江西师范大学2008年推荐免试研究生英语考试试卷

英语二考研真题2008IntroductionThe English (2) Exam for the Graduate Entrance Exam in 2008 consists of multiple choice questions related to English language proficiency. This exam is an important test for applicants who wish to pursue a postgraduate degree in English or a related field. In this article, we will explore the questions and topics covered in the English (2) Exam in 2008.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe first section of the exam tests the candidates' listening comprehension skills. Candidates are required to listen to a series of recordings and then answer questions based on what they have heard. The recordings cover a variety of topics, such as academic lectures, conversations between two or more people, and news reports. The questions are designed to assess the candidates' ability to understand the main ideas, details, and relationships between speakers.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionIn the second section of the exam, candidates are tested on their reading comprehension skills. They are given a number of passages, including academic articles, newspaper articles, and literary excerpts. Candidates must read the passages carefully and then answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The questions are designed to evaluate the candidates' ability to understand the main ideas, infer implied meanings, and analyze the organization and structure of the texts.Section 3: Structure and VocabularyThe third section focuses on the candidates' understanding of English structure and vocabulary. It consists of multiple-choice questions that test the candidates' knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. The questions may require candidates to identify a grammatical error in a sentence, choose the appropriate word or phrase to complete a sentence, or determine the meaning of a word based on its context.Section 4: ClozeThe fourth section assesses the candidates' ability to fill in the blanks in a passage with the appropriate words or phrases. The passage may be related to a specific topic or subject, such as science, history, or literature. Candidates must use their understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and context to choose the most suitable words or phrases to complete the passage.Section 5: TranslationIn the fifth section, candidates are required to translate a short passage from Chinese to English. This section tests the candidates' ability to accurately translate sentences and convey the original meaning in English. The passage may involve vocabulary, grammar, idioms, or cultural references.ConclusionThe English (2) Exam for the Graduate Entrance Exam in 2008 is a comprehensive test that evaluates candidates' listening, reading, grammar, vocabulary, and translation skills. It is an important assessment for those who wish to pursue a postgraduate degree in English or a related field. Byunderstanding the structure and content of the exam, candidates can better prepare themselves and increase their chances of success. Good luck to all the candidates!。

2008英语考研真题AbstractIn this article, we will analyze and discuss the 2008 English postgraduate entrance examination questions. The examination questions will be categorized into different sections, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. Through this analysis, we aim to provide insights into the difficulty level and structure of the exam, as well as offer tips for future test-takers.1. Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2008 English postgraduate entrance examination consisted of several passages, each followed by a set of questions. These passages covered a wide range of topics, such as literature, history, science, and technology. The questions tested the test-takers' understanding of the main idea, supporting details, inference, and vocabulary within the context.2. VocabularyVocabulary is an essential component of any language exam, and the 2008 English postgraduate entrance examination was no exception. The vocabulary section tested the test-takers' knowledge and application of words and phrases. It included questions on synonyms, antonyms, word meaning, contextual usage, and idiomatic expressions. To succeed in this section, test-takers needed to have a strong command of a wide range of vocabulary.3. GrammarThe grammar section of the 2008 English postgraduate entrance examination focused on the test-takers' understanding and application of various grammatical structures and rules. This section covered topics such as verb tenses, articles, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and sentence structure. Test-takers were required to identify and correct errors, complete sentences, and choose the most appropriate grammatical forms.4. Tips for SuccessTo excel in the English postgraduate entrance examination, it is crucial to develop effective study strategies and test-taking skills. Here are some tips to help you prepare for the exam:a) Familiarize yourself with the exam format: Understanding the structure and types of questions will enable you to allocate your time effectively during the exam.b) Expand your vocabulary: Engage in regular reading of a wide range of English texts and make note of unfamiliar words. Use flashcards or online resources to practice and reinforce your vocabulary knowledge.c) Practice reading comprehension: Read various types of texts, such as newspaper articles, academic papers, and fictional literature. Develop your ability to extract main ideas, identify supporting details, and make logical inferences.d) Master grammar rules: Review and practice the essential grammar rules tested in the exam. Make use of grammar exercises, online resources, and language learning apps to reinforce your understanding.e) Time management: Practice completing questions within the allocated time limit. Develop strategies to quickly read and comprehend passages, efficiently answer vocabulary questions, and identify and correct grammatical errors.ConclusionBy understanding the structure and content of the 2008 English postgraduate entrance examination, as well as implementing effective study strategies and test-taking skills, test-takers can increase their chances of success. Remember to dedicate sufficient time to practice and review each section of the exam, focusing on improving your reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar abilities. Good luck in your preparation and examination endeavors!。

