Establishing Business Relations
I. 课外阅读
1. Gentlemen:
Re: Chinese Cotton Piece Goods
Your company has kindly been introduced to us by Messrs. Freeman & Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, as prospective buyers of Chinese Cotton Piece Goods. As this item falls within the scope of our business activities, we shall be pleased to enter into direct business relations with you at an early date.
To give you a general idea of the various kinds of cotton piece goods now available for export, we enclose a brochure and a price list. Quotations and sample books will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.
We look forward to your favourable reply.
Yours Sincerely
2. Dear Sirs,
Re: Textiles Goods
We learn from the Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Swedish Embassy in Beijing that you are in the market for Textiles.
We avail ourselves of this opportunity to approach you for the establishment of trade relations with you.
We are a state-operated corporation, handling both the import and export of textiles. In order to acquaint you with
our business lines, we enclose a copy of our Export List covering the main items suppliable at present.
Should any of the items be of interest to you , please let us know. We shall be glad to give you our lowest quotations upon receipt of your detailed requirements.
In our trade with merchants of various countries, we always adhere to the principle of equality and mutual benefit.
It is our hope to promote by joint efforts, both trade and friendship to our mutual advantage.
We look forward to receiving your enquiries soon.
Y yours faithfully
II. 建立贸易关系的常用语
1. We learn from your letter of April 5 that you are interested
in establishing business relations with us for the purchase of
our tools. 从你方4月5日的来信中我们获悉你方为了购买我
方的工具愿意同我方建立贸易关系。
2. Having had your name and address from the Commercial
Counsellor’s office of our Embassy in the U.K., we avail ourselves of this opportunity to write to you and see if we can establish business relations with you. 我方从我国驻英国大使馆商务参赞处那里获悉了贵公司的名称和地址，因此我们借此机会给你方写信，看看是否能同你方是否能同你方建立起贸易关系。
3. Through the courtesy of Mr. Freemen, we are given to understand that you are one of the leading importers of electric goods in your area and wish to enter into business relations with us. 承蒙弗里曼先生的介绍，我们获悉你方是当地电器产品的主要进口商之一，并且希望同我方建立贸易关系。
4. We have come to know the name of your corporation and have the pleasure of writing this letter to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. 我们刚获悉贵公司的名称，因此很荣幸写信给你方，并且希望同贵公司建立贸易关系。
5. Your desire to establish direct business relations with us coincides with ours.
你方要求同我方建立直接贸易关系的愿望同我方的愿望相一致。
6. We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 我们愿意在
平等互助的基础上同贵公司建立贸易关系。
7. The Chase Bank has informed us that you are one of the leading importers of tools and instruments and that you are interested in trading with us in these lines. For your selection, we are sending you a list of the items which might be suitable to your market requirements. Chase 银行告知我方，你方是工具和仪器的主要进口商之一，并且希望在这方面同我方做贸易。因此我们给你方寄上一份符合你方市场要求的商品目录，以供你方选择。
8. Your company has been introduced to us by R. G. Nelson & Co. Ltd. as prospective buyers of Chinese sewing machines. As we deal in sewing machines, we shall be pleased to enter into direct business relations with you. 经阿·奇·耐尔逊有限公司的介绍，我方获悉贵公司将要购买中国的缝纫机。由于我们经营缝纫机的业务。我们将很乐意同你方建立直接贸易关系。
9. We write to introduce ourselves as one of the leading exporters of a wide range of electric fans and air conditioners.我们来信自我介绍一下，我方是电扇和空调的主要出口商之一。
10．To acquaint you with the light industrial goods we handle, we are sending you, by separate airmail, several pamphlets for your reference. 为了使你方所经营的轻工产品，我们将另
函寄上几本产品介绍的小册子供你方参考。
11. Specializing in the export of Chinese foodstuffs, we wish to express our desire to trade with you in this line. 我方专门出口中国食品，因此希望在这领域里同你方做生意。
12. Your letter expressing the hope of entering into business connection with us has been received with thanks. 我们已经收到了你方希望同我方建立贸易关系的信件，并表示感谢。
III课外练习：英译中
1.Through the courtesy of Mr. Freemen, we are given to understand that you are the leading importer of electric goods in your area.
2.We deal in Chinese textiles.
3.We handle the import business of textiles.
4.We are anxious to make business contact with your corporation.
5.Will you kindly give us a general idea of the market price of textiles in your city.
