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每日翻译作业

每日翻译作业
每日翻译作业

每日百字翻译:

2020/2/24 ——

许多改革的措施都忽略了民众对医疗服务不满的根本原因,及医院“医药养医”这一不争的事实,通常医院40%的收入来自药品销售,40%~50%来自院内服务,例如诊断测试和治疗,仅有10%是直接来源于政府补助的。

卫生部下达指令,要求全国超过2000个县级城市的311家医院实行改革,旨在杜绝医院销售药品。

译: Many revolution measures ignore the fundamental reason public’s complains about medical service and the truth of hospital run by medicine feeding doctor. Normally, 40% income of hospital comes from medicine sold and the rest of it rises from service in hospital such as diagnose test and treatment. Only 10% income is directly derived from government subsidy. In order to wipe out hospital selling medicine, requiring innovation in 311 hospitals involving beyond 2,000 countries in china, the minister of heath declared.

解析:Many reform measures have done little to solve a fundamental cause of public dissatisfaction with the health service: the fact that hospital pay for their staff by selling medicine.

About 40% of hospital revenues typically come from with another 40%-50%from services such as diagnostic tests and treatments.

Only 10% comes directly from the government.

Ministry of the health told 311 hospitals in the more than 2,000 countries in china to experiment with reforms aimed at wearing hospitals away from medicine sales.

2020/2/25

这样一来,医生们就不会再想给病人开一大堆药,做一大堆测试了。但很多患者对此仍颇有疑虑。一位65岁的老大妈提到,去年为了医治自己大大小小的病,总共花费了一万元(1570美元)。她还说医院的药房有时没有她要吃的药,医生就会开其他的药代替,但是这些药却享受不了国家的药物补贴。

译:Thus possibly a pile of drugs as well as a lot of examination won’t be given patients by doctors. While plenty patients still remain suspicious. A 65 years old lady noticed that she had spent 10,000(1,570dollars) for curing various illnesses last year. She added if the pharmacy haven’t the drug she needed, the doctor will replace it by others but these drugs not enjoying the subsidy from the nation.

解析: The idea is that doctors will lose their incentive to over-prescribe medicines and tests.

says that last year she had to pay 10,000 yuan ($1,570)

. She says the pharmacy does not always have the medicines she needs, forcing her to use others 【that 】are not on the list of drugs for which the government offers

2020/2/26

越来越多的研究表明,青少年的精神疾病与大量使用社交媒体有关。根据2017年的一项调查,英国年轻人表示,社交网络给了他们表达自我和建立圈子的机会。但他们又说,这些平台加剧了焦虑、抑郁、睡眠不足、欺凌、身体图像和“社交控”(错失恐惧)。译:An increasing research indicates the mental decease of teenager relative to social media. According to a study in 2017, the young English claim the social internet providing them an opportunity to express their voice and build their own activity room. But they also mentioned these platforms dramatically adding the nervous, depression, shortage-sleep, bully, body image and social addicted(loss panic).

解析:A growing body of research

consumption of social media.

But they also said that the platforms

and “FOMO” (“fear of missing out”).

2020/2/27

2014年的一项实验表明,Facebook所激发的大脑冲动区域,与赌博和滥用药物所激发的区域一致。很难证明沉迷社交媒体会引发精神疾病,而不是精神疾病患者容易沉迷社交媒体。但在2013-2015年间,一项针对5208名美国人的调查发现,使用Facebook的程度越深,日后精神健康出现问题的几率就越大。幸福度最高的是视频通话应用FaceTime(91%)和电话通话(84%)。说道社交网络,真实的谈话是很难被击败的。

译:An experiment in 2014 demonstrates impulse district of brain stimulating by Facebook are consensus with that district triggering by gamble and over-using medicine. It is still a tall It is hard to prove one indulging in media society will cause psychiatric illness rather than psychiatric patients are more prone into social media. However, in the course of 2013 to 2015, a survey involving 5,208 Americans finds that the more time people squander on Facebook, the more rate of troubles on further mental health. Face Time and phone time are the highest degrees of happiness, each of them respectively taking a portion of 91% and 84%. When mention the social network, a real conversation is not easily beat.

解析:An experiment in 2014 concluded that Facebook triggers the same impulsive part of brain/as gambling and . It is difficult to prove that obsessing over likes and comments causes mental illness, rather than the other way around. But one survey tracked 5,208 Americans between 2013 and 2015, finding that an increase in Facebook was associated with a future decrease in mental health. Happiness rates are highest for FaceTime (91%), a video-calling app, and phone calls (84%). When it comes to social networking, actual conversations are hard to beat.

