三级语法考点归纳
一. 虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大) 条件 与现在相反 与将来相反 与过去相反 done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn ' t gone on vacation, their house wouldn 2. 原形虚拟： a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。 suggest, dema nd, advise, propose, order, arran ge, in sist, comma nd, require, request, desire that (should) do 例女口 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggesti on is that we should tell him. b. It is (was)形容词 /名词 that ......... (should) do/ 例女口 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式： 1. It ' s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)词过去时 … … 例如 It ' s time we left. 2 would rather/so oner as if/ though would rather/sooner 反 as if/ though 4?练习 1. I _______ t ry it agai n if I ______ you.
A. will ； am
B. should; am would ； had been 2. If it _______ n ot for the water , the pla nts _ A. were ； would not B. is ； could not could not 3. If I school.
A. have not had; could not become
从句 did (be > were) did (be * were) had done 主句 would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could have 't have been broken (break) into.
例女口 It is time we went to bed.
宁愿 好像 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相 谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反 C. would ； were D. live.
C. were ；
could
D.
did ；
that chanee to show my ability, I the preside nt of this
B. had not had ； would not have
become
4. He _____ by that burglar if you _______ to save him.
A. might have been killed ； hadn 't come
B. will be killed ； didn 't come
C. may be killed ； did 't come
D. could be killed ； haven 't come
5. If it _____ for your help ， I _______ that hard time with so little money.
A. were not ； would not spend C. had not been ； would not have spent spend 6. Where _____ you go if war ______ ?
A. will ； breaks out
C. would ； were to break out
7. She wishes she _____ that humiliating thing.
A. doesn 't do
B. didn ' t do t done
8. The chairman suggested that the meeting put off.
A. can be
B. be
C. is 9. It is vital that he _____ immediately.
A. should go
B. must go
C. goes 10. It is time we _____ do our homework.
A. begin to
B. can begin to
C. began to 答案： 1. 选C 。表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）（译文；如果我是你，我会再 试一次 ）
2选A 。表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）。（译文：要是没有水，植物 就不能存活。 ）
3. 选B 。表示与过去事实相反的假设。
4 A 。表示与过去事实相反的假设。（译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼 杀了。 ）
5. C 。与过去事实相反的假设。（译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段 艰苦岁月的。 ）
6. 选C 。表示与将来事实相反的假设。（译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？）
7. 选D 。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。（译文：她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。）
8. 选B 。虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。 （译文：主席建议会议延
期举行。 ）
9. 选A 。虚拟语气用于主语从句（It is / was +形容词+ that 引导的分句）。
10. 选C 。虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time （that ）...句型。（译文：我们该开始做作 业了。 ）
.动词的时态
1.各个时态动词基本变形
C. did not have ； could not become
D. doesn 't have ； will not become B. is not ； can not spend D. have not been ； will not B. do ； will break out D. will ； is to break out C. haven 't done
D. hadn '
D. will be D. went D. will begin to
一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。
always ‘usually, sometimes,一般现在时do/does am
is are
last week, yesterday, a few days ago 一般过去时did was/ were
next week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般将来时will do
now, at prese nt, at this mome nt 现在进行时be +do ing
so far, up to now, by the time, si nee的主句现在完成时has/have done
3. 练习，用动词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (be) eightee n n ext year.
2. It ______ (rain) every day so far this mon th.
3. Mozart ______ (write) more tha n 600 pieces of music.
4. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow，we' ll have to stay at home.
