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高考英语新名词知识点基础测试题及答案解析

一、选择题

1．Our natural ________ are limited. This means that they will not________forever. A．energies; occur B．materials ; erupt

C．resources ; last D．sources; bury

2．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief

3．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children.

A．ambition B．obedience C．education

4．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.

A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault

5．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster

6．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief

7．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein.

—It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg!

A．no doubt B．no surprise

C．no way D．no need

8．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 9．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.

A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 10．The painful experience left her emotionally drained, but she is not the sort of

________woman to be defeated by a of fate.

A．damage B．collapse C．twist D．share

11．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States.

A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 12．The _____on his face suggested that he was extremely angry.

A．impression B．sight C．appearance D．expression 13．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.

A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy

14．The expert says the farm helps reduce Beijing’s __________ on dirty energy that creates the capital’s heavy smog.

A．convenience B．confidence C．reliance D．importance 15．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release

16．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？

A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors

17．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.

A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream

18．Since he did not prepare for the whole story before class, he just read the of the plot instead. A．headline B．expression C．outline D．title 19．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________．

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

20．With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.

A．approach B．access C．attachment D．appearance 21．The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A．prospect B．promotion C．priority D．privilege 22．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have___________ to places like shops and restaurants.

A．method B．access C．way D．means

23．In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A．presence B．charge C．control D．absence

24．It is a great____________ for our country to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic.

A．signal B．function C．honor D．agreement 25．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task .

A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词和动词辨析。句意：我们的自然资源是有限的，这意味着它们不能永远持续。A. energies; 精力；occur 发生；B. materials ; 材料；erupt 爆发；C. resources ; 资源；last 持续； D. sources;资源； bury埋葬。有限的是自然资源，有限当然不能持续使用。故选C。2．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

3．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旧中国，父母要求子女绝对服从。A. ambition雄心；B. obedience顺从；C. education教育。根据常识，以前父母要求子女是绝对服从，故选B。4．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。

5．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担；B. risk冒险；C. hole洞；D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用“负担减轻”符合题意。故选A。

6．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A. doubt疑

问；B. wonder难怪；C. evidence证据；D. belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证

明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选C项。

7．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词组辨析。句意：——到了春天，母鸡又开始下蛋了，这给它们带来了蛋白质。

——许多文化都以鸡蛋来庆祝春天，这并不奇怪。A.no doubt 毫无疑问； B.no surprise 不惊讶；C. no way没门；D. no need不需要。固定句型：It is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”；It is no s urprise that…“不足为奇……”；It is no way that…“那是不可能的……”；It is no need that…“没必要……”。结合句意，故选B。

8．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是她对医学研究的投入，帮助屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。A. supply提供；B. respect尊重；C. devotion奉献，投入；D. arrangement安排。根据Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize可知，屠呦呦对医学研究的投入了很多时间。故选C。

9．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个邻国最终在边界问题上达成了和解。A. Accumulation.积累；B. compensation补偿；C. accommodation调节，和解；D. ambition野心。根据句意可知，此处是指达成和解。故选C。

10．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：痛苦的经历使她的感情枯竭，但她不是那种被命运打败的扭曲的女人。A. damage破坏；B. collapse崩溃；C. twist转动，扭曲；D. share分享。结合句意表示“扭曲”，故选C。

11．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于你们那些已经收到荣誉、奖励和勋章的人，我要说，做得好。对于一般的学生，我要对你们说，你也可以成为美国的总统。A. distinctions勋章；B. contributions贡献；C. solutions解决方案；D. attractions吸引。根据honors, awards可知此处用“勋章”符合语境，故选A项。

12．D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：他脸上的表情表明他非常生气。A. impression印象；B. sight视力，景象；C. appearance外貌，外表；D. expression表情，脸色。根据on his face可知指面部表情，故选D。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名战士，他有很强的纪律性。A. desire欲望；B. discipline纪律；C. force力量；D. privacy隐私。结合上文Being a soldier可知形容士兵应当是有很强的“纪律性”，故选B。

14．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家说，这个农场有助于减少北京对污染能源的依赖，而污染能源造成了首都的严重雾霾. A. convenience 方便；B. confidence 自信；C. reliance 依靠，依赖；D. importance 重要性。分析句子，reliance on 译为“对……的依赖，信赖”，是固定短语。此处表示北京对污染能源的依赖。C项符合句意。故选C项。

15．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：从监狱释放差不多一年以后，他仍然睡不好。A. expedition远征；B. transformation改变；C. link连接；D. release释放。根据from prison, he was

still unable to sleep properly意可知，此处用“释放”符合句意，故选D项。16．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：把卫星放入轨道要花费多少钱？A. gas气体；B. orbit轨道；C. chemicals化学物质；D. vapors水蒸气。根据 satellite可知，此处用“轨道”符合句意，故选B项。

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一直在传播虚假故事试图诽谤我们。A. attempt企图，试图；

B. programme节目，项目；

C. intention意图，目的；

D. dream梦想。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语in an attempt to do sth.“试图/企图做某事”，故选A项。

18．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意：由于上课前他没有准备整个故事，他只看了故事梗概。A. headline大标题；B. expression表达，表情；C. outline大纲，概要；D. title标题。这里指“故事梗概”。故选C。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。

20．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A. approach接近；B. access通道；C. attachment连接物，附属；D. appearance外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选A项。

【点睛】

名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，临近”的意思。

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A. prospect前途；B. promotion升职，晋升；C. priority优先权；D. privilege特权。结合后文to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选B。

22．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地方。 A. method方法；B. access机会、通道；C. way方法；D. means方法。我们用“have access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此

题选B。

23．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A. presence在场；B. charge管理；C. control控制；D. absence缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语in the absence of“缺乏”，故选D项。

24．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于我们国家来说，举办2022年冬奥会是一个巨大的荣誉。A. signal信号；B. function功能；C. honor荣誉，荣耀；D. agreement协议，同意。有机会举

办冬奥会对于所有国家来说都是一个荣耀。故选C项。

25．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到这个问题的解决办法不是一件容易的事。A. relaxation放松；B. imagination想象力；C. invention发明；D. solution解决方法。根据后文to this problem可知是找到问题的“解决方法”。故选D。

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