一、语法和词汇
1、被动语态
①We shall put off the meeting till Friday.
The meeting will be put off till Friday.
②Not until 1989 was he set free.
③I’m glad to be allowed to visit your school.
④He was robbed of wallet last night.
2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则、不规则变化
①程度相等：He is as busy as before.
②程度不相等：It is not so (as) cold today as yesterday.
③……许多：far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, much.
④越…越…：The more, the better.
⑤最高级：The Yangtze is the longest river in China.
3、介词
①at表示某一时间点，地点（小）arrive at airport
②in表示某一时间段，地点（大）arrive in HK
③on表示某一天，星期几，在…之上，arrive on Friday
④between（两个之间）与among（三个以上之间）
⑤for所朝向的目标，leave for HK（去香港）
⑥from…to…，从…到…，from9AM to 5 PM
⑦by后面不加冠词/完成时的标志，by air, by bus
By the time I got there, the film had already begun.
I have been teaching for 10 years/since 1990.
4、情态公司
①can. Two eyes. can see more than one.
They cannot have gone out because the light’s on. You can go now.
②may. May I ask you a question?/He may have seen the movie.
③must. We must leave now./ She must have made a mistake.
④ought. You ought to take his advice.
When I got there, the film had already begun, I ought to have got there earlier.
⑤need. You needn’t tell him.
⑥dare. How dare they do such a thing?
⑦should. He should learn how to drive./ He should have been there earlier.
5、定语似句
①关系代词：Which, who, whom, whose, that的用法
②关系副词：when, why, how
That is the reason why I am not taking your advice.
③介词+which/whom(仅有的两个)
The girl to whom you speak is my sister.
④非限制性定语从句：I have three types of pens in my box, each of them writes smoothly.
6、倒装句
①否定词在句首：Not until he told me the news, did I know he was killed lastnight.
②only 在句首：Only after class was he allowed to go.
③so, nor, neither 在句首：The first one wasn’t good enough and neither wasthe second.
④虚拟语气中：Had they not working so hard, they wouldn’t have succeeded.
Had we made up our mind, we might have succeeded.
If I were you, I would consider it.
7、虚拟语气：表示建议、命令、重要性等句子中使用，如suggest/insist/order/propose/require+should+动词原形，should常被
省略，这些词的名词、形容词形式也一样，如
They suggest that he not smoke here.
Their suggestion was we all join the party. It’s important that we do it.
8、强调句：It+is/was（仅此两种）+that/who（人）/which（有时）
9、as的用法（下册P21-26）
10、一致原则、就近原则（下册P73-75）
11、虚所语气（续）（下册P233-P236）
二、英汉互译
1、我们拥有大量的自然资源
We have plenty of natural resources.
2、Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the porson.The jore seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitude towards leisure as well as academic word will be encouraged. (P162)
3、他在纠正学生错误时总是采取积极的态度
He always takes positive attitude to correct the students’ mistakes.
4、他的肤色与他是否是个律师无关
His color of skin is not relevant to whether his is a good lawyer or not.
5、Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours every day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.(P175)
6、他同现代生活不合板。He is out of step with modern life.
7、Self-esteems is what people think about themselves-whether or not they feel valued-and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to tope with the everyday problems of growing up.(P225)
8、每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。
Everybody should be concerned about the future of his own country.
9、What we dream at, night isn’t as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams. The more people, the better we feel.
Our sleep influences our mood. Our mood, in turn, affects our performance. And throughout the day, our levels of mood and performance remain closely linked. (P308)
10、广义上说，任何人做的工作都对社会有益。
In a broad sense, the work that anyone does is of social value.
11、在商业社会里信息对每个人都有用。
Information is of great value to everyone in the business world.
12、门被档住了，有什么东西档在那儿。
The door was blocked; there was something in the way.
13、他们昨天来看你时，你在干什么？
What were you doing when they came to see you yesterday?
14、他通过努力工作赢得了许多人的尊敬。
He earned many people respect by working hard.
15、没有你的帮助，我们举取是如此巨大的成功。
Without your help, we wouldn’t have so great a success.
三、其他练习
1、I would rather stay at home than go out.
2、oneself education
3、I go upstairs instead of taking the life.
4、I couldn’t help laughing
5、I spend 10 yuan on the bood.
6、Spend some time/have trouble/be busy(in)(doing)sth.
7、apply for 申请application，申请表格
apply to 应用applicant 申请人
8、I remember being paid 我记得已经收了钱。
9、I remember to pay. 我记得要去给钱的。（但并未给）
Reading comprehension(阅读理解)
Passage 1.
Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional(营养的)treatment, for your child For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don’t scold her if she doesn’t eat everything on her plate. If she’s eaten everything and wants more, give her only tiny additional portions. Never insist that she eats everything on her Plate. Remain, to the best of your ability, calm, unconcerned and indifferent to her habit of slowly picking away at her food. Instead, enjoy your own food, and pay no attention to her. Then, after about, say, 30 minutes, very calmly pick up al the plates and other crockery（陶器）from the table. Mealtime is over. Maybe your child will complain that she isn’t finished yet. Pay her no heed. But do say, for example: that’s the way it’s got to be. We can’t stay at the table too long eating. Sorry, if you’re still hungry, you’ll just have to wait until lunch time, or whatever the next meal is.
31、According to the passage, meals should be a sort of treat. “treat” means D .
A. banquet
B. mismanage
C. refreshments
D. enjoyment
32. If your child doesn’t eat everything on her plate, D .
A. 4rinsist that she eats everything on her plat
B. give her only very small portion
C. give her the sort of food she really enjoys.
D. don’t scold de
33. Mealtime is over, but she isn’t finished yet, as her mother, you should D .
A. enjoy your own food
B. pick up all the plates
C. pay no attention to her
D. very calmly pick up the plates and crockery 30 minutes later
34. The word “heed” here means D .
A. neglect
B. care
C. caution
D. attention
35. The passage mainly implies A .
A. let the child enjoy her food
B. give everything the child wants
C. meals is a nutritional treatment
D. pay attention to the children’s food
Passage 2
In order to lean a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication, the mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language leaner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it ”to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by “interacting” with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I’ll do it”. The resulting discrepancy(分歧)car serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of sing the present thence in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.
36. According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because A .
A. communication is the primary goal of language learning
B. native speakers will ignore their mistakes
C. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language.
