《翻译硕士英语》
Part I. Vocabulary and grammar(1*30 points, 60 minutes)
Section I Multiple Choice
Choose from A, B, C or D the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.The plane that in the storm was carrying a group of entertainers on route to the International Fine-art Works Exposition.
A.crushed
B.crashed
C.cracked
D.crafted
2.On Labour Day the workers will march in through the town.
A.process
B.procession
C.progress
D.progression
3.He ought to have had the strength to his feeling and the self-control not to lose his temper.
A.reduce
B.retain
C.conceal
D.retrieve
4.Please don?t linger on the; keep moving along, and find your seat as quickly as possible.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/276187243.html,ne
B.corridor
C.aisle
D.isle
5.The U-boat blockade England?s food shortage during Word War II.
A.aggregated
B.aggravated
C.aggrieved
D.agonized
6.The explanation given by the congressman yeaterday was not at all to us.
A.satisfy
B.satisfied
C.satisfactory
D.satisfying
7.Her behavior make everyone nervous. She was always rushing to open doors and apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that she might have caused.
A.oblivious
B.observant
C.obsequious
D.obsolescent
8.The teacher was to his trading of home assignments and his treatment of offenders.
A.lenient
B.merciful
C.pitiful
D.sympathetic
9.The snake smoothly through the luxuriant grass.
A.crept
B.crouched
C.strolled
D.glided
10.You?d better not take his remarks too seriously, which apparently were .
A.simultaneous
B.substantial
C.spontaneous
D.sporadic
11. He was completely by her tale of hardship.
A.taken away
B.taken down
C.taken in
D.taken up
12.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to when it arrived in New York.
A.go off
B.get off
https://www.doczj.com/doc/276187243.html,e off
D.carry off
13.The younger p erson?s attraction to stereos cannot be explaned only familiarity with technology.
A.in quest of
B.by means of
C.in terms of
D.by virtue of
14.The monther said she would her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.
A.let down
B.let alone
C.let off
D.let out
15.Henry decided to presents at the beginning, which made me feel at lost.
A.pass out
B.pass away
C.pass into
D.pass on
16.The driver the bus only just in time to avoid hitting the boy.
A.pulled on
B.pulled through
C.pulled down
D.pulled up
17.Much like others, the widow had to learn to a very small income.
A.live up to
B.live on
C.live out
D.live down
18.Among the preparations, you first have to how many people should be invited to the wedding.
A.figure on
B.figure out
C.relying on
D.making out
19.The entrance examination is very difficult, so only a small minority of candidates
.
A.get through
B.get in
C.pass through
D.pass on
20. their land, the Indians received goods and supplies.
A. For exchange
B. To exchange for
C. In exchange for
D. With exchange for
21.I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
A.to have given
B.to have been given
C.having been given
D.having given
22.I regret a present to my friend when he got married last month.
A.to have not made
B.not making
C.not having made
D.having not made
23.The teacher said, “It?s ti me you your oral presentation.”
A.began
B.should begin
C.begin
D.are beginning
24.Art critics insisted he an illustrator rather than an artist.
A.be
B.would be
C.should be
D.was
25.Had he worded harder, he the exams.
A.must have got through
B.would have got through
C.would get through
D.could get through
26.For many years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca?s name to be mentioned or his works .
A.beging published
B.from publishing
C.published
D.to be published
27.Not even a word concerning these important matters.
A.he mentioned
B.he mentions
C.did he mention
D.he does mention
28.I ought to them about the news, but I forgot to do so.
A.remember telling
B.remember having told
C.have remembered to tell
D.have remembered telling
29.It is only when you nearly lose someone fully conscious of how much you value him.
A.do you become
B.then you become
C.that you become
D.have you become
30., he would have finished the work all by himself.
A.Giving him enough time
B. Given him enough time
C. To give him enough time
D. Had he been given enough time
Part II Reading Comprehension(2*20 points, 60 minutes)
Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.
Passage One
The increase in leisure time, the higher standard of living, the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and, perhaps, a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week-end habits of the British public. Now, on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer, it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure-bent …Smiths?. Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally, they nose their way through the neat drab streets of council estates, converging on the main roads, then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast. Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else?s exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad start; tempers become frayed. Children, traditionally the target for fathers? ill-humor, are singled out for s pecial treatment. The past week?s misdeeds are unearthed and magnified out of all reasonable proportion; mothers leap to their broods? defense and, before long, vows that never again will this outing be repeated are being hurled back and forth. Of course, by this time, the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields, often so much stranger to them than the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers? windows. Eventually, tempers partially restored, the sea is in sight. The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach, sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich, pale industrial legs are exposed in self-conscious nakedness.
The children drift away, quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting, watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again. Fathers and mothers, and quite possibly some members of a previous generation, settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a climax by the journey. Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them, spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace.
At length the shadows drop and chill in the air brings an end to the idyll. The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day?s debris half-heartedly collected. The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper.