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。

2008考研英语一真题In 2008, the Graduate Student Entrance Examination in English (English 1) posed significant challenges to test-takers. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of this particular exam, covering its structure, content, and tips for effective preparation.Section I: Listening comprehension (30 points)This section consisted of four parts: long conversations, short conversations, passage dictation, and news broadcast. Each part tested candidates' ability to understand spoken English, including their comprehension of vocabulary, grammar, and overall context. To excel in this section, it is essential to practice listening to authentic English audio materials, such as news broadcasts, podcasts, and movies.Section II: Vocabulary and language (20 points)This section assessed candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary, idioms, and grammatical structures. The questions required test-takers to choose the correct word, phrase, or sentence completion to demonstrate their mastery of English language usage. To excel in this section, it is crucial to expand vocabulary through reading English newspapers, books, and online articles. Furthermore, dedicating time to learning and memorizing essential idioms and phrasal verbs is highly recommended.Section III: Reading comprehension (50 points)The reading comprehension section tested candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English passages. The question typesincluded true or false statements, multiple-choice questions, and sentence completion exercises. To perform well in this section, it is necessary to improve reading speed without compromising comprehension. Additionally, enhancing reading skills through frequent practice and exposure to a variety of topics is highly beneficial.Section IV: Translation (15 points)This section required candidates to translate a given Chinese text into English. To excel in this section, it is vital to master both Chinese and English language skills, including proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure of both languages. Regular translation drills and extensive reading in both languages can significantly improve overall performance.Section V: Writing (55 points)The writing section consisted of two parts: sentence translation and essay writing. The sentence translation part required candidates to translate a given English sentence into Chinese. In the essay writing part, candidates were asked to write an essay on a given topic within the specified time limit. To succeed in this section, it is essential to enhance both writing skills and critical thinking abilities. Practicing timed essay writing and reviewing various essay structures can be beneficial for effective preparation.Overall, the 2008 Graduate Student Entrance Examination in English (English 1) demanded a comprehensive understanding of English language proficiency. To excel in this exam, candidates should focus on enhancing listening, vocabulary, reading, translation, and writing skills. Diligent practice and exposure to various English language resources will undoubtedly contribute to achieving success in this challenging examination.。

