A
abhor vt.憎恶,痛恨to regard with extreme repugnance:LOATHE
accelerate v.加速,促进to cause to move faster
accessible adj.易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的
1.capable of being reached;2easy to speak or deal with
accurate adj.正确的,精确的conforming exactly to truth or to a standard accuracy n.精确性,正确度
adjacent adj.邻近的,接近的not distant:NEARBY
advantageous adj.有利的giving an advantage:FAVORABLE
advocate n.提倡者,鼓吹者vt.提倡,鼓吹:to plead in favor of
aforementioned adj.上述的,前述的:mentioned previously
alert,alertly adj.提防的,警惕的watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency amass vt.收集,积聚(尤指财富)
1:to collect for oneself:ACCUMULATE;2to collect into a mass:GATHER Ambrosia n.特别美味的食物something extremely pleasing to taste or smell
anomaly n.不规则,异常的人或物
anxiety n.忧虑,焦急;渴望,热望
1an abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear
2fearful concern or interest
3a cause of anxiety
appall vt.使胆寒,使惊骇to overcome with consternation,shock,or dismay
appalling adj.令人震惊的,骇人听闻的inspiring horror,dismay,or disgust
appear vi.出现,看来,似乎
1.to be or come in sight;to show up
2.to have an outward aspect:SEEM
appropriate adj.适当的especially suitable or compatible:FITTING
apt adj.易于...的,有...倾向的unusually fitted or qualified:READY;having a tendency
灵敏的,灵巧的keenly intelligent and responsive
适当的suited to a purpose;especially:being to the point
arouse vt.唤醒,唤起to awaken from sleep
鼓励,引起to rouse or stimulate to action or to physiological readiness for activity
vi.睡醒to awake from sleep:STIR
as of late
astute adj.机敏的,狡猾的having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity:CRAFTY,WILY attribute n.属性,品质,特征an inherent characteristic
v.加于,归结于to explain by indicating a cause
authoritative adj.权威的,有权威的,命令的having or proceeding from authority:OFFICIAL
B
back and forth adv.来来回回:backward and forward
barely adv.仅仅,刚刚in a meager manner:PLAINLY
几乎不能SCARCELY,HARDLY
barter n/v.物品交换,交换to trade or exchange by or as if by bartering
behold vt.把...视为to perceive through sight or apprehension:SEE
vi.看used in the imperative especially to call attention
beneficial adj.有益的,受益的,[法律]有使用权的conferring benefits
bind v.绑,约束to confine,restrain,or restrict as if with bonds
镶边,装订to wrap around with something so as to enclose or cover
bizarre adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)
strikingly out of the ordinary:odd,extravagant,or eccentric in style or mode
blunder v.跌跌撞撞地走to move unsteadily or confusedly
犯大错,做错to make a mistake through stupidity,ignorance,or carelessness n.大错a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity,ignorance,or carelessness border n.边界,国界,边,边沿,边境an outer part or edge
vt.与...接壤,接近to touch at the edge or boundary:BOUND;v.接壤to lie on the border breach n.违背,破坏infraction or violation of a law,obligation,tie,or standard
破裂,裂口a broken,ruptured,or torn condition or area b:a gap(as in a wall)made
by battering
vt.打破,突破1.BREAK,VIOLATE;2to make a breach in
bump(swell)n.肿块a swelling of tissue
v.碰(伤),撞(破)1:to strike or knock with force or violence2:to collide with bush n.矮树丛a:SHRUB;especially:a low densely branched shrub
by degrees adv.逐渐地
by right,by rights adv.正当的
C
candid adj.无偏见的,公正的,free from bias,prejudice,or malice:FAIR
坦白的,率直的marked by honest sincere expression
care n.注意,照料,烦恼,忧虑painstaking or watchful attention
vi.关心,顾虑1.to feel trouble or anxiety;喜爱 2.to have a liking,fondness,or taste
vt.在意to be concerned about or to the extent of
carve v.雕刻to cut with care or precision;切开to make or get by or as if by cutting celebrate v.庆祝,祝贺to honor(as a holiday)by solemn ceremonies
表扬,赞美to hold up or play up for public notice
举行to perform(a sacrament or solemn ceremony)publicly and with appropriate rites chart n.海图a map for the use of navigators;图表a sheet giving information in tabular form vt.制图to make a map or chart of
circulate v.(使)流通to pass from person to person or place to place
(使)循环,(使)传播to move in a circle,circuit,or orbit;especially:to follow a
course that returns to the starting point
classify vt.分类to assign(as a document)to a category;分等to arrange in classes
colleague n.同事,同僚an associate in a profession or in a civil or ecclesiastical office
collusion n.共谋,勾结secret agreement or cooperation especially for an illegal or deceitful purpose command v.命令,指挥to direct authoritatively:ORDER;支配to exercise a dominating influence over 俯临to overlook or dominate from or as if from a strategic position
commonplace n.平凡的事something commonly found;平常话an obvious or trite comment
adj.平凡的commonly found:ORDINARY,UNREMARKABLE
compromise n./v.妥协,折衷to adjust or settle by mutual concessions
危及...的安全to cause the impairment of
conceal vt.隐藏,隐蔽to place out of sight;隐瞒to prevent disclosure or recognition of confidential adj.秘密的,机密的PRIVATE,SECRET
conform vt.使一致to give the same shape,outline,or contour to:bring into harmony or accord
使遵守,使顺从to be obedient or compliant?usually used with to
congregate v.聚集to come together into a group,crowd,or assembly