6.Can you ship the goods by the first available steamer this month?
7.We shall be pleased to receive your lowest quotation for 300 pieces Raleigh bicycles.
8.We are interested in various kinds of bicycles, details as per
our Inquiry Note No.3538.
9.We advised you in our letter of Dec.1, that we would like to place a trial order with you for 50 pieces Flying Pigeon Bicycles.
10.We send you by airmail a brochure on the various kinds of bicycles now available for export.
Iv．课堂作业
将下列信函译成英文：
执事先生，
今向贵公司介绍目前我方可供出口的上海地毯，该产品已在国外市场上广泛销售，相信你处也有需求。兹先寄上目录一份，供参考。请你方研究，并函告我方，以便进一步探讨交易的可能性。如蒙询价，十分欢迎。
XXX谨上
外贸英语对外贸易与外贸关系 （一） They mainly trade with Japanese firms. 他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。 For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company. 在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了大量的贸易。 Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality. 我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。 There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you. 和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。 Our foreign trade is continuously expanding. 我们的对外贸易不断发展。 Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%. 皮革贸易上升（下降）了百分之三。 Trade in general is improving. 贸易情况正在好转。 Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts. 我们公司主要经营手工艺品。 They are well-known in trade circles. 他们在贸易界很有名望。 We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。 To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect of China's foreign policy. 尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的
商务英语写作 请求建立业务关系RequestfortheEstablishmentofBusinessR elations 样信 1 Dear Messrs Ribera Y Cia, With reference to your letter of Sep.21, 2004, we are glad to learn that you wish to enter into 1 trade relations with our corporation in the line of canned goods. In compliance with 2 your request, we are sending you by air a catalogue 3 together with a wide range of 4 pamphlets 5 for your reference. If any of the items listed in the catalogue meets your interest, please let us have your specific enquiry, and our quotation will be forwarded without delay. In the meantime, you are requested to furnish us with the name of your bank prior to 6 the conclusion of the first transaction between us.
Sincerely yourst 【参考译文】 敬启者： 关于你方 2004 年 9 月 21 日来信，我们很高兴知道贵公司想在罐头食品业务方面同我们建立业务关系。 按照你方要求，我们通过航空邮寄目录一本，并附一套小册子，供你参考。 如果目录中所列的任何一种商品符合贵方要求，请具体询价，我方将立即寄上报价单。 同时，在第一笔生意做成之前，请将你们银行的行名告诉我们。 谨上 样信 2 Dear Sirs, We are exporters of long-standing and high reputation 1 , trading in 2 all kinds of Chinese goods, especially electronic products. We desire 3 to expand the business with you, and would be most grateful if you could provide us with a list of reliable 4 business firms in your area which might be interested in our products. We are confident that with our experience in the line for more than 15 years, we can give our customers complete satisfaction.
I can't believe it!Right in the middle of our conversation,Peter turned around abruptly and walked out of the room! C.suddenly突然的 The doctor said that there was only a slim hope of survival for the people in the air crash. D.very little微弱的 7 Unlike the well-mannered John,Jim was rather uncouth. A.rude粗鲁的 Jack is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal,he won't give it up easily. resolute:坚决的 The results of the competition excedded our expectations. 超过 The author tried to interpret a difficult problem in a simple way to the readers. 解释 The company was sold according to the evaluation of its assets. 计算 They exaggerated the enemy's losses and understated their own. 没有如实地陈述 Her work is sometimes good,but the problem is she's not consistent. 一致的 The subsidiary company is operated by a young manager appointed by the board of directors. 属附公司 Canada is a bilingual country where two languages are used officially. 双语的 He had the ability to write fluent and idiomatic English. 习语的 The number of employees in the company has trebled over the past decade. 雇员 They have published a lot of new books on international issues. 发行 I will have to consult my lawyer before I can give you an answer on that. 就诊 I'd appreciate it if you let me get on with my job. 感谢 Company sales improved dramatically following a ＄2 million marketing campaign. 市场营销His parents are quite well-off;they've just bought him a new car for his birthday. 富有的 Please describe the operation of the system in unprofessional language so that