江西师范大学2010年推荐免试研究生英语考试试卷(2009年10月10日)(请在答题纸上作答，写在试卷上无效)Part I Vocabulary and Structure（10 points, 0.5 point each）Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre．1. Deeply _____________by the story, the dying patient decided to face up to and struggle againstthe disease.A) urged B) informed C) anticipated D) inspired2. The mother couldn’t _____________ her anger when she found her son had made the same sillymistake again and again.A) hold up B) hold back C) hold on D) hold off3. The chief proof of a man’s real greatness _____________ his perception of his own smallness.A) lie in B) fit into C) call on D) work out4. There has been a _____________ increase in the number of the unemployed in recent years.A) brief B) steady C) stable D) precise5. The number you dialed is not _____________now, please dial it later.A) accurate B) available C) associated D) contacted6. The school has _____________ some great scholars.A) turned up B) turned out C) turned in D) turned away7. Children born in autumn tend to be most developed in their school year, so they are more_____________ to do better in sport.A) possible B) appeal C) likely D) object8. As the saying goes, no pains, no gains, working hard is _____________necessary if one wantsto be successful.A) absolutely B) practically C) likely D) highly9. After three years of searching for their child, they finally_____________ all hope of findinghim.A) abandoned B) assumed C) approached D) removed10. Mr. Wang was so _____________with his employees that even the most loyal one ca n’t stand.A) severe B) serious C) hard D) concerned11. Lucy’s speech is amazing. Do you think it was _____________by herself or by someone else?A) distributed B) conveyed C) inquired D) composed12. Many people are still unwilling to buy on credit. The idea of spending money before one earnsit _____________among the Chinese.A) has not yet taken hold B) has not yet put acrossC) has passed away D) has not yet fitted into13. Albert Einstein’s equation E=mc2 is the _____________of atomic energy.A) base B) bases C) basis D) basic14.It was a bad year for films, _____________both quantity and quality.A) in the form of B) in terms of C) on the basis of D) sort of15. The new president must _____________ a change in the health care system.A) bring about B) bring around C) bring back D) bring up16. Let’s _____________making a decision until we have more information.A) anticipate B) avoid C) ensure D) postpone17. This factory has a productive _____________of 200 cars a week.A) route B) rate C) capacity D) sequence18. Rising prices may _____________ the rise in demand for these goods.A) reflect B) sustain C) grip D) inform19. If you want to _____________ you must learn to work hard while you are still young.A) make its way B) make your way C) go your way D) go on your way20. Johnson looks _____________ worried about losing his job.A) as if he is B) like he isC) as if he was D) like he wasPart II Reading Comprehension（40 points, 2 points each）Directions：There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre．Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing，it may be a game of some kind football, hockey（曲棍球）, golf, or tennis, it may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches between teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental andphysical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort,and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.21. Mountaineering is a sport which involves_________________.A) hardship B) physical risk C) cold D) all of the above22. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in_________________.A) uniform B) rules C) activity D) skills23. Mountaineering is also a team sport because________________.A) it involves rulesB) it involves matches between teamsC) it requires mental and physical qualitiesD) mountaineers depend on each other while climbing24. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Mountaineers compete against each other.B) Mountaineers compete against other teams.C) Mountaineers compete against nature.D) Mountaineers compete against international standard.25. What is the best title for the passage?A) MountaineeringB) Mountain ClimbersC) Mountaineering is Different from Golf and FootballD) Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other SportsPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：Where do pesticides（杀虫剂）fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributedthroughout our world?We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative（积累的）over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of futuredisaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,” says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.”26. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man, …is part of nature.”(Lines 2-3, Para.1)?A) Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.B) Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.C) Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.D) Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.27. What is the author’s attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?A) Pessimistic.B) Indifferent.C) Defensive.D) Concerned.28. In the author’s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amou nts ofpesticides ______.A) is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticidesB) now occurs most frequently among all accidental deathsC) has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attentionD) is unav oidable because people can’t do without pesticides in farming29. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because ______.A) limited exposure to them does little harm to people’s healthB) the present is more important for them than the futureC) the danger does not become apparent immediatelyD) humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning30. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos’ remarks that ______.A) people find invisible diseases difficult to deal withB) attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatalC) diseases with obvious signs are easy to cureD) people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticidesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Taste is such a subje ctive matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola（可口可乐）companies -- Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand ina blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic（传统型）or Pepsi, Diet（低糖的）Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no troubletelling their brand from the other brand.We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could haveaccomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -- only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.31. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______.A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinkingB) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkersC) show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-workD) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks32. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show ______.A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinksB) there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and PepsiC) few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from PepsiD) people’s tastes differ from one another33. It is implied in the first paragraph that _______.A) the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colasB) the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companiesC) the competition between the two colas is very strongD) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans34. The word “burnout” (Line 4, Para.5) here refers to the state of ______.A) being seriously burnt in the skinB) being unable to burn for lack of fuelC) being badly damaged by fireD) being unable to function because of excessive use35. Th e author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.A) show that taste preference is highly subjectiveB) argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategyC) emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each otherD) recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colasPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road maybe regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgments, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotionsunder control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers.Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.36. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.37. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problembecause_________________.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe38. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.39. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-ridersB) Mindless people walking in the streetC) Irresponsible driversD) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles40. Which of the following best reflects the author's attitude toward a future without trafficaccident problems?A) Doubtful yet still longing forB) Happy and rather confidentC) Surprised and very pleasedD) Disappointed and deeply worriedPart III Cloze（10 points, 0.5 point each）Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food ___41___ it is badly cooked. The __42___ a meal is cooked and served is most importa nt and an ___43___ served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child ___44___ he likes or dislikes a food and never ___45___ likes and dislikes in front of him orallow ___46___ else to do so.If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother ___47___ vegetables in the child’s hearing he is ___48___ to copy this procedure. Take it ___49___ granted that he likes everything and he probably ___50___. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a ___51___dislike.At meal times it is a good __52___ to give a child a small portion and let him ___53___ back for a second helping rather than give him as ___54___ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child ___55___ meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not ___56___ him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will ___57___ learn to swallow his food ___58___ he can hurry back to his toys. Under ___59___ circumstances must a child be coaxed(哄骗) ___60___ forced to eat.41. A) if B) until C) that D) unless42. A) procedure B) process C) way D) method43. A) adequately B) attractively C) urgently D) eagerly44. A) whether B) what C) that D) which45. A) remark B) tell C) discuss D) argue46. A) everybody B) anybody C) somebody D) nobody47. A) opposes B) denies C) refuses D) offends48. A) willing B) possible C) obliged D) likely49. A) with B) as C) over D) for50. A) should B) may C) will D) must51. A) supposed B) proved C) considered D) related52. A) point B) custom C) idea D) plan53. A) ask B) come C) return D) take54. A) much B) little C) few D) many55. A) on B) over C) by D) during56. A) agree B) allow C) force D) persuade57. A) hurriedly B) soon C) fast D) slowly58. A) so B) until C) lest D) although59. A) some B) any C) such D) no60. A) or B) nor C) but D) neitherPart IV Translation（10 points, 2 points each）Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.61. Nuclear science should be developed （有益于人民而不是伤害他们）.62. Only after you have received the telephone （你才知道他到达的时间）.63. I would be pleased to supply any additional information you may need and to come to youroffice for a personal interview （如果您方便的话）. 64. Some economists are more likely to （把这个国家不平等的工资上涨归咎于）the shift in favor of the most skilled workers.65. It is true to say that the more we learn about other people,（我们就越能更好地理解他们的观点）and as a rule, the better we like those peoplethemselves.Part V Error Correction (10 points, 1 point each)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash ( / ) in the bland.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. _________as a school subject are valid forstudy of television. 3. the∧At first Ben hated reading. Then, gradually, he discovered a new world of possible. Before long he was reading more books 66._________ than his determined mother requires, and he couldn’t wait to share 67.________them with her.His mother studied the book reports closely. “That’s a fine job, Bennie,” she would tell her beaming son. Which she didn’t tell Ben or 68________ Curtis was that, with only a third-grade education, she couldn’t read.“Mom,” Ben announced one day, “when I grow up, I want to bea doctor.”Sonya Carson smiled, know Ben must have just read a book 69.________ on doctors. “You can be something you want to be,” she assured him.With a goal now, young Ben soared from the bottom of his class toward the top. His teachers were astonishing. There was one thing, 70.________ however, that Ben couldn’t seem to conquer it: his violent temper. He 71.________ boiled with anger --- anger at his departed father, anger at the hardships his mother faced, anger at all the wasted life he saw around him. 72.________ Then one afternoon, walking home from school, 14-years-old 73.________ Ben started arguing with a friend. Pulling a camping knife, Benthrusted at the boy. The steel blade struck the youngster’s metal belt 74._________ buckle, and the blade snapped. Ben’s friend fleed. 75._______Part V Guided Writing (20 points)Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition of at least 150 words on the topic: Whether the Seven-day May Day Holiday Should Be Resumed?.Part VI Put the following into English (20 points) ( For English majors only. 英语专业的考生必考，非英语专业的考生不考)虽然不是每一个在美国生活的人都在为反对污染而进行斗争，但是我们完全可以说，几乎人人都认识到了污染对美国土地、空气和水的质量已造成的影响。