D. native speakers like foreign students who try to lean their language
37. According to the passage, the present tense in English is C
A. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention
B. basically the same as it is in Spanish
C. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future
D. not the most difficult problem for foreign students
38. The author thinks that language reamers can reduce the number of their mistakes by D .
A. asking native speakers for explanation
B. reading good books in the foreign language
C. speaking without regard to native speakers
D. comparing their speech with what of native speakers
39. The passage implies that foreign language students who not interact with native speakers will not A .
A. latke advantage of available language models
B. learn very much about the foreign culture
C. learn about the history of the foreign language
D. how to worry about making mistakes.
40. The author’s major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that D .
A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning language
B. leaders are often very afraid of making mistakes.
C. mistakes do not interfere with communication
D. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language.
Passage 3
The students who enter a course with the best maids in qualifying examinations are not necessarily those who achieve the highest grades at college. Remember that the set work(assignments or homework) is not all that you should be doing. You must extend yourself. See that you are playing your part in trying to develop an active interest in the work.
If, soon after starting a course of study, you find the work uninteresting or not what you expected, or mush too difficult, then perhaps you should be doing something else instead. However, do not give up too easily. Talk to your academic adviser or personal tutor, who will have down other students with similar problems and may reassure you or offer advice. If you wish to change to another course, there will be a time limit for doing so. Obviously, it is best if you miss no classes and the beginning of a course is especially important. The later you join a class the harder it will be fit in and to cope with the work.
1. A qualifying examination is one C .
A. taken during a course is studied
B. taken after a course is finished
C. taken before cantering a course
D. for those who want to enter collage
2. In saying “you must extend yourself”, the writer means D
A. you must take as many courses as you can
B. you must develop an interest in all kinds of activities
C. you must enter a course that may bring about a good result
D. you must take an active attitude towards your course study
3. The phrase “play part in” here refers A
A. make a contribution
B. be concerned in
C. join in
D. share
4. Soon after starting a course of study, a student find the work uninteresting, or not what he expected, or much too difficult, then he should B
A. do something else instead
B. talk to his academic adviser for advisor
C. give up
D. change another course
5. The author seems to encourage us to D
A. help others with courses they choose
B. change courses within an academic year
C. miss those classes that are of no interest
D. join a class as early as possible
Passage 4
The water level of oceans rises and falls alternately twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are caused by the pull of the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface; since the moon is closer, it affects the tides more than the sun when the moon is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is below it. This causes the water level to rise because the water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon disappears over the horizon, the pull lessens and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom. When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water comes to its lowest level, we have low tide. From its lowest point, the water rises gradually for about six hours until it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches slow tide. Then the eyele begins again.
6. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? D
A. the moon and ocean
B. water levels
C. the pull of the moon and the sun
D. the moon and the tide
7. The pull of the moon on the earth’s surface is stronger that of the sun because A
A. the moon is closer to the sun
B. the moon is directly over the earth
C. the moon pulls the water away from the earth
D. the moon moves around the earth
8. Water level reaches its low point when D
A. the moon is hidden by clouds
B. the moon’s affect is indirect
C. the sun is overhead
D. the moon movers far away
9. High tide occurs D
A. every 6 hours
B. every 24 hours
C. every 18 hours
D. every 12 hours
10. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A
A. Tides are the result of the pull of the moon and the sun
B. Weather sometimes affects tides
C. The force directly affecting the earth’s surface comes from moon only
D. The effect of the sun on the ocean water can be neglected.
Passage 5
Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage of loss. The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories or loud music or other common sounds found at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise little more than one second to be affected.
An American scientist hat found that using aspirin can increase the temporary(短暂的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He have them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as
great.
The scientist said millions of persons in the United States use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
31. Doctors have long known that A
A. one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise
B. one may not become deaf when he hears a loud noise
C. loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of young people only
D. common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear
32. This passage suggests that one’s hearing D
A. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for less than one second’
B. will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
C. will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready
D. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
33. has been used to increase the temporary hearing loss or damage from loud noise.
A. Analgin
B. Anodyne
C. Sleeping pill
D. Aspirin
34. One conclusion you can draw from this passage is that aspirin B
A. should never be taken more than four grams
B. makes hearing damage from loud noise worse
C. always increases hearing loss by two times
D. can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily
35. Why are millions of Americans in danger of suffering hearing loss? A
A. Because they take too much aspirin
B. Because they often take air trips
C. Because they like listening to loud music
D. Because they have too much loud noises at home and at work
Passage 6
There are thousands of free libraries about the country. The fact that everyone can use these libraries means that, as a whole, Americans have a greater opportunity to read than any other people in the world. Still, all is not as it should be.
It is difficult to believe, but the hard fact is that half the citizens of our country, where nearly everyone can read, do not read one book a year. An investigation of book reading showed that for a three-year period, 48 percent of the people of the United States did not read a book and 18 percent read less than four. That means that over one hundred million Americans did very little of book reading during one of the people who didn’t read books did n’t red magazines either, and sixteen million did not even read the newspaper. This is a nation to which the world looks for enlightened leadership.
36. form the first paragraph we lean that B
A. in theory Americans have more opportunities to read but in fact they don’t
B. most of Americans can use their libraries free of charge but not all of them can do so
C. not all the American libraries are free to admit. Some charge readers a great deal
D. every American has a chance to read in a library, but he does n’t actually make use of it
37. How many citizens of America do not read one book a year? A
A. Half
B. 1/
C.1/5
D. Nearly everyone
38. According to the passage, how many America did not read a book for a three-year period? D
A. 90 percent of
B. 20 percent of
C. 50 percent of
D. 48 percent of
39. How many Americans who didn’t read books didn’t read magazines either? B
A. Over twenty million
B. Over fifty million
C. Over fifteen million
D. Over sixteen million
40. What does the author call on Americans to do? A
A. Make good use of their libraries
B. Be readers before you are to be leaders.
C. Admire those who are both good readers and leaders
D. Arouse those who are indifferent toward illiteracy.
Cloze (10%)（完形填空）
Passage 1
When people treat you with love. kindness, and understanding, you develop good feelings about yourself. You have a 41 self-image. When people, mistreat, or reject you, you tend to develop bad feelings about yourself. At such times, you self-image is negative.
No 42 how you feel about yourself, there is another “you ”. This is the person you show to 43 ——you public image. People react to what they see ——to your appearance and 44 . They cannot react to you thoughts and feelings and how you really are inside.
There is also third “you”. You have 45 is called an ideal imagine. An ideal image is the person you would like to be and would like other people to see.
Your self-image, your public image, and your ideal image are pieces of the complex puzzle of personality. An integrated, or 46 , personality is the result of the long and sometimes painful process of growing up. At different stages of life, people’s identities change. 47, you probably.