31. The writer suggests that tempers become frayed because ________.
A. there are too many careless drivers on the roads
B. there are too many cars on the roads
C. the cars are crowded
D. the children are irritating
32. How do the fathers react when angry?
A. They stop the children misbehaving.
B. They complain about the children?s wrongdoing.
C. They are easy to quarrel with the mothers.
D. They shout at their wives.
33. What do they find when they finally stop?
A. There are sandwich stalls erected there.
B. There are factory workers sunbathing.
C. The beach is very crowded.
D. The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia.
34. Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks?
A. They resent their husbands? admiration of the intruders.
B. They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quiet.
C. They haven?t yet recovered from the effects of the journey.
D. They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are.
35. When they prepare to leave, they ________.
A. carefully pack away the lobsters they have caught
B. put plasters on the places where they have been hurt
C. cover over their debris with waste paper
D. dress carefully to avoid any further irritation
Passage Two
Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few Companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return on what has been spent. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.
Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company?s t otal commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance. Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company?s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant. As the many alternative courses of action are programmed, the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate. Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager.
The first step in preparing a marketing plan is that of producing the information
necessary for decision making. Usually, a company will have within its own admin istration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan?s foundations. In addition, there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departments, institutions and the press.
Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies. It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate. Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical businessman, it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information, so reducing the business risk.
For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company?s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.
36. The amount of money spent on marketing by most companies each year _____.
A. equals the amount spent on capital equipment
B. does not give a good return on the investment
C. is not based on an assessment of its potential value
D. is viewed by these companies as an important business investment
37. Managers usually regard the costs of marketing as _____.
A. something which increases the cost of goods
B. helpful but not essenti al to a company?s success
C. less important than investment in production
D. an unnecessary extra business cost
38. Why are marketing plans not written down by many managers?
A. They do not have time to do it.
B. They know it would be difficult to do.
C. They never follow any particular marketing plan.
D. They do not think it is really necessary
39. Good marketing procedures allow a manager _____.
A. to take different courses of action
B. to do less work than others
C. to avoid unforeseen problems
D. to give more responsibility to others
40. How should a manager begin writing a marketing plan?
A. By doing market research outside the company.
B. By looking at information produced by other companies.
C. By analyzing procedures already used by the company.
D. By finding information from many different sources.
Passage Three
In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to back
their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives continuing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pressure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it.
It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group?s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional, moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.
This kind of pressure, whether spoken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unions. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.
Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain (usually unstate D) expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member who does not do so feel that he doesn?t fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displeasure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him he?d better conform “or else”. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them.
The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior. In such .cases, the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to. More often,-however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes mid actions are similar to our own.
41. The writer most probably discusses ____ in the previous part of the text.
A. advantages that conformity brings us
B. internal urge we have to conform with others
C. the definition of conformity
D. the necessity of conformity
42. You may experience external pressure to conform ____.
A. when you conceal your points of view
B. from the time when you were born
C. when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belong
D. when you face something new
43. A temperance group is ____.
A. an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages'
B. an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquors
C. an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages
D. an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors
44. If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you belong to, ____.
A. you will be tom apart by the others
B. their wrath will descend on you
C. you will gradually be deserted by them
D. you will resolve to behave more like them
45. The main topic of this text is ____.
A. the external pressure which urges us to conform with others
B. both the internal and external urge we have to conform with others
C. the urge and the tendency for us to conform with others
D. the generation of the external urge for us to conform with others
Passage Four
Theoretical physicists use mathematics to describe certain aspects of Nature. Sir Isaac Newton was the first theoretical physicist, although in his own time his profession was called “natural philosophy”.
By Newton?s era people had already used algebra and geometry to build marvelous works of architecture, including the great cathedrals of Europe, but algebra and geometry only describe things that are sitting still. In order to describe things that are moving or changing in some way, Newton invented calculus.
The most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to humans have always been the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky. Newton?s new calculus, combined with his “Laws of Motion”, made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky, but also of swinging weights and flying cannonballs in England.
Today?s theoretical physi cists are often working on the boundaries of known mathematics, sometimes inventing new mathematics as they need it, like Newton did with calculus.
Newton was both a theorist and an experimentalist. He spent many long hours, to the point of neglecting his health, observing the way Nature behaved so that he might describe it better. The so-called “Newton?s Laws of Motion” are not abstract laws that Nature is somehow forced to obey, but the observed behavior of Nature that is described in the language of m athematics. In Newton?s time, theory and experiment went together.
Today the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics. Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newton?s time. Theor ists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that technology so far does not allow us to observe in experiments. Many of the theoretical
physicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with her mathematical description in their work. Today?s theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Newton?s mathematical description of motion using calculus and his model for the gravitational force were extended very successfully to the emerging science and technology of electromagnetism. Calculus evolved into classical field theory.
Once electromagnetic fields were thoroughly described using mathematics, many physicists felt that the field was finished, that there was nothing left to describe or explain.