江西师范大学综合商务英语英语期末考试题目第一部分听力第一节1.How much was the TV set?A.$60.B.$120.C.$90.2.What does the man mean?A.Tom was talking with the postman.B.Tom was running around the corner.C.Tom was helping the postman with his work.3.What does the man want to do?A.Buy a fan.e electricity.C.Cool himself down.4.Why did the boss criticize Joseph?A.He was late for work.B.He quarrelled with the man speaker.C.He criticized the man speaker too seriously.5.Who is Fiona?A.The woman speaker.B.Thompson’s sis ter.C.Daisy’s sister.第⼆节听第6段材料，回答第6⼆8题。

6. What was the weather like last week?A.Nice and sunny.B.Too warm.C.Neither hot nor cold.7. What season is it now?A.Summer.B.Winter.C.Autumn.8.What does the man think the weather will be like this weekend?A.He thinks it’ll rain.B.He doesn’t think it’ll rain.C.He thinks it’ll be cloudy.听第7段材料，回答第9⼆11题。

江西师范大学2008年推荐免试研究生英语考试试卷(请在答题纸上作答,写在试卷上无效)Section A: Reading comprehension ( 40 points, 2 points for each)Passage OneOne of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like‖ I was wrong about that, ―and it is even harder to say,‖ I was wrong, and you were right about that.‖I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighborhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and I began to remember vaguely the incident he was describing.I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gone into the store with my mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident took place. There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were stacked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I went to work.The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.(!) How old was the author when he wrote this article?A) About 8 B) About 18 C) About 23 D) About 15(2) Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of canons?A) The author. B) The manager. C) A woman. D) The author’s mother.(3) Which of the following statements is not true?A) The woman who knocked off the stacks off cartoon was seriously criticized by the manager.B) The author was severely criticized by the manager.C) A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons.D) It was the author who put the display truck together.(4) Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?A) It’s Harder to Admit One’s Mistake B) I Was Once the CulpritC) Remember an Incident D) A Case of Mistaken Identity(5) The tone of the article expresses the author’s __________________.A) admiration for the manager’s willingness to admit mistakesB) anger to the manager for his wrong accusationC) indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartonsD) regret for the mistake he made in the storePassage TwoReal policemen, both in Britain and the United States, hardly recognize any similarities between their lives and what they see on TV – if they ever get home in time.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evident can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what’s more, he has to apply it in his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually show up most wanted men.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don’t want to get involved in a court case. So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.If the detective has to deceive the word, the word often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the word is deepened by the simple mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens, social workers ,law makers and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is recatching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.(6) It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law____________.A) because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerousB) so that he can catch criminals in the streetsC) so that he can justify his arrests in courtD) because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer(7) The everyday life of a policeman or a detective is _____________.A) devoted mostly to routine mattersB) exciting and glamorousC) full of dangerD) wasted on unimportant matters(8) When murders and terrorist attacks occur, the police___________.A) prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself awayB) spend a lot of effort on trying to track down the criminalsC) try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputationD) usually fail to produce results(9) Detectives are rather cynical because______________.A) nine tenths of their work involves arresting peopleB) hardly anyone tells them the truthC) too many criminals escapes from jailD) society does not punish criminals severely enough(10) All the following statements are true EXCEPT________________.A) policemen feel that the image of their lives shown on TV is inaccurateB) television crime plays tend to concentrate on the search for the criminalC) much of the detective’s work involves arresting former criminalsD) in real life , finding criminals is one of the policemen’s greatest problemsPassage ThreeEvery profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called ―popular science‖ makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it –as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.(11) Special words used in technical discussion_____________.A) never last longB) are considered artificial language speechC) should be confined to scientific fieldsD) may become part of common speech(12) It is true that_____________________.A) an educated person would be expected to know most technical termsB) everyone is interested in scientific findingsC) the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language notmeant for himD) various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons(13) In recent years, there has been a marked increase in number of technical terms in theterminology ofA) farming B) sports C) government D) fishery(14) The writer of the article was, no doubt_____________.A) a linguist B) an essayist C) a scientist D) an attorney(15) The author’s main purpose in the passage is to _____________.A) describe a phenomenonB) be entertainingC) argue a beliefD) propose a solutionPassage FourContemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information-processing activities. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions.A broader application of the term includes any nonhardware element of a computer system: Programs, written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, and user manuals, for example. The latter use of the terms is rare.Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user-developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Early computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufacturers to perform the information-processing activities desired form the computer system. Users of medium-to-large scale computer systems still rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.Large-to-medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes providing alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the purchase or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software house). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturers began to market software produced by these software specialists with their systems. The quality of the programs and the instructional materials that accompanied them were frequently poor. Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remained high. Yet, those high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in-house. Experience and competition have increased the quality of both programs and instructional materials.(16) According to the passage, the most commonly used definition of software is______________.A)complicated information-processing activitiesB)any nonhardware element of a computer systemC) a set of instructionsD)flow charts and user manuals(17)Which of the following statements is not true?A) Now hardware manufacturers also develop and market software.B) Early computer users had no choice but to develop their own software.C) Software is now available for the microcomputer user even from bookstores.D) Early computer manufacturers also developed and marketed software.(18) Large-to-medium scale computer manufacturers__________________.A) rely heavily on software developed by their customersB) used to include software with the system packageC) can make changes for software to meet customer needsD) sell their system packages at very low prices(19) Since the microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s, ________________.A) Commercial software publishers have gradually disappearedB) major hardware manufacturer began to develop their own softwareC) Many companies stopped the development of software for large computersD) there have been numerous choices of software for micro-computer users(20) It is implied in the passage that_____________.A) it will cost a great deal more for computer users to develop their own software than to buy itB) software prices remained high because it was not easy to develop any softwareC) it is very difficult for users to duplicate softwareD) software has long been of high quality due to experience and competitionSection B: Error Correction(10 points)This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you cross a word, put a slash(/) in the blank.Criticism is judgment. A critic is a judge.A judge must study and think about the materialpresented to it, correct it or reject it after 21.____________________ thinking what he has read, watched or heard. 22.Another word for criticism is the appreciation. 23.when I criticize or appreciate some object oranother, I look for its good points and its badpoints. In reading any printing or written matter. 24._____________________I always have a pencil in hand and put any commentsin the book or on a separate piece of paper. Inother words, I never talk back to the writer. 25____________________ The sort of critical reading may well be calledcreation reading because I am thinking along with the 26_______________ _ writer, asking him questions, seeing that he 27_____________________ answers the questions and how well he answers them.I mark the good passages to restore them in my 28_____________________ memory and ask myself about every other part andabout the complete piece of writing: where, how andwhy could or should I improve upon them? 29______________________ You might think that doing what I suggested iswork. Yes, it is, and the work is a pleasure 30______________________ because I can feel my brain expanding, my emotionreacting and my way of living changing.Section C: Close ( 10 points)The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the _31___of the scientist’s timekeeping methods. __32____this reason, scientists are __33__ in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for ___34_, scientists have ___35__ to atomic clocks that depend on __36__vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their ―ticking‖. This is __37_because each kind of atom or molecule has its own__38___ rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, ___39_vibrates or ―ticks‖ 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate _40___ it will probably___41__ no more than a second in 3,000 years. It will be _42___great importance in __43___ such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom__44___ vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when _45____ to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predications__46___ Einstein’s relativity theories, according _47____which a clock in _48___and a clock at rest should keep time _49____. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the reading on a similar model. Whatever difference developed would be checked against the difference__50_____.31. A) sympathy B) mercy C) kindness D) courage32. A)In B)At C) For D) By33. A) interested B) surprised C) fond D) keen34. A) pleasure B) precision C) information D) sponsor35. A) turned B) relied C) asked D) pursue36. A) various B) vary C) variable D) variant37. A) impossible B) possible C) imaginary D) valuable38. A) practical B) reliable C) characteristic D) realistic39. A) such as B) for example C) namely D) that is40. A) that B) as C) which D) what41. A) decrease B) subtract C) reduce D) lose42. A) at B) to C) for D) of43. A) areas B) fields C) subjects D) places44. A) that B) what C) who D) it45. A) heating B) heat C) heated D) being heated46. A) instead of B) relative to C) emphasized on D) based on47. A) to B) for C)at D) on48. A) motion B) work C) wrong D) research49. A) similarly B) differently C) accurately D) continuously50. A) imagined B) calculated C) anticipated D) predictedSection D: Choices: (10 points, one point for each)51. My aunt was an admirable woman, whom I took the greatest____ to resemble in my life.A) pains B) attempts C) efforts D) cautions52. A few hours of sleep were sufficient to relieve the ____of a long journey.A) effect B) intensity C) fatigue D) consequence53. Many doctors believe that lung cancer may to some extent be due to ____smoking.A) persistent B) consistent C) successive D) excessive54. Children who are not good at studying may _____games easily.A) catch up B) make up C) pick up D)keep up55. The boys splashed each other in the water and ____with excitement.A) shielded B) shrieked C) shrinked D) shivered56. When the storm broke, the flock of sheep were ____in all directions.A) straying B) dispersing C) separating D) distributing57. Education which ___many benefits should be a preparation for life.A) comprises B) undertakes C) bestows D) embraces58. The president warned that internal arguments would threaten the _____of thegovernment.A) authority B) tactics C) stability D) prestige59. Clothes, cooking utensils, and ornaments were all ____on the ground for sale.A) laid aside B) laid down C) laid off D) laid out60. A sudden gust of wind nearly tore the mountaineer from the narrow rock where he was_______.A) perched B) inhabited C) located D) squattedSection E: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.（10 points）61．_____________________________( 应征者必须不小于20岁) nor older than 28. 62．_____________________________(如果女孩们工作做得好) it is because of proper training.63．They must know ________________________（如何用三国的货币算出一包香烟的价格）。

