天津外国语大学国际商学院
本科生课程论文（设计）
题目：The components of marketing management 姓名：张瑞桐
学号：1307714011
专业：旅游管理
年级：2013级
班级：13715
任课教师：潘康宇
20 15 年 5 月
Content summary
Every marketing program contains four key components:products and services,promotion,pricing and
distribution.Based on this classification is dividedinto two parts, the first part willrevi ew the marketing, the second part was split into four parts,respectively,
an in-depth analysis of the four elements.
Key words：Marketing program；key components； Analysis
The components of marketing management
一、marketing concept
Sales management refers to the achievement of corporate or organizational goals, establishing and maintaining mutually beneficial exchange with the target market, and design projects in the analysis, planning, implementation and control. The essence of marketing management, demand management, that is, on the level, timing, and nature of demand for effective mediation. Marketing management practice, companies often need to preset a desired level of market demand, however, the actual level of market demand and the expected level of demand is not the same. This requires marketing managers for different needs, different management strategies and effectively to market requirements to ensure the achievement of business objectives.
二、the key components
（一）products and services
Product is an important component of market. Marketers define a product as a bu ndle of physical, service and symbolic attributes designed to satisfy customer’s wants and needs. While goods are tangible products that customers can see, hear, smell and t aste or touch. Most service providers can not transport or store their products, custom ers simultaneously buy and consume consume products like haircut, car repair and vis it to a dentist. Services are intangible tasks that satisfy the needs of customers. One w ay to distinguish service and goods is the service-goods continuum that can help mark eters to visualize the differences and similarities between goods and services. Besides, there are several characteristics that distinguish goods from services: tangibility, Inse parability, Perishability, Difficulty of standardization, Frequent requirement of interact ion between buyer and Seller, Variability.
（二）promotion
Promotion is also defined as one of five pieces in the promotional mix or promotional plan. These are personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, and publicity. A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the five factors, and how much money to budget for each.
Because of the development of science and technology, people are getting more a nd more ways to communicate. It provides a great platform for selling produces or ser vices. People know sell- things’information through some ways, such as internet, pho ne calling, advertising, following up a letter with a visit, setting up shops and so on.
（三）pricing
Pricing is a science, strategy and tactics of pricing requires certain, from pricing objective, pricing means to achieve marketing objectives. Pricing is not only a science, and the need for a set of strategies and tactics. Pricing methods focus on the product's base price, pricing tips and strategies focus on the specific circumstances of the market, starting from the pricing objectives, using price means, to adapt them to the different situations of the market and achieve marketing goals. Product pricing is an important element of marketing mix strategy, from wave after wave of price wars of recent years can be seen in the enterprise, the consumer's attention and concern of it.
Under the conditions of market economy, the prices of most products have been liberalized, but the price is not a casual working, it must take into account the competitive environment, product cost, the impact of such factors as supply and demand and pricing objectives. In fact, pricing is a result of these factors.
There are three basic methods of pricing: cost-oriented pricing, demand-oriented and competitive pricing. Different enterprises shall, as the case may determine which method you take and what kind of calculation type.
（四）distribution
Design refers to the establishment of distribution channels distribution channels that have never existed or to change the already existing channels of marketing activities. Design channels typically include analysis services output level, determine goals, defining channel structure and evaluation of main channel programmes in four aspects.
Distribution channel constituted by the five processes, namely ownership entity processes, processes, payment processes, information flow and the promotion process.
Entity process refers to the entity transfer of raw materials and finished products from the manufacturer to the end customer processes. Process refers to the ownership title to the goods from a marketing agency to another marketing agency of the transfer process. Payment process refers to the purchase price in the flow of the intermediary in the marketing process. Information flow refers to the marketing channels, the intermediary in the marketing process to pass information to each other. Promotion process is defined by using a flat advertising, personal selling, public relations, promotions and other activities exert influence over another unit in the process.