建立贸易关系Establishing Trade Relations （1）We are sending you under separate cover by mail a copy of the latest catalog. Please let us know if there are any items which are of interest to you and we will send you quotes and samples. 兹另发送我方最新产品目录一份。如贵公司对其中一些产品感兴趣，请告知。我方会寄去报价和样品。 under separate cover 另封、另邮，也可用by separate mail=by separate post item此处做“货物、商品”解， 例：some of the items部分产品，an export item 出口产品 quotes报价=quotation，quote比较口语化。 可与quotation搭配使用的动词有：make, send, give等，后面常跟介词for 例：Please send us your lowest quotation for 100,000 sets of plain telephones. 请将100,000个普通电话机的最优惠报价发送给我们。 （2）Please inform us of your trade items and forward samples and product brochures. 请告知贵方贸易条件，并提供相关样品和产品册子。 注：trade terms 贸易条款、条件，常用复数，主要包括付款方式（mode of payment）、装运日期（date of shipment）等。 Forward 此处为动词，=to send，dispatch 发送，寄（商品、信息） Brochure 小册子，用于介绍一种或一类商品=pamphlet, catalog(ue) (3) Our corporation is established for the purpose of importing and exporting as well as other activities in connection with foreign trade. 本公司是以经营进出口业务及对外贸易为宗旨而建立的。 for the purpose of… 以……为目的，为宗旨， 例：A party was held for the purpose of increasing the understanding between the two sides. 这次聚会的目的是增进双方的了解。 purpose的另一个短语，on purpose也很重要，表示“故意，有意地”，He did it on purpose, knowing it would me angry. 他明知会惹怒我，却故意那样做。 in connection with: 与……有关， I am writing to you in connection with our latest business. 我写信给你与我们最近的这桩贸易有关。 （4）Our company has been in business since 1995, and therefore has wide experience in all the
贸易术语Incoterms 2000简介 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则 E组（发货） EXW工厂交货（……指定地点） F组（主要运费未付） FCA货交承运人（……指定地点） FAS船边交货（……指定装运港） FOB船上交货（……指定装运港） C组（主要运费已付） CFR成本加运费（……指定目的港） CIF成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）CPT运费付至（……指定目的港） CIP运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地） D组（到达） DAF边境交货（……指定地点） DES目的港船上交货（……指定目的港） DEQ目的港码头交货（……指定目的港） DDU未完税交货（……指定目的地） DDP完税后交货（……指定目的地）
27种常用外贸英语函电书信文体 评论:0 条查看:99 次jianyf发表于 2007-01-15 13:36 1.请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。烦请早日赐复。此致 2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us. 本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。谨遵要求另函奉上最新之出口商品目录和报价单。款项烦请以不可撤销保兑之信用状支付。如欲订货，请电传或传真为盼。此致敬礼 3.请求担任独家代理 We would like to inform you that we act on a sole agency basis fora number
商务英语写作复习题 1．建立业务关系的信函 ●信息来源（告知对方你是从何渠道了解到对方的） ●对你的公司做简单介绍（公司的业务范围，稍稍“宣传”一下你公司的 产品和服务。 ●写信的目的（你想与对方做什么生意，比如，想购买对方的产品，推 销你自己的产品，想与对方建立合资公司等）。 ●表达与对方合作和早日收到回复的愿望。 Sample Letter May 10, 2003 Dear Sirs, We have obtai ned the name and address of your corporation from the Commercial Counselor’s Office of your Embassy in our country, through whom we learned that you are the manufacturers and exporters of bamboo products. We are very pleased to communicate you for the possibility of trading together. We have been in business as importers of general merchandise since 1965 and can particularly boast of having vast and wide experience in the business line of bamboo products. Our bankers are Guarantee Trust bank, Holland, from whom you will be able to get any information you may require concerning our business character and financial standing. We should appreciate it if you would let us know your trade terms and forward us copy of your catalogue or helpful literature and your latest price list. We look forward to the pleasure of hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully 2．订购函 你公司准备向某公司订购一批产品。请你写一封订购信，其内容应