Now are putting your identity as a child behind you and developing the identity of a young adult. All your previous identities will 48 to your new sense of self.
You can fit all these pieces into a satisfying whole. To do this involves effort and decision making 49 on thinking and reasoning, Remember, though, that this is not a one-time process. As with your other needs, it is ongoing, Everyone, 50 of age, is continually working toward becoming what her on his idea is of a stable, whole person.
41. A. standard B. negative C. positive D. wrong
42. A. interest B. love C. problem D. matter
43. A. others B. friends C. audiences D. people
44. A. thought B. behavior C. feeling D. understanding
45. A. what B. seen C. One D. other
46. A. all B. full C. part D. whole
47. A. for example B. in addition C. in general D. contribute
48. A. introduce B. affect C. influence D. contribute
49. A. focused B. based C. depended D. acted
50. A. regardless B. instead C. independent D. because
Passage 2
Learning goes on by adding new facts or skills to B the learner already has, Each new fact or skill is easier to add ,than any that was learned before it, Thus the more one knows about a subject the easier D to learn new things about it,. Although memory is important, study is not a D of memory only. Arithmetic problems, for instance, are mainly practice in using numbers in ways already C . Reading, spelling, and writing are skill subjects D and require practice. They are also tool subjects B which the learner can increase his knowledge. The sciences, language arts, and social studies are skill subjects only B , They also give the learner practice in understanding relationships A ideas and events, or ecause and affect.
Some facts and skills are leaned by B activities, Some are learned by watching what others do or by watching what others do or by reading about what happened, A every case one learns faster if he has a background of information from experience or study.
41. A. that B. those C. which D. these
42. A. that is B. he has C. there is D. it is
43. A. role B. work C. lot D. matter
44. A. to be learned B. being learned C. learned D. to have learned
45. A. yet B. however C. either D. too
46. A. as a result of B. in addition to C. in regard to D. by means of
47. A. in turn B. in part C. in case D. in place
48. A. between B. out of C. for D. on
49. A. taking B. giving rise to C. keeping up with D. taking advantage of
50. A. In B. On C. For D. At
Passage 3
Teaching is supposed B a professional activlty requiting long and complicated training as well as official certification. The art of teaching is 42 flow of knowledge form a higher source to an empty container. The student’s role is B of receiving information, the teacher’s role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know(and therefore not capable of being wrong)and another, usually younger person who A to know. However, teaching C the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can D guiding and assisting than forcing information through a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able 47 someone. You do not have to et certified it convey what you now to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us A the very youngest children to D members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential（潜力）as teachers. We can share what know, B little it might be , with ,someone who has need of that knowledge or skill.
41. A. having B. to be C. beingD. to have
42. A. looking upon B. looked as C. looked down as D. looked upon as
43. A. each B. one C. each other D. one another
44. A. is supposed not B. supposed C. doesn’t supposed D. suppose not
45. A. not need to be B. need not to be C. need not be D. be more like
46. A. be like B. toe like C. more like D. be more like
47. A. shared by B. to share it with C. sharing of D. share with
48. A. from B. among C. along D. since
49. A. the older B. the eldest C. the elder D. the oldest
50. A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and structure
1、environment n. 环境，周围状况
2、pursue v. 追求，追赶
3、consist of包含，包括
4、be fed up with对……感到厌烦
5、at one’s request应……的要求
6、be worth doing值得做
7、keep pace with跟上……，与……同步
9、substance n. 物质，本质
10、identify…with…把……和……等同起来
11、be responsible for 对……负责的，对……承担责任的
12、prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 比较起（后者）更喜欢（前者）
13、acceptable a. 可以接受的
14、investigate v. 调查，调查研究
15、reference n. 提及，涉及，参考
16、priority n. 优先，优先考虑
17、factor n. 因素，要素
18、profession n. 职业
19、conflict n./v. 争论，冲突
20、popular a. 普及的，流行的
21、characteristic a./n.典型的，特性
22、generally ad. 一般地，大体上
23、revolve v. 旋转，绕转
24、operate v. 运转，动手术
25、reliability n. 可靠性
26、approach v./n. 靠近，接近；方法
27、energetic a. 力的，精力旺盛的
28、feasible a. 可行的，可能的
29、frankly ad.坦白的，直率的
30、realistic a. 现实的,逼真的
31. affect vt. 影响,打动
32. basically ad. 基本上的,从根本上说
33、temptation n. 引诱,诱惑
34、observation n. 注意,观察
35、emotional a. 感情的,情绪的
36、motive n. 动机,目的
37、ensure v. 保证,担保
38、hobby n. 业余爱好
39、purchase vt./n. 买,购买的物品
40、household n. 家庭,户
41、society n. 社会
42、ignore vt. 不顾,忽视
43、provided conj. 假如,若是44、commercially ad. 商业地,商务地
45、recognize v. 认出,承认
46、focus n. 焦点，（注意的）中心
47、educational a. 教育的
48、remote a. 遥远的
49、contact n./vt. 接触，联系
50、entertainment n. 娱乐
51、editor n.编辑，编者
52、magnificent.壮丽的,宏伟的
53、occasionally ad.偶然地,间或
54、deprive v. 剥夺,使丧失
55、interrupt v.打断，打扰
56、advanced a. 先进的，高级的
57、mainly ad. 主要地，大部分地
58、regard vt./n.考虑；重视，关心
59、headline n.大字标题；新闻提要
60、recover v. 恢复，痊愈；重新获得
61、tough a.. 强壮的；粗暴的；困难的
62、domestic a. 家庭的；国内的
63、discard vt.丢弃，抛弃
64、beneficial a. 有益的，有利的
65、stress n./vt. 压力；重音；强调
66、overcome v. 战胜
67、casually ad.随意地；漫不经心地
68、intention n. 意图；打算
69、threaten vt. 威胁；预示
70、potential a. 潜在的，可能的
71、supreme a. 最高的，极度的
72、usage n. 惯用法
73、impression n. 印象
74、boring a. 枯燥的，无趣的
75、aware a. 意识到的
75、rude a. 粗鲁的
77、peculiar a. 特殊的
78、decade n. 十年
79、quotation n. 引文
80、survival n. 幸存
81、wander vi. 漫游
82、effectively ad. 有效果地
83、collection n. 收集
84、smoker n. 吸烟者
85、lung n. 肺
Ⅱ. Word form
1、Don’t you see him _coming___ (come) towards us?
2、Have you any difficulty _in _analyzing__ (analyze) the sentence?