YA: Year Ago/去年同期 PP: Previous Period/上期 CHG: Change/变化 MKT: Market/市场 PROD: Product/产品 VAL: Value/销售额 VOL: Volume/销售量 NUM: Numeric/数值 WTD: Weighted/加权 DIST: Distribution/铺货率 S.P.P.D.: Sales Per Point of Distribution /每点销售额OOS: Out of Stock/缺货 DIFF: Difference/变化 PUR: Purchase/进货 AVE: Average/平均数 OPP: Opportunity/机会 SHR: Share/份额 IMPT: Importance/重要性 MAT: Moving Annual Total /滚动年度 YTD: Year-To-Date /截至当期的本年累计
VALUE (Million)销售额(百万) VALUE YA去年同期销售额 VALUE PP上期销售额 VALUE % CHG YA当期销售额较去年同期销售额的变化 VALUE % CHG PP当期销售额较上期销售额的变化 VALUE % SHARE某销售额占总销售额的份额 VALUE % SHARE YA去年同期某销售额占总销售额的份额 VALUE % SHARE PP上期某销售额占总销售额的份额 /- VALUE % SHARE YA当期销售额份额与去年同期销售额份额之差 /- VALUE % SAHRE PP当期销售额份额与上期销售额份额之差 VALUE % SHR OF TRADE细分市场的重要性(销售额比重) VALUE % SHR OF TRADE YA? 去年同期细分市场的重要性(销售额比重) VALUE % SHR OF TRADE PP上期细分市场的重要性(销售额比重) /- VALUE % SHARE OF TRADE当期细分市场的重要性较去年同期细分市场的重要性(销售额比重)之差 VAL 100% MKT 100% MKT销售额 VAL INDEX销售额指数 VOLUME (Million) 销售量(百万) VOLUME YA去年销售量 VOLUME PP上期销售量 VOLUME % CHG YA 当期销售量较去年同期销售量的变化
《英语语言文学》专业硕士研究生培养方案 一级学科中文名称：外国语言文学 （0502） 一级学科英文名称：Foreign Languages and Literature 二级学科中文名称：英语语言文学 （050211） 二级学科英文名称：English Language and Literature 一、培养目标 “英语语言文学”专业培养的硕士学位研究生应当坚持德、智、体全面发展，达到以下要求： 1. 热爱祖国，热爱社会主义，拥护中国共产党的领导，具有坚定正确的政治方向和良好的道德品质，自觉遵纪守法。 2. 具有扎实的英语语言、文学及文化等专业理论基础，系统的专业知识和较强的实践能力。毕业后能够胜任本专业的教学、科研工作及其它涉外工作。 3. 全面系统地掌握专业基本理论和方法，熟悉本专业的前沿动态和发展，具有独立从事科研的能力。 二、学科、专业及研究方向简介 “英语语言文学”专业旨在提高研究生的文学理论水平和语言水平，为文研打下坚实的基础，不断积累文评知识，探索英美文学史发展的轨迹，认清主要的英美文学流派的基本特点，让学生在掌握有关英语语言和英美文学基础理论的同时也通晓英语国家的文化背景和社会概况。本学科现有三个主要的研究方向：英语语言研究方向、语言与文化研究方向和英语文学研究方向。 1. 英语语言研究方向：本研究方向重点是对当代英语语言和对作为语言底蕴的异文化的研究，试图在继承英美语言研究遗产的基础上，把语言研究放到语言所赖以生存的文化环境
中，将其加宽加深，使之向全方位和边缘学科发展。按这种模式培养出来的学生人文知识丰富，研究思路开阔，研究内容的时代感强，能在以后的工作中表现出很强的适应能力和研究潜力，也将有更深厚的从事语言研究的基础，并具备文科相关领域研究的条件。 2. 语言与文化研究方向：本方向所开设的课程特别重视文学背景的研究，包括人文、社会和历史背景，关注异文化人的思维模式和价值观念，提倡学生从多视角去研究文学和理解文学内涵，使本方向有更宽广的发展空间，也可以提高学生的研究兴趣。 3. 英语文学研究方向：本研究方向兼顾传统和现代文学批评理论，突出文艺批评观的开放性，重视比较研究，在教学和研究思路上有意识地兼容并蓄，形成一个自由、活跃的研究氛围。本方向所包含的研究范畴力求突出以下特点：（1）开设英语文学常规课程和专门类课程仍然是英语文学方向必不可少的也是不可替代的教学内容，这是确立该方向的主干要素。（2） 进一步拓展传统的文学范畴，开辟商业文学和交际文学的教学和研究领域，使文学的教学和研究更趋实用性。 三、培养方式及学习年限 按照《河南科技大学关于硕士研究生培养工作的规定》（河科大研[2006]5号文件）中的有关规定执行。采用导师负责制；课程学习和论文工作并重。学习年限为3年。 四、选课与学分要求 本专业研究生课程分学位课程和非学位课程，非学位课程包括必修课程和选修课程。课程学习的最低要求为29学分，其中学位课程至少17 学分（学位课=二外+政治+专业学位课+教学实践），非学位课程中必修课程12学分。本学科的主要课程设置与学分见附表。 五、学位论文工作要求 1．论文选题
《国际营销》期末论文 班级：Z0902 姓名：于涛学号：09 The Role of Government Abstract: The purpose of the passage is to describe the role of government in the market. Key words: Government market role develop The word’s markets are overseen by governments. Ideally, those governments set polices based on what they believe will serve the greatest number of their people to the greatest extent. The maintenance of nation borders is the single most important element that separates international trade from domestic trade. While consumers and producers make most decisions that mold the economy, government activities have a powerful effect on the market. Incubate special research, business and development, such as small businesses, space research, job training, unemployment insurance and more. Perhaps most importantly, the federal government guides the overall pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and price stability. It can slow down or speed up the economy's rate of growth -- in the process, affecting the level of prices and employment. It is supposed to create and administer laws which are fair and equitable. Imagine any team sport without rules or referees. Experience has shown that neither the teams nor the fans find this acceptable. Without an independent referee disputes in a game could not be resolved. Most fans and teams are willing to put up with the occasional bad call rather than no calls at all. The same thing applies in government. Lately there has been a great deal of discussion about the power of the free market to regulate itself or