2010年职称英语考试已结束，为了更好的帮助大家学习和备考2011年职称英语考试，学慧网辅导专家特整理了2010年职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试真题及答案解析。希望对大家考试学习和备考有用，祝大家顺利通过2011年职称英语考试！
2010年职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试真题及答案解析
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad．
A．tolerate B．generate C．reduce D．mensure
2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone．A．equal B．immediate C．moderate D．great
3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school．
A．bright B．unclear C．general D．bad
4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education．
A．special B．private C．general D．good
5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people．
A．picture B．danger C．evidence D．case
6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil．
A．doubt B．relief C．failure D．confusion
7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．
A．love B．surprise C．anger D．doubt
8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day．
A．energetic B．free C．physical D．regular
9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues．
A．boring B．original C．humorous D．long
10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth．
A．attract B．spend C．encourage D．require
11．He demolished my argument in minutes．
A．supported B．disproved C．disputed D．accepted
12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．
A．close B．sell C．break D．combine
13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．
A．polite B．usual C．bad D．similar
14．The project required ten years of diligent research．
A．hardworking B．social C．basic D．scientific
15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison．
A．necessary B．terrible C．critical D．normal
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in
2016．But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely．
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth．
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit．Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun．
Light during daytime and when skies are clear．
But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go．"he says.
Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．"We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy．
But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz．"You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says．According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool．
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．"To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says．16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；
(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel
(矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)．
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing
one-third as much as electricity．In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants．
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)，making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11．
4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025．
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades．
Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain．
23．Paragraph 2_________．24．Paragraph 3________．25．Paragraph
4_________. 26．Paragraph 5________．A．Popularity and use of natural gas B．Natural gas reserves and supply C．Natural gas prices D．Clean fuel of choice E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas consumption 27．Natural gas is stored deep________．28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_________．29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas____________．30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_________．A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for home energy needs
第4部分：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence
How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say．
The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U．S．incorporated these conditions of the early universe，
sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness．
The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone．"sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being．
According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar．
Dr．Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang．
"This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．"The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele．ments further across the universe．So when you think about it．a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．"
Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe．More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob．ject becomes a true star．
"Dr．Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex．as，Austin and the author of a companion article．"We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．"
31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_______．
A．was governed by simpler physics B．got fewer stars shinning in it
C．started over 13 billion years ago D．was composed in a way similar to that of today 32．What can the state-of-the．art computer simulation tell us about?
A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago．B．How"cosmic dark ages"came into existence．C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang．D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang．
33．What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．cosmic dark ages．B．dust grains and gases．C．a protostar．D．the early universe．
34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar?
A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang．B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases．C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star．D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun．
35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT
A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar
第二篇
The Iceman
On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita．1y．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially
warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface．It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows．
Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．
With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．
By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times．
36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_________．A．he was lying on the ice B．two Germans were climbing mountains C．the melted ice made him visible D．he was just on a mountain pass 37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The iceman was killed while working．B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．C．The iceman lived a poor life．D．The iceman was struck dead from behind．
38．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_____________．A．he was a soldier in World War I B．he came from Italy C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father D．He was born about a thousand years ago 39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．
A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B．was probably in some kind of a battle C．had got a wound on the back of his head D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death．
40．The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by________．
A．robbers B．soldiers C hunters D．shooters
第三篇
Scientists Make Sweet Discovering
Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you，according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe．
In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift．Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal．The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink．
By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar．In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen．In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate．
Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity．One of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year．Infact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than any where else in the world．Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eatenin small quantities and with no added milk．41．Why is chocolate good for heaa and circulation?
A．It reduces pain and stress．B．It containS substances called flavonoids．C．It releases endorphins in human body．D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart．42．When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________，it soon became fashionable．A．as a drink B．as a gift C．as food D．as a medicine
43．What does James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate?
A．They produce the first mild chocolate．B．They introduce chocolate to Europe．C．They add sugar to make chocolate bars． D.They make chocolate accessible to average man．
44．Which is the following statement is not true according to the passage?
A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy．B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk．C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet．D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide．45．What iS the author's tone about eating chocolates?
A．ambiguous B．negative C．positive D．humorous
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
I Just Know How You Feel
Do you feel sad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique?Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings CaB be divided into groups，classified，and perhaps，taught．This week sees the publication of Mind Reading，an interactive DVD-rom displaying every possible human emotion．It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel：the first visual dictionary of the human heart．
The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin．His The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals，published in 1872，divided the emotions into six types-anger，fear，sadness，disgust，surprise and enjoyment．________(46)．
Every other feeling，of which there may be thousands，was thought to derive from this six-strong group．More complex expressions of emotion were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture．An incredulous or indignant Pacific islander might not be able to show an Essex girl exactly how she felt．
But now it is believed that，whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well，many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared
worldwide．___________(47)．The Mind Reading is a systematic record of each of these expressions being acted out．
The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism，who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion．But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses．Novelists，actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expression，and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development．
Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion．________(48)．Using thisdefinition，1，512 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre．sented a separate emotion，or if they were synonyms．That list was whittled down to 412，arranged in24 groups．from"afraid"to"wanting"．
Once the emotions were classified．a DVD seemed the most efficient way to display them．In Mind Reading，each expressions is acted out-six times，by six different actors-in three seconds．
_______(49)．The explanation for this is simple：we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words，but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face．"It was really clear when the actors had got it right，"says Cathy Collis，who directed the DVD．BUt though we find it difficult to describe many emotions，we instantly recognize one when we see one．"Even when the actors were strnggling to get an emotion，there was a split second when it was absolutely there．It was really clear when they'd got it，"Cathy Collis，who directed the DVD．"Although the actors were given some direction，they were not told which facial
muscle they should move．"She added__________(50)For example，when someone feels contempt，you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down．
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American Professor Paul Ekman．who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion．The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units"．These can be combined into more than 10．000 visible facial shapes．Ekman has written out a paper of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion．
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion but it would have been almost impossible tomake clear rules for this
B．These particular muscles aye difficult to control，and few people can do it．
C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read the emotional expressions．
D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel"or"he looks"or "she sounds"．
E．He said that the expression of theses feelings aye universal and recognizable by anyone，from any culture．
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions，such as words，would have been far less efiective．
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dry．But the air contains water，and research scientists have found a_________(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity．The system isbased completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous．Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack of water．But even here，where there are no lakes，rivers or groundwater，considerable quantities of water are stored in the air．In the Negev desert in Israel，for example，annual average relative air hu-midity is 64 percent-in every cubic meter of air there aye 11．5 milliliters of water．
German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously intodrinkable water．"The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources_______(52)thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic ceils，
_________(53)makes this methodcompletely energy-autonomous．It will_______(54)function in regions where there is no electricalinfrastructure．"says Siegfried Egner，head of the research team．The principle of the_______ (55)is as follows：hygroscopic brine-saline solution which absorbs moistureruns down a tower-shapedunit and absorbs water from the air．It is then sucked_________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails．Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine，whichis diluted by the water it
has________(58).
Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower thaa it would be under_____ (59)atmospheric pressure．This effect is known from the mountains：as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley，water boils at temperatures distinctly below
100~C．The evaporated，non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner．The gravity of this water column_________(60)produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air．
"The concept is suitable for various water_________(62)．Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，"says Egner．Prototypes have been built
for______
(63)system components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientistshave Mready________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale．In a further________(65)the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility．51．A．road B．channel C．way D．path
52．A．in spite of B．because of C．as a result of D．such as
53．A．who B．where C．when D．which
54．A．meanwhile B．therefore C．however D．still
55．A．prospect B．process C．progress D．product
56．A．from B．at C．above D．into
57．A．keeps B．brings C．breaks D．heats
58．A．attracted B．affected C．allowed D．absorbed
59．A．normal B．different C．easy D．available
60．A．continuously B．suddenly C．typically D．seriously
61．A．takes B．puts C．flies D．runs
62．A．users B．designers C．owner D．workers
63．A．both B．every C．same D．either
64．A．repaired B．cancelled C．tested D．copied
65．A．instrument B．step C．case D．ground
2010年全国职称英语理工类（A级）考试参考答案
第l部分：词汇选项
1．A [解析]我不能忍受邻居的噪音，那快让我疯了。put up with：忍受；和A．tolerate意思相近，例如：The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams．学校无法容忍考试作弊现象。
B．generate产生。C．reduce：减少，缩小；例如：They have to reduce expenses this year．他们今年必须削减开支。D．measure：测量，估计；例如：We cannot measure a man by his failures．我们不能以失败来衡量一个人。
2．D [解析]社会工作者对独居老人的定期访问很有价值。immense：巨大的，较好的；A．equal：平等的，用法为be equal to；B．immediate：立即的，直接的；例如：He demanded' immediate payment．他要求立即付款。C．moderate：适度的，中等的；例如：It is a large house，but the garden is of moderate size．那是一栋大房子，可是花园却只有一般的大小。D．great：巨大的，符合题意，例如：He achieved great success in his career．他的事业取得了巨大的成功。
3．B [解析]他对自己没有完成学业的原因相当糊涂。vague：含糊的，不明确的，它和B．unclear意思相同，例如：It was still unclear what the cause of the aircrash was．那起空难的原因还不清楚。A．bright：聪明的，光明的；例如：We enjoyed the bright sunshine．我们享受明媚的阳光。C．general：一般的，大体的；例如：the general trend of development发展的大趋势。D．bad：糟糕的，坏的；You have to correct your bad habits radically．你必须彻底地改正自己的坏习惯。
4．D[解析]我想给我的孩子们提供良好的教育。decent：相当好的，体面的；更多的用法有：decent income可观的收入；decent meal像样的饭；decent cloth体面的服装；D．good
和它意思相同。A．special：特别的；This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。B．ptovate：私人的，隐私的；例如：Fans are always CUrious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。C．general：普遍的；如：the general public普通大众。
5．B 【解析]陡峭的楼梯对老年人特别危险。hazard和B．danger意思相同，表示危险的：A．picture：图片，图画。How do you like his picture?你喜欢他的图画吗?C．evidence：证据，迹象；例如：There is no evidence that there will be an earthquake there．没有迹象表明那个地区会发生地震。D．case：情况；如：Is that the case?是这样的情况吗?