3、Every boy and girl ___ treat ___ (treat) in the same way.
4、He stood there with his hands___ crossing ___ (cross) before him.
5、Lu Xun ___was known____(know) as a great writer and was respected by many people.
6、It is essential that every child_ _has_____ (have) the same educational opportunities.
7、It rained__continually (continual) the whole day yesterday.
8、When she arrived, I __had __ waited____ (wait) for three hours.
9、She was annoyed _ignoring_ (ignore).
10、He left his hometown to look for___ employment____ (employ) in a big city.
11、Five planes attacked (attack) three coastal village on the island.
12、They are working hard to__industry ( industry ) their country.
13、He was _ strongly _(strong) criticized for being so careless in work.
14、She ___was_____ (be) alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.
15、He ___flied__ (fly) to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam last week.
16、You must all take the example. I can make no__ exception ___(except).
17、I’m sorry you will be__ separated__(separate) from her.
18、She finally_concluded__(conclusion) that she would try to get a job in a store.
19、We must hurry off lest we__will _ miss __(miss) the train.
20、__Does__ (do) it __make __(make) sense to let little children play with matches?
21、How useful would a library be if the books __keep_ (keep) in random order?
22、The patient has made__repeated _(repeat) requests for euthanasia.
23、Most__divorcing__(divorce) people will soon remarry.
24、These shop windows will be used for displaying (display) summer clothes.
25、The atmosphere protects us from the sun’s _deading ___ (dead) rays.
26、It is well known that smoking is _harm __ (harm) to one’s health.
27、His wife asked him to give up smoking because she _objected _ (object) to the smell of it.
28、The companies have to pay (pay) off their old loans before allowing new ones.
29、He offered __finding _ (find) a job for me.
30、The tacks given by the heroes from the Chinese people’s Liberation Army are both exciting and instructing (instruct)
31、The students listened to the class with __concentration__ (concentrate).
32、_experienced__ (experience) diamond miners can tell a diamond immediately.
33、Some students refuse __to _ hear __ (hear) the time message.
34、Despite technical progress, agricultural production still depending (depend) on the climate.
35、The doctor gave a very favorite (favorite) report on his health.
36、The two new hotels under constructed (construct) near here are in a foreign style.
37、She is a nervous and excitable teacher and is considered stabling (stable) enough to continue with her work
38、I normally (normal) go to bed at 11:00 p.m.
39、Other adverbs of frequence (frequent) are continually.
40、The engineer was very angry because the design given to him was a fault (fault) one.
Ⅲ. Cloze test
Passage 1
We do not know 1 how _ the first fire was made. Early fires on earth were certainly caused by nature, not by man. 2_ Some were caused by lighting in a storm; 3 others _ , perhaps, by the hot material from a volcano. Quite possible, at times, the heat of the sun set light to some dry grass or leaves. At first，man, like other animals, was probably afraid 4_of fire. He saw that fire 5 could destroy a forest; he knew that fire could hurt his body. 6 So great was the power of fire that he feared it and worshipped it. Gradually, 7 however ，with his better powers of thinking, he overcame his fear. Probably he overcame most of his fear when he discovered how to make fire for himself, but undoubtedly, he learned some of the uses of fire 8 before he could make one when and where he wished. 9 During the ages he has learned more about fire, how to control it, and how to use it in many ways. Now fire is 10 no longer a master of a god; it is a servant.
1. A. why B. how C. What D. that
2. A. Some B. Any C. A little D. Few
3. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others
4. A. in B. out of C. of D. from
5. A. might as well B. must C. should D. could
6. A. So B. Such C. Too D. Rather
7. A. therefore B. though C. more over D. however
8. A. till B. before C. after D. since
9. A. During B. All over C. Throughout D. For
10. A. less more B. hardly more C. any longer D no longer
Passage 2
When children were born, my wife Nancy gave up her job to look after them. A year ago, Nancy and I decided to change roles. Nancy was beginning to get 1 boring at home all day. I was working hard at the time, 2 but I didn’t enjoy my job. Most of all, I hated travelling to work in the rush hour every day. I thought Nancy was the lucky one; she 3 can organize her day in her own way---- she didn’t have a boss 4 telling her what to do. But I didn’t think of exchanging roles with her 5 until she applied (申请) for a job. She got the job, at a salary (薪金) higher than mine. It seemed sensible for her 6 to take it and for me to stay at home.
At first I really enjoyed staying at home and 7 being with the children. I now understand my children better through 8 spending so much time with them. But I must 9 admit , I do find housework very boring. Most of my friends are at work all day, so I often don’t have 10 an adult conversation with anyone until Nancy comes home!
1. A. boring B. bored C. boredom D. tired
2. A. but B. and C. so D. also
3. A. can B. must C. had to D. could
4. A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told
5. A. until B. when C. while D. as
6. A. taking B. to take C. accept D. to receive
7. A. to be B. be C. being D. was
8. A. spend B. spent C. to spend D. spending
9. A. to admit B. admit C. admitting D. admitted
10. A. the B. an C. a D that
Passage 3
A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper for a boy to work in his office. Out of nearly fifty persons who came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed the 1 others .
"I should like to know," said a friend, "the reason you 2 prefer that boy, who brought not a single letter, 3 nor a single recommendation(介绍信)."
"You are wrong," said the gentleman. "He had a great 4 many . He wiped his feet at the door and closed the door behind after him, 5 showing that he was careful. He gave his seat immediately to that old man, showing that he was kind and 6 mindful . He took off his cap when he came in and 7 answered my questions promptly(敏捷地), showing 8 that he was polite and gentlemanly." "All the rest stepped over the book which I had purposely (故意地) put 9 on the floor. He picked it up and placed it on the table; and he waited 10 quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding. When I talked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his neatly brushed hair and his clean fingernails. Can' t you see that these things are excellent recommendations? I consider them more significant than letters."
1. A. other B. another C. others D. another’s
2. A. preferred B. prefer C. are preferring D. prefer
3. A. and B. not C. no D. nor
4. A. much B. more C. most D. many
5. A. showing B. shows C. showed D. shown
6. A. thoughtless B. thoughtful C. mindless D. mindful
7. A. answering B. answer C. answered D. to answer
8. A. what B. which C. this D. that
9. A. on B. over C. to D. down
10. A. noisily B. voicelessly C. quietly D. eagerly
Passage 4
These days I don’t watch televi sion, 1 but a few years ago I 2 used to watch it every night. I was often 3 more tired in the evenings and there are few forms of entertainment that 4 demand as 5 great effort as television. 6 Unfortunately, there are a large number of people in my family, some wanted to watch one program 7 while others preferred another. I was happy to look at any program, but the others spent a great deal of time arguing each night and there was no way of 8 settling the matter except 9 for selling the set. Now everyone at home reads 10 instead .