Then the electron was discovered, and particle physics was born. Through the mathematics of quantum mechanics and experimental observation, it was deduced that all known particles fell into one of two classes: bosons or fermions. Bosons are particles that transmit forces. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time. This is not true for fermions, only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time, and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter. This is why solids can?t pass through one another, why we can?t walk through walls-because of Pauli repulsion-the inability of fermions (matter) to share the same space the way bosons (forces) can.
While particle physics was developing with quantum mechanics, increasing observational evidence indicated that light, as electromagnetic radiation, traveled at one fixed speed (in a vacuum) in every direction, according to every observer. This discovery and the mathematics that Einstein developed to describe it and model it in his Special Theory of Relativity, when combined with the later development of quantum mechanics, gave birth to the rich subject of relativistic quantum field theory. Relativistic quantum field theory is the foundation of our present theoretical ability to describe the behavior of the subatomic particles physicists have been observing and studying in the latter half of the 20th century.
But Einstein then extended his Special Theory of Relativity to encompass Newton?s theory of gravitation, and the result, Einstein?s General Theory of Relativity, brought the mathematics called differential geometry into physics.
General relativity has had many observational successes that proved its worth as a description of Nature, but two of the predictions of this theory have staggered the public and scientific imaginations: the expanding Universe, and black holes. Both have been observed, and both encapsulate issues that, at least in the mathematics, brush up against the very nature of reality and existence.
Relativistic quantum field theory has worked very well to describe the observed behaviors and properties of elementary particles. But the theory itself only works well when gravity is so weak that it can be neglected. Particle theory only works when we pretend gravity doesn?t exist.
General relativity has yielded a wealth of insight into the Universe, the orbits of planets, the evolution of stars and galaxies, the Big Bang and recently observed black holes and gravitational lenses. However, the theory itself only works when we pretend that the Universe is purely classical and that quantum mechanics is not needed in our
description of Nature.
String theory is believed to close this gap.
Originally, string theory was proposed as an explanation for the observed relationship between mass and spin for certain particles called hadrons, which include the proton and neutron. Things didn?t work out, though, and Quantum Chromodynamics eventually proved a better theory for hadrons.
But particles in string theory arise as excitations of the string, and included in the excitations of a string in string theory is a particle with zero mass and two units of spin.
If there were a good quantum theory of gravity, then the particle that would carry the gravitational force would have zero mass and two units of spin. This has been known by theoretical physicists for a long time. This theorized particle is called the graviton.
This led early string theorists to propose that string theory be applied not as a theory of hadronic particles, but as a theory of quantum gravity, the unfulfilled fantasy of theoretical physics in the particle and gravity communities for decades. But it wasn?t enough that there be a graviton predicted by string theory. One can add a graviton to quantum field theory by hand, but the calculations that are supposed to describe Nature become useless. This is because, as illustrated in the diagram above, particle interactions occur at a single point of spacetime, at zero distance between the interacting panicles. For gravitons, the mathematics behaves so badly at zero distance that the answers just don?t make sense. In string theory, the strings collide over a small but finite distance, and the answers do make sense.
This doesn?t mean that string theory is not without its deficiencies. But the zero distance behavior is such that we can combine quantum mechanics and gravity, and we can talk sensibly about a string excitation that carries the gravitational force.
This was a very great hurdle that was overcome for late 20th century physics, which is why so many young people are willing to learn the grueling complex and abstract mathematics that is necessary to study a quantum theory of interacting strings.
46.Please give your account of “Newton?s Laws of Motion”.（2 points）
47.What is the present state of scientific research in account of Nature?（4 points）
48.What is the difference between bosons and fermions? （4 points）
Part III. Writing(1*30 points, 60 minutes)
Write a composition of about 400 words about this phenomenon and your opinion about it.
“What are the causes of water scarcity? What are your solutions?”