5. How fast ______ he _______ (drive) whe n the accide nt happe ned?
6. By the time Mr. Smith left school，he ______ (teach) that course for twenty-five years.
7. Perhaps he ______ (fini sh) read ing the book by this time tomorrow.
1. 填will be。next year为表示将来时态的时间状语
2. 填has rained so far是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。
3. 填wrote o Mozart (莫扎特)是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。
4. 填rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。
5. 填was...driving。表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。
6. 填had taugh t句中有by the time Mr. Smith left school，主语的谓语应用过去完成时。
7. 填will have finished。句中有by this time tomorrow，主语的谓语应用将来完成时。
三动词的被动语态
1.各个时态的被动语态
A. must have completed
B. must have bee n completed
C. must be completed
D. must complete
2. The subject of these lectures ______ b y the lecture committee.
A. announces
B.have bee n announced
C. announ ced
D. has bee n announ ced
3. My pictures ______ un til n ext week.
A. won' t develop
B. aren' t developing
C. don' t develop
D. won' t be developed
4. They ______ so that we wouldn t recognize them.
A. costumed
B. disguised
C. were disguis ing
D.were disguised
5. All the apparatus 器械） _____ before the experime nt bega n.
A. had been prepared
B. were prepared
C. had been prepared
D. had prepared
6. The world's supplies of copper ______ .
A. have bee n gradually being exhausted
B. has gradually exhausted
C. are gradually exhausted
D. are being gradually exhausted
7. The goods _______ whe n we arrived at the airport.
A. were just uni oadi ng
B. were just being uni oaded
C. had just uni oaded
D. were just bee n uni oaded
8. Tom _____ the best student in his class.
A. regards
B. regards as
C. has regarded as
D. is regarded as
9. The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather.
A. put off
B. was put off
C. was putted off
D. has put off
1. C。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+dona （译：至U下月底图书馆的修建必须完工）
2. D 现在完成时的被动语态为：have been+done 译（：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。）
3. D。一般将来时的被动语态为：will be+done,其否定形式为：will not be +done
4. D 一般过去时的被动语态为was/were+过去分词（译:为了不让我们认出来，他们伪装了起来）
5. C。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：had been+过去分词。
6. D现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/am being+过去分词。（译:世界的铜资源正逐渐被耗尽）
7. B。过去进行时的被动语态为：was/were being+过去分词。（译:我们到机场时正在卸货物。）
8. D。（译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。）
9. B。（译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。）
四定语从句
1. 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系畐【J词有：whe n, where, why等。
例题：The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds， could go penniless by next year.
A. the large one
B. the larger of which
C. the largest one
D. the largest of which
选B。因为前面有two，所以不能选D, A没有连接手段，也不能选。三级试题中定语从句的考题：
1 、I tried to get of the business ___ I found impossible to carry on.
A） why B）which C）what D）where
2、Once more I have to leave Beijing , ____ I have been living for eight years.
A） that B）where C）which D）as
3、This book is designed for the leaners __ native Ianguages are not English.
A)whose B)which C)who D)what
4、S he got to know the young man very well ____ she had worked for so long.
A)to whom B)i n whom C)whom D)with whom
5、The hotel ___duri ng the vacati on was rather poorly man aged.
A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed
6、There are so many dresses there that I really dotnknow to choose.
A)whether B)whe n C)which D)why
7、I think that Anna is ____ far the most active member in our group.
A)with B)at C)as D)by
五?倒装
1. 当only放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装
例：Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
Only yesterday did I finish the book. 到昨天我才读完那本书。2. 具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装。常见的否定词有：n ever, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly 等。
例句：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
1、O lny when we had finished all the work that it was too late to take a bus home.
A)did we realize B)i nformi ng C)i nformed D)to inform
2、N ot until the day before yesterday to give a speech at the meeting.
A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree
3、Y oung ___ he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.
A)that B)who C)as D)which
4、N ot until yesterday _____ anything about the project that will be completed soon.
A)did I lear n B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt
5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasion ___ frightened.
A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt
6、S o ____ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that n ight.
A)excited the mother was B)was the mother excited
C)the mother was excited D)excited was the mother
7、S o loudly that people could hear it out in the street.
A)did the stude nts play the music B)the stude nts play ing the
music
C)the students played the music played the music
六． it 的用法
1.it 作形式主语或者形式宾语
It is necessary for us to learn English. it 这里指代 to learn English It was not very clear what she meant. it 这里指代 what she meant 2. it 在强调句型
强调句型的结构为： It is/was +被强调部分 + that(who) +句子的其余部分
练习 1. It was only when I read his poems recently ________ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so 选 B 。 强调句型强调 when 引导的时间状语从句。 2.It was about 600 years ago ______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that
B. until
C. before
选 A 。 强调句型强调时间状语
七．形容词比较级 1.不规则变法
good/well bad many/much little
2. 形容词比较级结构 (1) 形容词 +than
than money. (2) the + 形容词比较级， medicine I take 比较级 最高级 better best worse worst more
most less
least
例句： Real friendship is more valuable the + 形容词比较级 例句： The more
D)have the students
D. when
大学英语三级考试常考词组和固定搭配（介词+名
词）
by accident on account of in addition in addition to in the air on (the/an) average on the basis off at (the) best for the better on board out of breath on business in any case in case of i n case in no case
by chance in charge (of) (a) round the clock in common in conclusion on condition that in confidence in connection with/to in consequence in consequence of on the contrary
因为'由于
另外
除??????之升
在潦行中.在传拾中平均'一般来说根鳳在……的基础上充其量，至多好转，改善衽給（车.飞机）上咲不过气来因公.因事无论如何.总之假使，万一假使"以防（万一）免得决不偶然.碰巧负责，主
管昼夜不条地共
用，共有，共同最
后，卓之?……条佯
下借任关于因妣，
结果由于……的线故
反之，正相反
in contrast with/to与……成对照
out of control失去控制
under control被控制住
at all costs不惜任何代价
at the cost of以……为代价
in the course of在…过程中，在.??期of course当钱.自然
in danger在危阻中，墓危
out of danger脱离危险
out of date过期C时）的
up to date时新的
in debt欠债
in detail详细地
in difficulties处境困难
in the distance在远处
off duty下班
on duty值班.上班
on earth几竟，到底
at all events无论如何
in any event有效；实际上
in the event of万一，如果发生
for example例如
with the exception of ...之外
in the face of面对，不顾，即使
in fact其实，实际上
on fire烧着
on foot步行
in force有效1实施中
in fawo (u) r of有利于，费成.支持
in front of在……面前
in (the) future今后，将来
on guard Vfir防范
in gonoral通大体上
in half成两半
at hand在手边，在附近
from tip to toe彻着彻尾，宪全
by hand用手
hand down to往下传，传给（后代）hand in hand手拉手.携手
in hand在中.在控制中
on hand在手边，临近
on (the) one hand ...—方面??????