2020/2/28

每年12月,数百万中国网民投票选出一个最能体现出中国上一年度的精神状态的汉字和词语。然而官方最不待见的一个词就是qiou,它是一个人造词,由“土”、“穷”和“丑”组合而成,它的意思是又土又穷又丑。qiou很难用中文输入法打出来,输入法软件往往会想方设法地设计出词典中没有的汉字——我们插图的脸中就包括qiou字。

译:In annual 12 month, hundreds of million Chinese netizens will vote a character or phrase which can adequately reflect the psychiatric situation last year of china. However, qiou created by people as well as the first hateful word the government reckon, is made up by “Tu”, “qiong” and “chou”, which represents one is poor, ugly and low-taste. It is a struggle to type qiou via output system that usually manage to design the word without a position in dictionary at all cost such as the sticker face including the qiou.

解析:EVERY DECEMBER millions of Chinese netizens vote for a word and phrase that best capture the spirit of the preceding year in china. Capture the animals/enemy soldiers/attention /intrest. Represent or reflect the spirit of. The preceding year= the previous year. The following year.

The biggest official snub, however, goes to qiou, a made-up character that is an amalgamation of three others: tu, qiou, and chou.It is used to mean dirt-poor and ugly. Snub:v. / n. 冷落,怠慢,suffer a snub; be snubbed by sb. made-up: 编造的虚构的amalgamation:混合混合物,mixture, combination. Put together by. Dirt-poor: 非常贫穷的状态

Qiou is hard to write using Chinese-language software, which tends to struggle with characters not found in dictionaries—the face in our illustration incorporates the qiou character. Incorporate=including

2020/2/29

12月上旬,qiou这一话题在微博前50热门话题榜中飙至第16位。微博是中国版的推特。一家中国新闻网站宣布qiou是2018年非官方年度汉字。qiou字是用来自嘲的,不能用来攻击别人。甚至人民日报网站最近发微博认可了qiou字的热度。

In early Dec. the topic around qiou dramatically rose to the sixth potion among 50 hot topics in WeiBo, which seems the twitter belong to china. One of the websites of Chinese news net announced that the annual character

but not official is qiou, which was used in self-laughing rather than attacked others. Even the Poeplel’s newspaper websites deliver the Weibo admitting the popular of qiou.

解析:In early December for qiou on Weibo, a Chinese version of Twitter(china’s equivalent of

twitter), surged to 16th place on the One Chinese news site declared qiou the

Chinese character of

cultish following of qiou. The word is used

Hashtag: 指社交平台的“话题”。Surge: to suddenly increase,此外也可以用rocket,soar,shoot up等替换. 暴跌:dive,tumble,plunge,plummet, nosedive. Cult的形容词是cultish,cult的程度十分强烈,甚至有些盲目,不辨是非的感觉。比如个人崇拜,personality cult,有时候也指邪教。Deprecate: to feel and express strong disapproval of sth.

2020/3/1

经常做运动会提高人的自信。经常参加体育活动能提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老年人很重要。依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力。过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响,对孩子的智力发展有威胁。

译:Doing exercise often can enhance the confidence of people. Regularly take part in exercise can improve people’s confidence, which is essential either for adult or elder. Mental arithmetic will be reduce by over-replying calculator. Over-replying calculator is possibly produce negative influence to people threatening the development of children’s intellectual.

解析: Regular exercise can increase one’s self-confidence. Participating in sports frequently can boost people’s confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly. Relying heavily on calculators will have a negative impact on mental arithmetic. The excessive reliance on calculators is likely to have an adverse impact on children’s mental arithmetic and pose a threat to their intellectual development.

2020/3/2

很多女孩都不愿在男人居多的行业里找工作。很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作,因为她们会面临高职位升迁中的阻碍。环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。环境问题比如温室气体的发展已经成为公众关注的焦点,因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。

译:A host of girls are reluctant to find work in industries within so many men. A large number of girls decline to apply a job within dominating by men since the girls would be confronted with block in the way to promote their position. Environmental issue has become the focus of people concerning. Environmental problem such as green gas has developed the concerning point of public therefore a part of the rules(regulations) should be carry out aimed at tacking these problems.

解析:Many girls are not willing to seek employment women are willing

to find employment in male-dominate world because they can face barriers to The

environment problem has become the focus of public concern.Environmental problems such

have become the focus of public concern and some can be enforced to tackle these

problems.