1. A. since B. but C. before D. moreover
2. A. used B. began C. decided D. had
3. A. a little of B. a bit of C. a little D. more
4. A. d emands B. requires C. demand D. do
5. A. f ew B. great C. little D. much
6. A. U nfortunate B. Luckily C. Fortunately D. Unfortunately
7. A. a nd B. while C. in spite of D. regardless of
8. A. b eing settled B. concluding C. dealing D. settling
9. A. f or B. with C. of D. by
10. A. instead of B. instead C. in return D. for return
Ⅳ. Reading comprehension
Passage 1
A person who is able to operate a machine, prepare a financial statement, program a computer, or pass a football has a technical skill. That is, he or she is able to perform the mechanics of a particular job. Managers such as production supervisors must often understand a technical skills well enough to train workers in their jobs. In certain companies, executives without technical skills can manage non-production workers who have technical skills in programming, engineering, or accounting. But even here, most managers have to have some technical skills ---such as scheduling techniques and the ability to read computer printouts.
Technical skills are sometimes not readily transferable from one industry to another, whereas general management skills can often be applied to a wide range of industries. If you’re trained to operate textile-cutting machines, you probably would be unable to use your skills in the restaurant business. If you’re an executive who runs a garment business, however, you might be able to use your general management skills in different enterprises.
1. Which of the following does not seem to be a technical skill? (A)
A. Managing non-production workers.
B. Programming a computer.
C. Preparing a financial statement.
D. Operating a textile-cutting machine.
2. The first paragraph is mainly about ___(B)____ .
A. a person who has a technical skill
B. the definition of a technical skill
C. managers such as production supervisors
D. how to operate a machine
3. In the writer’s opinion, ___(C)____ .
A. technical skills are more important than management skills
B. technical skills are complex than management skills
C. it is necessary for managers to learn some technical skills.
D. it is difficult for managers to learn technical skills
4. General management skills__(B)___.
A. can be learned but not be taught at a technical school
B. are used by general managers in different ways
C. can be applied to different enterprises
D. are not readily transferable from one industry to another
5. The best title for this passage would be__(C)____.
A. Importance of Technical Skills
B. Managers and Their Business Skills
C. Technical Skills and Management Skills
D. How One Skill Is Transferred to Another
Passage 2
The students who enter a course with the best marks in qualifying examinations are not necessarily those who achieve the highest grades at college. Remember that the set work (assignments or homework) is not all that you should be doing. You must extend yourself: see that you are playing your part in trying to develop an active interest in the work.
If, soon after starting a course of study, you find the work uninteresting, or not what you expected, or much too difficult, then perhaps you should be doing something else instead. However, do not give up too easily. Talk to your academic adviser or personal tutor, who will have known other students with similar problems and may reassure you or offer advice. If you wish to change to another course, there will be a limit for doing so. Obviously, it is best if you miss no classes and the beginning of a course is especially important. The later you join a class, the harder it will be to fit in and to cope with the work.
1. A qualifying examination is one __(D)____.
A. taken before entering a course
B. taken during a course is studied
C. taken after a course is finished
D. for those who want to enter college
2. In saying “you must extend yourself”, the writer means___(A)___.
A. you must take an active attitude towards your course study
B. you must take as many courses as you can
C. you must develop an interest in all kinds of activities
D. you must enter a course that may bring about a good result
3. The phrase “play part in ” in line 4 refers__(B)____.
A. be concerned in
B. make a contribution
C. join in
D. share
4. Soon after starting a course of study, a student finds the work uninteresting, or not what he expected, or much too difficult, then he should ___(C)___.
A. do something else instead
B. give up
C. talk to his academic adviser for advice
D. change another course
5. The author seems to encourage us to ____(A)__.
A. help others with courses they choose
B. change courses within an academic year
C. join a class as early as possible
D. miss those classes that are of no interest
Passage 3
How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations--- the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
1. According to the writer, “words” are___(C)___ .
A. letters
B. meanings
C. sounds
D. associations
2. Letters here refer to___(B)__.
A. written message
B. signs representing sounds
C. literature and learning
D. words
3. What is the origin of language? (C)
A. What needed to be written down .
B. A matter that is hidden or secret.
C. An unanswerable question.
D. An action needed describing.
4. What does the real power of words exist in? (A)
A. Sounds and letters.
B. Characteristics.
C. Thoughts and feelings.
D. Representative function.
5. Words become filled with meaning by (C)
A. reading
B. recalling
C. experience
D. associations
Passage 4
Banks were developed to keep people’s money safe and to make it available when they needed it. Since money was invented, peop le have been borrowing and lending it.
A modern bank accepts people's money for safe-keeping. It also lends money and offers many other services. The experience of a businessman will show some of these. James Jones has a furniture store and buys his goods from different parts of the country. It isn't convenient for him to send money through the mail, so he goes to the bank and opens a checking account. He puts his money in the bank regularly, and the bank keeps it until he writes checks for that amount. When Mr. Jones orders furniture from the Modern Furniture Company in another city, he simply writes a check. This check is as good as money to the owner of the company. The owner can take it to his bank and cash it, that is, he can get money for it.
Now and then Mr. Jones deposits money in savings account at the bank. The bank then uses this money and pays him a certain percentage on each dollar every year. For example, if he deposits $1000 and the bank pays him 4 percent, he will have earned $ 40 by the end of the year. This payment is called interest.
Mr. Jones gets still other services from the bank. When he travels, he buys traveler' s checks from the bank instead of carrying money with him. And he can rent a safe-deposit box in the bank for his valuable papers and articles.
It's hard to imagine that people could do business without the services of a bank.
