Introductory Remarks
①．White elephant昂贵而无用的东西
②．Yellow publications低级趣味出版物
③．Lame duck跛鸭：不能连任的人
④．Disinformation假情报
⑤．Hegemony势力范围
⑥．Mentor保护人
⑦．Deep throat秘密消息的来源
⑧．Paint lily多此一举
⑨．Smoking gun确凿的犯罪证据
⑩．Be in high cotton兴隆
?．Barter trade交换贸易
?．BBS电子布告栏系统
?．Anonymous remailer匿名转信站
?．Cybersalon网络咖啡厅
?．Cyberspace网络世界
?．Online prank网络恶作剧
?．CPI消费者物价指数
?．ISDN综合服务数字网络
?．OPEC石油输出国组织
?．Mitnick affair米尼克事件
21．World Wide Web万维网，全球信息网
22．Cellular phone蜂巢式移动电话
23．Genetic engineering遗传工程
24．The economics of Cloning复制人的经济分析
25．G-7七大工业国集团
26．Reaganomics里根经济学
27．Junk bond垃圾债券
28．Face the music了解美国军队惩罚违纪士兵的方式方法
29．Talk turkey了解美国白人的伪善
30．Come down to the brass tacks了解美国工人的过去
31．Go to the dogs了解英美人破产的辛酸
32．Samaritan源自《圣经》中，指乐善好施者
33．Green Berets指头戴绿色贝雷帽的美国特种部队
34．An Eagle Scout指美国的飞鹰童子军
35．American Dream表意是“美国梦”
36．Forbes list指美国《富布斯》富翁排行榜
37．Madison Avenue是麦迪逊大街，代指美国广告中心
38．A rags-to-riches legacy是美国梦的一个重要的内容，指“留下一笔‘白手起家发财’的遗产”
39．Social Security指美国的“社会保障条例”
40．Medicare指美国为65岁以上的老人专设的“老年保健医疗制”
41．Negative income tax指美国社会的“最低收入补贴”
42．A scapegoat替罪羊
43．By the skin of one’s teeth幸免于难
44．They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.含泪的播种人将在欢笑中收割45．No man can serve two masters.一君难侍二主
46．Cast pearls before swine.对牛弹琴
47．The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is week.心灵愿意，肉身却软弱48．The love of money is the root of all evil.贪财是万恶之源
49．
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
1．Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the US, the term, when it’s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged the staff to do “a little more savoring” of life, spending time with their families or viewing art. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的悠闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 2．P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, “You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children, for— if you are honest—you have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one.” There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowling’s books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent. 《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。 3．Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake. 4．Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person’s stren gth, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 5．What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that “there’s one person out there that one is meant for” and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are roman tic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么？许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 6．Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people’s early intimate relationships within
制作时间：2004年7月21日英美文化与英汉翻译(第1-12期) 作者：snowry_yhn 编辑、制作：yangbb 第1期 MAVERICK (2) 第2期 FBI & SLOAN-KETTERING (3) 第3期 AMA (4) 第4期 GATT (5) 第5期 WESTERN (6) 第6期 GIS & YANK (7) 第7期 GILTS (8) 第8期 JV (9) 第9期 AT&T (10) 第10期 GDP (11) 第11期 MAFIA (12) 第12期 GURU (13) 转载请注明出处，谢谢！