conserve vt.保存,保藏to keep in a safe or sound state
considerably adv.相当地1.worth consideration:SIGNIFICANT;https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b6816837.html,rge in extent or degree conspicuous adj.显著的attracting attention:STRIKING
contemporary adj./n.当代的,同时代的(人)
happening,existing,living,or coming into being during the same period of time contrast vt.使与...对比,使与...对照
to set off in contrast:compare or appraise in respect to differences
convenient adj.便利的,方便的suited to personal comfort or to easy performance
counter n.计算器,计数器柜台,筹码
adv./prep.相反地in an opposite or wrong direction
craggy adj.多峭壁的,崎岖的1.full of crags:craggy slopes;2ROUGH,RUGGED:a craggy face critic n.批评家,评论家one who expresses a reasoned opinion on any matter
吹毛求疵者one given to harsh or captious judgment
crush vt.压碎,碾碎to squeeze or force by pressure so as to alter or destroy structure curious
D
damage n.损害,伤害loss or harm resulting from injury to person,property,or reputation
v.招致损害to cause damage to
decay vi./n.腐朽,腐烂,衰减,衰退to decrease gradually in quantity,activity,or force defeat n./v.击败DESTROY;战胜to win victory over:BEATdeficit
den n.兽穴,洞穴the lair of a wild usually predatory animaldesolate
detachable adj.可分开的,可分离的,可分遣的able to separate
deter v.阻止1.to turn aside,discourage,or prevent from acting;2.INHIBIT
dim adj.暗淡的,模糊的lacking pronounced,clear-cut,or vigorous quality or character discerning adj.有辨识能力的showing insight and understanding:DISCRIMINATING
discord n.不一致,意见不合lack of agreement or harmony v.不和DISAGREE,CLASH disseminate v.散布1.to spread abroad as though sowing seed;2to disperse throughout
distinct adj.清楚的,明显的presenting a clear unmistakable impression
截然不同的,独特的distinguishable to the eye or mind as discrete:SEPARATE draft n.草案,草图vt.起草,为...打样,to draw the preliminary sketch,version,or plan of due to adv.由于,应归于
duplicate adj.复制的,两倍的consisting of or existing in two corresponding or identical parts or examples adj.完全相同的being the same as another：*duplicate copies
n.复制品,副本an additional copy of something
vt.复写,复制to make a copy of使加倍,使成双to make double or twofold
E
earmark v.加上记号to mark in a distinguishing manner
elaborate adj.精心制作的,详细阐述的,精细的planned or carried out with great care
vt.精心制作to produce by labor；详细阐述to expand something in detail
eligible adj.符合条件的,合格的qualified to participate or be chosen:ENTITLED
emancipate vt.释放,解放to free from restraint,control,or the power of another
embrace vt.拥抱,互相拥抱to clasp in the arms:HUG;
包含to take in or include as a part,item,or element of a more inclusive whole
emit vt.发出,放射to throw or give off or out(as light);发表,发行to issue with authority encourage vt.鼓励to inspire with courage,spirit,or hope:HEARTEN;怂恿to spur on
enhance vt.提高RAISE;增强HEIGHTEN,INCREASE
entangle vt.使缠上,to wrap or twist together:INTERWEA VE
纠缠,卷入to involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation
entitle vt.授权,授权to furnish with proper grounds for seeking or claiming something
给...题名,给...称号to give a title to:DESIGNATE
epoch n.新纪元an event or a time marked by an event;时代,时期an extended period of time erode,erosion vt.侵蚀,腐蚀to diminish or destroy by degrees
essential adj.本质的,基本的of,relating to,or constituting essence
提炼的,精华的of the utmost importance:BASIC
n.本质,实质something basic;要素,要点something necessary,indispensable evacuate v.撤出to remove especially from a military zone;排泄to discharge from the body as waste exceed vt.超越to go beyond a limit set by;胜过to be greater than or superior to
excerpt n.vt.摘录,引用to select(a passage)for quoting:EXTRACT
exhilarating adj.令人喜欢的,使人愉快的being able to make cheerful
expanse n.宽阔,膨胀扩张great extent of something spread out;天空FIRMAMENT
extend v.扩充to spread or stretch forth:UNBEND；延伸,伸展to increase the bulk of extravagant adj.奢侈的,浪费的放纵的lacking in moderation,balance,and restraint
过分的exceeding the limits of reason or necessity
F
face n.脸the front part of the human head面容,表情facial expression
vt.面对,面向to confront impudently
fame n.名声,名望public estimation:REPUTATION
fancy adj.奇特的,异样的dependent or based on fancy:WHIMSICAL
vt.想象,设想to form a conception of:IMAGINE；n.爱好,迷恋amorous fondness:LOVE faucet n.龙头a fixture for drawing or regulating the flow of liquid especially from a pipe
feature n.特征,特色a prominent part or characteristic；容貌,physical beauty
fellow n.人,家伙MAN,BOY；伙伴an incorporated member of
fictitious adj.假想的,编造的,虚伪的of,relating to,or characteristic of fiction:IMAGINARY final analysis n.最终分析
fizz n./vi.嘶嘶响to make a hissing or sputtering sound;兴奋to show excitement or exhilaration flaw n.缺点,瑕疵a defect in physical structure or form;vt.使有缺陷to make flaws in
flicker v.摇曳,闪烁to move irregularly or unsteadily:FLUTTER n.闪烁an act of flickering forbidden adj.禁止的,严禁的not permitted or allowed
foster vt.养育,抚育to give parental care to:NURTURE
fragrance n.芬芳,香气,香味a sweet or delicate odor
frightening adj.令人恐惧的,引起突然惊恐的causing to be afraid of
fuel n.燃料a material used to produce heat or power by burning