the "invisible hand" to sort things out. Hundreds of years of experience had shown this not to work. Time and again markets have become unstable, either with bubbles such as the famous tulip mania or the "South Sea Island" bubble, or have become overly concentrated such as the standard oil trust. This leads inefficiency, since prices are distorted and resources are diverted from innovation and expansion of socially useful tasks. Without a referee the situation eventually fails anyway, but later and with more social damage than a well regulated society would provide. Modern society is going to continue to have government perform all functions. These have developed because there was a need, and because they worked more often than they failed. Progress will be made when the critics stop trying to turn the clock back to an imaginary past and devote their energies to optimizing what we have. "Liberals" can also do their part by focusing the discussion on the roles listed above and proposing improvements targeted to each sector. In fact, government plans important roles in the market. Government can protect and regulate the sustainable use of natural resources. Enforce and regulate fair and responsible business practices. Included in this is monitoring monetary policy, giving consumer protection and regulating banking practices. Determine and enforce civil laws of property and conduct. This includes the freedoms of the press, religion and rights of property. Provide public goods and services for the well-being of the community as a whole, such as infrastructure, vaccination programs, disaster relief, fireworks shows, public parks, basic healthcare, subsidized housing,
市场营销专业英语词汇表 需要:need 欲望want 需求:demand 产品:product 关系营销:relationship marketing 营销网:marketing network 生产观念:the production concept 产品观念:the product concept 相关群体:reference group 购买者角色:buying role 购买行为:buying behavior 认知需求:problem recognition 搜集信息:information search 组织者市场:orqanization market 派生需求:derived demand 缺乏弹性:inelastic demand 品牌策略:brand strategy 制造商品牌:manufactures brand 定价策略:pricing strategie 现金折扣:cash discount 数量折扣:quantity discount 功能折扣:functional discount 季节折扣:seasonal discount 新产品定价:new product pricing 产品组合定价:product-mix pricing 分销渠道:distribution channel 密集分销渠道:intensive distribution 选择性分销:selective distribution 独家分销:exclusive distribution 中间商品牌:intermediaries brand 批发商:whoksaler 零售商:retailer 百货公司:department store 超市:supermarket 便利店:convenience store 折扣店:discount store 促销组合:promotion mix 交流信息:communicating information 人员销售:personalo selling 广告策略advertising strateqie 公共关系public relation 营销调研:marketing research 产品策略:product strategie 产品组合:product mix 营销观念:the marketing concept 消费者市场consumer market 顾客满意:customer satisfaction 顾客总价值:total customer value 顾客总成本:total customer value 营销环境:marketing environment 营销信息系统:marketing information syste 市场细分策略:market segmentation startegie 目标市场策略:market tageting strategie 市场定位策略market positioning strategie 产品市场寿命周期;the product life cycle 销售观念:the selling/sales concept 社会营销观念:the societal marketing concept 宏观营销环境:macro-marketing environment 消费者行为模式:model of consumer behavior 价值,成本和满意:value,cost,andsatisfaction 交换和交易exchange and transaction 营销者和预期顾客:marketers and prospect 市场营销观念:marketing management philosophy
英语语言文学专业博士学位研究生培养方案 （专业代码：050201） 一、培养目标 培养能胜任高等院校和科研机构教学与研究的高层次英语语言文学专门人才。具体要求是：1．具有良好的道德品质和强烈的事业心，立志为祖国的外语教育事业服务，为对外开放和国际文化交流服务。 2．掌握语言学或英美文学教学与研究方面的基础理论、系统知识及科学研究方法，有较强的独立研究能力和创新能力。 二、研究方向 1．语用学 2．功能与认知语言学 3．英美文学与西方文论 三、修业年限 博士生修业年限为3-6年，最低修业年限为3年。生源为3年制硕士生的全日制博士生基本修业年限为3年；非全日制博士生或生源为2年制硕士生的博士生基本修业年限为4年；硕博连读研究生基本修业年限为5年。修完全部课程，达到答辩要求者，经指导小组审核同意后，可申请提前答辩，申请提前毕业的博士生修业年限不得少于3年。 四、培养方式 1．根据《东北师范大学关于建立实施博士学位研究生指导小组制度的规定》，采取博士生指导小组集体指导下的导师责任制的培养方式。导师是博士研究生培养的第一责任人，博士生指导小组成员协助指导，充分发挥博士生指导小组集体培养的作用。根据英语语言文学学科的特点成立两个博士研究生指导小组（语言学方向指导小组、英美文学方向指导小组）；每组由3-5人构成。 2．博士生培养以专题研究为主，课程学习为辅, 实行导师指定必读书目，导师联合分专题分段授课及聘请国内外专家来院授课等方式。 3．博士生入学1—2个月内，在导师的指导下制定个人研究和学习计划，确定研究方向和领域，并由博士生指导小组审查通过后报学院备案。 4．实施资格考试制度。博士生在修满规定学分后，由指导小组进行一次综合考核，考核内