6．D[解析]我们的安排被弄得一团糟。turmoil：混乱，骚动；D．confusion：混乱，困惑：例如：The conference ended in confusion．会议在混乱中结束。A．doubt：怀疑，疑惑；例如：I doubt his competence to do the work．我怀疑他是否有能力做那件工作。B．relief：减除，救济；例如：refief fund for the earthquake in Yushu district玉树地区的地震救济金。
7．C [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨；如：He shows no resent．ment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。C．anger愤怒；最符合题意。如：I cannot control my anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。A．love爱；如：Love conquers a11．爱能战胜一切。B．surprise惊奇；如：What a pleasant surprise!多惊喜的事情呀!D．doubt怀疑；如：There is no doubt that we willbe successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。
8．A [解析]你的狗每天至少需要20分钟充沛的运动。vigorous：精力充沛的：A．en．crgetic 和它意思相同，表示有活力的，精力充沛的；例如：He is an energetic man．Everyday heworks until midnight．他是个精力旺盛的人，每天都工作到半夜。B．free：自由的。C．physi．cal：体力的，身体的；例如：to do physical exercise锻炼身体。D．regular：定期的，正式的；如：He has no regular work．他没有正式的工作。
9．C [解析]我很喜欢那个游戏--它有巧妙的情节和有趣的对话。B．original：原始的，原创的；例如：He can read Shakespeare in the original．他能读莎士比亚作品的原文。A．boring：乏味的，无聊的；C．humorous：幽默的，滑稽的；例如：Indeed he has a solemn face，buthe is very humorous at heart．他的确有一副严厉的脸孔，但内心却很富幽默感。D．long：长的。
10．A[解析]低税收将刺激投资，帮助经济增长。spur：鞭策，激励；C．encourage和spur 意思相同，鼓舞，鼓励；例如：New measures have been taken to encourage consumption in China．中国采取了新的举措来刺激消费。A．attract：吸引；例如：His film has attracted a large audience．他的电影吸引了很多的观众。B．spend：花费；如：She spent the whole month to prepare for the examination．她用一个月的时间准备考试。D．require：要求：如：This is the minimum quantity we require．这是我们所要求的最小数量。
11．B [解析]他在几分钟内就驳倒了我的观点。demolish：推翻，驳倒；B．disprove：反驳；与demolish意思最接近。例如：It is nearly impossible to disprove a rumor．要辟谣几乎是不可能的。A．support：支持，扶持；如：1 will always support you whatever you do．不论你做什么，我都会支持你。C．dispute：辩论，怀疑；例如：We disputed with each other on various issues．我们为各种问题互相争论。D．accept：接受。
12．D [解析]两家银行已宣布了在明年合并的计划。merge：合并，兼并；D．combine：使结合，使联合，和merge意思接近；如：to combine theory with practice理论联系实际；A．close：停止，关闭；如：to close an account关闭一个(银行)账户。B．sell：卖，出售。C．break：打破，折断；例如：The old man broke a tooth on a bone．这老人咬骨头把一颗牙折断了。
13．A [解析]她的父亲是一位举止优雅安静的人。graceful"：典雅的，有礼貌的；A．polite：有礼貌的，文雅的，和graceful意思接近；例如：He is always polite to people．他总是对人很有礼貌。B．usual：通常的；如：The child went to school as usual．这孩子像往常一样上学去了。C．bad：糟糕的，坏的；例如：a bad idea坏主意。D．similar；相似的，类似的；例如：The project in All,ca hassimilar goals．在非洲的计划有类似的目的。
14．A[解析]这个项目需要10年的刻苦钻研。diligent：勤勉的，勤奋的；A．hardwork．ing：刻苦的，努力的，与diligent意思相近；例如：His Success depend on his hardworking and pa．tience．他的成功全靠他的辛勤与耐心。B．social：社会的；例如：good social order良
好的社会秩序。C．basic：基本的，基础的；例如：My boss can speak some basic English．我的老板能说一些基础英语。D．scientific：科学的；例如：scientific development科学发展。
15．B [解析]他被关押在条件恶劣的监狱里。appalling：可怕的，令人震惊的；B．terrible：可怕的，最接近题意。A．necessary：必要的，必须的；例如：We still lack the necessary information．我们仍缺少必要的信息。C．critical：危险的，爱挑剔的；例如：He is very critical aboutf00d．他对食物特别挑剔。D．normal：正常的；例如：It is normal to feel lonely sometimes．偶尔会觉得寂寞是很正常的。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，文章第一段中提到"ofpower beamed down from
s01ar-power satellites beginning in 2016"说明太阳能卫星会使用无线电波从太空发射能量光束。
17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息，文章在第一段中提到200这个数字是关于"Ihe Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solarpower satellites beginning in 2016"：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。
18．B[解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。文章在第三段末尾提到："在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。"
19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章第四段"But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space"：但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射每一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价，即成本高的问题。