fund n.资金,基金a sum of money or other resources;v.支助,投资to provide funds for
G
gain vt.得到,赚到to acquire or get possession of增加to make an increase of
gemstones n.经雕琢的宝石a petrified material that when cut and polished can be used in jewelry glisten v.闪光to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection of or as if of a moist or polished surface goods n.货物something that has economic utility or satisfies an economic want
graphic adj.绘画似的,图解的of,relating to,or represented by a graph
grave n.坟墓an excavation for burial of a body
v.雕刻to carve or shape with a chisel:SCULPTURE
adj.严重的significantly serious:CONSIDERABLE,GREAT
grumpy adj.脾气坏的,性情乖戾的moodily cross:SURLY
H
hardly adv.刚刚,仅Barely;just;几乎不certainly not
hatch vt.孵,孵出to produce young by incubation;舱口,舱口盖a small door or opening
hearty adj.衷心的,亲切的enthusiastically or exuberantly cordial
精神饱满的,丰盛的,强烈的VIGOROUS,VEHEMENT
hostile adj.敌对的,敌方的of or relating to an enemy
huge adj.巨大的,极大的,无限的very large or extensive
hybrid n.杂种,混血儿an offspring of two animals or plants of different races,breeds,species,or genera adj.混合的,杂种的
I
ignore vt.不理睬,忽视1.to refuse to take notice of;to reject(a bill of indictment)as ungrounded imitate vt.模仿,仿效1.to produce a copy of:REPRODUCE;2to follow as a pattern,model,or example imperceptible adj.感觉不到的not perceptible by a sense or by the mind:extremely slight,gradual,or subtle increase vi.增加to become progressively greater,繁殖to multiply by the production of young indefinite adj.模糊的,不确定的not definite;not precise:V AGUE
indicative adj.(～of)指示的,预示的,可表示的serving to indicate
induce vt.劝诱,促使to move by persuasion or influence;导致,引起EFFECT,CAUSE ingenious adj.机灵的showing or calling for intelligence,aptitude,or discernment
有独创性的marked by originality,resourcefulness,and cleverness in conception or execution inhibit v.抑制to hold in check:RESTRAIN;约束:to prohibit from doing something insatiable adj.不知足的,贪求无厌的incapable of being satisfied:QUENCHLESS
inspiring adj.灌输的,鼓舞的having an animating or exalting effect
insult n.侮辱,凌辱a gross indignity
vt.侮辱,凌辱to treat with insolence,indignity,or contempt:AFFRONT;
intense adj.强烈的existing in an extreme degree热情的exhibiting strong feeling of purpose intricate adj.复杂的,错综的having many complexly interrelating parts or elements:COMPLICATED 难以理解的difficult to resolve or analyze
inundate v.淹没to cover with a flood:OVERFLOW
invent vt.发明,创造to produce(as something useful)for the first time
L
landmark n.地界标an object(as a stone or tree)that marks the boundary of land
里程碑,划时代的事an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage lateral adj.横(向)的,侧面的of or relating to the side
legendary adj.传说中的of,relating to,or characteristic of legend or a legend
liberate v.解放,释放to set at liberty:FREE;
limited adj.有限的,狭窄的confined within limits:RESTRICTED
缺乏创见的:lacking breadth and originality literally
locale n.现场a place or locality especially when viewed in relation to a particular event or characteristic ludicrous adj.可笑的,滑稽的meriting derisive laughter or scorn as absurdly inept,false,or foolish lyrical adj.抒情诗调的,充满感情的:LYRIC
M
magnificence n.华丽,富丽堂皇the quality or state of being magnificent
mandatory adj.命令的,强制的Required or commanded by authority;obligatory
mar v.弄坏,毁坏to inflict serious bodily harm on:DESTROY
mature adj.成熟的,到期的having completed natural growth and development:RIPE merchandise n.商品,货物the commodities or goods that are bought and sold in business:WARES minuscule adj.小字写的written in or in the size or style of minuscules,极小的very small
misleading adj.易误解的,令人误解的leading in a wrong direction or into a mistaken action moderately adv.适度地avoiding extremes of behavior or expression:CALM,TEMPERATE motionless adj.不动的,静止的without any motion
muscular adj.肌肉的of,relating to,or constituting muscle;强健的having well-developed musculature mutation n.变化,转变a significant and basic alteration:CHANGE
N
naked adj.裸体的,无遮盖的not covered by clothing:NUDE
无装饰的,无保护的not provided with a shade
nominal adj.名义上的,有名无实的of,relating to,or constituting a name
nourishment n.食物,营养品a:FOOD,NUTRIMENT b:SUSTENANCE
now and then adv.偶然from time to time:OCCASIONALLY
O
oath n.誓言,宣誓,诅咒a solemn attestation of the truth or inviolability of one's words obstacle n.障碍,妨害物something that impedes progress or achievement
ominous adj.预兆的,恶兆的being or exhibiting an omen:PORTENTOUS;
on the spot adv.当场,在危险中,处于负责地位
operation n.运转,操作,实施,作用,业务,工作,手术
option n.选项,选择权the power or right to choose:freedom of choice
outlawe n.歹徒a lawless person or a fugitive from the law
逃犯a person excluded from the benefit or protection of the law
v.宣布...为不合法to deprive of the benefit and protection of law:declare to be an outlaw overlap v.(与...)交迭to extend over or past and cover a part of
overwhelm vt.淹没,覆没to cover over completely:SUBMERGE颠覆，推翻UPSET,OVERTHROW
P
panacea n.万能药a remedy for all ills or difficulties:CURE-ALL
particle n.粒子,极小量,微粒a minute quantity or fragment