Marketing Management营销管理 New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告 Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道 Public Relationship公共关系 Consumer Behavior消费者行为 Systems of Management Information管理信息系统 Marketing Research营销调研accessibility 可进入性 accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位 additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加 administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直营销系统 market segmentation市场细分 sales promotion销售促进 advertising feedback 广告反馈 advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体 advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息 advertising source 广告信息来源 agent middleman 代理商 allowance 折让 alteration 退换 American Marketing Association 美国营销协会 annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证 attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度 baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道 backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告 bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易 basic physical needs 基本生理需要 BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵 before tests 事前测试 Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司 behavioral analysis 行为分析 behavioral hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准 benefit clusters 利益群体 benefits 利益 Benz 奔驰 billing 帐单 birth rate 出生率 blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试 blue collars 蓝领 bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线 brand awareness 品牌意识/认知 brand extensions 品牌扩展 brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度 brand mark 品牌标志 brand name 品牌名称 brand positioning 品牌定位 brand recognition 品牌识别 brand strategies 品牌战略 brand 品牌 branding strategy 品牌化战略 branding 品牌化 brand's equity 品牌的价值 break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析 break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量 breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性 bribery 贿赂 British Airways 英国航空公司 brokers 经纪人 budgeting 预算 bundle 捆绑 Bureau of Census 人口统计局 business strength rating 商业能力评分
Chapter 01 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing True / False Questions 1. Global commerce thrives during peacetime. TRUE (p. 4)st century is "expect the unexpected." TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 3. (p. 5) Today, every American business is international. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 4. (p. 5) One event that will influence the shape of international business as the future unfolds is the rapid growth of the World Trade Organization, NAFTA, and the European Union. TRUE 5. (p. 5) One event that will influence the shape of international business as the future unfolds is the unprecedented acceptance of communism and socialism in Latin America. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 6. (p. 5) A trend that will impact international business in the future is a mandate to properly manage the resources and global environment. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 7. (p. 5) Today, most business activities are local or regional in scope. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Knowledge 8. (p. 6, Crossing Borders 1.1) What do French farmers, Chinese fishermen, and Russian hackers have in common--they can all receive subsidy payments from the U.S. government. FALSE