制作时间：2004年7月21日［yangbb语］ 终于完工了，而且今天是自己的生日，就把这个包子作为生日 礼物送给自己吧！呵呵，好高兴啊！ 其实做包子真的是件比较苦的事情，而且体力劳动远大于脑力劳动。但是我想，如果自己辛苦做出来的包子没有人分享，那才是真正 可悲的事情。所以沪友一定要支持我们的劳动啊！ 还有两点提醒一下（不要骂我啊，我马上就说完）： 1．本文档版权归沪江所有，尊重原创，请网友在转载时注明出处，非常感谢！ 2．本文档按A4幅面制作，有条件的网友可直接打印。 ［snowry_yhn语］ 了解英美文化对我们的英语学习是很有必要的，特别是对于翻译！ “白象牌运动鞋”怎么翻译呢？是“White Elephant Sports Shoes” 吗？大家知道White Elephant 在英语中是什么意思吗？”yellow pub lications"又该怎么翻译呢？是"黄色出版物"吗？ 由于缺乏对英美文化的了解而造成的误译、谬译或交际中断经常发生。我们这个栏目就是希望让大家更多的了解一些英美文化，基于snow的实际水平，有错误的地方请大家多多包涵！ 第1期 Maverick Maverick
英汉语主被动对比与翻译 一、概念 主动与被动体现主语和谓语动词之间的语法关系。所谓主动，是指行为的发出者在句子里是主语，即施事；而被动是指充当句子主语的是某一行为作用的对象，即受事。 二、汉语的被动式与翻译 汉语中表达被动概念有三种形式：带有被动标记的被动式、不带有被动标记的意念被动式和无主句。 一）带有被动标记的被动式 带有被动标记的被动式，是指借助词汇手段实现的。主要有“被、由、给、把、让、受、挨、为、使、于、蒙、经、叫、遭受、加以、予以、为……所、是……的、在……中”等。此类被动句一般表示较强的被动意义，侧重于行为的表达，翻译时一般译成英语的被动句。如： 1. 救济品很快被送到火灾的灾民手中。 Relief was quickly sent to the sufferers from the fire. 2. 这些发动机由蒸汽驱动。 The engines are driven by steam. 二）不带有被动标记的被动式 此类句子中的主语或话题实际上是动作的承受者。句子形式主动，而意义被动。一般情况下，译成英语，可使用被动式。 1. 这座桥将于今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 2. 地图挂在墙上。 A map was hung on the wall. 三）无主句 无主句通常可以用主动形式表达被动意义。一般情况下，可以用英语被动式表达该类无主句。 必须保证8小时睡眠。 Eight hours’ sleep must ne guaranteed. 但如果选择的英语动词的意义和英语的行文习惯，也可以用主动式。 洋车夫疑心他醉了，回头叫他别动，车不好拉。 Suspecting he was drunk, the rickshaw puller turned his head and asked him to keep still, for it was hard to pull the rickshaw. 三、英语的被动式与翻译、 鉴于以上汉语被动句的三种表达方式，我们在翻译英语被动句的时候，要找出适当的被动形式，因为汉语表达被动式的词存在语体等方面的差异，如积极意义（被、受/到）和消极意义（挨、糟）的差异，抽象和具体的差异，口语体（给、叫、让+ 施事）和书面语体差异等。 一般来说，英语被动语态翻译成汉语时，有两种情况：
汉英新闻翻译策略 美国新闻学者约斯特认为: “新闻是已经发生或正在发生的事实的报道。”从中可以看出新闻的根本特点：新闻是对信息的报道, 新闻的时效性很强, 客观性是新闻的灵魂。 新闻一般包括标题、导语和正文三个部分。标题高度概况了整条新闻的主要内容, 被喻为“新闻的眼睛”, 是信息量最集中、最丰富的地方。新闻标题的功能包括五个方面: 把最精彩的内容揭示给读者, 用最短的文字阐明内容主旨, 以特殊方式表达报纸的倾向性, 凭借特殊强势吸引读者, 选择让人震撼的语句激励读者。导语简要交代整条新闻的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要素, 通常称为5W, 这些有时甚至用一句话表达。正文则体现前重后轻的做法, 先提供重要的信息, 再补充必要的背景报道, 所谓“倒金字塔”结构。 纽马克认为,采取何种翻译方法取决于三个因素：文本类型(type of text) 、读者身份(nature of thereadership) 和翻译目的(purpose of the translation) 。具体而言,译者可以打破新闻原文的形式上的束缚,在标题、词汇和句法结构上进行改写(rewriting) 。在出发语和目的语之间发生矛盾时,要优先考虑目的语的表达习惯。“好的翻译听起来不像是翻译”(奈达) ,而像译者用目的语写作的产物。交际翻译法的实质是意译、归化、适度再创造。 1．标题改写 新闻标题的功能是提炼内容、美化版面和吸引读者(郜书锴,2002) 。好的新闻标题常常具有简约、醒目、概括、风趣的特点(刘宓庆,1998 :82) 。标题翻译的好坏,直接影响着整篇新闻翻译的交际效果和读者的兴趣。纽马克认为:“Normally, as a translator, you are entitled to …change? the title of your text . ”(2001 : 156) 因此,除了极少数采用语义翻译外,译者都在标题翻译上下了很大功夫用交际翻译法处理。 标题翻译应积极地揭示新闻内容, 兼顾中英文标题的差异性和考虑读者的接受能力, 可采用以下三种策略: 其一, 如果标题含义明白、直接而且信息功能强烈, 译成目标语后读者不至于产生理解上的困难, 则可直译或基本直译, 例如: “Looking Back to Look Ahead——回首往昔展望未来”; “Olymp ics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold——奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌”, 但中英文采用通栏标题或对仗式标题, 不完全一致。其二, 标题译成目标语能保留原文的重要信息和审美价值, 又不至于使读者产生理解上的困难。例如: “A V ow to Zip his Lips (夸张) ——誓要守口如瓶”; “So lar System Search from Space (头韵) ——从太空对太阳系进行探索”。“Zip”和“守口如瓶”并不对应, 但译文和原文对接受者的作用和接受者