1. 检验证书用来表明商品是否符合合同条款。 2. 有时，在合同中有必要订立一个罚金条款，以防万一出现未交货、迟交货、或迟开信用证等一方违约的情况。 3. 当发生不可抗力时，援引不可抗力条款的一方必须在规定期限内及时通知另一方。 4. 裁决指仲裁庭做出的决定。 5. 仲裁协定或合同中的仲裁条款应写明仲裁费用由谁承担。 6. In this case, who is to bear the losses? 7. A force majeure clause should also be specified in the sales contract. 8. Any claim by the buyer regarding the goods shall be filed within thirty days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 9. If you want to file a claim, you should give us a survey report issued by an inspection agency approved by us. 10. I’ll ty pe a clean contract and we can sign it this afternoon. 1. 在信用证支付方式下指望银行付款，而非进口方付款的能力或意愿，但出口方只有遵从信用证的所有条款，才能得到货款。 2. 银行开出信用证就意味着该银行要承担在合适的汇票和单据被出示后付款的责任。 3. 受益人即信用证中所指定的有权接受货款的人，即出口商。 4. 在这一步骤中，买方应填写申请表，包括品名、质量、数量、单价、总值、贸易术语、付款时间、包装、装运期限等。通常买方还应该明确信用证的有效期。 5. 通常，信用证应在装运日期前至少15天内到达卖方，以留出充足的时间进行审核，必要时进行修改，并安排装运。 6. 如果修改通知书涉及两个以上条款，相关各方只能按照惯例全部接受或全部拒绝，而不能只接受其中的一部分，而拒绝其他部分。 7. Wang Ling found that all its clauses were all right except the shipment validity when checking the L/C. 8. As stipulated in the contract, the buyer should open a letter of credit in favor of the seller 30 days before the month of shipment. 9. The letter of credit has been opened in your favor. 10. Generally, the letter of credit specifies the beneficiary’s name, description of goods, quantity, unit price, total amou nt, ports of loading and destination, trade terms, payment terms, shipping documents, shipment validity, negotiation validity, etc. 1. 在中国，由国家质量监督检验检疫总局来主管全国进出口商品的检验工作。 2. 未经检验合格，《种类表》中的进口商品不准销售、使用， 出口商品不准出口。 3. 应注意不同检验证书的有效期不同，如果检验证书到期，商品就需要重新报验。 4. 商检机构应当在对外贸易合同约定的索赔期限内完成检验，并签发检验证书。 5. 对这批货物进行30%的抽样检查所得的检验报告是最终的，对双方都有约束力。 6. What’s the time limit for the reinspection? 7. The reinspection fee should be borne by the seller. 8. These goods are not allowed to pass the customs without legal inspection. 9. The buyer is entitled to reinspect the goods upon their arrival even though inspection has been made before shipment. 10. Whose survey report will be taken as final if we find any shortage? Unit 12 1. 运输代理行是运输领域的专家，了解各种最新的运输方式及其相关运费。 2. 运费按以公吨为单位的重量（重量吨）来计算，这种方式用“W ”表示。运费也可以按尺码吨来计算，用“M ”表示。 3. 对于贵重物品，按商品估价的一定百分比收取从价运费，这种方式用“Ad V al.”表示。 4. 航空运费的性质是运费只适用于从一机场到另一机场（单程），且只是运费，不包括其他额外费用， 如报关和仓储费用等。 5. 规定滞期费和速遣费的目的是为了促进装卸任务的及时完成。 6. 提单代表货物的所有权。 7. The freight is roughly based on weight and destination. 8. As we are in urgent need of the goods, please ship the goods immediately upon receipt of the L/C. 9. Under FOB, instead of the seller, it is the buyer who will arrange for the shipping space. 10. We await your shipping instructions. Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11
题目：商务英语函电对外贸易中的作用 国贸系1006班 姓名：李程 题目：商务英语函电对外贸易中的作用 【简要】 在加入世界贸易组织，成功申办奥运会之后，我国的国际地位明 显增强。随着世界经济一体化进程的加快，国际贸易的飞速发展，我国的对外贸易在总体经济中所占的比重越来越大。商务英语函电作为对外贸易的载体，它的发展与更新有效的促进了对外贸易的发展。随着经济的全球化，国际间贸易合作的加强，商务英语函电为各个企业迅速、准确、细致地传递着各方所需信息。商务英语函电的发展极大地解决了供给与需求方信息不对称的弊端，使得各方的有效信能够及时的传递在世界的每一个角落，在各国各企业之间建立了无数沟通的桥梁，给各个企业带来了更多的洽谈商机。 目录 一丶新形式下商务英语函电的特点 (1) <1）具有明显的法律特征 (1) <2）文体的正规性 (1) <3）受文化因素影响 (1) <4）函电格式逐步创新 (2) 二丶商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 （1）商务英语函电是企业取得信息的窗口 (2) （2）节约对外贸易中的成本，提高工作效率 (3) （3）便于与合作方的结识与联系，搭建沟通桥梁 (3) （4）对外贸易经济增长的支撑点 (4) （5）加快了贸易全球化的进程 (4) （6）三丶结语 (4) 一形式下商务英语函电的特点 1.1具有明显的法律特征 在市场经济时代，法律是约束人们经济行为的重要准绳。随着 国际往来的日益繁密，国际贸易程度的日益加深，法律的规范成为 人们自我保护的重要工具。商务英语函电是对外贸易活动中必不可 少的工具之一，并且能够有效记录各方在国际贸易的行为，具有突 出的法律特征及一定的法律效力。一旦在对外贸易中出现了纠纷， 商务英语函电即可成为双方联系中的证据。商务英语函电的内容必 须要符合中国的法律法规，而且要遵从贸易合作方国家的经贸制 度。商务英语函电的术语则要遵循国际惯例和法律法规，即内容与 表达形式能够得到国际的认可。 1.2文体的正规性 由于商务函电涉及进出口业务，而且在函电的撰写过程中要
国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2312636138.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,
BEC商务英语初级写作精选范文 为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理了BEC商务英语初级写作范文,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 BEC商务英语初级写作范文1 向老客户推销新产品 Dear Sirs, I enclose an illustrated supplement to our catalogue.It covers the latest ?designs? which are now available from stock. We are most gratified that you have,for several years,included a selection of our products in your mail-order catalogues.The resulting sales have been very steady.? We believe that we will find our new designs most attractive.They should get a very good reception in your market. Once you have had time to study the supplement,please let us know if you would like to take the matter further.We would be very happy to send samples to you for closer inspection.