2020/3/3

中国直播行业的市值高达数十亿美元,胡锦州就是其中的一名专业级电脑游戏玩家。在他开始成名前,他还是一个校园混混。在操场上打架斗殴,把课本卖给同学,天黑后偷偷溜出去打网络游戏。那时,他的叛逆只是小舞台上的一场闹剧。

译:China living stream filed possesses a value up billions dollars and Hujinzhou is one of the professional computer players in this industry. He is still a schoolboy before he is known by public. It is a commonplace for him to fight on the playground, to sale books to his classmates and to play online games after dark in a sneaky way. At that moment all he did is only a farce on the little stage.

解析:Before Hu Jinzhou(注意写法) began his climb into the foothills of , as a professional player of

playground fights, tried to sell his textbooks to classmates and sneaked out after dark for some online gaming. Back then, Mr Hu’s reluctance (unwillingness) to conform was a drama played out on a small stage.

Play out: if a dramatic event is played out, it gradually takes place 逐渐发生

2020/3/4

为了教他守规矩,我们都白了头,”他的继父蔡洪波回忆起那些在当阳网吧里找孩子的夜晚,叹息道。当阳是中国中部省份湖北省的一个工业城镇。胡锦州聪明机智,很受同学欢迎,如果老师不在的话,谁也管不住他。

2020/3/5

“我们让他跪下……”他的母亲赵爱英回忆道。“……让他写检讨书,”在足疗店里的丈夫插了一句。这个足疗店是他们自己开的,坐落在一个繁忙的街道旁,街上有很多小商小贩在卖烤坚果、最鲜绿的蔬菜以及在附近的长江里钓的鱼。他们的儿子就这么开始了卑微的打零工的生活。现在,他20了,他痞痞的气质成了他宝贵的财富。在国家级的舞台上,这给他带来了不菲的收入,但同时也带来了风险……

2020/3/6——2020/3/7——2020/3/8

中国景德镇(Jingdezhen)瓷(porcelain)文化尚德轩(ShangDexuan )傲立在多伦多唐人街(Chinatown),是刘正杰创立于2009年,弘扬博大精深(extensive and profound)的陶瓷文化。这里与江西景德镇相隔万里,但汇集了景德镇陶瓷名作力作,名家新派,异彩纷呈,瑰美齐丽;天华物宝,细腻精致,端庄高雅。一道殊异的风景线逶迤在了唐人街。

在景德镇,现在的陶艺工匠大都立足中华传统,放眼全人类的文明,汲取西方诸艺术的精髓,培植艺术内涵,创造工艺新技巧工艺新技艺。作为新景德镇人,刘正杰尤为注重挖掘景德镇十二类传统陶瓷的美,再糅合时代的旋律,孕育不朽的美,灿烂的美。

刘正杰推行陶瓷艺术欣赏收藏化,收藏生活化,生活艺术化,艺术大雅化,大雅旋律化,让艺术精致的美丽带给众生吉祥如意,无穷无尽。日日思君不见君,共饮长江水。长江一帆远,落日五湖春。

翻译理论与实践作业

班级:2011英研 姓名:赵金美 学号:20111100335

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、倒置法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。 一、增译法: 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 如: 1)You could be mad as a mad dog at the way things went. 你可以像疯狗那样对周围的一切愤愤不平.(出处:电影《返老还童》 2) A she sailed into it. 在他航行中找到的。(出处:电影《加勒比海盗4》) 3)Spanzurati it! Place the neck and lathe!

英文翻译练习作业

英文翻译练习(一) The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.

英语翻译作业

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下,人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而,这个自我形象是一种幻想:作为先进国家,实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要,在这个国度里,来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层,更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明,主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了:在美国,由于社会安全网存在漏洞,这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良,得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观,他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学,如果愿意,还可以从送到私立学校上学,而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。

