定语从句
思维导图
易考易错点总结
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1．考查如何正确选择关系词
解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。
2．考查whose的用法
whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which＝of which＋名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.
3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。
如：(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句) (2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)
此外，“介词＋which＋名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。
如：He was very ill, in which case(＝and in this case) we sent him to hospital first. 6．考查一些特殊的先行词
(1)当situation, point, position, case, activity, scene, job, race, stage, degree 及period, festival, occasion（场合/时机）等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which；作状语时，用关系副词where，when 或“介词＋which”。
(2) the way 做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用in which/that/省略；当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用which/that。
7．考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别
(1)It was this small village where we got to know each other.(定语从句)
(2)It was in this small village that we got to know each other.(强调句)
(3)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句)
导入：
. She is a beautiful girl.
She is a girl who is beautiful .
（一）定语从句定义
1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个____或_____的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，
2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。
3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系代词的种类：
关系代词____,______,______,_______,_______,______
关系副词： _____, where, why
4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分类
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 man who gave me this book is Tom .(________)
,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (_____________)
（三）关系代词
先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
1. who指人，在定语从句中作_____语，口语中可做_____语；that 也可指人，但多用who. . The man _____ is sitting under the tree is a German .
The students ______ speaks German best comes from China .
The man ________you want to see is here .
2. Whom指_____，在句中做____，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.
关系代词前有介词时不能省略。
. The man (_____) you look for has left .
I know the girl (_______) the teacher is speaking to .
I know the girl to ________ the teacher is speaking .
3. whose, 作定语，可指人或物=the +n +of which=of which the +n
. Everyone heplps the child _____parents are dead.
They are the lazy students ____homework wasn’t handed in .
针对练习
2011全国卷I)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
2011四川卷）The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.
A. which
B. whose
C. when
D. where
3.〖10山东〗That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. What
4.〖10陕西〗The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. whose
5.〖10北京〗Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
6.〖10重庆〗In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where
B. which
C. whose
D. that
指___或______，多指物，作_____语（不能省略）或_____语（可省略）
. He is the finest comrade_____ has helped us .
This is a plant _______ grows in the north .
5. which ,指_____，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。
. This is a plant _______ grows in the north .
常用that不用which的情况
只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。
1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。
歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。
Pay attention to everything _____ I do.
2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。
歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which.
This is the best novel (______) have read.
3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。
歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.
They were talking about the person and things ______they remembered in school.
4.当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等等修饰时。
This is the last time ______I shall give you a lesson.
5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。
Which of the students ______ knows something about history.
6. 当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，只用that。
He has little time ______ he can spare.
7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.
I’ve got one______ you might be interested in.
（3）用which，不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句。
. Football, ______is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。
②直接放在介词后作宾语时。
Language is the most important tool without ______ people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。
2011上海卷) You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire
to reach your host family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as
2011山东卷）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built
close to each other.
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that
2011福建卷）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____
allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
4.〖10湖南〗I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school
I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
5.〖10全国Ⅱ〗I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
（四）关系副词
指时间 = in / at / on / during + which；
（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when
. He still remember the day ______ he joined the army .做主语
I’ll never forget the time ______/______ we worked on the farm.作状语
I still remember the day ______/______ is his birthay.做主语
He regretted the days ______/______ he spent on play . 做宾语He rememberes the days______ he spent much money on stories .
(2) It is the first time that …句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。
. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .
指地点 = in / at / from + which；
（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。
. I know the factory______/______ I worked twenty years ago .
(2) 指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .
. This is the house _____/_____ he has lived for 20 years .
This is the house ______ he has lived in for 20 years .
. This is the shool _____/_____ we study every year.
This is the shool _____/_____ we visited yesterday.
注：有时when ,where 相当于“介词+which ”.
. He left the room _____/_____ he lived last year.
(3) 当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词
注意；抽象地点名词
. I can think of many cases______ drivers know traffic r ules but don’t follow them.
We have reached a point ______a change is needed.
They have reached the point ______they have to separate with each other.
Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A which
B that
C /
D where
指原因 = for which
“the reason why ….that…. ”中，不能用because 代替that .
. That’s the reason_____/_____ he didn’t come to school .
The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting is that he was ill .
但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,课省略
. I don’t be lieve the reason _____/_____ he gave me .
关系副词针对性练习
2011江苏卷）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔; 幕
间, 休息时间; 距离）, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
2011安徽卷）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it
will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. while
2011浙江卷） A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather
and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. there
2011福建卷）It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton
walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when C．since D．berore
2011陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we
enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. that
6.〖10福建〗Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose
7.〖10江西〗The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with
her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where
B who
C which
D what
8.〖10天津〗-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
9.〖09上海〗Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now。
A. where
B. when
C. there
D. which
10.〖09四川〗She’ll never forget her stay there _ __ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
11.〖09福建〗It’s helpful to put children in a s ituation they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
12.〖09浙江〗I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
13.〖09重庆〗Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why
B. what
C. that
D. where
14.〖09北京〗—What do you think of teacher, Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that （五）．“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语东西如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：
一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，
二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，
三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定，例如：
介词+ 关系代词针对性练习
1.〖10山东〗Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the
near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which
2.〖09陕西〗Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
3.〖09江西〗The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an
office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
4.〖10浙江〗The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their
village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom
B. which
C. them
D. those
5.〖08福建〗By nine o’clock, all the Olympic tor ch bearers had reached the top
of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.
which which which which
6.〖08四川〗For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.
which which which which
（六）.非限定性定语从句
1.关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。
指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。
. He didn’t see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)
（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句
A such ….as 和the same…as 的用法
such ….as：像….一样的，像…..之类；
the sam e…as：和…..同样的
在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。
Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.