passing n.经过,消逝(死)the act of one that passes or causes to pass;especially:DEATH adj.经过的going by or past及格的given on satisfactory completion of an examination path n.小路,小径a trodden way路线,轨道a track specially constructed for a particular use penetrate vt.穿透,渗透to pass into or through;洞察to discover the inner contents or meaning of perennial adj.终年的,长期的,永久的PERSISTENT,ENDURING
perjury n.伪誓,伪证the voluntary violation of an oath or vow:false swearing
perplexing adj.复杂的,令人困惑的causing to make intricate or involved
phenomenon n.现象an observable fact or event
plot n.小块土地a small area of planted ground
(小说的)情节the plan or main story of a literary work
vi.密谋,策划to plan or contrive especially secretly
point out v.指出
poll n民意测验a questioning or canvassing of persons selected at random
v.投票to question or canvass in a poll
posthumously adj.死的的，遗腹的born after the death of the father
praise vt.赞扬,歌颂to express a favorable judgment of:COMMEND
precision n.精密度,精度the quality or state of being precise:EXACTNESS
predominantly adv.支配地PREDOMINANTLY
prevail vi.流行,盛行to be or continue in use or fashion:PERSIST
获胜,成功to gain ascendancy through strength or superiority:TRIUMPH
primitive adj.原始的,远古的of or relating to the earliest age or period:PRIMEV AL
粗糙的,简单的
private adj.私人的,私有的belonging to or concerning an individual person,company,or interest profitable adj.有利可图的affording profits:yielding advantageous returns or results
promotion n.促进;提升,晋升the act of furthering the growth or development of something propagate v.繁殖to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction
传播,宣传to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area:EXTEND prospect n.景色something extended to the view:SCENE前景an extensive view
vi.寻找,勘探to explore an area especially for mineral deposits
pulp n.(水果的)果肉the soft,succulent part of a fruit
puzzling adj.使迷惑的difficult to understand or solve
R
range n.山脉a series of mountains行列a series of things in a line:ROW
范围,射程the space or extent included,covered,or used:SCOPE
vt.排列to set in a row or in the proper order;归类to assign to a category:CLASSIFY reach n.范围:a continuous stretch or expanse;vt.到达,达到to stretch out:EXTEND rebel n.造反者one who rebels or participates in a rebellion
adj.造反的,叛逆的DISOBEDIENT,REBELLIOUS
v.造反,反叛to oppose or disobey one in authority or control
recipient n.容纳者,容器one that receives:RECEIVER
recycle v.重复利用to adapt to a new use:ALTER n.再循环the process of recycling
refrain n.重复,叠句a regularly recurring phrase or verse;vi.节制,避免CURB,RESTRAIN regrettably adv.抱歉地,遗憾地1.to a regrettable extent;2:it is to be regretted
relate vt.叙述,讲to give an account of:TELL
使联系,发生关系to show or establish logical or causal connection between reluctantly adv.不情愿地,嫌恶地feeling or showing aversion,hesitation,or unwillingness remote adj.遥远的,偏僻的far removed in space or time
repair n.修理,修补to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken research n.研究careful or diligent search vi.研究,调查to search or investigate exhaustively resort vi.求助,诉诸to have recourse；常去to go especially frequently or habitually
度假胜地a place providing recreation and entertainment
常去之地frequent,habitual,or general visiting
restore vt.恢复,使回复to bring back to or put back into a former or original state
归还,交还to put again in possession
revere v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬to show devoted deferential honor to
rewarding adj.报答的,有益的,值得的yielding or likely to yield a reward:V ALUABLE rudimentary adj.根本的consisting in first principles:FUNDAMENTAL未发展的of a primitive kind run-down adj.破败的，衰败的being in poor repair:DILAPIDATED n..纲要,总结
S
scarcely adv.几乎不,简直没有almost not;certainly not;probably not
scenery n.风景,景色a picturesque view or landscape
scrupulous adv.小心翼翼地,多顾虑地acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper secretly adv.秘密地,背地里
seek v.寻找,探索to go in search of:look for;寻求to ask for:REQUEST
sensible adj.明智的,有判断力的perceptible to the senses or to reason or understanding shade n.荫,阴暗comparative darkness or obscurity owing to interception of the rays of light sheer adj.全然的UTTER峻峭的marked by great and continuous steepness
透明的of very thin or transparent texture
v.使避开to deviate from a course:SWERVE
shield n.防护物,盾one that protects or defends:DEFENSE
vt.(from)保护to protect with or as if with a shield:provide with a protective cover or shelter silently adv.默默地,静静地free from sound or noise:STILL
site n.地点,场所the spatial location of an actual or planned structure or set of structures sketch n.略图,草图a rough drawing representing the chief features
slim adj.苗条的,纤细的of small diameter in proportion to the height or length:SLENDER socket n.孔,插座,糟an opening or hollow that forms a holder for something
solitary adj.孤独的1being,living,or going alone or without companions2saddened by isolation sophisticated adj.诡辩的,久经世故的not in a natural,pure,or original state:ADULTERATED spacious adj.广大的,大规模的:vast or ample in extent:ROOMY;large or magnificent in scale split v.劈开,(使)裂开to affect as if by cleaving or forcing apart