1. A modern bank offers the following services except ___(C)_ _ .
A. keeping people's money safe
B. lending money to businessmen
C. putting its money in other banks
D. cashing the customer’s check
2. The savings account helps Mr. Jones __(A)_ __.
A. put aside his money and earn some interest
B. write a check and cash it at another bank
C. keep his money from being aid to others
D. pay the bank a certain amount of money at the end of the year
3. Traveler’s checks ___ (D) _ _.
A. are money carried by the people who travel
B. permit travelers to go abroad
C. are used for investment in business
D. are one of the services provided by the bank
4. To cash a check means to __(B)__.
A. buy it from the bank
B. get money for it
C. return it to the bank
D. ask the bank to keep it
5. The purpose of depositing money in a savings account at the bank is __(A)_ _.
A. to earn some interest
B. to buy traveler’s checks
C. to write a check
D. to borrow money from the bank
Passage 5
According to the census(人口调查) of 1800, the United States of America contained 5,308,483 persons. In the same year the British Islands contained upwards of fifteen million; the French Republic, more than twenty-seven million. Nearly one-fifth of the American people were black slaves; the true political population consisted of four and a half million free whites, or less than one million able-bodied males, on whose shoulders fell the burden of a continent. Even after two centuries of struggle the land was still untamed; forest covered every portion, except here and there a strip of cultivated soil; the minerals lay undisturbed in their rocky beds, and more than two-thirds of the people clung to the seaboard within fifty miles of tide water, where alone the wants of civilized life could be supplied.
1. The struggle to tame the American continent had been going on __ (D)_ _.
A. about fifty years
B. a little more than a century
C. since 1750
D. about two hundred years
2. Free white men in America numbered _ (C)_ _.
A. about four-fifths of the population
B. less than one million
C. about four and one-half million
D. 5,308,483
3. Two-thirds of the American people __(D)_ _.
A. lived where the wants of civilized life could not be supplied
B. lived in the west part of the country
C. lived along the seacoast
D. lived near big rivers
4. We may conclude that around 1800 the United States ___(A)__ __.
A. was sparsely populated
B. was densely populated
C. had more women than men
D. had few children
5. This description of the United States in 1800 suggests that ___(B) ____.
A. the people of the new nation had succeeded in taming the continent
B. most of the new nation was undeveloped
C. strips of cultivated land were everywhere
D. settlers were beginning to mine the valuable minerals of the new continent
Passage 6
There are thousands of free libraries about the country. The fact that everyone can use these libraries means that, as a whole, Americans have a greater opportunity to read than any other people in the world. Still, all is not as it should be.
It is difficult to believe, but the hard fact is that half the citizens of our country, where nearly everyone can read, do not read one book a year. An investigation of book reading showed that for a three-year period, 48 percent of the people of the United States did not read a book and 18 percent read less than four. That means that over one hundred million Americans did very little of book reading during one of the most crucial periods in our history. The investigation also showed that over half of the people who didn't read books didn't read magazines either, and sixteen million did not even read the newspaper. This is a nation to which the world looks for enlightened leadership.
1. From the first paragraph we learn that ___(A)_ __.
A. every American has a chance to read in a library, but he doesn't actually make use of it
B. in theory Americans have more opportunities to read but in fact they don't
C. most of Americans can use their libraries free of charge but not all of them can do so
D. not all the American libraries are free to admit, some charge readers a great deal
2. How many citizens of America do not read one book a year? (C)
A. 1/3.
B. 1/5.
C. Half.
D. Nearly everyone.
3. According to the passage, how many Americans did not read a book for a three-year period? (B)
A. 90 percent of.
B. 48 percent of.
C. 50 percent of.
D. 20 percent of.
4. How many Americans who didn't read books didn't read magazines either? (B)
A. Over twenty million.
B. Over fifteen million.
C. Over sixteen million.
D. Over fifty million.
5. What does the author call on Americans to do? (D)
A. Be readers before you are to be leaders.
B. Admire those who are both good readers and leaders.
C. Arouse those who are indifferent toward illiteracy.
D. Make good use of their libraries.
Passage 7
The water level of oceans rises and falls alternately twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are caused by the pull of the sun and the moon on the earth's surface; since the moon is closer, it affects the tides more than the sun. When the moon is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is below it. This causes the water level to rise because the water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon disappears over the horizon, the pull lessens and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom.. When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water comes to its lowest level, we have low tide. From its lowest point, the water rises gradually for about six hours until it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches low tide. Then the cycle begins again.
1. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? (B)
A. The Moon and Ocean
B. The Moon and the Tide
C. Water Levels
D. The Pull of the Moon and the Sun
2. The pull of the moon on the earth's surface is stronger than that of the sun because ____(C)_______.
A. the moon is directly over the earth
B. the moon pulls the water away from the earth
C. the moon is closer to the earth
D. the moon moves around the earth
3. Water level reaches its low point when _________(C)______ __.
A. the moon is hidden by clouds
B. the moon's effect is indirect
C. the moon moves far away
D. the sun is overhead
4. High tide occurs ___(A)_ _.
A. every 12 hours
B. every 6 hours
C. every 24 hours
D. every 18 hours
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? (D)
A. Weather sometimes affects tides.
B. The force directly affecting the earth's surface comes from the moon only.
C. The effect of the sun on the ocean water can be neglected.
D. Tides are the result of the pull of the moon and the sun.
Passage 8
The movement for black civil rights grew larger and more popular. In August 1963, 250,000 people attended a peaceful demonstration in Washington, D. C.. It was the largest demonstration in the history of the U. S. until then. At the demonstration, Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a Dream" speech. In the speech, he demanded justice for black people and described the United States of his dream, a country where blacks and whites would be equal and where one day blacks and whites would live in peace together. The speech made Dr. King famous in the U. S. and all over the world. Black people began to accept him as their national leader. Moderate white people finally understood the need for change and began to support his demands for equal rights for all citizens regardless of their race. In 1964, Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the nonviolent (不诉诸暴力的) struggle for equal rights.
In the next few years, Dr. King continued to protest against the treatment of blacks in the U. S.. The protests led to a number of changes in the law, changes which showed that the government finally was serious about equal rights for everyone. In 1963, the federal government used soldiers to register black students at the segregated (实行种族隔离政策的) University of Alabama. In 1964, the first Civil Rights Act was passed. It gave the federal government the power to end segregation everywhere. In 1965, the V oting Rights Act gave the government the power to register black voters. In 1968, the second Civil Rights Act made discrimination in housing and employment illegal.
1. What is the best title for the passage? (A)
A. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize Winner.
B. Martin Luther King, Advocate of Violence.
C. The Need to Change Discriminatory Laws.
D. The Effectiveness of Nonviolent Methods Advocated by Martin Luther King.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. King continued his nonviolent methods because ___ (A)__ __.
A. they were effective
B. they were legal in Washington, D.
C.