20．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，从文章第五段"A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight"我们知道这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法。
21．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章最后一段"it is not expecting to crowd out other forms 0f renewable energy"我们知道它(从太空中获得的太阳能)并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。
22．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章主要围绕美国，尤其是加州来说，并没有提到其他国家的情况。
参考译文
加利福尼亚州批准空间太阳能电站
使用从太空照下的能源已经离现实近在咫尺了，因为加利福尼亚州已经以协议的形式批准了。协议规定：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。但这项技术要广泛使用，仍有一些挑战需要克服。
发出这一设想的公司Solaren正在设计一颗卫星。公司称这颗卫星将会使用无线电波将能源发送到地球上的接收站。
在太空收集太阳能这一设想的吸引人之处在于它是目前在地球同步轨道上收集阳光受阻碍
最少的方式。与此截然不同的是，在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。
但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价。印第安纳州普渡大学拉法叶校区的Richarci Scllwartz说："如果你要说的是让这一设想从经济角度上可行，从而供应地球能量，这是一条很艰难的道路。"
Solaren公司的能源服务部门的经理Cal Boerman说公司设计这一卫星时已考虑到将发射成本降低。他说："我们知道我们必须想出一个与众不同的，有革新意义的设计。"这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法，包括使用可充气的镜子向太阳能电池板聚焦，这样利用较少的太阳能电池板就可以收集到等量的能量。
但使用镜子又带来了其他问题，包括防止太阳能电池板过热，Sclawartz提出。"你必须处理好热量散发的问题，因为你将很多能量聚集在一个地方。"他说。按照该公司的专利书描述．Solaren公司的太阳能电池板会被连接到散热板上使其保持冷却。
尽管Boerman说这家公司相信它能制造建立在太空中的太阳能发电厂，但它并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。加利福尼亚州的法律以及其他州的法律要求在未来几年增加对可再生能源的利用。他指出："为了满足这些需要，我们需要使用各种可再生能源。"
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及天然气的各种用途。
24．D [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。
25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。
26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。
27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句话"Natural gas is produceci from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．"
28．F[解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句话"In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy neecls，costing one-thirdas much as electricity．"
29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话"In addition to Ileating Jaomes，much of the gas useci in the United States is Hse(1 as a rawmaterial to manufacture a wide vatiety of products，from paint，to fil3ers for clothing，to plastics for healthcaare，computing and fllmishings．"
30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句话"The U．S．Department of Energy's：Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50。percent by 2025．"
参考译文
天然气天然气深藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，由埋藏在地球上上百万年前的有机物生成。它的主要成分是甲烷。
过去50多年，随着管道基础设施的建设将气体便利、经济地输送到世界各地的居住区、商业区和工业区用户，天然气的受欢迎程度和利用程度便迅速增长。如今全美50个州都有天然气服务，并且天然气成为美国家用燃料和工业使用燃料的首选。有超过6500万的美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源需求，其费用是电的三分之一。除了家庭取暖外，在美国，天然气还被用作油漆、服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品的原材料，其也被用在许多新的发电厂。
天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸汽--与人呼吸产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的矿物燃料。
美国消费世界天然气总产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部预计到2025年，天然气的需求将会超过50％。
地表下面储存有大量的天然气。在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东地区，天然气的储存量最大。
过去的40多年。美国除了自己生产液化气外，还进口液化气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．A [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是：根据前两段，宇宙的早期_________。原文是"宇宙最初的构成同今天的有所不同，而宇宙早期的主要物理现象也比较简单。"选项A"主要物理现象也比较简单"；选项B"在其中闪烁的星星更少"；选项C"开始于130亿年前"；选项D"和今天(宇宙)的构成方式相似"。因此只能选A。
32．D［解析］本题是细节考查题。题目问：这台最先进的电脑模拟系统告诉我们什么? 原文是"现在一种最先进的电脑模拟系统可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰产生的最详细的图片。" 选项A"130亿年前宇宙大爆炸是如何发生的"；选项B"宇宙黑暗时代是如何形成的"；选项C "在大爆炸后宇宙微尘和气体是如何形成的"；选项D"在大爆炸后宇宙最初的星辰是如何形成的"。因此只能选D。
33．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是"这一时期有时也被称为'宇宙的黑暗时代'，模拟了最终在夜空中闪耀的天体的形成过程。"选项A"宇宙的黑暗时代"；选项B"微尘和气体"；选项C"
原恒星"；选项D"宇宙早期"。因此只能选C。