stain n.污点,瑕疵a soiled or discolored spot;v.染污,沾污to suffuse with color
static adj.静态的,静力的exerting force by reason of weight alone without motion strengthen v.加强,巩固to make stronger
strict adj.(～with)严格的stringent in requirement or control,,精确的EXACT,PRECISE stripe n.斑纹,条纹a stroke or blow with a rod or lash
stubborn adj.顽固的unreasonably or perversely unyielding:MULISH
难应付的,difficult to handle,manage,or treat
style n.风格a distinctive manner or custom of behaving or conducting oneself
文体a distinctive manner of expression
subtle adj.狡猾的highly skillful:EXPERT微妙的DELICATE,ELUSIVE;精细的REFINED supernatural adj.超自然的of or relating to an order of existence beyond the visible observable universe surpass vt.超越,胜过1to go beyond:OVERSTEP;2to become better,greater,or stronger than: suspicious adj.(～of)可疑的,怀疑的tending to arouse suspicion:QUESTIONABLE
swift adj.迅速的,快的,敏捷的in a swift manner:with speed:QUICKLY
symphony n.交响乐,交响曲a musical composition(as for organ)resembling such a symphony in
complexity or variety
T
take place v.发生To happen;occur.
temperature n.温度degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale
tension n.紧张(状态),不安张力the stress resulting from the elongation of an elastic body terrifying adj.恐怖的causing terror or apprehension
theory n.理论，原理the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another
timid adj.胆小的:lacking in boldness or determination
羞怯的lacking in courage or self-confidence
tolerate vt.忍受,容忍to suffer to be or to be done without prohibition
touching adj.动人的,令人同情的capable of arousing emotions of tenderness or compassion trace n.痕迹,踪迹a mark or line left by something that has passed;
微量a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication
transplant v.移植,移种,to transfer(an organ or tissue)from one part or individual to another
移民to remove from one place or context and settle or introduce elsewhere:relocate treasured n.财宝,财富wealth of any kind or in any form:RICHES
vt.珍爱,珍惜to hold or keep as precious:CHERISH,PRIZE
trickle v.滴流1a:to issue or fall in drops b:to flow in a thin gentle stream
tropical adj.热带的,热情的of,relating to,occurring in,or suitable for use in the tropics turbulence n.骚乱,动荡the quality or state of being turbulent
U
unaccustomed adj.不习惯的not habituated,不平常的not customary:not usual or common unbearable adj.无法忍受的,承受不住的not bearable:UNENDURABLE
uncalled-for adj.不必要的,多余的Not required or requested;unwanted
unquenchable adj.难抑制的Impossible to slake or satisfy:,不能消灭的mpossible to suppress
V
vacillate v.犹豫不定to waver in mind,will,or feeling:hesitate in choice of opinions or courses vandalism n.故意破坏公物，艺术的行为willful or malicious destruction or defacement of public
or private property
verify vt.检验,,查证to establish the truth,accuracy,or reality of
vigorous adj.精力旺盛的,有力的possessing vigor:full of physical or mental strength or
active force:STRONG
vivid adj.生动的，逼真的having the appearance of vigorous life or freshness:LIVELY
清晰的producing distinct mental images
W
warn vt.警告,注意,通知to give notice to beforehand especially of danger or evil
wed v.娶,嫁,结婚to take for wife or husband by a formal ceremony:MARRY widespread adj.分布广泛的widely extended or spread out;普遍的widely diffused or prevalent willing adj.自愿的inclined or favorably disposed in mind:READY
反应迅速的prompt to act or respond
withhold vt.抑制to hold back from action:CHECK;
拒给,to refrain from granting,giving,or allowing
vi.忍住:FORBEAR,REFRAIN
优质参考文档 TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclif easreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative at allofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing? (A)tRpical (B)satisfied (C)supportive (D)distinctive 002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1 843- 1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,pr oducingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces, whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehigh lR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing? (A)valued (B)universal (C)uncommon (D)preserved 003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid- 1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanew schoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathad beenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing? (A)surpassed (B)inclined (C)eRpressed (D)applied 004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbeha velikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10t o100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100ti mesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing? (A)records (B)speeds (C)distances (D)periods 005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaci ermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing? (A)pushing (B)releasing (C)strengthening (D)draining 006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouther nSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicew ould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?