翻译实践心得体会

笔译实践 院系名称:外语学院 专业年级:英语f1101 姓名:王欢 学号:201119010209 心得体会 在做这次笔译实践题目之前,关于笔译我是完全不了解的。在我的感觉中笔译相对于口 译而言应该算是比较简单的,但是在做完全部题目之后我就彻底改变了原有的这种认知,原 来看起来简单的事情并不定就像表象上呈现出的那样容易做到。表面看来笔译能够看着文本 逐字逐句翻译,貌似很简单,只要把文本内容真实的翻译出来就可以达到要求了。实际上则 不然。这学期我们有一门专业课就是关于英汉翻译的。课堂上老师曾经讲述过关于翻译的历 史、理论、要求等一系列相关知识,所以在简单翻阅这次翻译之后,我觉得看似简单的题目 确实需要投入大量的精力才能较好地完成任务。在翻译过程中我发觉自己存在以下几点问题: 1、对某些专业术语了解甚少。例如第一篇the high-tech student中出现的gopher program,generic2 database,moby dick,等等,类似这样的词汇我就需要上网查阅相关资 料才能进而推测了解作者想要借此来表达怎样的意思。再如a roller-coaster ride in the stock market中,关于股市的一些专用名词,dow and nasdaq,cnbc等也是这样。 2、对统计数字的描述能力较差。如何用不同的描述性词汇来体现数字的增长和下降及其 各自升降的幅度,如何准确把握那些不同用词之间细微的差别,较好地描述数字变化,这对 我来说是比较困难的。此次翻译题目中出现的仅仅只是一些已经被数字化的统计数据,但是 要用合适的词汇来体现尚且不简单,倘若是给出bar chart, pie chart, line chart等这一 类图标来自行描述其内容,就会更加困难了。题目中出现数字最多的莫过于描述汶川大地震 的这一部分了。各种数字,表示年月的,表示伤亡人数、经济损失的,以及各个地区经济损 失所占的不同比例,这对我来说无疑是亟待加强训练的部分。 3、关于某些长句翻译起来较困难。长句出现最多的就是最后一篇题目描述“我”的文本。 这片文章涉及不同领域大家的杰出作品及其艺术特色,各式各类的建筑,建筑中体现出的精 湛的技巧,还有各种被写入经典的景物,所有的描写都交织在一起,翻译起来很容易找不到 方便。摸不清头绪,到底哪里才是开始,应该如何结束。在翻译课上老师曾经说过长句的翻 译技巧,要先根据谓语动词进行切分,之后再根据逻辑顺序进行重新组合,之后才能慢慢进 行翻译,听起来就很繁琐的程序。我一直在试着这样做,却发现这要求太难达到了,而且每 次被提问翻译总是被说翻译的一塌糊涂。关于长句,我可能还要经历一段很艰难的路程。 虽然完成所有题目有点困难,但是我觉得收获还是很不小的。这是第一次这么耐心的昨 晚这么多翻译题目,最大的感触就是那些翻译工作者们真的是好辛苦,之前还以为翻译是我 们英语专业发展的目标。事实上也是,但是这项工作并不是所有人都能胜任的,这也是我的 真实感触之一。总结一下,收获可以归纳为以下几点: 1、一定程度上开阔了知识面,提高了自己的专业能力。虽然这次实践题目只有几个,但 是各个题目都具有的一定的代表性。这些题目涉及科技、经济、文学、报道等各种题材的不 同内容,对于我们这样的初学者算是一个挑战但是同时也是一个很好的锻炼自己的机遇。初 次涉猎翻译领域就得到这样的锻炼,既让我们看到了自己的不足之处,又给自己之前的知识 积淀找到了一个合适的展现平台,对于一个语言学习者无疑是一次很好的机会。 2、增加了对专业的认知。在刚入学的时候每每都被别人问到你们英语专业出来 的是不是只能做翻译,这句话给我的最初印象就是英语翻译既然这么容易做,那我学这 个专业不就一点竞争力都没有了,可是自己亲身时间之后才知道翻译并不是每个人都能做来 的,只要好好学专业,任何专业都是好专业。与其抱怨,不如从现在开始就好好努力,这样

句子翻译作业2

进阶翻译练习1 1. 人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。 2. 许多学生没有意识到考试作弊的后果 3. 随着其他领域改革的进行,中国高等教育也在经历着巨大的变化。 4. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。 5. 一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。 6. 我们希望我们的政府采取更强硬的措施来防止传染病,比如艾滋。 7. 尽管经济危机,当局还是应该投放大量的预算去帮助有需要的人。 8. 环境中的化学废弃物会严重危害人们的健康。比如,河流中的化学排放物会疾病,基因变易甚至死亡。 9. 说句公道话,严肃性的课堂教学可以使我们学到很多知识。但用这种方式上课,学生们经常无法积极参与课堂活动。 10. 此外,大家庭也给我们提供了好的机会来培养我们的各种能力和性格。比如:合作,团队精神,独立,平等和关心他人。 11. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 12. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康。正如那句老话:只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。 13. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。 14. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 15. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。 17. 给学生评定成绩的时候,应该把他的出席情况和课堂表现考虑在内。 18. 那些赞成“竞争教育法”的人认为,要想孩子在将来的社会中生存,必须从小就灌输竞争精神。 19. 现在,之所以会有如此多的包装纸是因为我们每天消耗的比过去的家庭要多得多。 20. 我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的. 21. 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。 22. 笔记本电脑流行的主要原因是它操作简单。 23. 没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面。 24. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 25. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 26. 我们必须承认,那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。 27. 人们往往会和观念与自己相近的人交朋友。 28. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 29. 说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 30. 众所周知,环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 31. 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 32. 例如,一些孩子花很多时间在电视机前,忽视他们的学习,户外活动甚至家庭。父母们