34．A [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目问：根据第四段，如下关于原星辰的说法哪个不正确?原文第四段中提到了B、C、D的内容，而提到A的相关内容时原文是说"after the Big Bang"，在大爆炸之后。因此只能选A。选项A"在宇宙大爆炸中成为大恒星"；选项B"组成早期星辰的气体"；选项C"在形成巨大星体时能够合成重元素"；选项D"只有太阳百分之一大"。
35．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。题目问：根据最后一段，如下哪个不是此模拟工程的目的?原文最后一段作为此项工程的目的提及了A、C、D选项所述内容，而B只是手段，而非目的。所以只能选B。选项A"更多的了解宇宙最初的星辰的体积和属性"；选项B"模拟宇宙早期的形成过程"；选项C"将模拟结果应用于核反应的初期阶段"；选项D"发现原星辰形成的真相"。
参考译文
宇宙中最初的星辰是如何产生的?
多年来，最初的星辰是如何由尘埃和气体组成的问题一直困扰着人们，然而专家们说，现在一种最先进的电脑模拟系统可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰是如何产生的最详细的图片。
宇宙最初的构成同今天的有所不同，而且宇宙早期的主要物理现象也比较简单。
Naoki'Yoshida博士同他在日本和美国的同事一起整合了宇宙早期的各种情况，这一时期有时也被称为"宇宙的黑暗时代"，模拟了最终在夜空中闪耀的天体的形成过程。
这一研究的结果是对原恒星--宇宙中巨大的原始星辰的早期阶段形成的详细的描述并且有"
宇宙的罗塞达石碑"之称的研究人员的电脑模拟系统，为进一步研究星体的形成过程奠定了基础。宇宙中最初的星辰是如何形成的问题非常重要，因为它们的形成及最终的爆炸为随后的星体的形成提供了种子。
根据研究人员的模拟系统，重力对物质、气体及宇宙大爆炸后形成的神秘的"黑暗物质" 的密度的微小变化产生了影响，从而形成了星辰的雏形--仅有太阳百分之一大的原恒星。
模拟系统为我们展示了组成早期星辰的气体是如何在早期宇宙简单的物理作用下演化形成
了原恒星。Yoshida博士的模拟系统还展示了原恒星可能会在宇宙大爆炸刚刚结束就演化成能够合成重元素的巨大的星体，而不是几代以后的星体才能合成。
哈佛大学天文学教授同时也是这项报告的合作者Lars Hernquist谈到："星体形成的总图和对比宇宙不同时期和区域星体如何形成的能力将最终让我们能够探索生命和星球的起源。
随着星体越来越多，宇宙中的各种元素更加充裕，而且星体的形成和毁灭继续将这些元素传播到宇宙的更深处。所以你想想我们身体的所有元素最初都形成于很久以前星体中心的核反应。"
对宇宙早期原恒星诞生的模拟意味着向拼接原始星体形成过程和预测宇宙中最初的星辰的
质量和性质的宏伟目标迈出了关键的一步。要进行更进一步的计算和模拟就需要功能更强的电脑，更多的物理数据，甚至更广的研究范围，但是研究者希望最终能将这个模拟结果应用于核反应初期--也就是当一个星状物质变成真正的星辰的时候。
德克萨斯州立大学天文学助理教授，一篇相关论文的作者Volker Bromm说："Yoshida博士已经用这个模拟系统把对原始星体形成的研究推到了一个新的水平，但是这离我们最终的目标还很远。这就像是躺在摩天大楼的地基上。我们必须继续在这一领域的研究，从而了解最初的原恒星是如何一层一层长大并最终成为一颗巨大星体的。但是现在，物理现象越来越复杂，而且我们还需要更多的计算资源。"
第二篇
36．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。原文是："但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的更快，因此尸体才显露出来。"选项A"他躺在冰上"；选项B"两个德国人正在爬山"；选项C"融化的冰将他暴露出来"；选项D "他刚好在一个山口上"。因此只能选C。
37．B[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。原题是：能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项? 选项B"冰人有可能死于头部伤口"；选项D"冰人背后受袭击而致死"；选项A"冰人工作时被杀害"；选项c"冰人生活贫困"。原文是"它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好"，仅就此推断。冰人可能死于头部伤。因此答案是B。
38．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测?原文在第三段。选项A"他是一战时期的士兵"；选项B"他来自意大利"在文章中没有出现：选项C"他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲"；选项D"他大约一千年前出生"。因此答案是B。
39．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：科学家对冰人的推论是什么?原文在第四段。选项A"他的肩膀被箭头刺伤"是事实而非推论；选项B"有可能参与过战斗"是推论；选项C"头后部有伤口"是事实而非推论；选项D"皮肤上的小孔导致他的死亡"不符合事实。因此只能选B。
40．A[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考察题。第四段"bandits"是什么意思?选项A"强盗"：选项B"士兵"；选项C"猎人"；选项D"射击手"。因此只能选A。
参考译文
冰人1991年9月的一天，两位德国人正在攀登位于奥地利和意大利之间的山脉。他们在一个高处山口发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。冰在这样的高度(10499英尺或3200米)通常是常年不化的．但是1991年是特别暖和的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的更快，因此尸体才显露出来。
尸体面朝下躺着，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好，有残余的衣物。尸体双手仍然握着斧头的木柄。双脚穿着用皮革和布料做的靴子。在尸体附近有一双树皮做的手套和一个箭筒。
他是谁?在什么时候又是怎样死去的呢?人们的解释各异。有人认为他是本世纪的人，
有可能是二战时期阵亡的士兵，因为在这附近已经有士兵被发现了。一位瑞士妇女相信他是自己20年前在此去世的父亲，父亲的遗体一直没有被找到。赶去查看的科学家认为这一尸体可能更久远，它甚至有1000岁了。
科学家们运用现代数据技术很快获悉这一冰人已有大约5300岁了。他大约出生在公元前3300年，生活在欧洲的青铜器时代。起初科学家们认为他有可能在高山间打猎时发生意外而身亡。然而最近的一些证据却显示另有原因。新型的x光表明他的肩膀上仍有一个箭头，皮肤上只有一个小孔，但却导致内部损伤和失血。几乎可以确定他死于这个伤口，而不是脑后的伤口。这说明他有可能参与过战争。有可能是大型战争的一部分或者他曾和强盗博斗过，甚至他本人就可能是强盗。
通过研究他的衣服和工具，科学家们就已经获悉冰人生活的时代的很多内容。我们有可能永远无法知道他死亡的真相，但是他给我们提供了了解那个远古时代的重要线索。
第三篇
41．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：为什么巧克力对心脏和血液循环有益。原文是："巧克力中含有一种叫类黄酮的物质，它能维护心脏的健康并促进血液循环。"选项A"它可以减少痛苦和压力"；选项B"它含有一种叫做类黄酮的物质"；选项C"它在人体内释放内啡肽"；选项D"它能起到像阿司匹林一样的保护心脏的作用"。因此只能选B。
42．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：可可第一次作为什么被引入欧洲并迅速流行起来?原文是："1544年，一个玛雅贵族代表团觐见西班牙国王菲利普时送给他一罐可可作为礼物。"选项A"作为一种饮料"；选项B"作为礼物"；选项C"作为食品"；选项D"作为一种药"。因此只能选B。
43．D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：那件事是James Baker和John Hanan做的有关巧克力的事。原文是："1765年，James Baker和and J0hn Hanan在美国开办了第一个巧克力作坊，将巧克力介绍给了普通人。"选项B"将巧克力引入欧洲"；选项C"他们给巧克力棒加入糖"；选项D"他们使普通人也能吃到巧克力"；选项A"他们制造了第一块口味柔和的巧克力"。因此只能选D。