历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5) Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived
Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious
词汇题练习—tpo1-7 1.The word “precious” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Exact b. scare c. valuable d.initial Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of …… 2.The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in mening to a.Explained b. visible c.identified d. located Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by…and now exposed in the Sahara desert. 3.The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Staying afloat b.changing direction c. decreasing weight d.moving forward The structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. 4.The word “threatened” in the passage is cloest in mening to a.Restricted b. endangered c. prevented d. rejected The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth’s land surface is threatened by this process. 5.The word “delicate” in the passage is cloest in meaning to a.Fragile b.predictable c. complex d.valuable The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmental pressures. 6.The word “progressively” in the passage is cloest in meaning to a.Openly b. impressively c. objectively d.increasingly The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. 7.The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Consisting of b. hidden by c. except for d. lacking in Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion. 8.The word “readily” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Frequently b. easily c. intelligently d. obviously Exhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time…. 9.The word “assistance” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Criticism b. leadership c. help d. approval …with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant…… 10.The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning to a.Was enlarged b. was improved c. was varied d. was rejected At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the miniscule peepshow dimensions of 1-2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet. 11.The word “out of sight” in the passage is closet in meaning to (A) far away (B) hidden (C) partly visible d discovered 12.The word “incredible” in the passage is closet in meaning to (A) confusing
A break with 分开a departure from Abundant 丰富的,充裕的plentiful Accelerated 加速increased Accessible易接近的,可靠近的available Accordingly 因此,从而consequently Accordingly 因此for that reason Account for 解释,说明explain Accumulated 积聚,积累built up Acute 敏锐的,剧烈的intense Adequate 充分的,足够的sufficient Adhere 坚持stick Administered 管理managed Adorned 装修decorated Advent 出现,到来arrival Adversely 逆向/反的negatively Aesthetically 美学的,艺术的artistically Affront 侮辱,冒犯insult Agents 动因,代理人causes Aided 帮助的helped Alert 警惕ware Allay 减轻,减少reduce Altered 改变changed Alternative 选择：option Altogether 完全的completely Annihilate 消灭,征服conquer Antecedent 先行的的,先辈predecessor Apace with 快速的,急速的as fast as Appeal 吸引attraction Appealing吸引人的attractive Apply to 应用于used for Appreciated赏识,意识到recognized Aptly 恰当的appropriately Article 物品object Ascribed to 归功于,认为assumed to be true of Assembling 聚集gathering Assortment 种类variety Astounding 惊讶的surprising At any rate 无论如何regardless 不管Attachment to 倾向于preference for Attained 达到,获得achieved Attained 达到,获得achieved Attained 获得reached Attendant 伴随的accompanying Attests to 证明give evidence of Attire 服装clothing Avail themselves 利用make use Barren 贫瘠的：infertile Besides 除此之外in addition to Bias 偏见prejudice Biting 尖锐的sharp Boosted 鼓舞raised Boosted推进raised Bound 系,绑tied Bounds 限制：limits Bring about 引起cause Brittle易碎的,脆弱的easily broken By virtue of 由于because of Calculated 计算,决定determined Came of age 出现了,成名了established itself Came to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要became important Carried on 继续continued