《翻译硕士英语》答案
一、单选
1.B crush.v.压碎；crash.v.飞机或车辆猛撞。n.碰撞时的哗啦声；crack.v.裂开；craft.v/n.工艺
2.B process.n.过程，进程。v.加工，处理；procession.n. (人或车辆的)队列，游行；progress.n.进步，进展；progression.n.发展，前进
3.C reduce.v.减少，缩小；retain.v.保留，保持；conceal.v.隐藏，隐瞒；retrieve.v.收回，使恢复
4.C lane.n.乡间小路，小巷，胡同，航线，泳道；corridor.n.建筑物内的走廊，过道；aisle.n.走道，过道；isle.n.岛
5.B aggregate.v/n.总计；aggravate.v.加重，使恶化；aggrieve.v.使委屈；agonize.v.使极度痛苦
6.C satisfy.v.使满意，使满足；satisfied.adj.满意的，满足的，+with sb/sth；satisfactory.adj.令人满意的；satisfying.adj.令人满意或满足的。
7.C oblivious.adj.未注意，未察觉+of/to sth；observant.adj.善于观察的；obsequious. adj.谄媚的，巴结奉承的；obsolescent.adj.过时的，陈旧淘汰的
8.A lenient.adj.(惩罚或执法时)宽大的；merciful.adj.宽大的，仁慈的；pitiful.adj. 令人同情的，可怜的；sympathetic.adj.同情的，赞同的，让人喜欢的+to/towards sb
9.D creep.v.爬行；crouch.v.蹲下；stroll.v/n.散步；glide.v/n.滑行，滑动
10.C simultaneous.adj.同时发生的；substantial.adj.实在的，现实的，坚实的，丰富的；spontaneous.adj.自发的，自然的；sporadic.adj.不时发生的，个别的，偶发的
11.C take away 消除，解除（感情、痛苦等）；take down 拆掉，拉低，写下；take in 欺骗，留宿；take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)
12.A go off 爆炸，(警报器) 突发巨响， (电气设备) 停止运作；get off 离开，拿开；come off 除去，举行；carry off 拿走，搬走，使死亡，赢得
13.C in quest of 寻找，设法找到，为了寻求；by means of 通过，依靠，借助于；in terms of 从...角度来讲，根据，依据；by virtues of 凭借，因为，由于
14.C let down 使失望，放下，放低; let alone 更不用说，不干涉; let off 允许不做某事，免除责任任务等; let out 释放，放走，泄露消息、秘密
15.A pass out 昏迷，分发；pass away 亡故，消失；pass into 融入；pass on传送，死去，转交
16.D pull on 猛吸（香烟等）；pull through康复；pull down拆毁，扫兴；pull up 停车
17.B live up to达到，不辜负；live on以...为生；live out外宿，过活，实践；live down使人忘却（做过的尴尬的事）
18.A figure on说出...的准确数字，考虑到；figure out弄明白；rely on依靠，仰仗；make out看出，辨清，证明
19.A get through通过考试，到达，处理工作；get in进入，到达；pass through
经过，路过；pass on亡故，消失
20.C in exchange for 换取
21.C 考察appreciate后接动名词的被动形式。
22.A 考察regret后接不定时表示“未发生”的概念。
23.A 考察it?s time/about/high time+一般过去式的句子。
24.A 考察insist后接的从句要用should+V原型，should可以省略。
25.B 考察对过去发生的事情的虚拟，主句用would have done结构。
26.C 考察allow后接的两个不定式的被动结构，前后平衡，to be 可以省略。
27.C 句首是否定的短语not even a word，句子需要倒装。
28.C 情态动词ought to have done(应该做但没做)，remember后接不定式表示动作没有发生。
29.C 考察的是强调句it is/was+强调成分+that/ who/whom.
30. D 考察对过去事情的虚拟，因为分句省略了if而且表达的是被动含义，所以选D。
二、阅读理解
31.B 根据第二段第一句可知，“交通拥挤以及把宝贵时间浪费在接收别人车辆的尾气上带来的挫败感使得追求快乐变成了糟糕的开始”，从而导致tempers become frayed“脾气烦躁”，由此可判断原因是路上车太多。
32.B 第二段第二句讲的是孩子通常是父亲发泄怒气的目标。第三句依然描述父亲的行为，把孩子上周犯的错重新挖出来并放大。
33.C 第三段teeming，every等词暗示沙滩上的人密密麻麻。
34.A 第四段提到Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness。丈夫以色迷迷的眼光鬼鬼祟祟地看别的人，所以妻子不乐意。
35.D 从最后一段可知the lobster skin被covered up而非packed away；plasters 和hurt在文中并未提及。the debris被collected而非covered with waste paper。wasted paper是被trodden into the sand。dress在此处可理解为“整理”。Passage Two
36.C 从第一段第三句“Yet every year the vast majority of Companies ...or likely return will be.”可知很多公司不知道做市场营销能给公司带来什么样的金融价值或回报，即他们做的市场营销不是基于对其潜在价值的评估，故选C项。
37.A 由“Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense”可知许多经理认为营销成本是一项额外花费，即增加了商品的成本。后面又说“许多成功运营的企业视营销为重要的投资手段”，故可排除其余三个选项。
38.D 第三段谈到Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems.“经理们普遍认为他们的
时间宝贵，与其把时间花在这些紧急的操作问题上，还不如花在任何其他事情上有意义。”他们并非没有时间，因此选项A错误，他们认为没必要写营销计划才是根本原因，故选项D正确。
39.B 根据第三段最后三句“if properly prepared ... need be dealt with by the manager.”可知如果准备充分，常规工作都可交由助手做，经理只需处理特殊情况，即经理做的工作就比其他人少了。故选B。
40.D 从第三段“The first step ... government de partments, institutions and the press.”知准备营销计划的的第一步就是从公司内部、政府部门、机构和新闻界搜集需要的信息。选项A、B和C均只是其中的一方面，不够全面，只有选项D 正确。
Passage three
41.B 从第一段的“In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure…” “除了我们自身产生的顺应他人的推动力以外，还
有外在的压力……”可以得出作者在此之前讨论的是B“顺应他人的内在推动力”
42.C 第二段举出了一个例子：一个禁酒组织的新成员可能因为不赞成这个组织严格坚持认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的这个观点而提出异议，但团体会让他很快知道这种不同的观点是不受欢迎的。因此可以得出答案C“当你的意见和你所属的团体意见不同时”，你会感到顺应大势所带来的外部压力。
43.B “temperance”的意思为“节欲, 戒酒, 禁酒”，如果不清楚这个词的意思也可以从第二段的“the group?s rigid insistence tha t all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong”“这个组织严格坚持认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的”，因此，不难选出答案B“禁酒组织是一个激励人们停止饮酒的组织”。