（在从句中作宾语）
The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)重点比较
the same …as…和the same …that…
the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；
the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）
两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。
Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.
He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔) This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）
B ….such as …的用法
….such as …中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。
Eg： This book is not such as I expect.
He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.
I have not many, but I will send you such as I have.
相关链接：
such as 还有“诸如，例如，像…那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。
Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.
（八）as 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：
As we know As has been said before 如上所述
As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样
As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样
Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
重点比较
as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别
as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。
Eg：He didn’t tell me any news, as/which upset me.
Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.
As与that的区别
As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。
. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。
（九）.同位语从句与定语从句区别：
1.同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显
区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相
当于名词的作用）。That 引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充
当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句
则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于
一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引
导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省
略）注意体会一下三组例句.
（1）第一组
①We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我们解
决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
②I can’t reme mber the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。
（2）第二组
①I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母
亲撒谎的事实
②I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。
（3）第三组
①The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲
的。
②The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我
的消息是汤姆来年将出国。
例题：
1.News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing
University.
A which
B what
C that
D where
2.Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ______ the party is to be
held ?
A what
B which
C that
D where
3. There is much chance _____ Bill recover from his injury in time for the race .
A that
B which
C until
D if
4. –Is there any possiblility _______ you could pick me up at the airport ?
--- No problem.
A when
B that
C whether
D what
5. Doris’s success lies in the fact _____ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.
A which
B that
C when
D why
（十.）定语从句中的主谓一致问题
,who am your friend, will help you.
The student who is playing basketball is my classmate.
The only one
The one of + c/n pl. 定从 + 单三
One of + c/n pl. 定从+ 复数
He is the only one of the students who works hard.
He is one of the students who work hard.
(十一) 分隔式定语从句---- 找准先行词
Days are gone_____ we could swim in the clever river near our house.
There is a man outside the door _____ wants to see you.
(十二) 关系代词与人称代词
的转换。
He has three sons, all of whom are doctors.
and all of them are doctors.
He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.
and that/ it made his mother angry.
有并列连词 and, but, so 选人称代词，无并列连词选关系代词
（十三）定从与what引导的名词性从句的转换
Please tell me everything that/ 空格 you know ︿
宾语
Please tell me
Please tell me
（十四）先行词+关系词=what
He is no longer what he used to be.
He is no longer the man that he used to be
(十五) 定语从句与地点状语从句
Please put the book
Please put the book in the place where you can find it easily.
In which
(十六) 定语从句与强调句
It is + 名词 that （which）定从
It is + 介词+名词 that 从句（强调句）
. that he was born in
which ….. 定语从句
It is the place in which
Where he was born
It is in the place that he was born. 强调句
（十七）当先行词是way，表示方式方法时，引导词可用in which，that ，that可省略。 This is the way in which
that I study Enghish.
I don’t like the way that/ in which / 空格 you treat her.
Which/ that/ 空格 you told me .
高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
T e a c h i n g D e s i g n Grammar — The Attributive Clause (I) (who, whom, which, that, whose) 淅川二高贾丽君 I. Teaching aims: 1. Help students understand what the Attributive Clause is and its function. 2. Enable students to use relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that, whose) in the Attributive Clause properly. 3. Encourage students to express their love to fathers using the Attributive Clause. II. Teaching important and difficult points: Enhance students’ proficiency and accuracy in using the relative pronouns to write the Attributive Clauses. III. Teaching methods: Task-based teaching method; Audio-lingual method; Cooperative learning; Group discussion IV. Teaching steps: Step I：Lead in 1. Guess a riddle. This is a man who loves us very much. This is a man whose love is as great as a mother’s.
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语Who which that 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which 引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中英语定语从句几个难点的教学 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）即从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句是高中语法的重要组成部分，也是历年高考考查的重点。虽然学生在初中就已经初步接触了定语从句，但是由于定语从句的关系词有多样性，先行词比较复杂，且从句本身的位置非常灵活的特点，所以学生会遇到很到让他们感到束手无策的定语从句问题。在笔者的教学实践中发现，大多数学生在关系词的确定，as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句，“名词/代词/数词/比较级或最高级+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句及定语从句和其它从句的区别上等方面困惑较大。本文从以上几个方面进行反思。 一：引导定语从句的关系词的确定 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, 和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有where, when, 和why。学生的困惑就在于碰到地点，时间，还有原因类的先行词时，就不知道是用关系代词还是关系副词了。例如： Group1：a) Is this the factory you visited last week? b) Is this the factory your father worked ten years ago? Group2：a) The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten. b) The day she played with us was never to be forgotten. 要准确地解决上面的两组问题，只要弄清楚一点，即关系词在定语从句中所充当的句 通过分析上面四个定语从句，我们很快就可以找出正确答案。Group1: a) that/which b) where Group2: a) that/which b) when 二：as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句 学生对非限定性定语从句掌握得最好的是which引导的非限定性定语从句。as虽然在高中课本中和各类考题中都有出现，但教材上的语法归纳却涉及很少，是学生在定语从句学习中的一个盲点。但是as引导的定语从句也不难掌握。
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.
高中英语定语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句， 修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：