英语语言文学专业深度分析 一、学科概况 英语语言文学是外国语言文学下属的一个二级学科。英语是联合国工作语言之一，是世界上最通用的语言，也是我国学习人数最多的外语语种。英语语言文学是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。 英语语言学的发展趋势体现了语言学的发展趋势，具体表现为以下特点：由纯描写性研究转向以解释为目的的研究，由侧重英语本身特点的孤立研究转为侧重语言普遍性的比较研究，由侧重语言形式的研究转为形式和语义并重的研究，由对语言结构的研究扩展到对语言的习得、功能和应用的研究，由对英语的语音、词汇、语法、历史、方言等传统领域的研究发展到对英语的各个方面及相关领域的全面研究。目前英语语言学的主要分支学科包括音位学、形态学、句法学、文体学、历史语言学；语言学的其他主要分支学科，如语义学、语用学、话语分析、篇章语言学应用语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学等，也主要基于对英语的研究。 二、培养目标 应具有坚实的英语语言文学的基础理论和系统的专业知识，了解本学科的当前状况和发展趋势；具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究工作的能力，学位论文应有新的见解；熟练掌握所学语言，第二外国语应具有一定的口、笔语能力及阅读与本专业有关书刊的能力；能熟练运用计算机和互联网络进行科研工作。 三、研究方向 研究范围包括语言学，文学，社会文化，翻译理论和实践等。 各个招生单位具体研究方向略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 01英国文学 02美国文学 03西方文论 04西方文化研究 05中西文学比较研究 四、考试科目 各个招生单位考试科目略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 ①101思想政治理论 ②242二外日语或243二外法语或244二外德语 ③722基础英语 ④824英美文学 五、课程设置 基础理论课: a．普通语言学：语言的本质、结构、功能、语言研究的对象、目的、方法，主要学派及其理论； b．西方文艺理论：从柏拉图到20世纪的西方文论； c．世界文学：东西方文学发展史及流派；
国际市场营销英语From Jump to: navigation, search Accordion Insert 加上手风琴样稿 Ad Copy Advertising Allowance广告津贴 Advertising Budget广告预算 Advertising Elasticity广告弹性 Advertising Plan广告计划 Advertising Research广告调研 Ad Specialty广告专业 Agency Commission 广告佣金 Affiliate 关联 Affiliate Marketing 关联营销 Affiliate Directory关联目录 Affiliate Network关联网络 B Banner Ad 旗帜广告 Brand 品牌 Brand Identity 品牌标识 Brand Image 品牌形象 Brand Manager品牌经理 Business-to-Business Advertising B2B广告
C Caption 标头 Channel Distribution渠道分销 Circulation 发行 Classified Advertising 分类广告Comparative Advertising 比较广告Competition-Oriented Pricing竞争导向型定价Copyright 版权 Cost Efficiency 高性价比 Cost Per Inquiry 询盘成本 Cost Per Rating Point (CPP) Cost Per Thousand (CPM) Counter Advertising Creative Strategy Creatives D DAGMAR Day-After Recall Test Deceptive Advertising Demographics Direct Mail 直邮 Direct Marketing 直销 Direct Response E
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理 New Products Development新产品开发 Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告 Business Negotiation商业谈判 International Marketing国际市场营销 Sales Channels销售渠道 Public Relationship公共关系 Consumer Behavior消费者行为 Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研 accessibility 可进入性 accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位 market segmentation市场细分 sales promotion销售促进 advertising feedback 广告反馈 advertising frequency 广告频率 advertising media 广告媒体 advertising reach 广告接受人数 advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源 agent middleman 代理商 allowance 折让 alteration 退换 American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证 attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力 awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度 baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人 backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化 banner advertisements 横幅标语广告 bar codes 条形码 barter 实物交易 basic physical needs 基本生理需要 BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试 Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司 behavioural analysis 行为分析 behavioural hierarchies 行为层级
Introduction This paper focuses on the combination of marketing, marketing mix and the impact of demand and supply and demand, through the analysis of Haier I want to learn more about what is corporate marketing mix, and by 4p + np Haier get what benefits Haier is the largest brand in the world of home appliances, which was founded in 1984 in the city of Qingdao, the current Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer of the Group Zhang Rui Min, Haier is the main founder. At present, Haier has established 21 industrial zones across the world, and five centers of R & D, 19 overseas trading companies, and employs more than 80,000 people around the world. 2011, Haier Group achieved a global turnover of 150.9 billion yuan, the brand value of 96.28 billion yuan, 11TH year in a row a list of the most valuable brands in China. Haier Group, the desirable 164 elementary school and with the help of High School hopes to produce 212 sets of Sciences cartoon "Haier Brothers", which is part of the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, sponsors the only white in the world. Haier to create its own brand in the country, local, and increase the Haier brand significantly reputation all over the world.