44.C 从第二段和第三段的两个例子可以看出，当你拒绝放弃自己的与集体不同的观点时，“he will be made to feel uncomfortable” “their wrath will descend on him.”, 大家会“让他感到不安”或“用愤怒袭击他”。因此，选C项“你会渐渐被他们所疏远。”
45.A 结合整篇文章内容，抓住关键词中心句：第一段的第一句话，就可以得出整篇文章主要讲的就是选项A“促使我们顺应他人的外在压力”。
Passage four
46. It is a mathematical model for the force of gravity and describes the observed behavior of Nature in the language of mathematics. (作者并未对“牛顿运动定律”的具体内容予以介绍，只是在第三、五段介绍了该定律的大致特点：该定律是描述地球引力的数学模型，并用数学语言对自然界可观察现象进行描述。)
47. The functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities and are more complex than before.（第六段介绍了当今科学界的研究方法：理论和观察被归结为两个截然不同的领域。无论在试验还是理论上，方法都比以前更复杂。）
48. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time; whereas only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time.（第八段提到任何物质的粒子不外乎两种：玻色子或费密子。区别在于：多个玻色子可以共处于同一量子状态。费密子则需要借助外力才能保持同一状态，否则就向邻近状态变迁。后文还介绍，费密子遵守庖利不相容原理，即：任何两个费密子不会同时处于相同的量子态，一般物质的很多特性都是来自于这个原则。）
三、作文
【科技英语翻译】长句翻译 例1. Also, most engines have a spill return system, by which any excess fuel from the injector pump and injectors is returned to the fuel tank. 译文:另外，大多数发动机都有一个溢出回油系统，通过该系统，从噴油泵和喷油嘴喷出的过多的油会回流到油箱。 照应译法——过渡词一般采用直译法 例2. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over a billion cubic meters of petrol/gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. 译文:2007年，全世界范围内道路上行驶的小汽车和轻型卡车大约有8.06亿辆。每年烧掉的汽油和柴油超过10亿立方米。 换序法-2007应该在后面但是放在了前面 例3. Information technology, together with industrial machinery and processes, can assist design, implementation, and monitoring of control systems. One example of industrial control system is a programmable logic controller (PLC). PLCs are specialized hardened computers which are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from physical sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. 译文:信息技术与工业机械和工业生产过程一道，可以帮助控制系统的设计、执行和监控。可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)就是工业控制系统的一个例证。可编程逻辑控制器属于专用硬化计算机，常常用来将(物理)传感器和事件的输入信号与执行机构和事件的输出信号同步。Synchronize同步 还原法——把PLC还原成可编程逻辑控制器 例4. Machines are usually powered by mechanical, chemical thermal, or electrical means, and are often motorized. Historically, a power tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine. However, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of power tools without moving parts that are considered machines. 译文:机器通常是通过机械能、化学能、热能或电能方式获得动力。并且常常是机动化。历史上，电动工具也要求有活动零件来作为机器分类的标志。但是，电子技术的出现带动了被看作机器但没有活动零件的电动工具的发展。 句中的machine和tool属于近义词 分译法——第一句翻译成了两句（也可以用合译法什么的） 例5. Many mechanical engineering companies especially those in industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate computer-aided engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes, including 2D and 3D solid modeling computer aided design (CAD). 译文:许多机械工程公司，尤其是工业化国家的机械工程公司，已经开始将计算机辅助工程(CAE)程序运用到他们现有的设计与分析过程中包括二维和三维的实体模型计算机辅助设计(CAD)。 还原法。Those指的mechanical engineering companies，机械工程公司
北林翻译硕士(MTI)考研复试分数线什 么情况下的要实际点 分数线的变化也代表了这一块的学生素质的变化。本文系统介绍北林翻译硕士(MTI)考研难度，北林翻译硕士(MTI)就业，北林翻译硕士(MTI)考研辅导，北林翻译硕士(MTI)考研参考书，北林翻译硕士(MTI)专业课五大方面的问题，凯程北林翻译硕士(MTI)老师给大家详细讲解。特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的北林翻译硕士(MTI)考研机构！ 一、北林翻译硕士(MTI)复试分数线是多少？ 2015年北林翻译硕士(MTI)复试分数线是375分，政治和外语最低52分；专业课一和专业课二最低78分。 2015年北林翻译硕士(MTI)英语笔译专业复试考试内容主要有： 1. 翻译基础知识 2. 英汉互译实践 3. 口语表达与视译 考研复试面试不用担心，凯程老师有系统的专业课内容培训，日常问题培训，还要进行三次以上的模拟面试，确保你能够在面试上游刃有余，很多老师问题都是我们在模拟面试准备过的。 二、北林翻译硕士(MTI)难度大不大，跨专业的人考上的多不多? 总体来说，北林翻译硕士(MTI)招生量较大，考试难度不高，2015年北林翻译硕士(MTI)的招生人数为22人（含推免生10人）。根据凯程从北林研究生院内部的统计数据得知，北林翻译硕士(MTI)的考生中90%是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。 在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。其次，翻译硕士(MTI)考试科目里，百科，翻译及基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。凯程每年都有大量二本三本学生考取的，所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。 三、北林翻译硕士(MTI)就业怎么样？ 北林外语学院本身的学术氛围不错，人脉资源也不错，另外，也有出国机会。从北林外语学院毕业的翻译硕士(MTI)每年的就业率高达90%以上，这些数据在百度上每年都可以查到的，因此这个专业非常值得考生们报考。 作为考研十大热门专业之一的翻译硕士(MTI)专业，其毕业生毕业后的就业率不仅很高而且就业面也十分广泛。据一个做自由职业翻译人在微博上透露，同声传译每天收入在4000左右，随行翻译每天2000左右。如此客观的收入，难怪常年报考人数居高不下了。毕业后只要在工作中不断的累计经验提升自己，学习翻译学的同学想要达到这个收入标准应该不是难事。 现在国内紧缺的专业翻译人才五大方向为会议口译（广泛应用于外交外事、会晤谈判、商务活动、新闻传媒、培训授课、电视广播、国际仲裁等领域），法庭口译（目前国内这一领域的高级口译人才几乎是空白），商务口译，联络陪同口译（企业、政府机构都有大量的外事接待事务，联络陪同口译的任务就是在接待、旅游等事务中担任口译工作），文书翻译（企业、出版社、翻译公司等机构都需要具备专业素养的文本翻译人才，这一领域的人才缺