44．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：根据文章所述，如下哪个说法是不正确的? 原文是："研究者们警告虽然巧克力对我们有好处，但应该少量食用而且不应另加奶。"选项A "巧克力含有让人感到快乐的物质"；选项B"吃加糖的巧克力对身体有利"；选项c"偶尔吃巧克力对身体有益"；选项D"巧克力为全世界成百上千万的人们所喜爱"。因此只能选B。
45．C [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。原题是：作者对于吃巧克力的语气是什么样的?选项A"模棱两可的"；选项B"否定的"；选项C"肯定的"；选项D"幽默的"。从题目和文中总体内容可见，这篇文章说明吃巧克力的好处，虽然在后面提出吃巧克力时的注意事项但不影响作者肯定的语气，因此只能选C。
参考译文
科学家的"甜蜜发现''
巧克力迷们的好消息：据加州大学的研究者称深受全世界成千上万人喜爱的巧克力对健康很有好处，因为巧克力中合有一种叫类黄酮的物质，它能维护心脏的健康并促进血液循环。
研究者们还发现可可会像阿司匹林一样，会在体内释放内啡肽：这些化学物质可以有效缓解疼痛和压力，让你感到谕快。在大约公元前1500年，居住在墨西哥和中关洲的奥尔梅克人首次开始种植可可豆，并且在可可风靡欧洲之前玛雅人已经饮用无糖可可好几百年了。
1544年，一个玛雅贵族代表团觐见西班牙国王菲利普时送给他一罐可可作为礼物。很快，可可便在西班牙和葡萄牙流行起来，西班牙人最早在他们的可可饮料里加糖。
到了世纪中叶，固体可可开始为人们所熟知。1765年，James Baker和John Harian在美国开办了第一个巧克力作坊，将巧克力介绍给了普通人。1896年，瑞士的Daniel Peter想出了在巧克力制作过程中加牛奶的点子，并生产出了第一块牛奶巧克力。
从此，巧克力变得越来越受人们欢迎。巧克力的最大消费国之一是英国。那里的普通人，不论男女还是孩子每年都要吃9公斤的巧克力。实际上，巧克力是顶级的抚慰食品，并且英国是全世界巧克力迷最多的国家。研究者们警告虽然巧克力对我们有好处，但应该少量食用而且不应另加牛奶。
第5部分：补全短文
46．E [解析]He said tlmt t'tlis expression of feeling is universal ancl：recognizable by anyone from any culture．他说这种感情的表达普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。上一句列举了六种表情，而this正是指以上的感情的表达。
47．C [解析]Research has also been done t0 find out which areas of brain reacll the emotion-al expressions．人们做了研究以期发现大脑的哪个区域读取表情。该题考察上下文之间的意义关系,这与后文对于头脑阅读的内容从意义上讲是一脉相承的。
48．D [解析]They decicled that it was a mental state that COUld be prececled by"I feel"or "he looks"or"she souncls"．他们认定情感是一种心理状态，常以"我觉得""他认为""她听起来"开头，这与前文要定义"情感"和后文"按照这种界定方式"相符合。
49．F [解析]Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions SUCh as words would Jaavebeen far less effective．要展示412种表情，其他任何的方法远没有它有效。文章接下来给出了理由。
50．B [解析]These particular muscles are dimcult to control，an(1 feW people can do it．这些特殊的肌肉很难控制，少数人才能做到这一点。该句前面讲到面部肌肉的控制，因此，选B。
参考译文
我懂你的心你觉得难过，快乐，灰心，漫不经心，生气吗?你可能认为自己表达这些情感的方式是独一无二的。哦，再想想吧。即使是最为私密的个人感情也可分类。这周推出的Mindl Reacling(头脑阅读仪)，一种可以显示人类每一种可能的情绪的DVD。这种仪器准确地展示我们412种不同的表情，它是第一部可以感受人类内心活动的可视字典。
对于人类表情划分的尝试源自于达尔文1872年出版的《人和动物的情感与表达》。这本书中将人的表情划分为六种类型--愤怒、恐惧、悲伤、厌恶、惊喜和快乐。他表示这种感情的表达普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。其他不同的感觉被认为来自于达尔文的分类。更复杂的情感表达或许是后天习得的，因此在不同的文化中具有自己的特色。一个抱着怀疑或愤怒态度的太平洋上的岛民是无法传递给英国埃塞克斯郡的女孩她的感受的。
但是现在看来：尽管手势不能很好的跨越文化的界限，但比达尔文所说的六类情感更多的面部表情是为人类所共享的。人们做了研究以期发现大脑的哪个区域读取表情。头脑阅读是一种系统的视觉表情的记录。
该项目由剑桥大学自闭症研究中心的教授simon Baron-Collen构想，此中心对自闭症患者，即在阅读和表达情感方面有困难的人，进行一种辅助治疗。但是很快它有了很多更为广泛且显而易见的用途。小说家、演员和肖像画家都需要利用多种的情感表情，甚至老师们把它应用于教授个人和社会发展知识的课堂。
Baron-Colaen和他的研究小组首先定义了"情感"，他们认定情感是一种心理状态，常以"我觉得""他认为""她听起来"开头。他们用这种界定方式对1512种情感进行了界定，并呈交给一个评审团，由他们来决定每种情感是一个单独的感情还是都属于同类感情。最终，这个列表减少到412种表情，分成24类，从"害怕"到"希望"。
一旦这些情感被定义和归类，那么DVD似乎就成为最为快捷的展示情感的方式了。在头脑阅读中，每种表情都由6个不同的演员在3秒内表演出来。要展示412种表情，其他任何的方法远没有这样有效。原因很简单：我们很难用语言来形容感情，但是当它们出现在某人的脸部时我们会立刻辨认出来，"很明显，演员的表演是到位的。"DVD的导演凯西科利说到。"虽然给了他们一些指示，但并没有告诉演员他们应该动用面部的哪块肌肉。"科利斯女士补充说。这些特殊的肌肉难以控制，只有少数人才能做到这一点。例如，当有人感到不屑一顾时不能确定他们的眉毛总是向下撇。
美国人保罗·埃克曼教授试图建立这样的规则，他曾创建了一个描述表达每个情感时面部变化的数据库，人的脸部可以做出43种截然不同的叫做"行动单位"的肌肉运动。这些"行动单位"能组合成超过l o000种的可见的面部形态。埃克曼教授已经编写出面部肌肉的运动模式来代表每个情感。
第6部分：完形填空
51．c [解析]way方法；A．road；B．chennel；D．path。根据上下文可知"科研人员发现了一种可以从空气中水分获取饮用水的方法。"所以选C。
52．D [解析]sueh as；A．in spite of尽管；B．13ecause of因为；c．as a result of作为……结果。根据上下文可知"我们开发的这套工序完全基于诸如太阳能收集器和光生伏打电池的可再生能源"。所以选D。
53．D[解析]本题考查的是对非限定性定语从句的掌握，所以选D。
54．D [解析]still仍然；A．meanwhile同时；B．tIlerei]are因此；C．bpwever然而；根据上下文可知"这使得该方法在能量方面完全自主，即使会在没有电力基础设施的地方仍可起到作用。"所以选D。
55．B [解析]process过程；A．prospect前景；C．progress进步；D．product产品。根据上下文可知"这套工序的原理如下。"所以选B。
56．D[解析]本题考查的是短语SUCk into吸入，所以选D。
57．D [解析]lmats加热；A。keeps保持；B。brings带来；c．breaks打破。根据上下文可知"来自于太阳能收集器的能量将盐水加热，这样盐水就会稀释它所吸收的水。"所以选D。
58．D [解析]aI)sorbed吸收；A．attracted吸引；B．affecteted影响；c．allowecl允许，原文同上题。所以选D。