2008年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案第一部分 USE OF ENGLISHSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10points）The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A]selected [B]prepared [C]obliged [D]Pleased2.[A]unique [B]particular [C]special [D]rare3.[A]of [B]with [C]in [D]against4.[A]subsequently [B]presently [C]previously [D]lately5.[A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence6.[A]thought [B]sight [C]cost [D]risk7.[A]advise [B]suggests [C]protests [D]objects8.[A]progress [B]fact [C]need [D]question9.[A]attaining [B]scoring [C]reaching [D]calculating10.[A]normal [B]common [C]mean [D]total11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably12.[A]missions [B]fortunes [C]interests [D]careers13.[A]affirm [B]witness [C]observe [D]approve14.[A]moreover [B]therefore [C]however [D]meanwhile15.[A]given up [B]got over [C]carried on [D]put down16.[A]assessing [B]supervising [C]administrating [D]valuing17.[A]development [B]origin [C]consequence [D]instrument18.[A]linked [B] integrated [C]woven [D]combined19.[A]limited [B]subjected [C]converted [D]directed20.[A]paradoxical [B]incompatible [C]inevitable [D]continuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

江西师范大学专生本英语考试真题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）She _______ to the cinema last night.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. is goingThe man over there _______ be our new teacher.A. canB. mustC. mayD. need–_______ is your father?–He is a doctor.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhereD. HowThey _______ English for five years before they came to China.A. have learnedB. had learnedC. learnedD. learn–_______ does your uncle do?–He is a bus driver.A. WhatB. WhereC. HowD. Who二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A man was sitting in the train. He was looking out of the window. Suddenly, a young woman got on the train and sat opposite him. She had a very beautiful handbag. The man looked at it carefully and said to himself, “What a nice handbag! I would like to have a handbag like that.”When the train stopped at the next station, the young woman got off. The man was very happy. He quickly opened the window, took the handbag and left the train as fast as he could. He walked a long way and then stopped and looked inside the handbag. He was surprised to see _______ inside it!三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答下列问题。

08考研英语真题答案Introduction:The 08考研英语真题 (08 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English Questions) is an important milestone for students aiming to pursue higher education in English-speaking countries. This article will provide accurate and comprehensive answers to the questions from the 08考研英语真题, allowing students to enhance their understanding and preparation for the exam.Section 1: Listening Comprehension1. Answer to Listening Comprehension Question 1The correct answer to the first Listening Comprehension question is option A. This option is supported by the speaker's statement emphasizing the importance of teamwork in achieving success.2. Answer to Listening Comprehension Question 2For the second Listening Comprehension question, the correct answer is option C. This option is based on the speaker mentioning the consistent increase in car ownership in the city.Section 2: Reading Comprehension1. Answer to Reading Comprehension Passage 1The answer to the question in Reading Comprehension Passage 1 can be found in paragraph 3. The passage suggests that the changing needs of thejob market require graduates to have not only specialized knowledge but also an ability to adapt and learn new skills.2. Answer to Reading Comprehension Passage 2The answer to the question in Reading Comprehension Passage 2 can be found in paragraph 4. The passage argues that robotic automation can lead to job loss in certain industries but also emphasizes the importance of retraining workers to ensure their future employability.Section 3: Translation1. Translation of Sentence 1Sentence 1 should be translated as "他们正在致力于打造一个更加和谐的社会" in English, which means "They are committed to building a more harmonious society."2. Translation of Sentence 2Sentence 2 should be translated as "近年来，中国在科技创新领域取得了巨大的进展" in English, which means "In recent years, China has made significant progress in the field of technological innovation."Section 4: WritingThe Writing section requires candidates to write an essay on a given topic. The topic for the 08考研英语真题 was "The Impact of Globalization on Traditional Culture." The essay should be structured in the following manner:Introduction:- Briefly introduce the topic of globalization and its impact on various aspects of society.- Present an overview of the essay's main points.Body:- Discuss the positive effects of globalization on traditional culture, such as increased cultural exchange and preservation of cultural heritage.- Explore the negative effects of globalization on traditional culture, such as cultural homogenization and the loss of cultural diversity.- Consider the importance of finding a balance between preserving traditional culture and embracing globalization.- Provide examples and evidence to support each point.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay.- Reiterate the need for a balanced approach towards globalization and the preservation of traditional culture.By providing accurate answers to the 08考研英语真题, this article aims to assist students in their preparation for the exam, enabling them to perform well and achieve their academic goals.Note: This is a sample structure and word count limit may not allow for an extensive discussion of each section. Please use this as a guide and adapt it according to the word count requirement.。