For your information,we are planning a range of classical English dinner services which should do well in the North American market. We will keep you informed on our progress and look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Peter BEC商务英语初级写作范文2 为商贸指南征集广告 Thank you for your business. You are currently represented in our directory.This is the only directory of its kind which reaches all companies in the building and construction industry in the UK.Advertising in our directory was a wise move on your part.We are currently compiling a new edition of the directory,which will be published in April 20XX.The new edition will be expanded to include major manufacturers of plumbing equipment in the European Community.For proper coverage in the directory,you ought to appear in more than one category.If you do opt for a multiple listing,you will be able to buy space in additional categories at half price.You can be assured that
商务英语写作 外贸函电的模板 外贸函电是我们建立对外贸易关系和外贸往来的重要手段。我们将依次给大家介绍一些外贸函电格式样板，供大家参考。 1、请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22 Street Omaha 8, Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan, and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, we are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations. If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰阿里斯托鞋类公司知悉贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。
盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。烦请早日赐复。 此致 2、回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us. 本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。谨遵要求另函奉上最新之出口商品目录和报价单。款项烦请以不可撤销保兑之信用证支付。如欲订货，请电传或传真为盼。
Unit 9 职场 Background Knowledge I. Career Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual’s ―course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life)‖. As of 2006, the word usually only pertains to one’s remunerative work (and sometimes also formal education). A career is traditionally seen as a course of successive situations that make up a person's worklife. One can have a sporting career or a musical career without being a professional athlete or musician, but most frequently "career" in the 20th century referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned one's money. It tended to look only at the past. As the idea of personal choice and self direction picks up in the 21st century, aided by the power of the Internet and the increased acceptance of people having multiple kinds of work, the idea of a career is shifting from a closed set of achievements, like a chronological résumé of past jobs, to a defined set of pursuits looking forward. In its broadest sense, career refers to an individual’s work and life roles over their lifespan. In the relatively static societies before modernism, many workers would often inherit or take up a single lifelong position (a place or role) in the workforce, and the concept of an unfolding career had little or no meaning. With the spread during the Enlightenment of the idea of progress and of the habits of individualist self-betterment, careers became possible, if not expected. II. Career Assessment Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Career Assessments can help individuals identify and better articulate their unique interests, values, and skills. Career counselors, executive coaches, career development centers, and outplacement companies often administer career assessments to help individuals focus their search on careers that closely match their unique personal profile. Career counseling advisors assess people's interests, personality, values and skills, and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional schools. Career counseling provides one-on-one or group professional assistance in exploration and decision making tasks related to choosing a major/occupation, transitioning into the world of work or further professional training. The field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development. By the late 20th century a plethora of choices (especially in the range of potential professions) and more widespread education had allowed it to become fashionable to plan (or design) a career: in this respect the careers of the career counsellor and of the career advisor have grown up. It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th/early 21st centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus, professional identities have