59．A [解析]normal正常的；B．different不同的；c．easy简单的；D．available可以获得的。根据上下文可知"在真空环境中，液体的沸点要比在正常大气压下的要低。"所以选A。
60．A [解析]conti．nuously不间断地；B．suoldenly 突然地；C．typically典型地；D．seri-ously 严重地。根据上下文可知"水柱的重力持续制造真空状态，所以不需要真空泵。"所以选A。
61．D [解析]runs原意为跑，但这里是流动的意思，run down是沿着……流动；A．takes 拿；c．flies飞；B．puts放置。根据上下文可知"二次被浓缩的盐水会涪着塔状物再次向下流去吸收空气中的水。"所以选D。
62．A [解析]users用户；使用者；A．owner 主人，拥有者；B．designers设计师；D．workers 工人。根据上下文可知"这一理念适用于各种各样的水的使用者。"所以选A。
63．A [解析]both(两者)都；因为这里是强调空气水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽机两个机器之间的作用效果，所以选A。
64．c [解析]tested 测试；A．repaired修理；B．cancelled取消；D．copied复制。根据上下文可知"科研人员已经在实验室范围内测试了它们的相互作用的效果。"所以选C。
65．B [解析]step步骤；A．instrument工具；C．case案例；D．ground 地面。根据上下文可知"在下一步的研究中，研究者们会开发出一套用于展示的设备。"所以选B。
参考译文
从空气湿气中获得饮用水
沙漠的地面非常干，以至于连植物的影子都没有。但空气中却含有水分。并且，科研人员发现了一种可以从空气的水分中获取饮用水的方法。这一系统完全基于可再生能源，因此是自主的。
崩裂声弥漫在干涸的沙地上，地面上的景象证明了这里水的缺乏。但即使在这样一个没有湖泊、河流、地表水的地方，大量的水就存储于空气中。例如，在以色列的内盖夫沙漠，年平均相对空气湿度是64％--每立方空气中含有11．5毫升的水。
德国科研人员发现了一种将空气中的水气自动转化为饮用水的方法。该研究小组的组长Siegfried Egner说："我们开发的这套工序完全基于诸如太阳热能收集器和光生伏打电池的可再生能源。这使得该方法在能量方面完全自主，即使在没有电力基础设施的地方仍可起到作用。"这套工序的原理如下：吸湿盐水--能够吸收湿气的盐水溶液--沿着一塔状结构容器下流时在空气中吸收水分。水被吸到地下几米深的一个真空水箱中。来自于太阳能收集器的能量将盐水加热，这样盐水就将会稀释它所吸收的水。
在真空环境中，液体的沸点要比在正常大气压下的要低。这一效果可以在山区了解到：由于山上的大气压比山谷的要低，因此水的沸点明显低于100摄氏度。这些蒸发了的、不是盐水的水被浓缩后沿着一支充满蒸汽的管子慢慢向下流。水柱的重力持续制造真空状态，所以不需要真空泵。经过再次浓缩的盐水会沿着塔状物再次向下流去吸收空气中的水分。
Egnerr说："这一理念适用于各类使用水的人群。单人房以及可以为整个宾馆供应水的工厂都成为可能。"这套系统的两个构件--空气水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽机的样机已经制造出来。科研人员也已经在实验室范围内测试了它们相互作用的效果。研究者们计划在下一步的研究中开发出一套用于展示的设备。
2009真题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?
A everlasting
B long
C temporary
D boring
2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.
A shaken
B damaged
C fallen
D jumped
3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.
A faithful
B royal
C genuine
D sincere
4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.
A attraction
B simplicity
C power
D rigor
5Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.
A mist
B fog
C mystery
D secret
6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation,
A annoyed
B troubled
C angered
D aroused
7Academic records cannot be duplicated.
A borrowed
B purchased
C rewritten
D copied
8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research
A fastened
B encouraged
C raised
D initiated
9We have ample money for the journey
A some
B little
C extra
D enough
10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me.
A patients
B miracles
C illness
D recovery
11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.
A monotonous
B endless
C serious
D bitter
12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment
A old
B unforgettable
C funny
D unfair
13 You didn't adhere to these principles.
A follow
B order
C prove
D handle
14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.
A empty
B hairless
C bare
D smooth
15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.
A expressions
B warnings
C instructions
D advertisements
31The "Youth Emancipation" program aims at helping young people
A fight for freedom.
B live in an independent way.
C fight against social injustice.
D get rid of family responsibilities.
32It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in
A Finland.
B Greece.
C Spain.
D Italy.
33Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT
A parents' tolerance.
B housing problems.
C cultural traditions.
D unwillingness to get married.
34Which of the following statements is ,NOT true of Dionisio Masso?
A She is 60 years old.
B She has a boyfriend.
C She has three children.
D She lives in Madrid.
35The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by
A tired of.
B afraid of.
C cautious about.
D worried about.
第二篇
2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.