翻译实践作业

1. He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death. . 虚度年华者,虽生犹死。 2. No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant. 国之大难莫过于暴君当道。 3.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 他有一种令人不安的习惯:急切地而接连不断表达矛盾的思想。 4.The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period. 英国预计到了将会发生冲突,并据此对这一时期的边境政策作了调整。 5.Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organizing of public ignorance shame journalism. 现在,天天都在隐瞒真相,愚弄公众,这种做法是新闻界的耻辱。 6. I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so. 我走到售票台。女售票员一看见我,她那原本颇为动人的脸刷地一沉,变得怒气冲冲。 7. Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision. 出错者若处事果断,仍可意外取得成功;才干出众者若优柔寡断,必然屡屡失误。 8. Hamlet poignantly represents the indecisions that plague us all. 哈姆雷特深刻的反映了折磨人们的优柔寡断的性格特点。

英语作业翻译

西班牙公司在全球范围内取得的惊人成功证明旧式联网的价值。 —Mauro F. Guillén ,Esteban García-Canal 不计其数的来自新兴经济体的公司对于打入国际市场还十分犹豫,尤其是那些来自发展中国家的公司。因为他们认为自己的缺陷是无法弥补的。还有一些公司和传统的跨国公司一样小心,以盈利为中心。他们痛苦的认识到自己没有前沿的技术,占优势的品牌以及新颖的产品,而建立这些优势的过程将是漫长而又令人畏惧的,即便是对于拥有所必需资金的公司也是如此。所以他们只停留在国内。虽然可以盈利但是不能充分发挥自身的潜力。而且也难以与来自国外的竞争相抗衡。是的,这些公司只站在全球竞争的边缘是没有道理的。我们的研究表明即使一个公司没有先进的技术和品牌资产,它同样能运用其他技能在海外市场获得成功,比如说人际技能和操作技能,这些在国内已经磨砺多年的技能。我们来看一看一些西班牙的跨国公司就知道了。虽然西班牙经济在全球大萧条时期处于困境,他的国内生产总值和失业率飙升到大约20﹪。 怎样才能用旧式的技艺来占领新的市场 全球最大的新娘装制造商。普洛诺维斯(Pronovias)是西班牙两千多个跨国公司之一,它每年卖出480,000套衣服并在75个国家拥有分公司。即便没有技术和品牌优势,这个国家的大约2000个跨国公司中的许多公司在国外蓬勃发展。通过观察西班牙公司在过去25年的全球扩张,我们发现领导者通过兼并来扩大范围,但是只集中发展几个产业和地区。然后他们运用在其国内成长起来的政治联网技能,项目实施知识以及纵向整合技能---这些在其他新兴市场中的公司同样拥有的技能---来强化地位。在这个过程中西班牙公司能绕过跨国公司一直崇尚的缓慢,逐步增长的传统扩张战略。正如我们所要看到的,速度是一些西班牙公司在国际上取得成功的关键因素。这一点是别的公司走入全球市场需要牢牢记住的。 昔日的起步者成为全球巨头 在1986年以前,西班牙在海外并没有大量的投资。西班牙融入欧洲经济共同体后开始打破了其与欧洲其他国家贸易与竞争的壁垒。在此时,西班牙公司开始在电力,水力,石油,天然气,交通,通信及银行业进行大规模的跨国兼并。西班牙在20世纪90年代末期采用了欧元,这使得西班牙公司更容易获得在世界其他地区进行风险投资的资本。从而极大地促进了兼并的步伐。一些现在著名的西班牙跨国公司就是全球化第一次爆发的分流。2009年,就收入而言,Telefónica是全球第五大电信供应商,桑塔德银行(santander)是全球第四大银行。四家西班牙公司(ACS, FCC, Ferrovial, Abertis)在全球最大的交通基础设施开发商和管理商中跃居榜首。伊维尔德罗拉(Iberdrola)是最大的风能生产商,能源北美公司(acciona)是最大的风力田开发商,Sol Meliá是最大的度假酒店连锁商。更深一步的观察,你会发现西班牙公司在食品加工和服装工业居于领先地位。Viscofan是向肉类加工业提供人工肠衣最大生产商,Freixenet是20多年来全球最大的汽酒生产商。在纺织和服装行业,西班牙是牛仔裤引领者Tavex和全球最大的婚纱设计商制造商Pronovias的故乡。虽然西班牙在资金密集型产业如:化工,金属材料,电子,汽车等行业还没有全球争夺者,但少数几个西班牙公司在与这些行业相关联的利基市场是极其强大的竞争者。比如说汽车零部件生产商Grupo Antolin,无锈钢生产商Acerinox,风力涡轮机生产商Gamesa。随着它们走向全球化,西班牙公司不愿开昂贵而有风险的独资公司,取而代之,他们更青睐结盟,合资企业和兼并。例如,Banco Santander通过兼并在拉丁美洲建立起最大的零售银行,然后收购了英国修道院银行和其他一些欧美大的机构。在欧洲、亚洲和美洲的兼并使得Grupo SOS成为全球最大的橄榄油公司。Ebro Puleva也是通过兼并成为全球最大的稻米生产商和第二大的面条生产者。西班牙公司也倾向于在地理上集中它们在国外的扩张。大约90℅的西班牙外向直接投资集中在拉丁美洲和欧洲。这种目标指向性的扩长方式使得公司能够在全球延伸的欲望和不断更新技能的需要方面找到平衡。这是新兴经济体竞争者现在要面临的双重挑战。在拉美西班牙公司有着天然的优势,比如文化的类似性,语言的共同性,相互联系性,以及邻近的其他欧洲市场给予的销售增长和开发新潜能的机遇。在这里建立滩头堡之后,西班牙公司就有选择性的投资别的发达国家,如美国,来提升他们的技术和市场机能。贯穿其扩张的每一阶段,西班牙公司都采用老式的,历史悠久的技艺。 用政治专长来赌增长