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) 一、经济学史 Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.
北京林业大学2017年 “外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲 （英汉互译与英语国家文化） 一、大纲综述 英汉互译与英语国家文化是英汉互译技能和英语国家相关文化知识考试，是英语类考生报考我校“外国语言文学”学术型研究生的专业考试科目之一。为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。 本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的翻译和文化知识课程进行编制，适用于报考我校“外国语言文学”（方向01-05）硕士研究生的英语类考生（方向06为日语类考生，考试科目和考纲另发）。非英语专业报考本专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。 二、考试内容 考生应掌握以下方面的内容： 1. 英汉互译 能够熟练运用加词、减词、转类、换形、断句、合句、换序、转句、转态、正反等翻译手法，熟悉英汉语在词汇、语法、语义、语用、篇章、修辞等方面的差异，以及这些差异在翻译中的处理方法。了解英汉语言的主要文化差异，以及翻译中处理各种文化问题和文化现象的方法。能够进行叙事、科技、旅游、商务、新闻报道、社会问题、文学作品、传统文化等多种题材和体裁的英汉互译。 2. 英语国家社会与文化 英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰五国概况、历史及社会文化知识。 三、考试要求 本考试为翻译和基本专业知识相结合的考试，考生应掌握基本的英汉互译能力和英语国家社会文化方面的基本知识。 四、考试方式及时间 考试方式为闭卷、笔试，时间为3小时，满分为150分。 五、试卷结构 1. 英译汉：50分，1-2篇，共约400英文词短文。 2. 汉译英：50分，1-2篇，共约500汉字短文。
3. 英语国家社会与文化：50分，选择题、填空题、解词、答题等形式。 六、复习参考书 1. 翻译：考试题目不会选自正式出版的教材或本校讲义，以下教材仅为考生的学习和复习提供一个参考。 陈德彰《英汉翻译入门》第二版，北京：外研社，2012。 陈宏薇、李亚丹主编《新编汉英翻译教程》(第二版)，上海：外教社，2010/2013。 冯庆华《实用翻译教程》（第三版），上海：外教社，2010。 冯庆华、陈科芳主编《汉英翻译基础教程》，北京：高教社，2008。 李长栓、施晓菁《汉英翻译案例讲评》，北京：外文出版社，2012。 穆雷主编《英汉翻译基础教程》，北京：高教社，2008。 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》(第二版)，上海：外教社，2011/2013。 王振国、李艳琳《新英汉翻译教程》，北京：高教社，2007。 王振国、李艳琳《新汉英翻译教程》，北京：高教社，2014。 杨士焯编著《英汉翻译教程》(第二版)，北京：北大，2011。 叶子南《英汉翻译案例讲评》，北京：外文出版社，2011。 Joan Pinkham《中式英语之鉴》，北京：外研社，2000。 2. 英语国家社会与文化 朱永涛、王立礼主编《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第三版，上下册），北京：高等教育出版社，2011。 梅仁毅主编《英语国家社会与文化》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2010。 訾缨主编《英语国家概况》，北京：北京大学出版社，2010。
1/4 【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/276187243.html, 1城乡规划学硕士研究生专业课考试大纲 一、《城市设计》考试大纲 （一）基本要求： 试题分数：150分，分为一、二两个部分，其中第一部分90分，第二部分60分。 考试时间：6小时 （二）考试内容 第一部分：城市设计 内容：城市公共中心、历史地段、居住区、滨水开放空间等地段的城市设计，面积约为10-20公顷。包括总平面图（图纸比例1：1000）、规划分析图（比例不限，包括功能结构图、绿地景观规划图、道路系统规划图等），以及表达设计意图的整体鸟瞰图，简要的设计说明。 所有设计内容绘制于不少于2张A2图纸上，可以是白色绘图纸、硫酸纸、拷贝纸（无任何标记），图纸由考生自备，绘图表现形式不限。第二部分：重点地段景观设计 内容：在第一部分设计成果基础上，选取不小于2公顷的重要公共地段（应包含公共建筑、公园、广场或公共绿地）进行景观深化设计。 设计成果应包括总平面图（图纸比例1：200至1：500）、以及表达设计意图的透视图，简要的设计说明，绘制于不少于一张A2图纸上。可以是白色绘图纸、硫酸纸、拷贝纸（无任何标记），图纸由考生自备，绘图表现形式不限。 二、《城市规划基础理论》考试大纲 （一）基本要求：
2/4 【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： https://www.doczj.com/doc/276187243.html, 2考试方式：闭卷考试 试题分数：150分 考试时间：3小时 （二）考试内容：主要考察城市规划基本原理和中外城市建设历史的相关知识。主要包括如下： 1)城市发展历史及影响因素，主要城市规划理论，研究前沿动态 2)城乡规划内容、城乡规划体系及管理法规 3)居住区规划的概念和相关理论、规范要求 4)城市总体规划及各专项规划编制的内容和方法 5)城市社会经济生态相关理论及研究进展 （三）主要参考书籍： 1）《城市规划原理（第四版）》，吴志强，李德华主编，中国建筑工业出版社，2010 2）《外国城市建设史（第一版）》，沈玉麟编，中国建筑工业出版社，1989 3）《中国城市建设史（第三版）》，董鉴泓主编，中国建筑工业出版社，2004 2014年有甘XX 等多名学员以优异成绩考上北京林业大学的风景园林,城市规划，行政管
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译模拟练习题（2） There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions —a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man ” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents ’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere ”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn ’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I ’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader —Joyce, Kafka, Mann —so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn ’t science fiction —and I kept telling them, “ When I ’m financially secure.” 答案 1.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。 2.还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。 3.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。” 4.到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。 5.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。 总体分析 本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。 本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择，等。