第三章英汉词语比较与翻译对等 第一节翻译对等 Equivalence is the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT) that allows the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first Place. 对等是翻译理论中的中心概念。 卡特福德认为翻译的中心任务就是确定翻译对等的性质和条件。 奈达提出了“动态对等”与“形式对等”这两个概念。形式对等：原语文本的形式在目的语中被机械地再现，目的是允许原语文本以自己的表达方式说话，而非经过调整来适应目的语文化，实践中，既不分句也不合句并保留标点和分段等形式标示。由于两种语言之间的差异，这类翻译扭曲了目的语的语法和文体风格，从而导致信息歪曲。运用形式对等主要是追求翻译的精确性并尽可能保留原语的形式。形式对等有其局限性，但有时却是最为合适的翻译策略。动态对等就是将原语译成目的语后，目的语读者的反应与原语读者读原语时的反应一致。它通过分析、转移和重建三个过程来实现，进行动态对等翻译包括：运用适合目的语文化的表达法去替代原语中的相应表达法；使原语文本中语言上隐含的信息明显化；为了增进理解增加一定量的冗余表达。例如，奈达将《圣经》中的“Lamb of God”译为“Seal of God”。有时功能对等也被用来代替奈达提出的动态对等。 第二节英汉词语比较与翻译对等 词的意义是它在特定的语言系统中的具体价值或通过在特定语言系统中的运用而具有的个性。 词的意义可分为四种：命题意义(propositional meaning)、表情意义(expressive meaning) 、搭配意义(collocational meaning)和唤起意义(evoked meaning)。 命题意义描述一个词与现实世界或想象世界中所指称或描述的事物之间的关系，是判断话语是真还是假的基础。语言以符号的方式描绘经验世界。 人总是能够说出他们经验当中的任何事物，因为语言符号覆盖了这个经验世界。但是，语言对经验世界的分割表现出若干层次性。词对于世界的分割应表现为不同的层次。 English: skill craft craft guild 汉语：技巧技巧行会行会
黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.
南京航空航天大学 2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:842 满分:150 分 科目名称:翻译与写作（英语） 注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points) （1） The quantum hypothesis explained the observed rate of emission of radiation from hot bodies very well, but its implications for determinism were not realized until 1926, when another German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present position and velocity accurately. The obvious way to do this is to shine light on the particle. Some of the waves of light will be scattered by the particle and this will indicate its position. However, one will not be able to determine the position of the particle more accurately than the distance between the wave crests of light, so one needs to use light of a short wavelength in order to measure the position of the particle precisely. Now, by Planck’s quantum hypothesis, one cannot use an arbitrarily small amount of light; one has to use at least one quantum. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its velocity in a way that cannot be predicted. Moreover, the more accurately one measures the position, the shorter the wavelength of the light that one needs and hence the higher the energy of a single quantum. So the velocity of the particle will be disturbed by a larger amount. In other words, the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can measure its speed, and vice versa. （2） The beauty of our country is hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and large countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round corner. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small place. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things——mountains, plains, rivers, lakes——to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains. （3） About dusk the snow will stop, and by full dark a high, white moon will come sailing in like a galleon, and an icy, diamond powdering of stars will follow. In the blue-and-silver night there are no blurred edges. This is the time of clarity, of cutting beauty. Out in the night there will be no sound except of branches clicking together and a vast, far skein of wind flung down from the sky. I know if I sit here long enough by the window, I will see the red conflagration of dawn, and in the new day there will be the wonderful gifts that only brilliant winter day after a storm brings: the shattering scarlet of redbirds at the back-yard feeder. It will be a day to sweep the path to the bird feeders and put out seed and withered apples like old ladies’ cheeks for the impatient animals.