翻译作业八

他是外乡人。He is not a native. 他们一直谈到入睡。They didn't stop talking until they fell asleep. 他的解释不能让人满意。His explanation is far from satisfactory. 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。We will live up to the expectations of our people. He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd. 他去火车站接朋友,可是未能在人群中见到他 I would be the last person in the world to deny it. 我决不否认这一点。 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed every one of us. 他未能履行诺言,我们大家都很失望。 The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 这项建议差点通不过。 The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on us. 这些事件引起了我们的重视。 Such behaviors couldn't long escape notice. 这类行为迟早会被人发觉的。 There is no rule without exceptions. 任何规则都有例外。 We are in complete ignorance of his plan. 我们完全不知道他的计划。 It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies. 据悉敌军给养不足。 He evidently thinks otherwise. 他显然有不同的想法。 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge. 不了解这一点,就不能学到基本的知识。 He will die of hunger before he steals. 他宁愿饿死,不愿行窃。 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work. 工作没有经验,出点差错,几乎是不可避免的。 The Negroes barely earn enough money to keep their families alive.

英汉互译实践(课后作业) 2

英汉互译实践Assignments Lecture 2 1.一个国家一定要有稳定的形势,才能把经济建设搞上去。 译:The economic growth can only be promoted with the stability of the country. 2.在改善物质生活的同时,充实精神生活。 译:We should enrich our spiritual life while trying to improve the material life. 3.近年来,美国华裔科技人才辈出,成就卓著,引起国际科技界的注意和重视。 译:In recent years, there have come forth in increasing numbers the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent// whose achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world. 4. 黄毛丫头 a chit of a girl; a witless girl; an ignorant girl 黄色电影blue films; porn movies 黄叶/ 黄页fallen leaves/ yellow pages 5.从上海至北京的飞机每天一班。 译:There is a daily flight from Shanghai to Beijing. 6.还要多读一点历史和小说。 译:We should also make efforts to read some books of history and novels. 7.根据他的叫声特点,人们把蝉又称作知了。 译:Cicadas are also called as “zhiliao” because of the singing noise they make. 8.美国气候相差较大,位于亚热带的佛罗里达和夏威夷海滩温暖宜人,阿拉斯加苔原却寒气袭人。 译:The climate in the United States varies so much from place to place that Florida and the Hawaii beaches in the subtropics are warm and agreeable while the tundra on Alaska is terribly chilly. Lecture 3 1. 我们学院接受教委和市政府的双重领导。(名词转动词) 译: Our institute is co-led by the education commission and the municipal government. 2. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损害视力。(动词转名词) 译: (Watching) too much TV will do harm to children?s eyesight. 3. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。(动词转名词) 译: With the practice of reform and opening-up policy, our comprehensive national strength has achieved notable improvements. 4. 我完全赞成你的意见。(动词转介词) 译:I?m all for you./your opinion. 5. 改革开放政策受到了全国人民的拥护。(动词转名词) 译:Reform and opening-up policy has gained nation-wide support. 6. 作者在文章中对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(动词转名词) 译: The author made criticism on mankind?s negligence to the environment in his article. 7. 在有些欧洲国家里,人民享有最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(主动语态转被动语态)译: In some European countries, people are entitled to receive the most extensive social welfare, like medical insurance. 8. 时间不早了,我们回去吧!(句型转换) 译: It?s time for us to go back!

英语翻译作业1

一、改译 宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers) 自学self learn(study on one’s self) 彩票colorful tickets(lottery) 救火save a fire(Firefighting) (电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash) 吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen) 风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark) 太平门safe door(emergency exit) 三角债triangle debts(chain debts) 扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on) 文化程度cultural degree(education level) 抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up) 来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads) 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English) 胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译 大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean 猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog 挥金如土Spend money like water 易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand 打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake 呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken 千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step 瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest . 跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple 三、重点翻译 她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非 She always makes mischief between neighbors. 