目。
)-被动:The project will be completed by them. (这个项目将被他们完成。
)4. 现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense):-主动:She is writing a novel. (她正在写一本小说。
)-被动:A novel is being written by her. (一本小说正在被她写。
)5. 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense):-主动:They were cooking dinner. (他们正在做晚饭。
)-被动:Dinner was being cooked by them. (晚饭正在被他们做。
)这些例子展示了在不同时态下的被动语态构造。
被动语态常用于强调动作的接受者或者在不知道执行者是谁时。
需要注意的是,不是所有的动词都能构成被动语态。
被动语态的构成:助动词be +动词的过去分词。
英语中最常用的被动语态有十种:1.一般现在时:由am / are / is +done构成。
例如:I am often praised by the teachers. 我经常受到老师们的表扬。
He is a good teacher. He is respected by the teachers and his students. 他是位好老师,受到师生们的好评。
You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话。
2.一般过去时:由was / were+done构成。
例如:I was asked to go to Harbin on business yesterday.我昨天被派往哈尔滨出差了。
This teaching building was completed the day before yesterday.这栋教学大楼是前天竣工的。
She was criticized because she was late for school yesterday.由于昨天上学迟到,她受到了批评。
This novel was published in 1998. 这本小说是在1998年出版的。
3.一般将来时:由shall / will be+done构成。
例如:The sports meeting will be put off.运动会将被推迟。
I am sure that we shall be invited to the party.我们肯定会被邀请参加舞会的。
He will be sent to work the United States.他将被派往美国去工作。
4.一般过去将来时:由should / would be +done构成。
例如:He told me that he would be asked to attend the opening ceremony.他告诉我说他将被邀请参加开幕式。
She said that the work would be done by herself.她说她将自己做此工作。
I asked him if he would be criticized by the teacher. 我问他是否会受到老师的批评。
5.现在进行时:由am / are / is +being+done构成。
例如:The new teaching building is being built. 新的教学大楼正在修建。
The street in front of my house is being widened. 我家前面的那条街道正在加宽。
Listen! He is being punished by the teacher.听!老师在惩罚他。
6.过去进行时:由was/ were +being+done构成。
例如:He realized that he was being made fun of.他意识到有人在取笑他。
When I got there, the case which happened five days ago was being investigated.我到那儿时,五天前发生的案件正在调查。
My little brother was being scolded by my father when I got home.我到家时,我小弟弟正在受我父亲的责备。
7.现在完成时:由have / has +been+done构成。
例如:This class has been taught by me for three years. 这个班我已经教了三年了。
He has been praised since he came here.自从他来这儿以来,一直受到表扬。
This computer has been repaired. 这台电脑已经修好了。
This novel has been translated into English and French.这本小说已被译成了英语和法语。
8.过去完成时:由had +been+done构成:例如:By the time I came back, the work had been finished.到我回来时,此工作已经完成。
When I got there , he had been killed.我到那儿时,他已经被人杀害了。
He told me that production costs in their factory had been greatly reduced.他告诉我说他们工厂的生产成本大大地降低了。
9.将来完成时:由shall / will +have+been+done构成。
例如:The work will have been finished by the time I come back. 到我回来时此工作将已完成。
The new factory will have been completed by the end of this month.到这个月末,这个新工厂将已竣工。
10.过去将来完成时:由should / would +have+been+done构成。
例如:It was reported that this building would have been completed by the end of this month.据报道,这栋楼将在这个月未以前将已竣工。
He said that Book one would have been finished by the end of this term.他说到本学期末以前第一册书将已学完。
现将各种时态的被动语态的构成列表如下:时间现在过去将来过去将来一般时am(are, is ) done was / were doneshall / will be done should / would be done进行时am (are, is )being done was /were being done完成时have(has)been donehad been doneshall / will have been done would have been done情态动词和一些特殊情况的被动态:1.情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。
例如:This work must be finished before tomorrow. 此工作必须在明天以前完成。
She should have been criticized for her carelessness in the exam.她在考试中粗心大意,本来应该受到批评。
He must have been injured in that accident.在那次事故中他一定受伤了。
As we have known, good things can be turned into bad things.众所周知,好事也能变成坏事。
2.have to do , ought to do , be to do , 和 be going to do的被动式是把do变成be done。
例如:If you think we are to be bullied, you are wrong.如果你认为我们好欺侮的话,你错了。
This book is going to be finished next week.这本书将在下周写完。
This problem ought to have been taken into consideration.这个问题本来应该考虑吗。
在以下情况用被动语态:1.不知道或也没有必要说明动作的执行者时:例如:This city is well supplied with water.这个城市供水情况良好。
The meeting has been postponed till Friday.会议延期到星期五举行。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.请参观者不要用手摸展品。
2.当说话人强调动作的执行者时:例如:This school was set up by me. 这所学校是我办的。
This teaching building was designed by my brother.这栋教学楼是我弟弟设计的。
常用的被动句句型1、主语+get+过去分词+其他。
本句型在口语中用的比较多。
其特点不能和by+动作的执行者连用。
例如:She got killed in the First World War.她在第一次世界大战中被杀害。
He got dismissed from the factory yesterday.昨天他被工厂开除了。
This story eventually got translated into English. 这篇小说终于译成了英语。
2、主语+be+形容词+to+be+过去分词+其他。
本句型的特点:谓语是由两部分合成的。
第一部分是“be+形容词”起着辅助说明的作用;而第二部分是不定式的被动态,起着决定性的作用。
例如:She was unlucky to be injured in that accident.她不幸的是在事故中受伤。
No matter where you go, you are bound to be received warmly. 你无论到哪儿,一定会受到热情地接待。
Cast Iron is apt to be broken.生铁容易破裂。
3、主语+谓语+to be +过去分词+其它。
本句型的特点:谓语由两部分构成。
第一部分是主动态,而第二部分是被动语态,是此句型表达的主要内容。
例如:Would you like to be taught English? 你愿意学习英语吗?He asked to be sent to work in the countryside after graduation.毕业之后他请求到农村去工作。
He seemed to be shut up in himself like a shellfish.他看来像贝壳似地把自己关闭起来,一点也不作声。
4、主语+被动式谓语+介词或者副词+by执行者。
本句型的特点是:被动的谓语动词之后本来就带有介词或者副词,一定要注意介词和副词不能省略。
例如:She was well looked after when I was away.当我不在时,她被照顾得很好。