Carry 承担：support Ceased 停止stop Celestial 天文学的：astronomical Chance 偶然的：unplanned Chronicle 记载,记录,编年史describe Circumscribed 限制restricted Classified 分类categorized Cluster 成群group Coarse 粗糙的crude Coarser 粗糙的rougher Cohesion 凝聚力unity Coincided with 一致,符合happened at the same time Coined 组成,创造：created Comparably 相似地：similarly Compelling 强迫地,又说服力的forceful Components 组成部分parts Concealed 隐藏covered Concentrated 集中：clustered Conclusive 总结性的definitive Concomitant with 同时发生的,与之伴随的in conjunction with Confine 限制restrict Confined 局限：limited Conflicting 对立的：apposing Conjectural 猜测的based on guessing Consciously 有意识地,故意地purposely Consequence 结果result Conserve 维持,保留retain Consist 一致的,协调的constant Consorted 交往associated Conspicuous 明显的noticeable Constant 持续的,一致的consistent Constituents 组成部分components Constituting 组成making up Consumed消耗,吃eaten Consumption 消费,吃eating
中国石油英语测试（中石油模拟托福）的考后留言 为了感谢从网上和线下获得了很多关于准备这个考试的信息与帮助，我把自己的心得也留下来与后来者分享，祝福大家找工作的过程中好运连连！ 其实托福对我并不陌生，早在2001年10月就参加了ETS的托福考试，也取得了不错的成绩，但当时因为暑假中接受了以沙云龙为首的4大新东方名师的指导，所以考试准备显得轻松很多，更无找工作的压力了。 这一次为了中石油模拟托福，我差不多投入了3个月时间来复习准备，一是对我近3、4年来放弃英语学习的惩罚，二是托福考试如果依靠自己单打独斗，不仅入门很慢，各方面信息和资料不完整都是致命的，尤其对于考试中心的出题方式来说。 一、复习材料 大致来说，考试的复习资料包括3个方面。因为中石油是以95年改革后的托福真题为题库进行随即抽考，所以材料是最关键的第一步： 1、95年8月至2004年12月的所有国内及北美考试题（已在国内流传数年）：大约48套 2、中国大百科全书出版社的《TOEFL全真试题集》，有16套题，但11套与上述材料1重复，1套访真题重复无意义，所以只有4套 3、科学出版社的《托福历年全真试题》，有16套，其中4套与上述材料1重复，1套访真题重复无意义，所以只有11套 这就是大致的复习范围，当然这都只是真题了，材料1网上可下载文字和MP3，材料3需要到中关村书店类似的地方买，有8盘磁带，材料2已经很难买到了，也有8盘磁带，所以需要的人只能去找找有05年之前参加过真正的托福考试的人了。 另外还有很多的托福机经、新东方笔记，这对复习很有帮助，知道自己错在哪里，如何更正等。这些可以在太傻论坛和gter论坛找得到。 二、复习 从具体的复习来看， 1、听力是最关键的，也是最难伺候的，很多时候都是因为听力太低没有过线。所以要反复加强听力的练习，所有真题都能达到听到即能做题的地步最好。既然是题库，你就有很大几率碰上原题的时候。另外，从提高英语实力的角度来说，听写是一个比较好的练习方法，可以坚持尝试，特别是听得很乏味的时候。
【考前练习】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题（二） 托福单词记忆对于大多数托福考生来说是一大难点。托福词汇的学习需要放在文章语境中去记忆和理解。以下为大家带来十道托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题(二)，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助! 021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead. The word “maintain” is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) improve (B) monitor (C) preserve (D) restore 022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word “considerable” is cl osest in meaning to which of following? (A) thoughtful (B) substantial (C) relational (D) ceremonial
托福阅读考试高频词汇 导读：本文托福阅读考试高频词汇，仅供参考，如果能帮助到您，欢迎点评和分享。 很多学生会选择出国留学，那么托福阅读考试高频词汇有哪些呢?跟着一起来看看吧!下面是收集的有关托福阅读考试高频词汇的资讯，欢迎阅读。 托福阅读考试高频词汇(一) glacier n.冰川 interval n.时间间隔 lodge n.小屋 mantle n.地幔 margin n.(湖，池等的)边缘 offshore adj.海面上的，远离岸的 orbit n.轨道 range n.山脉，多山的地区 mountain range mountain chain knot n.山脉的交结点 summit，top，crest，peak n.山顶 ravine n.峡谷 canyon n.峡谷
gorge n.峡谷 crevice n.断裂 precipice n.悬崖 cliff n.悬崖 receptacle n.接受器，容器，储存器remnant n.残余物 ridge n.脊背 sediment n.沉淀物 slope n.斜坡 tectonics n.构造学 topography n.地形学，地貌学tunnel n.隧道，地道 apply v.应用 cluster v.丛生，群聚 collide v.碰撞 compact v.压紧，固结concentrate v.集中 conduct v.传导 demolish v.破坏，粉碎 diffuse v.传播，扩散 dispose v.处理，处置 distribute v.散布，分布
drill v.钻孔，钻通 eliminate v.排除 erode v.侵蚀 evaporate v.蒸发 extract v.开采，提炼 hem v.给……镶边，包围hypothesize v.假设 insulate v.隔离 melt v.融化 impertinent adj.无关，鲁莽，不相干impenitent adj.不悔悟的n.不悔悟的人nonchalant adj.冷淡的，满不在乎的immobile adj.静止的n.稳定 breeze n.微风 frost n.霜 seep v.渗漏 plummet v.骤然跌落 fine shadow n.细微的差别 black gold n.石油 black diamond n.煤 as……go n.和……相比 skull n.头骨
TPO4 inhibit=restrict 限制，禁止inthesamebreath=immediately 立即 indefiniteperiod=whoseendhasnotbeendetermined rebound=recovery 复原，重获 amarkeddegree=aconsiderabledegree 很大程度上principal=major 主要的 environmentaltrappings=environmentaldecorations accumulate=buildup 累积adjacent=nearby 临近的sloping=inclining 倾斜的foul=pollute 污染 TPO5 exhibit=show 展示facilitate=makeeasier 促进suspended=hung 悬浮的afford=offer 提供，支付的起overwhelming=powerful 有力的，强大的implement=tool 工具undisputed=acknowledged 认可的，无可争议的significant=important 重要的不定期的装饰 relatively=comparatively 相对地