她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师 She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school. 正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 True friend is who provides you timely help. 我要有个三长两短,你给我娘捎个话 If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage. 留得青山在,不愁没柴烧 As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. 你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙 他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已 His promise to you just a blank check. 我喜欢那套房子,但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远 I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.

英语翻译作业

AC500kV Substation Design In China Transmission and Substation Department,CPECC Abstract:Some brief informations about AC500kV substations in China,historical data of their design and essential design principles are presented in this paper.Some technical and engineering problems of AC500kV substation design and construction are discussed.It is emphasized to introduce the500kV substation scales,main electrical connections,selection of equipment and apparatus,insulation coordination,distribution switchyard,control and protection etc.Here we also discuss the policy of project cost control at present time and a prospective view of China AC substations in future. 1.Introduction The research and design of500kV substations in China were started in1977,and the first substation was put into operation in1981.From that time,because of the rapid development of electricity demand in China,design and construction of500kV substations have a great development.Especially in recent years,due to the increase of capital investment for power system construction from the State Government,500kV power system has developed even faster.Till1998about55substations(500kV)were already put into operation,in which217transformers were installed,and the total capacity reached60410 MVA.At present,there are30substations(total capacity26500MVA)under construction.In addition,it has been planned to construction/extends30substations(33transformers,24750 MVA)in accordance with the power delivery from Three Gorges Power Plant. A complete design system of AC500kV substation in China has been gradually established based on the past design and construction experiences and the use of new technologies.This system includes design procedures,design standards,rules and regulations, design management and so on. The essential design principles are safe and reliable,technically advanced,economical and reasonable,and good quality. 2.Size of Substations China is a developing country with broad territory.The economic development is very different from one region to another.In accordance with this fact,the500kV substation size is different at different time and for different region.

翻译理论与实践作业2

廉洁的遗嘱 1925年2月24日,国父孙中山病逝时,留下一段《家事遗嘱》:“余因尽瘁国事,不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄,以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立,望各自爱,以继余志。此嘱。” 中山先生艰苦奋斗40年,功勋卓然。但终生廉洁,从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产。他任过国家临时大总统,官可谓高矣,然而从不追求俸禄。临终留下的遗物只有生前的一些衣物、2,000多本书籍杂志,还有一所旅居加拿大的华侨为他募捐的住宅。 A Testament of Probity On February 24 1925, Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, passed away out of disease, leaving a testament to his families. “For a full commitment to the country cause, I left no savings for you. All my belongings of books, clothes and an apartment will be given to my wife Soong Qing-ling as a commemoration. As for my son and daughter who are already grown-up enough for self independence, my entire wish is your self-respects. ” Mr. Sun Yat-sen devoted himself to China’s revolution cause for 40 years with remarkable contributions, during which never had he purchased any property for himself or his family members. Nor did he ever chase for the emolument in quite a high-rank position as the temporary president of the Republic of China. All he left before death were several clothes, 2000 books and an apartment coming from donations of a chinese resident in Canada. 分析:“国父孙中山”不能照字面翻译,国父特制“中华民国的创始人”。“国家临时大总统”要译成“中华名过临时大总统”才确切。要适当解释孙中山先生艰苦奋斗四十年是为了什么目的。从“从未为自己和子女”到“从不追求俸禄”这几句话在英文的表述中应体现一定的强语势,从“临终留下的遗物”至结束这一句译文挺体现与前面内容在逻辑霍桑的关联性。