2019年北京林业大学翻译硕士（MTI）专业学位招生 报考“英语笔译”专业入学考试大纲及参考书目 北京林业大学翻译硕士(MTI)专业学位“英语笔译”专业入学考试大纲供报考2019年北京林业大学翻译硕士专业学位“英语笔译”的考生复习使用。 一、考试目的 本考试旨在全面考察考生的英汉双语综合能力及双语翻译能力，本校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。 二、考试的性质与范围 本考试是英语笔译翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。 《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的英语水平，总分100分。《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分。《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。 三、考试基本要求 1. 具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的英语积极词汇。 2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。 3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。对作为母语的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。 四、考试形式 本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。 五、考试内容和参考书目 见后面分别表述。参考书仅供考试复习时学习和参考。 六、复试科目 笔译：英汉互译，翻译基础知识，口语表达和视译
1.《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲 一、考试目的 《翻译硕士英语》作为英语笔译专业研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行英语笔译学习所要求的英语水平。 二、考试性质与范围 本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试范围包括考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。 三、考试基本要求 1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000以上，掌握6,000个以上积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。 2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。 3. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。 四、考试形式 本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。 五、参考书目 不指定参考书。考生应达到CET6或TEM4及以上级别。 六、考试内容 本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。总分为100分。 I. 词汇语法 1. 要求 1) 词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。 2) 语法要求：考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。2. 题型： 多项选择或改错题
2017北京林业大学翻译硕士复试分数线 高不高 翻译硕士专业学位研究生，即MTI（Master of Translation and Interpreting）是为了适应市场经济对应用型高层次专门人才的需求，国务院学位委员会于2007年1月批准设置的一种专业学位。2008年开始招生，2009年面向应届本科毕业生招生。 MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。翻译硕士专业学位的培养目标为具有专业口笔译能力的高级翻译人才。翻译硕士专业学位获得者应具有较强的语言运用能力、熟练地翻译技能和宽广的知识面，能够胜任不同专业领域所需的高级翻译工作。 全日制MTI招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。作为我国专业硕士之一，MTI不仅面向英语专业的考生，同时也鼓励非外语专业毕业生及有口笔译时间经验者报考，其中非外语专业的毕业生更受到报考院校的欢迎。 2015年北京林业大学翻译硕士复试分数线是375分，政治和外语最低52分；专业课一和专业课二最低78分。 2015年北京林业大学翻译硕士英语笔译专业复试考试内容主要有： 1. 翻译基础知识 2. 英汉互译实践 3. 口语表达与视译 考研复试面试不用担心，凯程老师有系统的专业课内容培训，日常问题培训，还要进行三次以上的模拟面试，确保你能够在面试上游刃有余，很多老师问题都是我们在模拟面试准备过的。 下面凯程老师给大家详细介绍下北林的翻译硕士专业： 一、北京林业大学翻译硕士研究方向 翻译说以的细分研究方向大体分为笔译和口译。笔译要求在英语和汉语方面同时提高，加强两种语言的运用能力和互译能力。会开设英汉、汉英的翻译课程，同时英文写作和关于中文素养的课程也会同时开设。目的是可以在翻译各种文体的文本时，采用恰当的方法以及准确的用语进行翻译工作。口译在交传和同传方面都会有相应的课程开设，同时进行培训，其中包括视译、带稿同传等各种方式。口译更为注重实战经验，培养过程中，模拟回忆或实际回忆的次数非常多。 二、北京林业大学翻译硕士考研难不难 总体来说，北京林业大学翻译硕士招生量较大，考试难度不高，2015年北京林业大学翻译硕士的招生人数为22人（含推免生10人）。根据凯程从北京林业大学研究生院内部的统计数据得知，北京林业大学翻译硕士的考生中90%是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。 在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。其次，翻译硕士考试科目里，百科，翻译及基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。凯程每年都有大量二本三本学生考取的，所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。 三、北京林业大学翻译硕士就业怎么样
2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四) Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (1)(In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made.)Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(2)(The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.) (3)(This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons.) Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(4)(These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.) The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(5)(Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts)and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units. 答案 1.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。 2.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。 3.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。 4.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了?