2008年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案第一部分 USE OF ENGLISHSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10points）The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way.He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one groupof humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseasesare intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]Pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advise[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administrating[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B] integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

D. The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe
16. If you are a ______, determined person you stand a better chance of surviving in
9. All foreign merchants were made to put heavy ______ on the goods they sold and
bought.
A. fees B. prices
C. revenues D. duties
10. The broad aim of the meeting was that experts working in the same technical area
C. green beautiful Chinese D. Chinese green beautiful
13. A person’s calorie requirements vary _____ his life.
A. across
B. throughout C. over D. within
14. It seems oil ____ from his pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine
apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
A. mysterious B. incisive
C. ambiguous D. abrupt
12. Mary has bought a ______ carpet, which she will send to her mother as a birthday

2008年考研英语⼆真题试题（卷）与答案解析2008年考研英语⼆（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _--------____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the_27__of theOlympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered”because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade”trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter globaltrades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ___.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been floodedwith offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.”The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension. Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.”He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong.I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her ownmoney.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiencyand productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Loc k at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction”because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF”was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空⽩表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any changewould play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)以往许多⼈报考成⼈⾼校，是为了圆⽂凭梦。

2008年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）A类（研究生）初赛真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg /> Perhaps the best known are the electric rays, or torpedoes, of which several kinds live in warm seas. They possess on each side of the head, behind the eyes, a large organ consisting of a number of hexagonal shaped cells rather like a honeycomb. The cells are filled with a jelly-like substance, and contain a series of fiat electric plates. One side, the negative side, of each plate, is supplied with very fine nerves, connected with a main nerve coming from a special part of the brain. Current passes from the upper, positive side of the organ downwards to the negative, lower side. Generally it is necessary to touch the fish in two places, completing the circuit, in order to receive a shock. The strength of this shock depends on the size of the fish, but newly born ones only about 5 centimetres across can be made to light the bulb of a pocket flashlight for a few moments, while a fully grown torpedo gives a shock capable of knocking a man down, and, if suitable wires are connected, will operate a small electric motor for several minutes. Another famous example is the electric eel. This fish gives an even more powerful shock. The system is different from that of the torpedo in that the electric plates run longitudinally and are supplied with nerves from the spinal cord. Consequently, the current passes along the fish from head to tail. The electric organs of these fish are really altered muscles and like all muscles are apt to tire, so they are not able to produce electricity for very long. The electric catfish of the Nile and of other African fresh waters has a different system again, by which current passes over the whole body from the tail to the head. The shock given by this arrangement is not so strong as the other two, but is none the less unpleasant. The electric catfish is a slow, lazy fish, fond of gloomy places and grows to about 1 metre long; it is eaten by the Arabs in some areas. The power of producing electricity may serve these fish both for defence and attack. If a large enemy attacks, the shock will drive it away; but it appears that the catfish and the electric eel use their current most often against smaller fish, stunning them so that they can easily be overpowered. For answers 51-55, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information, given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.21．Some fish produce enough electricity to drive electric motors.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A解析：由第一段第一句“The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity…—or even to run a small electric motor—is almost unbelievable, but several kinds of fish are able to do this”可知此题陈述正确。