英语翻译作业

近年来基于2010中国国家血压参考文献的中国儿童和青少年高血压患病率研究 儿童高血压是一种严重的公共卫生问题在世界范围内,尤其是在中国。流行病学研究表明,儿童高血压可以追踪到成年。此外,儿童高血压与成年发病率和死亡率的增加是密切相关的。2010年以前,在中国没有共识定义儿童高血压,这阻碍了中国不同的地区高血压患病率的比较。2010年,Mi 等人通过研究112227名3-18岁儿童和青少年的血压,获得了血压(BP)参考年龄和性别使用的参考文献。根据这个国家的定义,童年高血压定义为收缩压(SBP)和/或舒张压(菲律宾) 年龄和性别的百分比95以上。在本研究中,我们目的是执行使用系统回顾描述2010年中国的不同地区儿童和青少年高血压的患病率的应用。 PubMed和Wanfang数据库寻找合格的文献。搜索条件是(“高血压”或“高血压”)和(“孩子”或“青少年”或“学生”)和(“中国”或“中国人”)。从2010年1月(2010年后出版的, Mi 等人研究的中国国家血压引用文献.[5]),到2014年4月出版的刊物,语言仅限于英语和汉语。入选标准是:(1) 3-18岁的中国儿童和青少年;(2)使用2010中国血压参考标准;(3)测量收缩压和舒张压值至少在同一情况下三次;(3)自2008年以来进行的调查;(4)如果出版包括在不同年份的调查,只包括最近的调查。文献检索后,共有11项研究,(参与者总数是444214)(1、2、6-14)都包含在本研究中。纳入研究的特点总结在表1。高血压患病率在中国不同的区域有显著的不同, (图1)。中国北方城市包括北京(18.2%)或山东高血压患病率(23.3%)高于南部城市包括上海、湖南长沙、和海南(从3.1%升至11.2%)和农村地区。高血压患病率的升高可能很大程度上归因于中国北方饮食盐摄入量。例如,在山东农村成年人的每日摄取食盐约13 g,高于世界卫生组织(少于5克/天)推荐的两倍。 此外,在中国北方高血压高发病率中,肥胖是另一个重要的危险因素。在山东,大约16%的男生和8%的女生肥胖[16],而在湖南省长沙市相应的数据分别是7%和3%。我们还发现,基于中国健康和营养调查的数据和中国全国学生体质与健康调查,整体的高血压患病率14%。我们的研究有两个优点,首先,所有研究包括之后研究都采用相同的标准,即中国国家高血压参考文献。第二,所有调查研究在相似的时期,即从2008年到2010年,因此,流行是最新的,具有可比性。然而,应该注意研究中几个限制。首先,所有高血压患病率的研究仅为同一情况,除了孟等人[6] 在三个不同的时期提供的变化患病率。因此, 我们现在报告中的发病会高估了中国儿童和青少年的高血压真正的发病率。孟等人[6]表明, 在中国北京,3-18岁儿童和青少年高血压的患病率分别是三次分别是18.2%,5.1%,和3.1%。第二, 虽然我们列举了中国几个有限地区对肥胖患病率和消费的盐摄入量,但是中国不同地区高血压发病率不同,我们没有数据表明流行的原因是什么。第三,我们只研究几个儿童高血压高发地区, 需要进一步全面研究中国其他地区高血压患病率。第四,我们只报道汉族中国儿童高血压的患病率,而他少数民族没有类似报告。中国是一个多民族的国家有56个民族,但汉族占中国人口总数的92%左右。目前的研究表明,调查儿童和青少年高血压患病率和区域分布是很重要的,应该建立特定的干预策略来对抗高血压流行。主要措施应该建议控制体重,减少盐的摄入量,特别是在中国北方,以降低中国不同地区儿童高血压患病率。

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