英语语言文学专业毕业论文题目大全 1 The Instructive Meaning of Inter-language Pragmatics for foreign Language Teaching 2 Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching 3 Fuzzy Words and Their Uses in Human Communication 4 Ambiguity and Puns in English 5 Some basic consideration of style 6 English by Newspaper 7 English Personal Pronouns: a Preliminary Textual Analysis 8 Thematic Network and Text Types 9 An Inquiry into Speech Act Theory 10 On Lexical Cohesion in Expository Writing 11 The Inferences of Conversational Implications 12 Context and Meaning 13 The Construction and Interpretation of Cohesion in Texts 14 The Instructive Meaning of Inter-language Pragmatics for foreign Language Teaching
15 Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching 16 The Importance of Cultural Authenticity in Teaching Materials 17 Micro-teaching and Student Teacher Training 18 How to Evaluate the Teacher Performance - A Case Study 19 English Test Design 20 The Interference of Native Language in English Writing or Translation 21 Translation Methods and English Teaching 22 Importance of Meaning Group in Translation 23 Language and Culture 24 Sexism in English Language 25 Cultural Differences of English and Chinese 27 Loanwords in English 28 Brand Names and Their Characteristics 30 Vagueness of the English Language 31 Characteristics of Humor 32 An Analysis of Language Features
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表 Marketing Management营销管理 New Products Development新产品开发 Service Industry Marketing服务业营销 Advertising广告 Business Negotiation商业谈判 International Marketing国际市场营销 Sales Channels销售渠道 Public Relationship公共关系 Consumer Behavior消费者行为 Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研 accessibility 可进入性 accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位 market segmentation市场细分 sales promotion销售促进 advertising feedback 广告反馈 advertising frequency 广告频率 advertising media 广告媒体 advertising reach 广告接受人数 advertising message 广告信息 advertising source 广告信息来源 agent middleman 代理商 allowance 折让 alteration 退换 American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划 assurance 保证 attitudes of consumers 消费者态度 availability 可获得性/供货能力 awareness (产品)知晓度/知名度 baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人 backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化 banner advertisements 横幅标语广告 bar codes 条形码 barter 实物交易 basic physical needs 基本生理需要 BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵 before tests 事前测试 Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc、行为扫描信息源公司 behavioural analysis 行为分析 behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准 benefit clusters 利益群体 benefits 利益 Benz 奔驰 billing 帐单 birth rate 出生率 blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同 blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领 bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线 brand awareness 品牌意识/认知 brand extensions 品牌扩展 brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度 brand mark 品牌标志 brand name 品牌名称 brand positioning 品牌定位 brand recognition 品牌识别 brand strategies 品牌战略 brand 品牌 branding strategy 品牌化战略 branding 品牌化 brand's equity 品牌的价值 break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析 break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量 breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度bribery 贿赂 British Airways 英国航空公司 brokers 经纪人 budgeting 预算 bundle 捆绑 Bureau of Census 人口统计局 business strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划 business position 经营地位 business sector 商业部门 business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略 business unit strategy 经营单位战略 buyback allowances 回购折让 buyback arrangements 产品返销 buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者 buying behavior 购买行为 buying center 采购中心 buying inertia 购买惯性 buying intention 购买意图 buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心