C. most people were afraid of violence
D. most people believed that he would receive the Nobel Peace Prize
3. According to the passage, as a consequence of his protests, Dr. King became ___(C)__ __.
A. disappointed at his efforts
B. peaceful in his strategy(兵法；策略)
C. famous in the world
D. successful in his professional career
4. According to the passage, In 1963 the federal government _____(B)__ __.
A. began to admit black people into its army
B. allowed black students to enter University of Alabama
C. ordered black soldiers to go to University of Alabama
D. gave the American blacks equal rights in employment
5. The word "discrimination" in the last sentence of the passage means _(B)__.
A. equal fights
B. treating differently
C. racial segregation
D. registering black people
Passage 9
If you encounter a difficulty in your studies, first try to sort things out for yourself. For example, think about the problem, look at your lecture notes on the subject and at appropriate parts of textbooks and other sources of information. Ask other students to see if they can explain. Take opportunities to ask questions in class, particularly in tutorial and practical classes.
Most lecturers ask for questions in the last minutes of a lecture, and are pleased to speak to students privately immediately after a class--either to deal with any minor difficulty quickly or to arrange an appointment at a mutually convenient time. Similarly, other members of the academic staff are likely to be available for consultation in their office during normal working hours. With experience
you will find when is the best time to call or, if necessary, how to make an appointment. You should feel able to ask your academic adviser or tutor, or any other member of the academic staff whom you find helpful and sympathetic, for helping with any study problem, or with any personal problem that could stand in the way of effective study.
1. What does the phrase "sort...out" mean in the first sentence? (D)
A. arrange in groups
B. separate things of one sort from things of other sorts
C. put in good order
D. solve
2. When you encounter a difficulty in your studies, you shouldn’t ___(B)__ _.
A. look at lecture notes
B. take a laissez-faire attitude/give up
C. look at other sources of information
D. ask questions in class
3. The students had better not ask questions ___(C)_ ____.
A. during a lecture
B. after a class
C. to other teachers in their office during normal working hours
D. at a mutually convenient time
4. What does the word "tutor" mean in the passage? (C)
A. private teacher
B. school master
C. the teacher who guides the studies of a number of students
D. coach
5. In the passage the author advises you __ (C)_ __ in your effective study.
A. ask other students for help
B. ask questions in tutorial classes
C. ask academic adviser on tutor for help with any personal problem
D. solve the problems of studies for yourself
Passage 10
The golden rule for good writing is not a rule of grammar. It is true that there are rules of grammar, as in music there are rules of harmony, and that they are important, but one can no more write good English merely by keeping these rules than one can compose good music. The golden rule for good writing concerns not merely the arrangement of words but the choice of them. Only the right words can convey the right meaning: the secret is to pick those words and to use them only. For the “right” words h ave a happy knack (a clever way) of arranging themselves for you. But, first, you must have something to say. Mathew Arnold once said: “Have something to say and say it as clearly as you can. That is the only secret of style.” There is much truth in those word s, especially in relation to the sort of writing where emotional appeal plays a part. We can turn to the member of the staff of the General Post Office who by composing the notice—“Postal officials are neither bound to give change nor authorized to demand it.”—used thirteen words hardly less efficiently to warn customers of what must have often been a difficult situation. Every words is exactly right: no other word would do as well; each is pulling its weight; none could be dispensed with. As was said of Milton’s prose—“Fewer words not have served the true, more would have been superfluous.”
1. The author’s purpose is to persuade us that in order to write well, we should (D) .
A. study carefully the style of writing
B. know the rules of grammar well
C. watch the arrangements of words in our sentences
D. know what we want to say and choose the right words
2. The word “superfluous” in Milton’s prose is closest in meaning to (D) .
A. essential
B. adequate
C. out of place
D. more than is needed
3. One cannot compose good music if he (C) .
A. knows as many rules of harmony as those of grammar
B. knows the rules well
C. merely sticks to the rules
D. cannot choose the right rules and words
4. The author mentions the unknown official as example because (C) .
A. everyone uses the post office
B. he wants to make fun of the post office
C. he believes it can support his view
D. he chooses it at random
5. According to the post office notice in the passage, a customer (A)
A. can expect to be turned away if he offers a pound for a shilling telegram
B. can give an official a ten pound note for one pound stamps and expect change
C. will be given change if it is convenient
D. with insufficient money to pay for what he wants may expect to be given credit
Passage 11
In small towns and big cities, children with na mes like Oswaldo’Suong, Boris or Ngam are swelling the name lists in U.S. public schools, sitting side by side with Dick and Jane. Immigration in the 1980s brought about 9 million foreign—born people to the United States, slightly more than the great wave of 8.8 million immigrants that came between 1901 and 1910. As a result at least 5 percent of the children have limited ability in English. In seven states including Colorado, New Mexico, New York and Texas, 25 percent or more of the students are not native—English speakers. As a result, says Eugene Garcia, a professor of the University of California, “there is no education topic of great importance today.” How to teach in a school of so many different languages speakers? Ma ny areas respond by explaining the two—language education programs. In these classes, students are taught subjects like social studies, science and math in their native language on the theory that children must develop a firm basis in their native language before they can learn school subjects in a new language. Educators say that even with two—language education, it takes between four and seven years for a non-native to reach national levels on ordinary tests of most subject material.
1. According to the passage, in the 1980s (D) .
A.more than one fourth of the students couldn’t speak English
B.8.8 million children in the U.S. immigrant attend public schools
C.4 percent or more of the American children are not at school
D.9 million immigrants came to the United States
2. The word “swelling” (li ne 1, paragraph.1) can be replaced by (A) .
A. increasing
B. decreasing
C. spelling
D. showing
3. The sentence “there is no education topic of greater importance today” means (B) .
A. education is no longer the most important topic in the U.S
B. how to teach those immigrant children is of the importance in education
C. education is more important than anything else in the U.S.
D. Immigration wave is the most important topic today
4. Those immigrant children in the American public schools (D) .
A. take English lessons right after they are admitted
B. begin their subject study in English
C. learn two languages before the subjects are taught
D. are made to improve their native language first
5. The best title for this passage is (D) .
A. American Schools: New Problems
B. U.S.A.: A New Wave of Immigration
C. U.S.A.: A Crisis in Education
D. American Schools: Too Many Foreign Students
Passage 12
Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labour and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
“One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to pre pare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories and all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labour is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labour is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
1. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to (C) .
A. take advantage of the division of labour
B. introduce the division of labour into England
C. understand the effects of the division of labour
D. explain the causes of the division of labour
2. Adam Smith saw that the division of labour (B) .
A. enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply
B. increased the possible output per worker
C. increased the number of people employed in factories
D. improved the quality of pins produced
3. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to (A) .