A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare
职称英语考试综合B试题真题完整版 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
2016年职称英语综合B真题 第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk) of flooding. A. out of control B. between equals C. in particular D. in danger 2. The idea was quite (brillian)t. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original 3. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. fell C. increased D. maintained
4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty. A. stable B. suitable C. adaptable D. changeable 5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. confirmation C. disclosure D. recall 6. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal). A. careless B. strong C. cruel D. hard 7. The coastal has area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B. severe C. hard D.dry
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/215967947.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(代码22) 第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. The majority of people around here are decent. A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy 答案：D 2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official 答案：C 3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 答案：A 4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. calm 答案：B 5. Several windows had been smashed. A. cleaned
C. fixed D. broken 答案：D 6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results 答案：A 7. London quickly became a flourishing port. A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial 答案：C 8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. justice C. model D. act 答案：D 9. He led a very moral life. A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honourable 答案：D 好学教育2015年职称英语考试过关课程课件汇总：https://www.doczj.com/doc/215967947.html,/RhFad1W 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
2015年职称英语理工类B级考试真题 第一部分：词汇选项 1.The organization was bold enough to face the press. A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible 参考答案：C 2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate 参考答案：A 3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A.limit B.fear C.power D.fool 参考答案：B 4.Most people find rejection hard to accept. A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal 参考答案：D 5.She's extremely competent and industrious. A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent 参考答案：A 6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish 参考答案：C 7.He tried to assemble his thoughts. A.clear B.share C.gather D.spare 参考答案：C
8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation 参考答案：B 9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious 参考答案：B 10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A.poorer than B.narrower than https://www.doczj.com/doc/215967947.html,rger than D.richer than 参考答案：A 11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed 参考答案：C 12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A.coexisting B.fair C.full D.pubic 参考答案：A 13.They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking 参考答案：A 14.He said some harsh words about his brother. A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear 参考答案：A 15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A.amount
试卷一 I. Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed. A. matter B. things C. material D. substance 2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive 3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents. A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted 4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive 5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch. A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to 6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology. A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange 7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf 8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill. A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to 10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______. A. decisive B. decisions C. decide D. decided 11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying." A. simple B. simply C. similar D. simplify 12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits. A. Continuously B. Consequently C. Constantly D. Consistently 13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear. A. interpretation B. representation C. illustration D. draw 14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. A. scene B. scenery C. scarce D. scare 15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels. A. retreated B. refreshed C. recovered D. reminded 16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building. A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely 17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." A. feel B. fail C. defeat D. lost 18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy. A. went into B. went around C. went by D. went on 19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores. A. export B. bargain C. retail D. trade 20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet. A. preferable B. ready C. available D. considerable II. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. Put things back _______ you found them.
职称英语考试理工类B级考试试题(1)2 第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分） 阅读下面这篇短文。短文后列出了7个句子。请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息。请在答题卡上把A涂黑：如果该句提供的是错误信息。请在答题卡上把B涂黑：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及。请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 The Smog（烟雾） For over a month. Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country Suffered its worst drought for 50 years . Smoke form the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia.Singapore and Thailand When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars.it soon became poisonous （有毒的）。Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed f喘息）and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot （烟灰）covered everything.In some areas，water was hosed（用胶管浇）from high—rise city buildings to tIY and break up the smog.
2002年全国职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试试题及参考答案 第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The price of vegetables f1uctuates according to the weather. A jumps B rises C falls D changes 2 Did you do that to irritate her? A tease B attract C annoy D protect 3 Mary looked pale and weary． A ill B tired C worried D peaceful 4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水). A polluted B downgraded C mixed D blackened 5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive. A very boring B very thorough C very interesting D very touching 6 Alice is a fascinating girl. A a beautiful B a pretty C an attractive D a pleasant
7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. A displayed B shown C proved D assessed 8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. A offered B rented C provided D sold 9 She stood there，crying and trembling with fear． A shaking B staggering C struggling D murmuring 10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so. A ran B rolled C walked D raced 11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises． A argued B derived C permitted D come 12 I can no longer tolerate his actions． A putupwith B accept C take D suffer from 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. A ask B persuade C assign D order 14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage. A extensive B negative
职称英语等级考试试题-综合A6 第三篇Play Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5. They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move
2011年真题： 第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.His shoes were shined to perfection. A. cleared B. polished C. washed D. Mended 2.She can be relied on in A. looked after C. turned on B.believedin D.depended on 3.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. A. admitted B. reported C. hoped D. answered 4.The test produced disappointing results. A. unsatisfactory B. indirect C. similar D. positive 5.My doctor said I should vary my diet more A, change B. prepare C. cook D. choose 6.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge. A. hard C. short B. good D. long 7. The book took ten years of thorough research A. basic B. careful. C, social D. major 8. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. A. effor B. problem C. influence D. Concern 9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to London A. Certainly B. Luckily C. Naturally D. Finally 10.The love of money is the root of'all evil A. result B. end C. cause D. Force 11.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference A. offered B. investigated
2019年职称英语考试理工类：补全短文 One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______（1）_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______（2）________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press （AP） and United Press International （UPI）。 You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______（3）______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______（4）______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________（5）_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs
2012年职称英语试题综合类（B级）试卷及答案 第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. We need to extract the relevant flnancial data. A. store B. obtain C. save D. review 2. His shoes were shined to perfection. A. cleared B. polished C. washed D. mended 3. She always finds fault with everything. . A. simplifies B. evaluates C. criticizes D. Examines 4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to do A. doubting B. thinking C. saying D. Knowing 5. They converted the spare bedroom into an office. A. reduced B. moved C. reformed D. turned. 6. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year A. held B. increased C. expected D. offered 7. We have to act within the existing legal framework A. limit C. status B. procedure D. system 8. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours A. spend C. stand B. take D. last 9. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened A. give B. attach C. understand D. lose 10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A. general C. strong B. traditional