diversification=emergenceofmanyvarieties 多样化promote=encourage 激励 TPO6 exploit=utilize 利用vastly=greatly 极大地，深 远地growaccustomedto=becomeusedto 习惯于 retain=maintain 保持rudimentary=basic 基础的meticulously=carefully 仔细地，严谨地 endure=survive 忍受，存活virtually=nearly 事实 上，几乎plausible=believable 可信的 phenomenon=occurrence 现象，发生的事件 critically=fundamentally 根本地 perspective=viewpoint 观点 TPO7 objective=purpose 目的 scoresof=largenumbersof 大量的turbulent=violent 暴力的obsessionwith=fixationon 痴迷于 foster=encourage 培育，激励sphere=area 范围diffuse=spread 传播 profound=far-reaching 深远地 ritual=ceremonial 仪式flee=runawayfrom 逃避 TPO8 massive=verylarge 大量的 pinpoint=identifyprecisely 精确描述，精确定位ingenuity=cleverness 精巧predominant=principal 主 要的cope=adapt 处理，适应 fluctuation=variation 变化，波动bombard=strike 敲 击，轰炸disruption=disturbance 干扰
历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in 2
10中石油内部的托福经验中石油托福成绩査询10中石油内部的托福经验中石油托福 成绩查询 话题:中石油托福成绩查询无老师总结经验托福 中石油内部的托福经验【无老师力荐】May 3rd, 2010这篇文章内容稍老，但 是无老师认为体现的学习方法很值得借鉴。实在，写这个东西，不外是对自己三年来研究糊口生计回忆的一个开始，也算是对将来有志于来中石油涉外工作人的一个匡助，惠人惠己。中石油对于涉外的职员都要进行托福代考试，考试地点在学院路上的石油大院里的59号楼和新成立的中石油石化研究院同处一栋楼。左边牌子是中石油考试中央，右边是中石油石化研究院。在考试之前已经对了中石油内部托福有了&多的了解，这些了解多来自于网上特别是地平线bbs, —些前辈的经验。自己实在从一进校门开始，就比较正视英语，听过中石油不少公司宜讲，知道中石油对托福成绩是很看重的，从研一就开始学习托福，不外期中断断续续没有很能坚持下来。不外应该说，中石油的内部托福是比现在的新托福替考要轻易很多。下面就儿个方面来 谈谈中石油内部托福如何温习。假如你是从研一开始预备，乂不是那么功利的只是为了短时间突破，想进步自己的英语能力的话，那么你最先做的是要买一本托福词汇，俞敬洪的红宝书是编的比较好的一本书，个人推荐一下。假如说你的意志力比较坚强，能长期坚持学习英语，英语底子乂不太差，经济前提答应，究竟是 1300多元啊，再加上买资料等等，恐怕有的人还要报班等等，下来怎么也得2000 元，那么考一次新托福也是不错的选择。究竟钱一交上去，就可以促使你学英语。 但是据我所了解不少同学，尽管报了托福，在邻近考试的时候乂都抛却了，山于硕士阶段的事1W确实既多乂杂。以上都是长期学习的打算，能从根本上进步英语的能 力，托福考试也是测试你英语能力的一个考试。假如你想短期突破托福考试，那么就有必要知道内部托福的特点。因为中石油内部托福的出题范围是95-05年的托福原题包括北美试题，所以假如在短期突破，那么直接背谜底将会是一个不错的选择。这样实在粗粗算下来也有47套左右，每套听力有50个，语法有40个，阅读有50个，这里需要知道的是中石油内部托福是不考主观题的，都是选择题，如斯多的标题题U全背下来也是一个不小的工作量。只能依托原有的实力，再加上大量的做托福原题才行。在这其入耳力是最难的一部门，有很多单位其至是对听力有个最低分数的，假如听力分数不达标的话，一票否决。因此，在温习入耳力是一个侧
托福考试高频词汇1000 A a pivotal figure a pivotal figure (关键)人物pivot 轴心 premium premium n.保险金a.高级的，高价的 a premium student a premium student 优秀学生 a range of a range of 一系列的东西（有顺序）a range from sth. to sth. 从...到...范围，排列不等 abandon abandon 抛弃，放纵abandonment n. abbreviate abbreviate v. 缩短，缩写abbreviation n. abrasion abrasion n.磨损 abstract abstract (ab-去掉,stract 拉)a.抽象的n.概要 absurd absurd a.荒谬的 abundance abundance (und-波浪) n.丰富，多'麦浪翻滚'undulate/fluctuate 波动 accelerate accelerate (celer-速度)v.加速，不断增长celerity速度decelerate v.减速 have access to have access to 能够接触，靠近you have access to the library accessible accessible a.可靠近的 acclaim acclaim v.欢呼，欢迎acclaimed a.受人欢迎的 accommodate accommodate v.给人提供食宿；与...相符，适应(commod- 方便commodity 商品 accommodating accommodating a.乐于助人的 accompany accompany v.陪伴，伴奏accompanist 伴奏者accompaniment n.陪伴物，伴奏 accord accord v.和谐一致(-ion琴)accordion 手风琴 accumulate accumulate(cumul-堆积)v.聚堆积cumulus 积云 accustom accustom v.使习惯get accustomed to sth. 海关custom 关税tariff acquaintance acquaintance n.熟悉，认识 acronym acronym(acr-高,-onym词)n.首字母缩略词 acute acute a.敏锐的性急的，急性病chronic慢性病 adapt adapt v.适应环境adaptable 能适应的adaptation 适应，改写本 addictive addictive a.(吸毒)上瘾的addict (dict-被命令做某事)v.使沉迷 additive additive (add-加)添加剂，附加的 adept adept a.老练的 adjoining/adjacent adjoining/ adjacent a.邻近的，毗邻的 adjust adjust (just-正确)v.调整，校准adjustment n. adobe adobe n.土坯，印第安人造房原料 abode abode n.住所，住房 adopt adopt (opt-选择)v.收养，采纳adoption n. adornment adornment (orn-饰)n. 装饰ornamentation 饰品 advent advent n.来到adventure n.冒险with the advent of 21 century 随着21世纪的到来 adverse adverse(-verse转)a.不利的，逆反的～wind 逆风～influence 不利影响adversity n.灾难，不幸，逆境adversary n.对手，敌手advocate advocate v./n.支持，拥护(者) anesthetic esthetic a.感觉的anesthetic (an-无)a.麻醉的aesthetic a.美感的，美学的 affect affect v.影响，假装severe strom adversely affect our study affected affected a.装模作样的affection n.友爱，友情 affectation affectation n.假装 affiliate affiliate(fili-绳子,家族,一条线,儿子)v.变成...的儿子，和...联合,加盟进去,附加filiale 子公司filial 子女的，孝顺的 afflict afflict(flict-打击)v.折磨conflict n.冲突