，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。 5.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。 总体分析 本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。 第一段：指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念，从而影响了我们对物质的理解。 第二段：指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的，他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。 第三段：纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。 本文是一篇科普性说明文，属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构，并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇，在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点：(一)被动语态。(二)定语，包括定语从句，分词作定语。(三)状语从句。 试题精解 1.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、定语从句的译法。
2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题（4 (1(A ny discussi on of the America n educati onal system would be less tha n complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the non academic, social, “ extracurricular ” aspect of educati on, astperdefiinied growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and gen eral term subsets educationembraKsirtog^irirgcuidi ng as withi n it academic and non academic comp onents. This may be one of the most difficult con cepts to convey to some one who is not in timately familiar with America n higher educati on. Few educati onal systems in other coun tries place the same emphasis on this ble nd of academic and pers onal educati on. The majority of colleges and uni versities in the Un ited States make some attempt to in tegrate pers onal and in tellectual growth in the un dergraduate years. (2( If the ultimate goal of un dergraduate educati on in America were simply to convey a set body of kno wledge, the term of studies could un doubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are exte nded in order to give stude nts a cha nee to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opport un ities are made available to stude nts to become invo Ived in sports, stude nt gover nment, musical and dramatic orga ni zati ons, and coun tless other orga ni zed and in dividual activities desig ned to enhance one ' s pers onal growth and provide some recreati on and enjo yme nt outside of the classroom. (3(Experie nee with campus orga ni zati ons and off-campus com mun ity invo Iveme nt can be highly valuable in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home. The typical American college ' s support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world, This special educatio nal dime nsion, bey ond the classroom and laboratory experie nee, does not mean that extracurricular participati on is required to gain an America n degree. It rema ins an en tirely optio nal activity, but (4(it is no ted here because America ns have tradti on ally viewed success in one ' s role as a citize n as closely lin ked to a “ wero un ded ” life that in corporates a variety of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a
北京林业大学翻译硕士（MTI）专业学位 “英语笔译”专业招生入学考试大纲及参考书目 北京林业大学翻译硕士(MTI)专业学位“英语笔译”专业的入学考试大纲是在2010年教育部专业学位命题指导意见的基础上根据本专业情况制订的，如果教育部在2011年有新的方案将随时另行通知。 一、考试目的 本考试旨在全面考察考生的英汉双语综合能力及双语翻译能力，本校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。 二、考试的性质与范围 本考试是英语笔译翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。 《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的英语水平，总分100分。《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分。《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。 三、考试基本要求 1. 具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的英语积极词汇。 2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。 3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。对作为母语的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。 四、考试形式 本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。 五、考试内容和参考书目 见后面分别表述。参考书仅供考试复习时学习和参考。 六、样题 参见《全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试指南》，外研社2009年11月出版 七、复试笔试科目 笔译：英汉互译，翻译基础知识 参考书同《英语翻译基础》考试（翻译知识部分将以这两本书为主要范围）。