Introductory Remarks ①．White elephant昂贵而无用的东西 ②．Yellow publications低级趣味出版物 ③．Lame duck跛鸭：不能连任的人 ④．Disinformation假情报 ⑤．Hegemony势力范围 ⑥．Mentor保护人 ⑦．Deep throat秘密消息的来源 ⑧．Paint lily多此一举 ⑨．Smoking gun确凿的犯罪证据 ⑩．Be in high cotton兴隆 ?．Barter trade交换贸易 ?．BBS电子布告栏系统 ?．Anonymous remailer匿名转信站 ?．Cybersalon网络咖啡厅 ?．Cyberspace网络世界 ?．Online prank网络恶作剧 ?．CPI消费者物价指数 ?．ISDN综合服务数字网络 ?．OPEC石油输出国组织 ?．Mitnick affair米尼克事件 21．World Wide Web万维网，全球信息网 22．Cellular phone蜂巢式移动电话 23．Genetic engineering遗传工程 24．The economics of Cloning复制人的经济分析 25．G-7七大工业国集团 26．Reaganomics里根经济学 27．Junk bond垃圾债券 28．Face the music了解美国军队惩罚违纪士兵的方式方法 29．Talk turkey了解美国白人的伪善 30．Come down to the brass tacks了解美国工人的过去 31．Go to the dogs了解英美人破产的辛酸 32．Samaritan源自《圣经》中，指乐善好施者 33．Green Berets指头戴绿色贝雷帽的美国特种部队 34．An Eagle Scout指美国的飞鹰童子军 35．American Dream表意是“美国梦” 36．Forbes list指美国《富布斯》富翁排行榜 37．Madison Avenue是麦迪逊大街，代指美国广告中心 38．A rags-to-riches legacy是美国梦的一个重要的内容，指“留下一笔‘白手起家发财’的遗产” 39．Social Security指美国的“社会保障条例” 40．Medicare指美国为65岁以上的老人专设的“老年保健医疗制” 41．Negative income tax指美国社会的“最低收入补贴” 42．A scapegoat替罪羊
之前总结过英汉翻译宏观上的句法差异主要有10点： 1.英语重结构，汉语重语义。 2.英语多长句，汉语多短句。 3.英语多从句，汉语多分句。 4.英语多静态，汉语多动态。英语多物称，汉语多人称。 5.英语多被动，汉语多主动。 6.英语多变化，汉语多重复。 7.英语多抽象，汉语多具体。 8.英语多引申，汉语多推理。 9.英语多省略，汉语多补充。 10.英语多前重，汉语多后重。 英语中被动语态 （1）为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性 ?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。 ?National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. （2）便于上下文的连贯、衔接。 ?他出现在台上，观众给与热烈鼓掌。 ?He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. （3）为了使措辞得当、语气委婉 ?来宾请出示入场券。
?Visitors are requested to show their tickets. Assignment 7 Passive vs. Active As we have mentioned in the previous units, the passive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被动语体的习惯用语需要记忆：it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．) Exercise: 英语多被动（正式文体的要求），汉语多主动。 1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job. 2. 很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 ?I’m sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain 3.采取一国两制适合中国国情, 并非权宜之计。 One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for China's national conditions, not shake-up.
最新时政新闻（两会）英汉词汇翻译 1.新思想 new thought 2.新常态 new normal 3.新增长目标 new growth target 4.新反腐模式 New anti-corruption model 5.民生 people's livelihood 6.扶贫 poverty alleviation 7.国防 national defense 8.改革开放40周年 40 years of reform and opening up 9.中国梦 the Chinese Dream 10.人类命运共同体 a community with shared future for humanity 11.五位一体economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress 12.四个全面 the four-pronged comprehensive strategy 13.一带一路 the Belt and Road Initiative 14.文化自信 cultural confidence 15.获得感 sense of benefit 16.成就感 sense of achievement 17.城市群 city cluster 18.低碳城市 low-carbon cities 19.智能制造 intelligent manufacturing 20.中国制造2025 Made in China 2025 21.工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit 22.中国天眼：500米口 径球面射电望远镜 （FAST） China's Eye of Heaven: The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) 23.国产航母 domestically built aircraft carrier 24.国产客机 homemade passenger jet 25.数字家庭 digital homes 26.数字经济 digital economy 27.人工智能 artificial intelligence 28.第五代移动通信 5G mobile communications 29.自媒体 We-Media 30.自贸试验区 pilot free trade zones 31.医疗改革 medical reform 32.国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 33.居民消费价格 Consumer Price Index (CPI) 34.税收减免 tax reduction and exemption 35.去产能 reducing excess capacity