on the other hand …另一方面……
at heart在内心,实质上
by heart牢记〉凭记忆
at home在在EB内,自在，自如in honour of以纪念，向……聂示敬蠹on one's honour以名誉担保
in a hurry匆忙地，立即
for instance例如，举例说
at intervals不时，时时
at last豪终，终于
at least至少，最低限度
in the least一点.丝毫
at length终于，最后；详细地
in the light of按歸.根据
in line成一宜线，排成一行
in line with与……一比按照
at a loss
as a matter of fact by all means by means of by no means in memory of at the mercy of by mistake at the moment for a moment for the moment in a moment in nature on occasion in order in order to in order that out of order on one's own in particular in the past in person in place in place of in the first place in the last place out of place on the point to the point 困惑，不知所措
其实，事实上
无论如何，必定
借助于，用
决不
纪念
在??????支配下现在，毗刻
片刻，一会儿
现在，暂时
立刻，马上
本质上
有时，不时
秩序井fth整齐
以便，为了
以便
发生故障，失调
独自地.敎立地
特别地.尤其，详细地在过去.以往
亲自
在适当的位*
代替
起初，首先
最后
不得其所的，不适当的即将……的时候
切中要害，切JR
in practice out of practice at
present for the present in proportion to in public for (the) purpose of on purpose with the purpose of in question at random at any rate by reason of as regards with/in regard to in/with relation to with respect to as a result as a result of in return on the road as a rule in the long run for the sake of on sale on a large scale on a small scale in secret in sense 在实际中.实际上久不练习.荒疏且it现在目
前.曹时
（与……）成比例的公
开地，当众为了
故壷.有盘
为了
正在考虔
険童地，任童地无论如何"至少由于
关于.至于
对于，?……而论
关糸到
关于
结果，因此由于???
??.结果作为报答.作
为回报
在ik途中
规章.MMI通常，用例
■终.从长远观点看为了??????起见出ih JR卖大規模地
小規模地
秘密地，私下地
从某种童义上说
in shape处于良好状态
on the side作为義职，ts外
at first sight乍一看，初看起来
in sight被看到，在望
out of si^ht看不见，在視野之外
in spite of不管，不蹊,尽管，虽然
on the spot当场，在现场
in step阿步，含拍
out of step步调不一致，不协调
in stock现有，各有
in sum总而言之
in tears流着泪，含泪，哭
in terms of依据，按鳩用…措词for one thing首先，一则on the second thoughts经童新考虔.一转念
at a time每次，一次
at no time从不，决不
at one time同时.曾经，从前曽
at the same time但是.然而
at times有时
for the time being目前，暂时
from time to time有时"不时
in no time立即.马上
in time及时.适时地
on time准时
on top of在??????之上
out of touch失去联系
in truth事实上.实际上，的确
on try试穿
by turns轮流.交普
in turn依次，轮流
in vain徒劳，无效
a variety of种种，各种
by virtue of由于
by the way服便提1下，另外by way of经由，通过……方式in a way在某点.在某种程度上in no way决不
in the way of妨碣
in one's/the way妨碣.阻碑
after a while过了一会.不久
for a wh計e暂时，一时
on the whole总的来说
in a word一句话
in other words另??????
at work上班
out of work失业，下岗
in the world