A. show the advantages of the division of labour
B. show the advantages of the old craft system
C. emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
D. emphasize the importance of increased production
4. According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that division of labour (C) .
A. was an efficient way of organizing work
B. was an important development in methods of production
C. inevitably led to economic development
D. increased the production of existing goods
5. Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage? (D)
A. Adam Smith, the English Economist
B. The Theory of Division of Labour
C. Division of Labour, an Efficient Way of Orgaizing Work
D. Adam Smith as the Discoverer of Division of Labour.
Ⅴ. Translation from Chinese into English
1、离开房间时请关灯。Turn off the light before living the room.
2、听到这个消息，他们立即出发去火车站。Hearing the news they leave to the station at once.
3、纳税是每个公民应尽的义务。It’s every citizen’s obligation to pay duty.
4、直到读了你的报告我才了解到事实的真相。I was not realized the truth until have read you report.
5、近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。Robots have been used wiser and deeper during recent years.
6、随着现代交通的发展，世界似乎变得越来越小。With the development of transportation, world seems to become more smaller.
7、许多人都关心野生动物的保护。Many people are caring the protection of wild animals.
8、孩子常常喜欢模仿电视节目中看到的行为。Children are like to mock the behaviors, what they saw in the TV program
自考英语二怎么学 自考英语二怎么学 1 英语(二)词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 2 英语(二)学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
3 英语(二)考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 4 英语(二)考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
2016年10月自考英语二试卷 （0015） 一、阅读判断(第1—10题，每小题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息， 选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Being "Cool" in Middle School A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "cool" kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships. The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor (预示) of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drag and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do. 1. Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. "Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. "Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes. A. True B. False C. Not Given
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案 第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分） Running: sport or way of life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early. How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you. 1.You may find it interesting to go for a run. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A.True B. False C. Not Given 3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?
So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.
0015英语二全国自考复习重点 Unit 1: 1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1) 译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。 分析：该句是主系表结构。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是过去分词短语做定语修饰a choice; 其中that are available是定语从句修饰courses of action. 像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！ 2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1) 译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。 分析：该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。短语：make a decision:做出决策；stand in the way: 阻挡、防碍 3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2) 译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。 分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。what the future will be是at的宾语；as little as possible做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because. 4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3) 译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。 分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：to be made。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves. 5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3) 译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。分析：这句话的考点是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组：base…on以。。。为基础。如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London. 6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4) 译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。 分析：该句主语the tendency to simplify，谓语blinds; them是宾语。to simplify 是定语，修饰the tendency；to other alternatives是宾补。其中短语：blind sb to sth:使。。。看不见。。。；
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（Unit4） Unit 4 The Joy of Work (工作的快乐) Text A Work is Blessing(工作是福) 共7个自然段，领读课文和单词。 一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习 1.blessing: n好事；动词：bless: v 祝福，保佑 如：1). The rain will be a blessing for the farmers. 2). May God bless you with a long life! https://www.doczj.com/doc/253102907.html,plain: v 抱怨，埋怨；名词：complaint 如：1). I’m going to complain to the manager about this. 2). The most common complaint is about poor service. https://www.doczj.com/doc/253102907.html,mitted: adj 尽心尽力的，坚定的；动词：commit犯罪，做错事；承诺，使…承担义务如：1). I have never committed any crime. 2). I would like to commit myself to teaching all my life. 3). She is a committed policewoman. 4.remind: v提醒; reminder: n 提醒物 如：Will you please remind me of his name? 5.victim: n 受害者，牺牲品 如：He said the female victim was his girlfriend。 6.terrorism: n 恐怖主义；terrorist: 恐怖分子 7.depression: n 萧条，不景气，萎靡不振，沮丧。 如：1). She suffered from severe depression after losing her job. 2). He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression （经
自学考试英语二真题卷 及答案 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
2014年10月全国高等教育自学考试试题 英语（二）试题 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital， l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?” ‘s i t’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “ What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ”
自考英语二复习计划 为便于同学们更好地进行复习，并在考试中取得好成绩，我为你搜集了，希望可以帮助到你。 课本知识学扎实 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。1个月复习时间比较紧张，基础不好的考生还要多下功夫。课本学习重点是A课文，也不能放弃B课文，但如果时间紧，首先要保证A课文的学习，包括A课文后面的练习题都要认真做，因为A课文大约要占到80%的比重。在历年10月份英语(二)考试中看，从书中出题的比例很大，甚至最后一道英译汉也是从课文中选取的。如果时间允许，要先复习英语(一)，复习的策略是把考试大纲规定的单词背好，涉及到英语(一)的基础语法弄懂，课文就可以不。 单词背诵要贯穿始终，每天都要坚持背点，多重复，多回头看，多比较，可以采用联想、口诀、拆分等方法来记忆单词，日积月累才会收到良好效果。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。可以把单词分为会拼、会用、会认三个层次，考拼写的一般不会太难，基本上中等难度，尤其字母和读音不太对称的喜欢考。词组一般要会用，剩下大部分单词会认就行。当然，每个单词都达到会拼会用就更好了。 如果考生有时间，报个fudao班跟着老师复习可能会更系统些，但要注意选择权威的辅导班。考生也可xuan权威的guang盘在家复习。
多做真题善积累 第二个月复习重点是做题，做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大，考生可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目，不妨回头再做，有的题隔一段时间再做，可以加强复习效果。对于像完型填空、阅读理解等和书上内容无关的题型，只有多做练习才能提高成绩。 考生还可以留两套最新的真题到临近考试时测试用。在做题过程中，如果发现不懂的地方，要及时翻书，再把知识点夯实。 在做真题的同时，还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题，如果选择太难或太易的题，对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧，摸清出题思路，达到熟能生巧。 考生平时还要注意多积累课本以外的知识，这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如，考生如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不能选择四、六级、考、托福等考试的阅读来做，难度大会打击考生信心，可以看些《大学英语》、《英语sha龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。还有阅读的题材，在英语(二)中，阅读理解喜欢考教育、社会问题、风俗习惯、科普等题材文章，考生可以在这些领域多了解点。 查漏补缺进状态 考生可根据自己的情况重点复习，例如重点的语法。语法复习在英语学习中占有很重要的地位，但英语语法学习不能死学，一定要把记和练结合起来。有的考生往往把语法术语记得很熟，但是一到做题时就傻眼了。在英语(二)考试中，像虚拟语气，谓语动词、非谓语动词，各种从句等都是
考研英语（二）长难句讲解 https://www.doczj.com/doc/253102907.html,lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. 【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。” 2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. 【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。 3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. 【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although